Do smokers self-administer pure nicotine? A review of the evidence

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 173, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 18-26

  Dar, Reuven ^a   Frenk, Hanan ^a,b  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b ACADEMIC COLLEGE OF TEL AVIV YAFFO   (Israel)

Author keywords

Addiction; Dependence; Nicotine; Self administration; Smoking

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; MECAMYLAMINE; NICOTINE; NICOTINE GUM; TRANQUILIZER; TRIMETAPHAN;

AEROSOL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG SELF ADMINISTRATION; HUMAN; MULTIPLE DRUG ABUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SAMPLE SIZE; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TOXICITY; TRANSDERMAL PATCH; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES; HUMANS; NICOTINE; NICOTINIC AGONISTS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); SELF ADMINISTRATION; SMOKING;

EID: 2342451834     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-1781-2     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Atrens DM (2001) Nicotine as an addictive substance: a critical examination of the basic concepts and empirical evidence. J Drug Issues 31:325-394
2. Balfour DJ, Fagerstrom KO (1996) Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 72:51-81
3. Benowitz NL (1996) Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36:597-613
4. Benowitz NL (1999) Nicotine addiction. Prim Care 26:611-631
5. Buchhalter AR, Schrinel L, Eissenberg T (2001) Withdrawal-suppressing effects of a novel smoking system: comparison with own brand, not own brand, and de-nicotinized cigarettes. Nicotine Tobacco Res 3:111-118
6. Caggiula AR, Donny EC, White AR, Chaudhri N, Booth S, Gharib MA, Hoffman A, Perkins KA, Sved AF (2001) Cue dependency of nicotine self-administration and smoking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 70:515-530
7. Caggiula AR, Donny EC, White AR, Chaudhri N, Booth S, Gharib MA, Hoffman A, Perkins KA, Sved AF (2002) Environmental stimuli promote the acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology 163:230-237
8. Dar R, Frenk H (2002) Nicotine self-administration in animals: a reevaluation. Addict Res Theory 10:545-579
9. De Wit H, McCracken SG (1990) Ethanol self-administration in males with and without an alcoholic first-degree relative. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14:63-70
10. Donny EC, Caggiula AR, Mielke MM, Jacobs KS, Rose C, Sved AF (1998) Acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats: the effect of dose, feeding schedule, and drug contingency. Psychopharmacology 136:83-90
11. Foltin RW, Fischman MW (1992) Self-administration of cocaine by humans: choice between smoke and intravenous cocaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261:841-849
12. Frenk H, Dar R (2000) A critique of nicotine addiction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
13. Goldberg SR, Henningfield JE (1983) Intravenous nicotine self-administration in humans and squirrel monkeys. Neurosci Lett 14:S140
14. Goldberg SR, Henningfield JE (1986) Nicotine as a reinforcer in humans and experimental animals. Paper presented at symposium on Progress in Understanding the Relationship between the Pharmacological Effects of Nicotine and Human Tobacco Dependence, held at annual meeting of American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Baltimore, Md. (cf. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1988)
15. Gori GB (1996) Failings of the disease model of addiction. Human Psychopharmacol 11:S33-S38
16. Hajek P, West R, Foulds J, Nilsson F, Burrows S, Meadow A (1999) Randomized comparative trail of nicotine polacrilex, a transdermal patch, nasal spray, and an inhaler. Arch Int Med 159:2033-2038
17. Henningfield JE, Goldberg SR (1983) Control of behavior by intravenous nicotine injections in human subjects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 19:1021-1026
18. Henningfield JE, Keenan RM (1993) Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. J Consult Clin Psychol 61:743-750
19. Henningfield JE, Miyasato K, Jasinski DR (1983) Cigarette smokers self-administer intravenous nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 19:887-890
20. Hughes JR, Pickens RW, Spring W, Keenan RM (1985) Instructions control whether nicotine will serve as a reinforcer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 235:106-112
21. Hughes JR, Strickler G, King D, Higgins ST, Fenwick JF, Gulliver SB, Mireault G (1989) Smoking history, instructions and the effects of nicotine: two pilot studies. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 34:149-155
22. Hughes JR, Rose GL, Callas PW (2000a) Do former smokers respond to nicotine differently from never smokers? A pilot study. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2:255-262
23. Hughes JR, Rose GL, Callas PW (2000b) Nicotine is more reinforcing in smokers with a past history of alcoholism than in smokers without this history. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:1633-1638
24. Jacober A, Hasenfratz M, Battig K (1994) Cigarette smoking: habit or nicotine maintenance? Effects of short-term smoking abstinence and oversmoking. Hum Psychopharmacol 9:117-123
25. Juliano LM, Brandon TH (2002) Effects of nicotine dose, instructional set, and outcome expectancies on the subjective effects of smoking in the presence of a stressor. J Abnormal Psychol 111:88-97
26. Kenford SL, Wetter DW, Smith SS, Jorenby DE, Fiore MC, Baker TB (2002) Predicting relapse back to smoking: Contrasting affective and physical models of dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol 70:216-277
27. Kozlowski LT, Porter CQ, Orleans CT, Pope MA, Heatherton T (1994) Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HSI. Drug Alcohol Depend 34:211-216
