메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 355-374

Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: Benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels

Author keywords

Alpha linolenic acid; Brain; Cardiovascular; Docosahexaenoic acid; Human health; Kinetics

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CARBON; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FATTY ACID DERIVATIVE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FISH OIL; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; LINSEED OIL; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID; OLIVE OIL; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO;

EID: 70350059182     PISSN: 01637827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.07.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (470)

References (308)
  • 1
    • 0001553916 scopus 로고
    • On the nature and role of fatty acids essential in nutrition
    • Burr G.O., and Burr M.M. On the nature and role of fatty acids essential in nutrition. J Biol Chem 86 (1930) 587-621
    • (1930) J Biol Chem , vol.86 , pp. 587-621
    • Burr, G.O.1    Burr, M.M.2
  • 2
    • 0020054169 scopus 로고
    • A case of human linolenic acid deficiency involving neurological abnormalities
    • Holman R.T., Johnson S.B., and Hatch T.F. A case of human linolenic acid deficiency involving neurological abnormalities. Am J Clin Nutr 35 (1982) 617-623
    • (1982) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 617-623
    • Holman, R.T.1    Johnson, S.B.2    Hatch, T.F.3
  • 3
    • 0031888889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The slow discovery of the importance of omega 3 essential fatty acids in human health
    • Holman R.T. The slow discovery of the importance of omega 3 essential fatty acids in human health. J Nutr 128 (1998) 427S-433S
    • (1998) J Nutr , vol.128
    • Holman, R.T.1
  • 4
    • 0033601177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning, expression, and fatty acid regulation of the human delta-5 desaturase
    • Cho H.P., Nakamura M., and Clarke S.D. Cloning, expression, and fatty acid regulation of the human delta-5 desaturase. J Biol Chem 274 (1999) 37335-37339
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 37335-37339
    • Cho, H.P.1    Nakamura, M.2    Clarke, S.D.3
  • 5
    • 0032929070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian Delta-6 desaturase
    • Cho H.P., Nakamura M.T., and Clarke S.D. Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian Delta-6 desaturase. J Biol Chem 274 (1999) 471-477
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 471-477
    • Cho, H.P.1    Nakamura, M.T.2    Clarke, S.D.3
  • 6
    • 0034193457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of a new mammalian gene family in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids and sphingolipids
    • Tvrdik P., Westerberg R., Silve S., Asadi A., Jakobsson A., Cannon B., et al. Role of a new mammalian gene family in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids and sphingolipids. J Cell Biol 149 (2000) 707-718
    • (2000) J Cell Biol , vol.149 , pp. 707-718
    • Tvrdik, P.1    Westerberg, R.2    Silve, S.3    Asadi, A.4    Jakobsson, A.5    Cannon, B.6
  • 7
    • 21744446895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific, nutritional, and developmental regulation of rat fatty acid elongases
    • Wang Y., Botolin D., Christian B., Busik J., Xu J., and Jump D.B. Tissue-specific, nutritional, and developmental regulation of rat fatty acid elongases. J Lipid Res 46 (2005) 706-715
    • (2005) J Lipid Res , vol.46 , pp. 706-715
    • Wang, Y.1    Botolin, D.2    Christian, B.3    Busik, J.4    Xu, J.5    Jump, D.B.6
  • 8
    • 0142027805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined analysis of oligonucleotide microarray data from transgenic and knockout mice identifies direct SREBP target genes
    • Horton J.D., Shah N.A., Warrington J.A., Anderson N.N., Park S.W., Brown M.S., et al. Combined analysis of oligonucleotide microarray data from transgenic and knockout mice identifies direct SREBP target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 12027-12032
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 12027-12032
    • Horton, J.D.1    Shah, N.A.2    Warrington, J.A.3    Anderson, N.N.4    Park, S.W.5    Brown, M.S.6
  • 9
    • 0032522752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid accretion in the fetal brain
    • Green P., and Yavin E. Mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid accretion in the fetal brain. J Neurosci Res 52 (1998) 129-136
    • (1998) J Neurosci Res , vol.52 , pp. 129-136
    • Green, P.1    Yavin, E.2
  • 10
    • 0014028072 scopus 로고
    • Effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the desaturation in vitro of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids
    • Brenner R.R., and Peluffo R.O. Effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the desaturation in vitro of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. J Biol Chem 241 (1966) 5213-5219
    • (1966) J Biol Chem , vol.241 , pp. 5213-5219
    • Brenner, R.R.1    Peluffo, R.O.2
  • 11
    • 49649152857 scopus 로고
    • Biological activities of and requirements for polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Holman R.T. Biological activities of and requirements for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids 9 (1968) 611-680
    • (1968) Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids , vol.9 , pp. 611-680
    • Holman, R.T.1
  • 12
    • 0014199119 scopus 로고
    • Chain elongation of linoleic acid and its inhibition by other fatty acids in vitro
    • Mohrhauer H., Christiansen K., Gan M.V., Deubig M., and Holman R.T. Chain elongation of linoleic acid and its inhibition by other fatty acids in vitro. J Biol Chem 242 (1967) 4507-4514
    • (1967) J Biol Chem , vol.242 , pp. 4507-4514
    • Mohrhauer, H.1    Christiansen, K.2    Gan, M.V.3    Deubig, M.4    Holman, R.T.5
  • 13
    • 0031037689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of an animal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis
    • Spychalla J.P., Kinney A.J., and Browse J. Identification of an animal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997) 1142-1147
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 1142-1147
    • Spychalla, J.P.1    Kinney, A.J.2    Browse, J.3
  • 14
    • 36649010249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat-1 transgenic mice: a new model for omega-3 research
    • Kang J.X. Fat-1 transgenic mice: a new model for omega-3 research. Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 77 (2007) 263-267
    • (2007) Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids , vol.77 , pp. 263-267
    • Kang, J.X.1
  • 15
    • 0031026550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The majority of dietary linoleate in growing rats is beta-oxidized or stored in visceral fat
    • Cunnane S.C., and Anderson M.J. The majority of dietary linoleate in growing rats is beta-oxidized or stored in visceral fat. J Nutr 127 (1997) 146-152
    • (1997) J Nutr , vol.127 , pp. 146-152
    • Cunnane, S.C.1    Anderson, M.J.2
  • 16
    • 23844432885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha-Linolenic acid does not contribute appreciably to docosahexaenoic acid within brain phospholipids of adult rats fed a diet enriched in docosahexaenoic acid
    • Demar Jr. J.C., Ma K., Chang L., Bell J.M., and Rapoport S.I. alpha-Linolenic acid does not contribute appreciably to docosahexaenoic acid within brain phospholipids of adult rats fed a diet enriched in docosahexaenoic acid. J Neurochem 94 (2005) 1063-1076
    • (2005) J Neurochem , vol.94 , pp. 1063-1076
    • Demar Jr., J.C.1    Ma, K.2    Chang, L.3    Bell, J.M.4    Rapoport, S.I.5
  • 17
    • 33845971235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulated liver conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to docosahexaenoic acid in rats on a 15 week n-3 PUFA-deficient diet
    • Igarashi M., DeMar Jr. J.C., Ma K., Chang L., Bell J.M., and Rapoport S.I. Upregulated liver conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to docosahexaenoic acid in rats on a 15 week n-3 PUFA-deficient diet. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 152-164
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , pp. 152-164
    • Igarashi, M.1    DeMar Jr., J.C.2    Ma, K.3    Chang, L.4    Bell, J.M.5    Rapoport, S.I.6
  • 18
    • 34248204099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from alpha-linolenic acid by rat brain is unaffected by dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation
    • Igarashi M., DeMar Jr. J.C., Ma K., Chang L., Bell J.M., and Rapoport S.I. Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from alpha-linolenic acid by rat brain is unaffected by dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 1150-1158
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , pp. 1150-1158
    • Igarashi, M.1    DeMar Jr., J.C.2    Ma, K.3    Chang, L.4    Bell, J.M.5    Rapoport, S.I.6
  • 20
    • 0034804695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative bioavailability of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids in the growing rat
    • Poumes-Ballihaut C., Langelier B., Houlier F., Alessandri J.M., Durand G., Latge C., et al. Comparative bioavailability of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids in the growing rat. Lipids 36 (2001) 793-800
    • (2001) Lipids , vol.36 , pp. 793-800
    • Poumes-Ballihaut, C.1    Langelier, B.2    Houlier, F.3    Alessandri, J.M.4    Durand, G.5    Latge, C.6
  • 21
    • 36749082536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolism of nutritionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acids depends on both the diet and the liver
    • Rapoport S.I., Rao J.S., and Igarashi M. Brain metabolism of nutritionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acids depends on both the diet and the liver. Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 77 (2007) 251-261
    • (2007) Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids , vol.77 , pp. 251-261
    • Rapoport, S.I.1    Rao, J.S.2    Igarashi, M.3
  • 22
    • 25844437057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases brain but not heart and liver docosahexaenoic acid levels
    • Barcelo-Coblijn G., Collison L.W., Jolly C.A., and Murphy E.J. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases brain but not heart and liver docosahexaenoic acid levels. Lipids 40 (2005) 787-798
    • (2005) Lipids , vol.40 , pp. 787-798
    • Barcelo-Coblijn, G.1    Collison, L.W.2    Jolly, C.A.3    Murphy, E.J.4
  • 23
    • 0038018156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression and molecular composition of phospholipids in rat brain in relation to dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio
    • Barcelo-Coblijn G., Kitajka K., Puskas L.G., Hogyes E., Zvara A., Hackler Jr. L., et al. Gene expression and molecular composition of phospholipids in rat brain in relation to dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio. Biochim Biophys Acta 1632 (2003) 72-79
    • (2003) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1632 , pp. 72-79
    • Barcelo-Coblijn, G.1    Kitajka, K.2    Puskas, L.G.3    Hogyes, E.4    Zvara, A.5    Hackler Jr., L.6
  • 24
    • 0033038692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 as sources of 22:6n-3 accretion in neonatal baboon brain and associated organs
    • Su H.M., Bernardo L., Mirmiran M., Ma X.H., Nathanielsz P.W., and Brenna J.T. Dietary 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 as sources of 22:6n-3 accretion in neonatal baboon brain and associated organs. Lipids 34 Suppl. (1999) S347-S350
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Su, H.M.1    Bernardo, L.2    Mirmiran, M.3    Ma, X.H.4    Nathanielsz, P.W.5    Brenna, J.T.6
  • 25
    • 0035063527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal baboons convert 18:3n-3 to 22:6n-3 in vivo. A stable isotope tracer study
    • Su H.M., Huang M.C., Saad N.M., Nathanielsz P.W., and Brenna J.T. Fetal baboons convert 18:3n-3 to 22:6n-3 in vivo. A stable isotope tracer study. J Lipid Res 42 (2001) 581-586
    • (2001) J Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 581-586
    • Su, H.M.1    Huang, M.C.2    Saad, N.M.3    Nathanielsz, P.W.4    Brenna, J.T.5
  • 26
    • 0001184521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain docosahexaenoate accretion in fetal baboons: bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids
    • Greiner R.C., Winter J., Nathanielsz P.W., and Brenna J.T. Brain docosahexaenoate accretion in fetal baboons: bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids. Pediatr Res 42 (1997) 826-834
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 826-834
    • Greiner, R.C.1    Winter, J.2    Nathanielsz, P.W.3    Brenna, J.T.4
  • 27
    • 0030477748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linoleate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant rhesus monkeys
    • Sheaff Greiner R.C., Zhang Q., Goodman K.J., Giussani D.A., Nathanielsz P.W., and Brenna J.T. Linoleate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant rhesus monkeys. J Lipid Res 37 (1996) 2675-2686
    • (1996) J Lipid Res , vol.37 , pp. 2675-2686
    • Sheaff Greiner, R.C.1    Zhang, Q.2    Goodman, K.J.3    Giussani, D.A.4    Nathanielsz, P.W.5    Brenna, J.T.6
  • 28
    • 47249110902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood concentrations of individual long-chain n-3 fatty acids and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction
    • Sun Q., Ma J., Campos H., Rexrode K.M., Albert C.M., Mozaffarian D., et al. Blood concentrations of individual long-chain n-3 fatty acids and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Clin Nutr 88 (2008) 216-223
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 216-223
    • Sun, Q.1    Ma, J.2    Campos, H.3    Rexrode, K.M.4    Albert, C.M.5    Mozaffarian, D.6
  • 29
    • 15044339422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclooxygenases, peroxide tone and the allure of fish oil
    • Smith W.L. Cyclooxygenases, peroxide tone and the allure of fish oil. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17 (2005) 174-182
    • (2005) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 174-182
    • Smith, W.L.1
  • 30
    • 34548150764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Delta 6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes
    • Portolesi R., Powell B.C., and Gibson R.A. Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Delta 6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 1592-1598
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , pp. 1592-1598
    • Portolesi, R.1    Powell, B.C.2    Gibson, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0031420165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes grown in media enriched with different N-6/N-3 fatty acid combinations
    • Hrelia S., Biagi P.L., Lorenzini A., Lopez Jimenez J.A., Horrobin D.F., and Bordoni A. Essential fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes grown in media enriched with different N-6/N-3 fatty acid combinations. Biochem Mol Biol Int 41 (1997) 423-430
    • (1997) Biochem Mol Biol Int , vol.41 , pp. 423-430
    • Hrelia, S.1    Biagi, P.L.2    Lorenzini, A.3    Lopez Jimenez, J.A.4    Horrobin, D.F.5    Bordoni, A.6
  • 32
    • 0029923814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in cultured cardiomyocytes: effect of different N-6 and N-3 fatty acid supplementation
    • Bordoni A., Lopez Jimenez J.A., Spano C., Biagi P., Horrobin D.F., and Hrelia S. Metabolism of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in cultured cardiomyocytes: effect of different N-6 and N-3 fatty acid supplementation. Mol Cell Biochem 157 (1996) 217-222
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.157 , pp. 217-222
    • Bordoni, A.1    Lopez Jimenez, J.A.2    Spano, C.3    Biagi, P.4    Horrobin, D.F.5    Hrelia, S.6
  • 33
    • 51749101297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaxseed oil and fish-oil capsule consumption alters human red blood cell n-3 fatty acid composition: a multiple-dosing trial comparing 2 sources of n-3 fatty acid
    • Barcelo-Coblijn G., Murphy E.J., Othman R., Moghadasian M.H., Kashour T., and Friel J.K. Flaxseed oil and fish-oil capsule consumption alters human red blood cell n-3 fatty acid composition: a multiple-dosing trial comparing 2 sources of n-3 fatty acid. Am J Clin Nutr 88 (2008) 801-809
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 801-809
    • Barcelo-Coblijn, G.1    Murphy, E.J.2    Othman, R.3    Moghadasian, M.H.4    Kashour, T.5    Friel, J.K.6
  • 34
    • 0031692458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes are mainly responsible for the polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in vitro
    • Bernoud N., Fenart L., Benistant C., Pageaux J.F., Dehouck M.P., Moliere P., et al. Astrocytes are mainly responsible for the polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in vitro. J Lipid Res 39 (1998) 1816-1824
    • (1998) J Lipid Res , vol.39 , pp. 1816-1824
    • Bernoud, N.1    Fenart, L.2    Benistant, C.3    Pageaux, J.F.4    Dehouck, M.P.5    Moliere, P.6
  • 35
    • 0026021804 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes, not neurons, produce docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega-6)
    • Moore S.A., Yoder E., Murphy S., Dutton G.R., and Spector A.A. Astrocytes, not neurons, produce docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega-6). J Neurochem 56 (1991) 518-524
    • (1991) J Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 518-524
    • Moore, S.A.1    Yoder, E.2    Murphy, S.3    Dutton, G.R.4    Spector, A.A.5
  • 36
    • 0035652817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in differentiated rat brain astrocytes
    • Williard D.E., Harmon S.D., Kaduce T.L., Preuss M., Moore S.A., Robbins M.E., et al. Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in differentiated rat brain astrocytes. J Lipid Res 42 (2001) 1368-1376
    • (2001) J Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 1368-1376
    • Williard, D.E.1    Harmon, S.D.2    Kaduce, T.L.3    Preuss, M.4    Moore, S.A.5    Robbins, M.E.6
  • 37
    • 24644512251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of the transcriptional and fatty acid profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
    • Langelier B., Alessandri J.M., Perruchot M.H., Guesnet P., and Lavialle M. Changes of the transcriptional and fatty acid profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Lipids 40 (2005) 719-728
    • (2005) Lipids , vol.40 , pp. 719-728
    • Langelier, B.1    Alessandri, J.M.2    Perruchot, M.H.3    Guesnet, P.4    Lavialle, M.5
  • 38
    • 42549151044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from n-3 fatty acid precursors in rat hippocampal neurons
    • Kaduce TL, Chen Y, Hell JW, Spector AA. Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from n-3 fatty acid precursors in rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurochem
    • Kaduce, T.L.1    Chen, Y.2    Hell, J.W.3    Spector, A.A.4
  • 39
    • 33846006224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bovine muscle n-3 fatty acid content is increased with flaxseed feeding
    • Kronberg S.L., Barcelo-Coblijn G., Shin J., Lee K., and Murphy E.J. Bovine muscle n-3 fatty acid content is increased with flaxseed feeding. Lipids 41 (2006) 1059-1068
    • (2006) Lipids , vol.41 , pp. 1059-1068
    • Kronberg, S.L.1    Barcelo-Coblijn, G.2    Shin, J.3    Lee, K.4    Murphy, E.J.5
  • 40
    • 33744938935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of processing flax in beef feedlot diets on performance, carcass characteristics, and trained sensory panel ratings
    • Maddock T.D., Bauer M.L., Koch K.B., Anderson V.L., Maddock R.J., Barcelo-Coblijn G., et al. Effect of processing flax in beef feedlot diets on performance, carcass characteristics, and trained sensory panel ratings. J Anim Sci 84 (2006) 1544-1551
    • (2006) J Anim Sci , vol.84 , pp. 1544-1551
    • Maddock, T.D.1    Bauer, M.L.2    Koch, K.B.3    Anderson, V.L.4    Maddock, R.J.5    Barcelo-Coblijn, G.6
  • 41
    • 35148872478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet prevents myocardial damage and expands longevity in cardiomyopathic hamsters
    • Fiaccavento R., Carotenuto F., Minieri M., Masuelli L., Vecchini A., Bei R., et al. Alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet prevents myocardial damage and expands longevity in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Am J Pathol 169 (2006) 1913-1924
    • (2006) Am J Pathol , vol.169 , pp. 1913-1924
    • Fiaccavento, R.1    Carotenuto, F.2    Minieri, M.3    Masuelli, L.4    Vecchini, A.5    Bei, R.6
  • 42
    • 3242763991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on PUFA conversion, bioavailability, and storage in the hamster
    • Morise A., Combe N., Boue C., Legrand P., Catheline D., Delplanque B., et al. Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on PUFA conversion, bioavailability, and storage in the hamster. Lipids 39 (2004) 325-334
    • (2004) Lipids , vol.39 , pp. 325-334
    • Morise, A.1    Combe, N.2    Boue, C.3    Legrand, P.4    Catheline, D.5    Delplanque, B.6
  • 43
    • 0036774711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in young men*
    • Burdge G.C., Jones A.E., and Wootton S.A. Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in young men*. Br J Nutr 88 (2002) 355-363
    • (2002) Br J Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 355-363
    • Burdge, G.C.1    Jones, A.E.2    Wootton, S.A.3
  • 44
    • 31544469205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaxseed oil increases the plasma concentrations of cardioprotective (n-3) fatty acids in humans
    • Harper C.R., Edwards M.J., DeFilippis A.P., and Jacobson T.A. Flaxseed oil increases the plasma concentrations of cardioprotective (n-3) fatty acids in humans. J Nutr 136 (2006) 83-87
    • (2006) J Nutr , vol.136 , pp. 83-87
    • Harper, C.R.1    Edwards, M.J.2    DeFilippis, A.P.3    Jacobson, T.A.4
  • 45
    • 0033957783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of different ratios of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in the diet of term infants: effects on visual function and growth
    • Makrides M., Neumann M.A., Jeffrey B., Lien E.L., and Gibson R.A. A randomized trial of different ratios of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in the diet of term infants: effects on visual function and growth. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (2000) 120-129
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 120-129
    • Makrides, M.1    Neumann, M.A.2    Jeffrey, B.3    Lien, E.L.4    Gibson, R.A.5
  • 46
    • 0028177021 scopus 로고
    • Dietary substitution with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues
    • Mantzioris E., James M.J., Gibson R.A., and Cleland L.G. Dietary substitution with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues. Am J Clin Nutr 59 (1994) 1304-1309
    • (1994) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.59 , pp. 1304-1309
    • Mantzioris, E.1    James, M.J.2    Gibson, R.A.3    Cleland, L.G.4
  • 47
    • 0037721537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects
    • Wallace F.A., Miles E.A., and Calder P.C. Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr 89 (2003) 679-689
    • (2003) Br J Nutr , vol.89 , pp. 679-689
    • Wallace, F.A.1    Miles, E.A.2    Calder, P.C.3
  • 48
    • 7944228499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women
    • Zhao G., Etherton T.D., Martin K.R., West S.G., Gillies P.J., and Kris-Etherton P.M. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women. J Nutr 134 (2004) 2991-2997
    • (2004) J Nutr , vol.134 , pp. 2991-2997
    • Zhao, G.1    Etherton, T.D.2    Martin, K.R.3    West, S.G.4    Gillies, P.J.5    Kris-Etherton, P.M.6
  • 49
    • 0141961690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems with essential fatty acids: time for a new paradigm?