28. Kozlowski LT, Henningfield JE, Brigham J (2001) Cigarettes, nicotine and health. Sage Publications, London
29. McDonald RV, Parker LA, Siegel S (1997) Conditioned sucrose aversion produced by naloxone precipitated withdrawal form acutely administered morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 58:1003-1008
30. Perkins KA, DiMarco A, Grobe JE, Scierka A, Stiller RL (1994a) Nicotine discrimination in male and female smokers. Psychopharmacology 116:407-413
31. Perkins KA, Sexton JE, Reynolds WA, Grobe JE, Fonte C, Stiller RL (1994b) Comparison of acute subjective and heart rate effects of nicotine intake via tobacco smoking versus nasal spray. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 47:295-299
32. Perkins KA, Grobe JE, Damico D, Fonte C, Wilson AS, Stiller RL (1996a) Low-dose nicotine nasal spray use and effects during initial smoking cessation. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 4:157-165
33. Perkins KA, Grobe JE, Weiss D, Fonte C, Caggiula A (1996b) Nicotine preference in smokers as a function of smoking abstinence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 55:257-263
34. Perkins KA, Grobe JE, Caggiula A, Wilson A, Stiller RL (1997a) Acute reinforcing effects of low-dose nicotine nasal spray in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 56:235-241
35. Perkins KA, Sanders M, Amico DD, Wilson A (1997b) Nicotine discrimination and self-administration in humans as a function of smoking status. Psychopharmacology 131:361-370
36. Perkins KA, Sanders M, Fonte C, Wilson AS, White W, Stiller R, McNamara D (1999) Effects of central and peripheral nicotinic blockade on human nicotine discrimination. Psychopharmacology 142:158-164
37. Perkins KA, Gerlach D, Broge M, Fonte C, Wilson A (2001a) Reinforcing effects of nicotine as a function of smoking status. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 9:243-250
38. Perkins KA, Fonte C, Meeker J, White W, Wilson A (2001b) The discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of nicotine in humans following nicotine pretreatment. Behav Pharmacol 12:35-44
39. Perkins KA, Broge M, Gerlach D, Sanders M, Grobe JE, Cherry C, Wilson AS (2002) Acute nicotine reinforcement, but not chronic tolerance, predicts withdrawal and relapse after quitting smoking. Health Psychol 21:332-339
40. Powell J (1995) Conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli: is context crucial? Addiction 90:1089-1095
41. Pullan RD, Rhodes J, Ganesh S, Mani V, Morris JS, Williams GT, Newcombe RG, Russell MAH, Feyerabend C, Thomas GAO, Sawe U (1994) Transdermal nicotine for active ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 330:811-815
42. Robinson JH, Pritchard WS (1992) The role of nicotine in tobacco use. Psychopharmacology 108:397-407
43. Rose JE (1996) Nicotine addiction and treatment. Annu Rev Med 47:493-507
44. Rose JE, Behm F, Levin ED (1993) Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44:891-900
45. Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, Johnson M (2000) Dissociating nicotine and nonnicotine components of cigarette smoking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 67:71-81
46. Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, Bates JE (2003) Mecamylamine acutely increases human intravenous nicotine self-administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76:307-313
47. Shanan TA, Bickel WK, Madden GJ, Badger GJ (1999) Comparing the reinforcing efficacy of nicotine containing and denicotinized cigarettes: a behavioral economic analysis. Psychopharmacology 147:210-216
48. Shahan TA, Bickel WK, Badger GJ, Giordano LA (2001) Sensitivity of nicotine-containing and de-nicotinized cigarette consumption to alternative non-drug reinforcement a behavioral economic analysis. Behav Pharmacol 12:277-284
49. Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead L, Mant D, Fowler G (2003) Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, Issue 2. Update Software, Oxford
50. Soria R, Stapleton J, Gilson SF, Sampson-Cone A, Henningfield JE, London ED (1996) Subjective and cardiovascular effects of intravenous nicotine in smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmacology 128:221-226
51. Stolerman IP, Jarvis MJ (1995) The scientific case that nicotine is addictive. Psychopharmacology 117:2-10
52. Swedberg MDB, Henningfield JE, Goldberg SR (1988). Evidence of nicotine dependency from animal studies: Self-administration, tolerance and withdrawal. In: Russell MAH, Stolerman IP, Wannacott S (eds) Nicotine: actions and medical implications. Oxford University Press, Oxford (cf. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1988)
53. Tobacco Advisory Group of The Royal College of Physicians (2000) Nicotine addiction in Britain. Royal College of Physicians, London
54. US Department of Health and Human Services. Nicotine Addiction: a Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publication Number (CDC) 88-8406. 1988. Rockville, Md.: Office on Smoking and Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
55. Warburton DM (1995) The functional conception of nicotine use. In: Clarke PBS, Quik M, Adlkofer F, Thurau K (eds) Effects of nicotine on biological systems 2. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel Boston Berlin, pp 257-264
56. Wen HL, Ho WK (1982) Suppression of withdrawal symptoms by dynorphin in heroin addicts Eur J Pharmacol 82:183-186
57. West R, Hajek P, Foulds J, Nilsson F, May S, Meadows A (2000) A comparison of the abuse liability and dependence potential of nicotine patch, gum, spray and inhaler. Psychopharmacology 149:198-202
58. West R, Hajek P, Nilsson F, Foulds J, May S, Meadows A (2001) Individual differences in preferences for and responses to four nicotine replacement products. Psychopharmacology 153:225-230