    • Cunnane S.C. Problems with essential fatty acids: time for a new paradigm?. Prog Lipid Res 42 (2003) 544-568
    • (2003) Prog Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 544-568
    • Cunnane, S.C.1
  • 50
    • 0035183230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina
    • Lauritzen L., Hansen H.S., Jorgensen M.H., and Michaelsen K.F. The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Prog Lipid Res 40 (2001) 1-94
    • (2001) Prog Lipid Res , vol.40 , pp. 1-94
    • Lauritzen, L.1    Hansen, H.S.2    Jorgensen, M.H.3    Michaelsen, K.F.4
  • 51
    • 0037413190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the role of alpha-linolenic acid for mammals?
    • Sinclair A.J., Attar-Bashi N.M., and Li D. What is the role of alpha-linolenic acid for mammals?. Lipids 37 (2002) 1113-1123
    • (2002) Lipids , vol.37 , pp. 1113-1123
    • Sinclair, A.J.1    Attar-Bashi, N.M.2    Li, D.3
  • 52
    • 0027323080 scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid at 1.3 g/kg maintains maximal docosahexaenoic acid concentration in brain, heart and liver of adult rats
    • Bourre J.M., Dumont O., Pascal G., and Durand G. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid at 1.3 g/kg maintains maximal docosahexaenoic acid concentration in brain, heart and liver of adult rats. J Nutr 123 (1993) 1313-1319
    • (1993) J Nutr , vol.123 , pp. 1313-1319
    • Bourre, J.M.1    Dumont, O.2    Pascal, G.3    Durand, G.4
  • 53
    • 0024788867 scopus 로고
    • The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the composition of nerve membranes, enzymatic activity, amplitude of electrophysiological parameters, resistance to poisons and performance of learning tasks in rats
    • Bourre J.M., Francois M., Youyou A., Dumont O., Piciotti M., Pascal G., et al. The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the composition of nerve membranes, enzymatic activity, amplitude of electrophysiological parameters, resistance to poisons and performance of learning tasks in rats. J Nutr 119 (1989) 1880-1892
    • (1989) J Nutr , vol.119 , pp. 1880-1892
    • Bourre, J.M.1    Francois, M.2    Youyou, A.3    Dumont, O.4    Piciotti, M.5    Pascal, G.6
  • 54
    • 51449120579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rat heart cannot synthesize docosahexaenoic acid from circulating alpha-linolenic acid because it lacks elongase-2
    • Igarashi M., Ma K., Chang L., Bell J.M., and Rapoport S.I. Rat heart cannot synthesize docosahexaenoic acid from circulating alpha-linolenic acid because it lacks elongase-2. J Lipid Res 49 (2008) 1735-1745
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , pp. 1735-1745
    • Igarashi, M.1    Ma, K.2    Chang, L.3    Bell, J.M.4    Rapoport, S.I.5
  • 55
    • 33744811154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and metabolism of plasma-derived erucic acid by rat brain
    • Golovko M.Y., and Murphy E.J. Uptake and metabolism of plasma-derived erucic acid by rat brain. J Lipid Res 47 (2006) 1289-1297
    • (2006) J Lipid Res , vol.47 , pp. 1289-1297
    • Golovko, M.Y.1    Murphy, E.J.2
  • 56
    • 33947280424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-synuclein gene ablation increases docosahexaenoic acid incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipids
    • Golovko M.Y., Rosenberger T.A., Feddersen S., Faergeman N.J., and Murphy E.J. Alpha-synuclein gene ablation increases docosahexaenoic acid incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipids. J Neurochem 101 (2007) 201-211
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.101 , pp. 201-211
    • Golovko, M.Y.1    Rosenberger, T.A.2    Feddersen, S.3    Faergeman, N.J.4    Murphy, E.J.5
  • 57
    • 17644419995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain arachidonic acid incorporation is decreased in heart fatty acid binding protein gene-ablated mice
    • Murphy E.J., Owada Y., Kitanaka N., Kondo H., and Glatz J.F. Brain arachidonic acid incorporation is decreased in heart fatty acid binding protein gene-ablated mice. Biochemistry 44 (2005) 6350-6360
    • (2005) Biochemistry , vol.44 , pp. 6350-6360
    • Murphy, E.J.1    Owada, Y.2    Kitanaka, N.3    Kondo, H.4    Glatz, J.F.5
  • 58
    • 0036158985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid synthesis and turnover of brain microsomal ether phospholipids in the adult rat
    • Rosenberger T.A., Oki J., Purdon A.D., Rapoport S.I., and Murphy E.J. Rapid synthesis and turnover of brain microsomal ether phospholipids in the adult rat. J Lipid Res 43 (2002) 59-68
    • (2002) J Lipid Res , vol.43 , pp. 59-68
    • Rosenberger, T.A.1    Oki, J.2    Purdon, A.D.3    Rapoport, S.I.4    Murphy, E.J.5
  • 59
    • 0034912915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo fatty acid incorporation into brain phospholipids in relation to plasma availability, signal transduction and membrane remodeling
    • discussion 79-84
    • Rapoport S.I. In vivo fatty acid incorporation into brain phospholipids in relation to plasma availability, signal transduction and membrane remodeling. J Mol Neurosci 16 (2001) 243-261 discussion 79-84
    • (2001) J Mol Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 243-261
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 60
    • 49349094354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erucic acid is differentially taken up and metabolized in rat liver and heart
    • Murphy C.C., Murphy E.J., and Golovko M.Y. Erucic acid is differentially taken up and metabolized in rat liver and heart. Lipids 43 (2008) 391-400
    • (2008) Lipids , vol.43 , pp. 391-400
    • Murphy, C.C.1    Murphy, E.J.2    Golovko, M.Y.3
  • 61
    • 0034686664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids
    • Sprecher H. Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1486 (2000) 219-231
    • (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1486 , pp. 219-231
    • Sprecher, H.1
  • 62
    • 0025841905 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase
    • Voss A., Reinhart M., Sankarappa S., and Sprecher H. The metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase. J Biol Chem 266 (1991) 19995-20000
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 19995-20000
    • Voss, A.1    Reinhart, M.2    Sankarappa, S.3    Sprecher, H.4
  • 63
    • 0033038829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the biosynthesis of 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3: a complex intracellular process
    • Sprecher H., Chen Q., and Yin F.Q. Regulation of the biosynthesis of 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3: a complex intracellular process. Lipids 34 Suppl. (1999) S153-S156
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Sprecher, H.1    Chen, Q.2    Yin, F.Q.3
  • 64
    • 34547131318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cells
    • Kim H.Y. Novel metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cells. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 18661-18665
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 18661-18665
    • Kim, H.Y.1
  • 65
    • 0035977004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a mammalian long chain fatty acyl elongase regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
    • Moon Y.A., Shah N.A., Mohapatra S., Warrington J.A., and Horton J.D. Identification of a mammalian long chain fatty acyl elongase regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 45358-45366
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 45358-45366
    • Moon, Y.A.1    Shah, N.A.2    Mohapatra, S.3    Warrington, J.A.4    Horton, J.D.5
  • 66
    • 0028068555 scopus 로고
    • Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males
    • Emken E.A., Adlof R.O., and Gulley R.M. Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males. Biochim Biophys Acta 1213 (1994) 277-288
    • (1994) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1213 , pp. 277-288
    • Emken, E.A.1    Adlof, R.O.2    Gulley, R.M.3
  • 67
    • 0027500855 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of learning, pain thresholds, and thermoregulation in the rat by preparations of free purified alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids: determination of the optimal omega 3-to-omega 6 ratio
    • Yehuda S., and Carasso R.L. Modulation of learning, pain thresholds, and thermoregulation in the rat by preparations of free purified alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids: determination of the optimal omega 3-to-omega 6 ratio. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 (1993) 10345-10349
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 10345-10349
    • Yehuda, S.1    Carasso, R.L.2
  • 68
    • 0032870832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on desaturation and uptake in vivo of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids by male subjects
    • Emken E.A., Adlof R.O., Duval S.M., and Nelson G.J. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on desaturation and uptake in vivo of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids by male subjects. Lipids 34 (1999) 785-791
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , pp. 785-791
    • Emken, E.A.1    Adlof, R.O.2    Duval, S.M.3    Nelson, G.J.4
  • 69
    • 0032219908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid content and composition of UK Beef and Lamb Muscle in relation to production system and implications for human nutrition
    • Enser M.H.K., Hewett B., Fursey G.A.J., Wood J.D., and Harrington G. Fatty acid content and composition of UK Beef and Lamb Muscle in relation to production system and implications for human nutrition. Meat Sci 49 (1998) 329-341
    • (1998) Meat Sci , vol.49 , pp. 329-341
    • Enser, M.H.K.1    Hewett, B.2    Fursey, G.A.J.3    Wood, J.D.4    Harrington, G.5
  • 70
    • 33747148931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low liver conversion rate of alpha-linolenic to docosahexaenoic acid in awake rats on a high-docosahexaenoate-containing diet
    • Igarashi M., Ma K., Chang L., Bell J.M., Rapoport S.I., and DeMar Jr. J.C. Low liver conversion rate of alpha-linolenic to docosahexaenoic acid in awake rats on a high-docosahexaenoate-containing diet. J Lipid Res 47 (2006) 1812-1822
    • (2006) J Lipid Res , vol.47 , pp. 1812-1822
    • Igarashi, M.1    Ma, K.2    Chang, L.3    Bell, J.M.4    Rapoport, S.I.5    DeMar Jr., J.C.6
  • 71
    • 0345687389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the n-3 PUFA content of sow's milk and the tissues of the suckling piglet
    • Bazinet R.P., McMillan E.G., and Cunnane S.C. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the n-3 PUFA content of sow's milk and the tissues of the suckling piglet. Lipids 38 (2003) 1045-1049
    • (2003) Lipids , vol.38 , pp. 1045-1049
    • Bazinet, R.P.1    McMillan, E.G.2    Cunnane, S.C.3
  • 72
    • 0037022628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain: modulation of rat brain gene expression by dietary n-3 fatty acids
    • Kitajka K., Puskas L.G., Zvara A., Hackler Jr. L., Barcelo-Coblijn G., Yeo Y.K., et al. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain: modulation of rat brain gene expression by dietary n-3 fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 (2002) 2619-2624
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 2619-2624
    • Kitajka, K.1    Puskas, L.G.2    Zvara, A.3    Hackler Jr., L.4    Barcelo-Coblijn, G.5    Yeo, Y.K.6
  • 73
    • 55349149643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sesamin supplementation increases white muscle docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) containing vegetable oil: metabolic actions
    • Trattner S., Kamal-Eldin A., Brannas E., Moazzami A., Zlabek V., Larsson P., et al. Sesamin supplementation increases white muscle docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) containing vegetable oil: metabolic actions. Lipids 43 (2008) 989-997
    • (2008) Lipids , vol.43 , pp. 989-997
    • Trattner, S.1    Kamal-Eldin, A.2    Brannas, E.3    Moazzami, A.4    Zlabek, V.5    Larsson, P.6
  • 74
    • 55349130948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sesamin increases alpha-linolenic acid conversion to docosahexaenoic acid in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes: role of altered gene expression
    • Trattner S., Ruyter B., Ostbye T.K., Gjoen T., Zlabek V., Kamal-Eldin A., et al. Sesamin increases alpha-linolenic acid conversion to docosahexaenoic acid in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes: role of altered gene expression. Lipids 43 (2008) 999-1008
    • (2008) Lipids , vol.43 , pp. 999-1008
    • Trattner, S.1    Ruyter, B.2    Ostbye, T.K.3    Gjoen, T.4    Zlabek, V.5    Kamal-Eldin, A.6
  • 75
    • 38849151045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta6 desaturase mRNA abundance in HepG2 cells is suppressed by unsaturated fatty acids
    • Portolesi R., Powell B.C., and Gibson R.A. Delta6 desaturase mRNA abundance in HepG2 cells is suppressed by unsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 43 (2008) 91-95
    • (2008) Lipids , vol.43 , pp. 91-95
    • Portolesi, R.1    Powell, B.C.2    Gibson, R.A.3
  • 76
    • 0028845155 scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acid metabolism in cultured rat cardiomyocytes in response to either N-6 or N-3 fatty acid supplementation
    • Hrelia S., Lopez Jimenez J.A., Bordoni A., Nvarro S.Z., Horrobin D.F., Rossi C.A., et al. Essential fatty acid metabolism in cultured rat cardiomyocytes in response to either N-6 or N-3 fatty acid supplementation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 216 (1995) 11-19
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.216 , pp. 11-19
    • Hrelia, S.1    Lopez Jimenez, J.A.2    Bordoni, A.3    Nvarro, S.Z.4    Horrobin, D.F.5    Rossi, C.A.6
  • 77
    • 0022302720 scopus 로고
    • Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism
    • Sastry P.S. Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 24 (1985) 69-176
    • (1985) Prog Lipid Res , vol.24 , pp. 69-176
    • Sastry, P.S.1
  • 78
    • 0015211998 scopus 로고
    • Rapid uptake of (I- 14 C) acetate by the adult rat brain 15 seconds after carotid injection
    • Dhopeshwarkar G.A., Subramanian C., and Mead J.F. Rapid uptake of (I- 14 C) acetate by the adult rat brain 15 seconds after carotid injection. Biochim Biophys Acta 248 (1971) 41-47
    • (1971) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.248 , pp. 41-47
    • Dhopeshwarkar, G.A.1    Subramanian, C.2    Mead, J.F.3
  • 80
    • 0036737915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain astrocyte synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from n-3 fatty acids is limited at the elongation of docosapentaenoic acid
    • Innis S.M., and Dyer R.A. Brain astrocyte synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from n-3 fatty acids is limited at the elongation of docosapentaenoic acid. J Lipid Res 43 (2002) 1529-1536
    • (2002) J Lipid Res , vol.43 , pp. 1529-1536
    • Innis, S.M.1    Dyer, R.A.2
  • 81
    • 38849191797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol favors the formation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) from alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
    • Alessandri J.M., Extier A., Langelier B., Perruchot M.H., Heberden C., Guesnet P., et al. Estradiol favors the formation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) from alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Lipids 43 (2008) 19-28
    • (2008) Lipids , vol.43 , pp. 19-28
    • Alessandri, J.M.1    Extier, A.2    Langelier, B.3    Perruchot, M.H.4    Heberden, C.5    Guesnet, P.6
  • 82
    • 0028354272 scopus 로고
    • Diets rich in lean beef increase arachidonic acid and long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids
    • Sinclair A.J., Johnson L., O'Dea K., and Holman R.T. Diets rich in lean beef increase arachidonic acid and long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids. Lipids 29 (1994) 337-343
    • (1994) Lipids , vol.29 , pp. 337-343
    • Sinclair, A.J.1    Johnson, L.2    O'Dea, K.3    Holman, R.T.4
  • 83
    • 0034063784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dietary 18:3n-3 increases the 18:3n-3 but not the 22:6n-3 content in the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles of suckling rat pups
    • Bowen R.A., and Clandinin M.T. High dietary 18:3n-3 increases the 18:3n-3 but not the 22:6n-3 content in the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles of suckling rat pups. Lipids 35 (2000) 389-394
    • (2000) Lipids , vol.35 , pp. 389-394
    • Bowen, R.A.1    Clandinin, M.T.2
  • 84
    • 5644244809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into plasma and liver lipids of rats: importance of background dietary fat
    • MacDonald-Wicks L.K., and Garg M.L. Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into plasma and liver lipids of rats: importance of background dietary fat. Lipids 39 (2004) 545-551
    • (2004) Lipids , vol.39 , pp. 545-551
    • MacDonald-Wicks, L.K.1    Garg, M.L.2
  • 85
    • 0035703189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid lowers postprandial lipid levels with increase of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents in rat hepatic membrane
    • Kim H.K., and Choi H. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid lowers postprandial lipid levels with increase of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents in rat hepatic membrane. Lipids 36 (2001) 1331-1336
    • (2001) Lipids , vol.36 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Kim, H.K.1    Choi, H.2
  • 86
    • 0027261298 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory effects of individual n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on LDL transport in the rat
    • Spady D.K. Regulatory effects of individual n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on LDL transport in the rat. J Lipid Res 34 (1993) 1337-1346
    • (1993) J Lipid Res , vol.34 , pp. 1337-1346
    • Spady, D.K.1
  • 87
    • 33644874463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical effect of n-3-containing vegetable oils on long-chain n-3 fatty acids in rat heart
    • Cleland L.G., Gibson R.A., Pedler J., and James M.J. Paradoxical effect of n-3-containing vegetable oils on long-chain n-3 fatty acids in rat heart. Lipids 40 (2005) 995-998
    • (2005) Lipids , vol.40 , pp. 995-998
    • Cleland, L.G.1    Gibson, R.A.2    Pedler, J.3    James, M.J.4
  • 88
    • 35349003556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of dietary {alpha}-linolenic acid or decosahexaenoic acid on incorporation of decosahexaenoic acid in membranes and its influence on rat heart in vivo
    • Ayalew-Pervanchon A., Rousseau D., Moreau D., Assayag P., Weill P., and Grynberg A. Long-term effect of dietary {alpha}-linolenic acid or decosahexaenoic acid on incorporation of decosahexaenoic acid in membranes and its influence on rat heart in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293 (2007) H2296-H2304
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.293
    • Ayalew-Pervanchon, A.1    Rousseau, D.2    Moreau, D.3    Assayag, P.4    Weill, P.5    Grynberg, A.6
  • 89
    • 65349175927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of alpha-linolenic acid vs. docosahexaenoic acid supply on the distribution of fatty acids among the rat cardiac subcellular membranes after a short- or long-term dietary exposure
    • Brochot A., Guinot M., Macaire J.P., Weill P., Grynberg A., and Rousseau-Ralliard D. Effects of alpha-linolenic acid vs. docosahexaenoic acid supply on the distribution of fatty acids among the rat cardiac subcellular membranes after a short- or long-term dietary exposure. Nutr Metab (Lond) 6 (2009) 14
    • (2009) Nutr Metab (Lond) , vol.6 , pp. 14
    • Brochot, A.1    Guinot, M.2    Macaire, J.P.3    Weill, P.4    Grynberg, A.5    Rousseau-Ralliard, D.6
  • 90
    • 0033055142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid compared with docosahexaenoic acid on brain, retina, liver, and heart in the guinea pig
    • Abedin L., Lien E.L., Vingrys A.J., and Sinclair A.J. The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid compared with docosahexaenoic acid on brain, retina, liver, and heart in the guinea pig. Lipids 34 (1999) 475-482
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , pp. 475-482
    • Abedin, L.1    Lien, E.L.2    Vingrys, A.J.3    Sinclair, A.J.4
  • 91
    • 10044229531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary flaxseed protects against ventricular fibrillation induced by ischemia-reperfusion in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits
    • Ander B.P., Weber A.R., Rampersad P.P., Gilchrist J.S., Pierce G.N., and Lukas A. Dietary flaxseed protects against ventricular fibrillation induced by ischemia-reperfusion in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Nutr 134 (2004) 3250-3256
    • (2004) J Nutr , vol.134 , pp. 3250-3256
    • Ander, B.P.1    Weber, A.R.2    Rampersad, P.P.3    Gilchrist, J.S.4    Pierce, G.N.5    Lukas, A.6
  • 92
    • 0036737794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing DHA levels in piglets by lowering the linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid ratio
    • Blank C., Neumann M.A., Makrides M., and Gibson R.A. Optimizing DHA levels in piglets by lowering the linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid ratio. J Lipid Res 43 (2002) 1537-1543
    • (2002) J Lipid Res , vol.43 , pp. 1537-1543
    • Blank, C.1    Neumann, M.A.2    Makrides, M.3    Gibson, R.A.4
  • 93
    • 27144506172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can prenatal N-3 fatty acid deficiency be completely reversed after birth? Effects on retinal and brain biochemistry and visual function in rhesus monkeys
    • Anderson G.J., Neuringer M., Lin D.S., and Connor W.E. Can prenatal N-3 fatty acid deficiency be completely reversed after birth? Effects on retinal and brain biochemistry and visual function in rhesus monkeys. Pediatr Res 58 (2005) 865-872
    • (2005) Pediatr Res , vol.58 , pp. 865-872
    • Anderson, G.J.1    Neuringer, M.2    Lin, D.S.3    Connor, W.E.4
  • 94
    • 23844556959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding regimes affect fatty acid composition in Australian beef cattle
    • Mann N.J., Ponnampalam E.N., Yep Y., and Sinclair A.J. Feeding regimes affect fatty acid composition in Australian beef cattle. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12 Suppl. (2003) S38
    • (2003) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Mann, N.J.1    Ponnampalam, E.N.2    Yep, Y.3    Sinclair, A.J.4
  • 95
    • 0035291086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diets containing n-3 fatty acids on muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid content in lambs fed low- and medium-quality roughage diets
    • Ponnampalam E.N., Sinclairt A.J., Egan A.R., Blakeley S.J., and Leury B.J. Effect of diets containing n-3 fatty acids on muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid content in lambs fed low- and medium-quality roughage diets. J Anim Sci 79 (2001) 698-706
    • (2001) J Anim Sci , vol.79 , pp. 698-706
    • Ponnampalam, E.N.1    Sinclairt, A.J.2    Egan, A.R.3    Blakeley, S.J.4    Leury, B.J.5
  • 96
    • 0141606924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of including a ruminally protected lipid supplement in the diet on the fatty acid composition of beef muscle
    • Scollan N.D., Enser M., Gulati S.K., Richardson I., and Wood J.D. Effects of including a ruminally protected lipid supplement in the diet on the fatty acid composition of beef muscle. Br J Nutr 90 (2003) 709-716
    • (2003) Br J Nutr , vol.90 , pp. 709-716
    • Scollan, N.D.1    Enser, M.2    Gulati, S.K.3    Richardson, I.4    Wood, J.D.5
  • 97
    • 0035137447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulating the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle
    • Scollan N.D., Choi N.J., Kurt E., Fisher A.V., Enser M., and Wood J.D. Manipulating the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle. Br J Nutr 85 (2001) 115-124
    • (2001) Br J Nutr , vol.85 , pp. 115-124
    • Scollan, N.D.1    Choi, N.J.2    Kurt, E.3    Fisher, A.V.4    Enser, M.5    Wood, J.D.6
  • 98
    • 2442605594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of muscle and adipose tissue in lambs
    • Cooper S.L., Sinclair L.A., Wilkinson R.G., Hallett K.G., Enser M., and Wood J.D. Manipulation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of muscle and adipose tissue in lambs. J Anim Sci 82 (2004) 1461-1470
    • (2004) J Anim Sci , vol.82 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Cooper, S.L.1    Sinclair, L.A.2    Wilkinson, R.G.3    Hallett, K.G.4    Enser, M.5    Wood, J.D.6
  • 99
    • 3442901318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an n-3-deficient diet on brain, retina, and liver fatty acyl composition in artificially reared rats
    • Moriguchi T., Lim S.Y., Greiner R., Lefkowitz W., Loewke J., Hoshiba J., et al. Effects of an n-3-deficient diet on brain, retina, and liver fatty acyl composition in artificially reared rats. J Lipid Res 45 (2004) 1437-1445
    • (2004) J Lipid Res , vol.45 , pp. 1437-1445
    • Moriguchi, T.1    Lim, S.Y.2    Greiner, R.3    Lefkowitz, W.4    Loewke, J.5    Hoshiba, J.6
  • 100
    • 0035062627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency in the rat brain, retina, liver, and serum
    • Moriguchi T., Loewke J., Garrison M., Catalan J.N., and Salem Jr. N. Reversal of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency in the rat brain, retina, liver, and serum. J Lipid Res 42 (2001) 419-427
    • (2001) J Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 419-427
    • Moriguchi, T.1    Loewke, J.2    Garrison, M.3    Catalan, J.N.4    Salem Jr., N.5
  • 101
    • 0024537497 scopus 로고
    • Brain cell and tissue recovery in rats made deficient in n-3 fatty acids by alteration of dietary fat
    • Bourre J.M., Durand G., Pascal G., and Youyou A. Brain cell and tissue recovery in rats made deficient in n-3 fatty acids by alteration of dietary fat. J Nutr 119 (1989) 15-22
    • (1989) J Nutr , vol.119 , pp. 15-22
    • Bourre, J.M.1    Durand, G.2    Pascal, G.3    Youyou, A.4
  • 102
    • 0036213673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in neuron size in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient brain
    • Ahmad A., Moriguchi T., and Salem N. Decrease in neuron size in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient brain. Pediatr Neurol 26 (2002) 210-218
    • (2002) Pediatr Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 210-218
    • Ahmad, A.1    Moriguchi, T.2    Salem, N.3
  • 103
    • 0028922099 scopus 로고
    • Dietary canola oil modifies myocardial fatty acids and inhibits cardiac arrhythmias in rats
    • McLennan P.L., and Dallimore J.A. Dietary canola oil modifies myocardial fatty acids and inhibits cardiac arrhythmias in rats. J Nutr 125 (1995) 1003-1009
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 1003-1009
    • McLennan, P.L.1    Dallimore, J.A.2
  • 104
    • 22944436527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of breed on the deposition in beef muscle and adipose tissue of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Choi N., Enser M., Wood J.D., and Scollan N.D. Effect of breed on the deposition in beef muscle and adipose tissue of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anim Sci 71 (2000) 509-519
    • (2000) Anim Sci , vol.71 , pp. 509-519
    • Choi, N.1    Enser, M.2    Wood, J.D.3    Scollan, N.D.4
  • 105
    • 33644762837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of feeding systems on omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids in Australian beef cuts: potential impact on human health
    • Ponnampalam E.N., Mann N.J., and Sinclair A.J. Effect of feeding systems on omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids in Australian beef cuts: potential impact on human health. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15 (2006) 21-29
    • (2006) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 21-29
    • Ponnampalam, E.N.1    Mann, N.J.2    Sinclair, A.J.3
  • 106
    • 34247577752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic features of the rumen metabolism of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and linseed oil measured in vitro
    • Jouany J.P., Lassalas B., Doreau M., and Glasser F. Dynamic features of the rumen metabolism of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and linseed oil measured in vitro. Lipids 42 (2007) 351-360
    • (2007) Lipids , vol.42 , pp. 351-360
    • Jouany, J.P.1    Lassalas, B.2    Doreau, M.3    Glasser, F.4
  • 107
    • 37449032249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaxseed treatments to reduce biohydrogenation of alpha-linolenic acid by rumen microbes in cattle
    • Kronberg S.L., Scholljegerdes E.J., Barcelo-Coblijn G., and Murphy E.J. Flaxseed treatments to reduce biohydrogenation of alpha-linolenic acid by rumen microbes in cattle. Lipids 42 (2007) 1105-1111
    • (2007) Lipids , vol.42 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Kronberg, S.L.1    Scholljegerdes, E.J.2    Barcelo-Coblijn, G.3    Murphy, E.J.4
  • 108
    • 33747607488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonism prevents the onset of type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: a comparison with PPAR gamma agonism
    • Bergeron R., Yao J., Woods J.W., Zycband E.I., Liu C., Li Z., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonism prevents the onset of type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: a comparison with PPAR gamma agonism. Endocrinology 147 (2006) 4252-4262
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 4252-4262
    • Bergeron, R.1    Yao, J.2    Woods, J.W.3    Zycband, E.I.4    Liu, C.5    Li, Z.6
  • 109
    • 0042822095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activation prevents diabetes in OLETF rats: comparison with PPAR-gamma activation
    • Koh E.H., Kim M.S., Park J.Y., Kim H.S., Youn J.Y., Park H.S., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activation prevents diabetes in OLETF rats: comparison with PPAR-gamma activation. Diabetes 52 (2003) 2331-2337
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 2331-2337
    • Koh, E.H.1    Kim, M.S.2    Park, J.Y.3    Kim, H.S.4    Youn, J.Y.5    Park, H.S.6
  • 110
    • 0141593609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification by docosahexaenoic acid of age-induced alterations in gene expression and molecular composition of rat brain phospholipids
    • Barcelo-Coblijn G., Hogyes E., Kitajka K., Puskas L.G., Zvara A., Hackler Jr. L., et al. Modification by docosahexaenoic acid of age-induced alterations in gene expression and molecular composition of rat brain phospholipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 11321-11326
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 11321-11326
    • Barcelo-Coblijn, G.1    Hogyes, E.2    Kitajka, K.3    Puskas, L.G.4    Zvara, A.5    Hackler Jr., L.6
  • 111
    • 0034073777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake increases tissue alpha-linolenic acid content and apparent oxidation with little effect on tissue docosahexaenoic acid in the guinea pig
    • Fu Z., and Sinclair A.J. Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake increases tissue alpha-linolenic acid content and apparent oxidation with little effect on tissue docosahexaenoic acid in the guinea pig. Lipids 35 (2000) 395-400
    • (2000) Lipids , vol.35 , pp. 395-400
    • Fu, Z.1    Sinclair, A.J.2
  • 112
    • 25844523246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging and dietary n-3 fatty acids on rat brain phospholipids: focus on plasmalogens
    • Andre A., Juaneda P., Sebedio J.L., and Chardigny J.M. Effects of aging and dietary n-3 fatty acids on rat brain phospholipids: focus on plasmalogens. Lipids 40 (2005) 799-806
    • (2005) Lipids , vol.40 , pp. 799-806
    • Andre, A.1    Juaneda, P.2    Sebedio, J.L.3    Chardigny, J.M.4
  • 113
    • 33747407706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid in humans is influenced by the absolute amounts of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the diet and not by their ratio
    • Goyens P.L., Spilker M.E., Zock P.L., Katan M.B., and Mensink R.P. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid in humans is influenced by the absolute amounts of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the diet and not by their ratio. Am J Clin Nutr 84 (2006) 44-53
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.84 , pp. 44-53
    • Goyens, P.L.1    Spilker, M.E.2    Zock, P.L.3    Katan, M.B.4    Mensink, R.P.5
  • 114
    • 33846867711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Zhao G., Etherton T.D., Martin K.R., Gillies P.J., West S.G., and Kris-Etherton P.M. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007) 385-391
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.85 , pp. 385-391
    • Zhao, G.1    Etherton, T.D.2    Martin, K.R.3    Gillies, P.J.4    West, S.G.5    Kris-Etherton, P.M.6
  • 115
    • 0030038986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil
    • Caughey G.E., Mantzioris E., Gibson R.A., Cleland L.G., and James M.J. The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil. Am J Clin Nutr 63 (1996) 116-122
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.63 , pp. 116-122
    • Caughey, G.E.1    Mantzioris, E.2    Gibson, R.A.3    Cleland, L.G.4    James, M.J.5
  • 116
    • 3042680440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in men and women: nutritional and biological implications
    • Burdge G. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in men and women: nutritional and biological implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 7 (2004) 137-144
    • (2004) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.7 , pp. 137-144
    • Burdge, G.1
  • 117
    • 33845888225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors
    • Schwab U.S., Callaway J.C., Erkkila A.T., Gynther J., Uusitupa M.I., and Jarvinen T. Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors. Eur J Nutr 45 (2006) 470-477
    • (2006) Eur J Nutr , vol.45 , pp. 470-477
    • Schwab, U.S.1    Callaway, J.C.2    Erkkila, A.T.3    Gynther, J.4    Uusitupa, M.I.5    Jarvinen, T.6
  • 118
    • 20444401561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of alpha-linolenic acid and fish-oil on markers of cardiovascular risk in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype
    • Wilkinson P., Leach C., Ah-Sing E.E., Hussain N., Miller G.J., Millward D.J., et al. Influence of alpha-linolenic acid and fish-oil on markers of cardiovascular risk in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Atherosclerosis 181 (2005) 115-124
    • (2005) Atherosclerosis , vol.181 , pp. 115-124
    • Wilkinson, P.1    Leach, C.2    Ah-Sing, E.E.3    Hussain, N.4    Miller, G.J.5    Millward, D.J.6
  • 119
    • 0029831338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal subjects consuming physiological levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from flaxseed or fish oils have characteristic differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fatty acid levels
    • Layne K.S., Goh Y.K., Jumpsen J.A., Ryan E.A., Chow P., and Clandinin M.T. Normal subjects consuming physiological levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from flaxseed or fish oils have characteristic differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fatty acid levels. J Nutr 126 (1996) 2130-2140
    • (1996) J Nutr , vol.126 , pp. 2130-2140
    • Layne, K.S.1    Goh, Y.K.2    Jumpsen, J.A.3    Ryan, E.A.4    Chow, P.5    Clandinin, M.T.6
  • 120
    • 0034884757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans
    • Pawlosky R.J., Hibbeln J.R., Novotny J.A., and Salem Jr. N. Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res 42 (2001) 1257-1265
    • (2001) J Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 1257-1265
    • Pawlosky, R.J.1    Hibbeln, J.R.2    Novotny, J.A.3    Salem Jr., N.4
  • 121
    • 27244445146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults
    • Burdge G.C., and Calder P.C. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults. Reprod Nutr Dev 45 (2005) 581-597
    • (2005) Reprod Nutr Dev , vol.45 , pp. 581-597
    • Burdge, G.C.1    Calder, P.C.2
  • 122
    • 61849141189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans
    • Brenna J.T., Salem Jr. N., Sinclair A.J., and Cunnane S.C. Alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans. Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 80 (2009) 85-91
    • (2009) Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids , vol.80 , pp. 85-91
    • Brenna, J.T.1    Salem Jr., N.2    Sinclair, A.J.3    Cunnane, S.C.4
  • 123
    • 53149128413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats
    • DeMar Jr. J.C., DiMartino C., Baca A.W., Lefkowitz W., and Salem Jr. N. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats. J Lipid Res 49 (2008) 1963-1980
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , pp. 1963-1980
    • DeMar Jr., J.C.1    DiMartino, C.2    Baca, A.W.3    Lefkowitz, W.4    Salem Jr., N.5
  • 124
    • 63449106289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmental analysis of plasma and liver n-3 essential fatty acids in alcohol-dependent men during withdrawal
    • Pawlosky R.J., Hibbeln J.R., Herion D., Kleiner D.E., and Salem Jr. N. Compartmental analysis of plasma and liver n-3 essential fatty acids in alcohol-dependent men during withdrawal. J Lipid Res 50 (2009) 154-161
    • (2009) J Lipid Res , vol.50 , pp. 154-161
    • Pawlosky, R.J.1    Hibbeln, J.R.2    Herion, D.3    Kleiner, D.E.4    Salem Jr., N.5
  • 125
    • 0037371226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beef- and fish-based diets on the kinetics of n-3 fatty acid metabolism in human subjects
    • Pawlosky R.J., Hibbeln J.R., Lin Y., Goodson S., Riggs P., Sebring N., et al. Effects of beef- and fish-based diets on the kinetics of n-3 fatty acid metabolism in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 565-572
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 565-572
    • Pawlosky, R.J.1    Hibbeln, J.R.2    Lin, Y.3    Goodson, S.4    Riggs, P.5    Sebring, N.6
  • 126
    • 34147098363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmental analyses of plasma n-3 essential fatty acids among male and female smokers and nonsmokers
    • Pawlosky R.J., Hibbeln J.R., and Salem Jr. N. Compartmental analyses of plasma n-3 essential fatty acids among male and female smokers and nonsmokers. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 935-943
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , pp. 935-943
    • Pawlosky, R.J.1    Hibbeln, J.R.2    Salem Jr., N.3
  • 127
    • 0032928368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of docosahexaenoate accretion in brain and associated organs of neonatal baboons
    • Su H.M., Bernardo L., Mirmiran M., Ma X.H., Corso T.N., Nathanielsz P.W., et al. Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of docosahexaenoate accretion in brain and associated organs of neonatal baboons. Pediatr Res 45 (1999) 87-93
    • (1999) Pediatr Res , vol.45 , pp. 87-93
    • Su, H.M.1    Bernardo, L.2    Mirmiran, M.3    Ma, X.H.4    Corso, T.N.5    Nathanielsz, P.W.6
  • 128
    • 0027143636 scopus 로고
    • Elongation, desaturation, and esterification of essential fatty acids by fetal rat brain in vivo
    • Green P., and Yavin E. Elongation, desaturation, and esterification of essential fatty acids by fetal rat brain in vivo. J Lipid Res 34 (1993) 2099-2107
    • (1993) J Lipid Res , vol.34 , pp. 2099-2107
    • Green, P.1    Yavin, E.2
  • 129
    • 67650529118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging incorporation of circulating docosahexaenoic acid into the human brain using positron emission tomography
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Umhau JC, Zhou W, Carson RE, Rapoport SI, Polozova A, Demar J, et al. Imaging incorporation of circulating docosahexaenoic acid into the human brain using positron emission tomography. J Lipid Res 2008 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2008) J Lipid Res
    • Umhau, J.C.1    Zhou, W.2    Carson, R.E.3    Rapoport, S.I.4    Polozova, A.5    Demar, J.6
  • 130
    • 67449127220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-body synthesis-secretion rates of long-chain n-3 PUFAs from circulating unesterified {alpha}-linolenic acid in unanesthetized rats
    • Gao F., Kiesewetter D., Chang L., Ma K., Bell J.M., Rapoport S.I., et al. Whole-body synthesis-secretion rates of long-chain n-3 PUFAs from circulating unesterified {alpha}-linolenic acid in unanesthetized rats. J Lipid Res 50 (2009) 749-758
    • (2009) J Lipid Res , vol.50 , pp. 749-758
    • Gao, F.1    Kiesewetter, D.2    Chang, L.3    Ma, K.4    Bell, J.M.5    Rapoport, S.I.6
  • 131
    • 0033757278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workshop statement on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids
    • Simopoulos A.P., Leaf A., and Salem Jr. N. Workshop statement on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 63 (2000) 119-121
    • (2000) Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids , vol.63 , pp. 119-121
    • Simopoulos, A.P.1    Leaf, A.2    Salem Jr., N.3
  • 132
    • 39149105927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the atrial specific Kv1.5 channel by the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid
    • Guizy M., David M., Arias C., Zhang L., Cofan M., Ruiz-Gutierrez V., et al. Modulation of the atrial specific Kv1.5 channel by the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid. J Mol Cell Cardiol 44 (2008) 323-335
    • (2008) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 323-335
    • Guizy, M.1    David, M.2    Arias, C.3    Zhang, L.4    Cofan, M.5    Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.6
  • 134
    • 0020282951 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes
    • Foot M., Cruz T.F., and Clandinin M.T. Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes. Biochem J 208 (1982) 631-640
    • (1982) Biochem J , vol.208 , pp. 631-640
    • Foot, M.1    Cruz, T.F.2    Clandinin, M.T.3
  • 135
    • 0014601923 scopus 로고
    • Lipid composition of synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rat brain by zonal centrifugation
    • Cotman C., Blank M.L., Moehl A., and Snyder F. Lipid composition of synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rat brain by zonal centrifugation. Biochemistry 8 (1969) 4606-4612
    • (1969) Biochemistry , vol.8 , pp. 4606-4612
    • Cotman, C.1    Blank, M.L.2    Moehl, A.3    Snyder, F.4
  • 136
    • 0015517310 scopus 로고
    • The lipid composition of adult rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes
    • Breckenridge W.C., Gombos G., and Morgan I.G. The lipid composition of adult rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 266 (1972) 695-707
    • (1972) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.266 , pp. 695-707
    • Breckenridge, W.C.1    Gombos, G.2    Morgan, I.G.3
  • 138
    • 0018827974 scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain: implications for fatty acid requirements
    • Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., Leong S., Heim T., Swyer P.R., and Chance G.W. Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain: implications for fatty acid requirements. Early Hum Dev 4 (1980) 121-129
    • (1980) Early Hum Dev , vol.4 , pp. 121-129
    • Clandinin, M.T.1    Chappell, J.E.2    Leong, S.3    Heim, T.4    Swyer, P.R.5    Chance, G.W.6
  • 139
    • 0018886751 scopus 로고
    • Extrauterine fatty acid accretion in infant brain: implications for fatty acid requirements
    • Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., Leong S., Heim T., Swyer P.R., and Chance G.W. Extrauterine fatty acid accretion in infant brain: implications for fatty acid requirements. Early Hum Dev 4 (1980) 131-138
    • (1980) Early Hum Dev , vol.4 , pp. 131-138
    • Clandinin, M.T.1    Chappell, J.E.2    Leong, S.3    Heim, T.4    Swyer, P.R.5    Chance, G.W.6
  • 140
    • 0033064816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyunsaturated fatty acid status and neurodevelopment: a summary and critical analysis of the literature
    • Carlson S.E., and Neuringer M. Polyunsaturated fatty acid status and neurodevelopment: a summary and critical analysis of the literature. Lipids 34 (1999) 171-178
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , pp. 171-178
    • Carlson, S.E.1    Neuringer, M.2
  • 141
    • 0033777508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid concentration
    • Moriguchi T., Greiner R.S., and Salem Jr. N. Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid concentration. J Neurochem 75 (2000) 2563-2573
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.75 , pp. 2563-2573
    • Moriguchi, T.1    Greiner, R.S.2    Salem Jr., N.3
  • 142
    • 0025265676 scopus 로고
    • Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys
    • Connor W.E., Neuringer M., and Lin D.S. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J Lipid Res 31 (1990) 237-247
    • (1990) J Lipid Res , vol.31 , pp. 237-247
    • Connor, W.E.1    Neuringer, M.2    Lin, D.S.3
  • 143
    • 0026062323 scopus 로고
    • Effect of low intake of n-3 fatty acids during development on brain phospholipid fatty acid composition and exploratory behavior in rats
    • Enslen M., Milon H., and Malnoe A. Effect of low intake of n-3 fatty acids during development on brain phospholipid fatty acid composition and exploratory behavior in rats. Lipids 26 (1991) 203-208
    • (1991) Lipids , vol.26 , pp. 203-208
    • Enslen, M.1    Milon, H.2    Malnoe, A.3
  • 144
    • 0032497935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of docosahexaenoic acid and cholesterol on lateral lipid organization in phospholipid mixtures
    • Huster D., Arnold K., and Gawrisch K. Influence of docosahexaenoic acid and cholesterol on lateral lipid organization in phospholipid mixtures. Biochemistry 37 (1998) 17299-17308
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , pp. 17299-17308
    • Huster, D.1    Arnold, K.2    Gawrisch, K.3
  • 145
    • 0037088677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Jump D.B. The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 8755-8758
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 8755-8758
    • Jump, D.B.1
  • 146
    • 0031881028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular order and dynamics in bilayers consisting of highly polyunsaturated phospholipids
    • Mitchell D.C., and Litman B.J. Molecular order and dynamics in bilayers consisting of highly polyunsaturated phospholipids. Biophys J 74 (1998) 879-891
    • (1998) Biophys J , vol.74 , pp. 879-891
    • Mitchell, D.C.1    Litman, B.J.2
  • 147
    • 0021341436 scopus 로고
    • The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function
    • Stubbs C.D., and Smith A.D. The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. Biochim Biophys Acta 779 (1984) 89-137
    • (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.779 , pp. 89-137
    • Stubbs, C.D.1    Smith, A.D.2
  • 149
    • 0030997645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid compositions of colostrum, cord blood, maternal blood and major infant formulas in Japan
    • Young C., Hikita T., Kaneko S., Shimizu Y., Hanaka S., Abe T., et al. Fatty acid compositions of colostrum, cord blood, maternal blood and major infant formulas in Japan. Acta Paediatr Jpn 39 (1997) 299-304
    • (1997) Acta Paediatr Jpn , vol.39 , pp. 299-304
    • Young, C.1    Hikita, T.2    Kaneko, S.3    Shimizu, Y.4    Hanaka, S.5    Abe, T.6
  • 150
    • 0034474072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of mature breast milk according to the mothers diet during pregnancy
    • Moya M., Juste M., Cortes E., and Carratala F. Fatty acid composition of mature breast milk according to the mothers diet during pregnancy. Adv Exp Med Biol 478 (2000) 405-406
    • (2000) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.478 , pp. 405-406
    • Moya, M.1    Juste, M.2    Cortes, E.3    Carratala, F.4
  • 151
    • 0024263592 scopus 로고
    • Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of Inuit women consuming traditional foods
    • Innis S.M., and Kuhnlein H.V. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of Inuit women consuming traditional foods. Early Hum Dev 18 (1988) 185-189
    • (1988) Early Hum Dev , vol.18 , pp. 185-189
    • Innis, S.M.1    Kuhnlein, H.V.2
  • 152
    • 0002814233 scopus 로고
    • Lipids in human milk - composition and fat-soluble vitamins
    • Lebenthal E. (Ed), Raven Press, Ltd., New York
    • Jensen R. Lipids in human milk - composition and fat-soluble vitamins. In: Lebenthal E. (Ed). Textbook of gastroenterology and nutrition in infancy (1989), Raven Press, Ltd., New York 157-208
    • (1989) Textbook of gastroenterology and nutrition in infancy , pp. 157-208
    • Jensen, R.1
  • 153
    • 0019380029 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of human colostrum and mature breast milk
    • Gibson R.A., and Kneebone G.M. Fatty acid composition of human colostrum and mature breast milk. Am J Clin Nutr 34 (1981) 252-257
    • (1981) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.34 , pp. 252-257
    • Gibson, R.A.1    Kneebone, G.M.2
  • 154
    • 0026048644 scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acids in growth and development
    • Innis S.M. Essential fatty acids in growth and development. Prog Lipid Res 30 (1991) 39-103
    • (1991) Prog Lipid Res , vol.30 , pp. 39-103
    • Innis, S.M.1
  • 155
  • 156
    • 0028021727 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants
    • Makrides M., Neumann M.A., Byard R.W., Simmer K., and Gibson R.A. Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 60 (1994) 189-194
    • (1994) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.60 , pp. 189-194
    • Makrides, M.1    Neumann, M.A.2    Byard, R.W.3    Simmer, K.4    Gibson, R.A.5
  • 157
    • 0023025573 scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or formula
    • Carlson S.E., Rhodes P.G., and Ferguson M.G. Docosahexaenoic acid status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or formula. Am J Clin Nutr 44 (1986) 798-804
    • (1986) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 798-804
    • Carlson, S.E.1    Rhodes, P.G.2    Ferguson, M.G.3
  • 158
    • 0020264385 scopus 로고
    • The effect of variations in dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in human infants
    • Putnam J.C., Carlson S.E., DeVoe P.W., and Barness L.A. The effect of variations in dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in human infants. Am J Clin Nutr 36 (1982) 106-114
    • (1982) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 106-114
    • Putnam, J.C.1    Carlson, S.E.2    DeVoe, P.W.3    Barness, L.A.4
  • 159
    • 0033977932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth
    • Uauy R., Mena P., Wegher B., Nieto S., and Salem Jr. N. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth. Pediatr Res 47 (2000) 127-135
    • (2000) Pediatr Res , vol.47 , pp. 127-135
    • Uauy, R.1    Mena, P.2    Wegher, B.3    Nieto, S.4    Salem Jr., N.5
  • 160
    • 0022445141 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and functional effects of prenatal and postnatal omega 3 fatty acid deficiency on retina and brain in rhesus monkeys
    • Neuringer M., Connor W.E., Lin D.S., Barstad L., and Luck S. Biochemical and functional effects of prenatal and postnatal omega 3 fatty acid deficiency on retina and brain in rhesus monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 (1986) 4021-4025
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 4021-4025
    • Neuringer, M.1    Connor, W.E.2    Lin, D.S.3    Barstad, L.4    Luck, S.5
  • 161
    • 0021350358 scopus 로고
    • Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and visual loss in infant rhesus monkeys
    • Neuringer M., Connor W.E., Van Petten C., and Barstad L. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and visual loss in infant rhesus monkeys. J Clin Invest 73 (1984) 272-276
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 272-276
    • Neuringer, M.1    Connor, W.E.2    Van Petten, C.3    Barstad, L.4
  • 162
    • 0015765657 scopus 로고
    • Membrane fatty acids associated with the electrical response in visual excitation
    • Benolken R.M., Anderson R.E., and Wheeler T.G. Membrane fatty acids associated with the electrical response in visual excitation. Science 182 (1973) 1253-1254
    • (1973) Science , vol.182 , pp. 1253-1254
    • Benolken, R.M.1    Anderson, R.E.2    Wheeler, T.G.3
  • 163
    • 0030041215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the electroretinogram of the guinea pig
    • Weisinger H.S., Vingrys A.J., and Sinclair A.J. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the electroretinogram of the guinea pig. Lipids 31 (1996) 65-70
    • (1996) Lipids , vol.31 , pp. 65-70
    • Weisinger, H.S.1    Vingrys, A.J.2    Sinclair, A.J.3
  • 164
    • 0032578282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age
    • Willatts P., Forsyth J.S., DiModugno M.K., Varma S., and Colvin M. Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age. Lancet 352 (1998) 688-691
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 688-691
    • Willatts, P.1    Forsyth, J.S.2    DiModugno, M.K.3    Varma, S.4    Colvin, M.5
  • 165
    • 0034098652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of early dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants
    • Birch E.E., Garfield S., Hoffman D.R., Uauy R., and Birch D.G. A randomized controlled trial of early dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 42 (2000) 174-181
    • (2000) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 174-181
    • Birch, E.E.1    Garfield, S.2    Hoffman, D.R.3    Uauy, R.4    Birch, D.G.5
  • 166
    • 0032991279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutritional supplementation on infant neurobehavioral development and visual acuity
    • Jacobson S.W. Assessment of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutritional supplementation on infant neurobehavioral development and visual acuity. Lipids 34 (1999) 151-160
    • (1999) Lipids , vol.34 , pp. 151-160
    • Jacobson, S.W.1
  • 167
    • 0026538991 scopus 로고
    • Visual and brain function measurements in studies of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants
    • Uauy R., Birch E., Birch D., and Peirano P. Visual and brain function measurements in studies of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants. J Pediatr 120 (1992) S168-S180
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120
    • Uauy, R.1    Birch, E.2    Birch, D.3    Peirano, P.4
  • 168
    • 0021238259 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the fatty acid composition of rat brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes) and of subcellular fractions (myelin and synaptosomes) induced by a diet devoid of n-3 fatty acids
    • Bourre J.M., Pascal G., Durand G., Masson M., Dumont O., and Piciotti M. Alterations in the fatty acid composition of rat brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes) and of subcellular fractions (myelin and synaptosomes) induced by a diet devoid of n-3 fatty acids. J Neurochem 43 (1984) 342-348
    • (1984) J Neurochem , vol.43 , pp. 342-348
    • Bourre, J.M.1    Pascal, G.2    Durand, G.3    Masson, M.4    Dumont, O.5    Piciotti, M.6
  • 169
    • 0028180437 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary N-3 fatty acids upon the phospholipid molecular species of the monkey retina
    • Lin D.S., Anderson G.J., Connor W.E., and Neuringer M. Effect of dietary N-3 fatty acids upon the phospholipid molecular species of the monkey retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35 (1994) 794-803
    • (1994) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.35 , pp. 794-803
    • Lin, D.S.1    Anderson, G.J.2    Connor, W.E.3    Neuringer, M.4
  • 170
    • 0023131643 scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: evidence for influence of diet fat on selectivity of substrate for methylation in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes
    • Hargreaves K.M., and Clandinin M.T. Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: evidence for influence of diet fat on selectivity of substrate for methylation in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 918 (1987) 97-105
    • (1987) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.918 , pp. 97-105
    • Hargreaves, K.M.1    Clandinin, M.T.2
  • 171
    • 0025962015 scopus 로고
    • The role of n-3 essential fatty acids in brain and behavioral development: a cross-fostering study in the mouse
    • Wainwright P.E., Huang Y.S., Bulman-Fleming B., Mills D.E., Redden P., and McCutcheon D. The role of n-3 essential fatty acids in brain and behavioral development: a cross-fostering study in the mouse. Lipids 26 (1991) 37-45
    • (1991) Lipids , vol.26 , pp. 37-45
    • Wainwright, P.E.1    Huang, Y.S.2    Bulman-Fleming, B.3    Mills, D.E.4    Redden, P.5    McCutcheon, D.6
  • 172
    • 0023728910 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on lipid compositions and learning ability of rats. II. Discrimination process, extinction process, and glycolipid compositions
    • Yamamoto N., Hashimoto A., Takemoto Y., Okuyama H., Nomura M., Kitajima R., et al. Effect of the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on lipid compositions and learning ability of rats. II. Discrimination process, extinction process, and glycolipid compositions. J Lipid Res 29 (1988) 1013-1021
    • (1988) J Lipid Res , vol.29 , pp. 1013-1021
    • Yamamoto, N.1    Hashimoto, A.2    Takemoto, Y.3    Okuyama, H.4    Nomura, M.5    Kitajima, R.6
  • 173
    • 0026596404 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids in monkeys: fluid intake and urine concentration
    • Reisbick S., Neuringer M., Connor W.E., and Barstad L. Postnatal deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids in monkeys: fluid intake and urine concentration. Physiol Behav 51 (1992) 473-479
    • (1992) Physiol Behav , vol.51 , pp. 473-479
    • Reisbick, S.1    Neuringer, M.2    Connor, W.E.3    Barstad, L.4
  • 174
    • 0027976596 scopus 로고
    • Home cage behavior of rhesus monkeys with long-term deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids
    • Reisbick S., Neuringer M., Hasnain R., and Connor W.E. Home cage behavior of rhesus monkeys with long-term deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids. Physiol Behav 55 (1994) 231-239
    • (1994) Physiol Behav , vol.55 , pp. 231-239
    • Reisbick, S.1    Neuringer, M.2    Hasnain, R.3    Connor, W.E.4
  • 175
    • 0030915972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small changes of dietary (n-6) and (n-3)/fatty acid content ration alter phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition during development of neuronal and glial cells in rats
    • Jumpsen J., Lien E.L., Goh Y.K., and Clandinin M.T. Small changes of dietary (n-6) and (n-3)/fatty acid content ration alter phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition during development of neuronal and glial cells in rats. J Nutr 127 (1997) 724-731
    • (1997) J Nutr , vol.127 , pp. 724-731
    • Jumpsen, J.1    Lien, E.L.2    Goh, Y.K.3    Clandinin, M.T.4
  • 176
    • 0011697679 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metabolic factors on brain development
    • Brazier M. (Ed), Raven Press, New York
    • Balazs R., Lewis P.D., and Patel A.J. Effects of metabolic factors on brain development. In: Brazier M. (Ed). Growth and development of the brain (1975), Raven Press, New York
    • (1975) Growth and development of the brain
    • Balazs, R.1    Lewis, P.D.2    Patel, A.J.3
  • 177
    • 0017660674 scopus 로고
    • Gliogenesis during embryonic development in the rat
    • Das G.D. Gliogenesis during embryonic development in the rat. Experientia 33 (1977) 1648-1649
    • (1977) Experientia , vol.33 , pp. 1648-1649
    • Das, G.D.1
  • 179
    • 0029866221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the developing rodent brain
    • Pawlosky R.J., Ward G., and Salem Jr. N. Essential fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the developing rodent brain. Lipids 31 Suppl. (1996) S103-S107
    • (1996) Lipids , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Pawlosky, R.J.1    Ward, G.2    Salem Jr., N.3
  • 180
    • 11144271425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where does the developing brain obtain its docosahexaenoic acid? Relative contributions of dietary alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and body stores in the developing rat
    • Lefkowitz W., Lim S.Y., Lin Y., and Salem Jr. N. Where does the developing brain obtain its docosahexaenoic acid? Relative contributions of dietary alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and body stores in the developing rat. Pediatr Res 57 (2005) 157-165
    • (2005) Pediatr Res , vol.57 , pp. 157-165
    • Lefkowitz, W.1    Lim, S.Y.2    Lin, Y.3    Salem Jr., N.4
  • 181
    • 24344504501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal dietary 22: 6n-3 is more effective than 18: 3n-3 in increasing the 22: 6n-3 content in phospholipids of glial cells from neonatal rat brain
    • Bowen R.A., and Clandinin M.T. Maternal dietary 22: 6n-3 is more effective than 18: 3n-3 in increasing the 22: 6n-3 content in phospholipids of glial cells from neonatal rat brain. Br J Nutr 93 (2005) 601-611
    • (2005) Br J Nutr , vol.93 , pp. 601-611
    • Bowen, R.A.1    Clandinin, M.T.2
  • 182
    • 0029858805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is docosahexaenoic acid necessary in infant formula? Evaluation of high linolenate diets in the neonatal rat
    • Woods J., Ward G., and Salem Jr. N. Is docosahexaenoic acid necessary in infant formula? Evaluation of high linolenate diets in the neonatal rat. Pediatr Res 40 (1996) 687-694
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.40 , pp. 687-694
    • Woods, J.1    Ward, G.2    Salem Jr., N.3
  • 183
    • 0018372689 scopus 로고
    • Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt
    • Dobbing J., and Sands J. Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt. Early Hum Dev 3 (1979) 79-83
    • (1979) Early Hum Dev , vol.3 , pp. 79-83
    • Dobbing, J.1    Sands, J.2
  • 184
    • 0025730757 scopus 로고
    • Retina fatty acid composition of piglets fed from birth with a linoleic acid-rich vegetable-oil formula for infants
    • Hrboticky N., MacKinnon M.J., and Innis S.M. Retina fatty acid composition of piglets fed from birth with a linoleic acid-rich vegetable-oil formula for infants. Am J Clin Nutr 53 (1991) 483-490
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 483-490
    • Hrboticky, N.1    MacKinnon, M.J.2    Innis, S.M.3
  • 185
    • 0026590825 scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid in developing brain and retina of piglets fed high or low alpha-linolenate formula with and without fish oil
    • Arbuckle L.D., and Innis S.M. Docosahexaenoic acid in developing brain and retina of piglets fed high or low alpha-linolenate formula with and without fish oil. Lipids 27 (1992) 89-93
    • (1992) Lipids , vol.27 , pp. 89-93
    • Arbuckle, L.D.1    Innis, S.M.2
  • 186
    • 0030866991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants
    • Gibson R.A., Neumann M.A., and Makrides M. Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 51 (1997) 578-584
    • (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 578-584
    • Gibson, R.A.1    Neumann, M.A.2    Makrides, M.3
  • 187
    • 3242818918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake on incorporation of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids into plasma phospholipids of term infants
    • Sauerwald T.U., Hachey D.L., Jensen C.L., Chen H., Anderson R.E., and Heird W.C. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake on incorporation of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids into plasma phospholipids of term infants. Lipids 31 Suppl (1996) S131-S135
    • (1996) Lipids , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Sauerwald, T.U.1    Hachey, D.L.2    Jensen, C.L.3    Chen, H.4    Anderson, R.E.5    Heird, W.C.6
  • 189
    • 0029977186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The very low birth weight premature infant is capable of synthesizing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from linoleic and linolenic acids
    • Carnielli V.P., Wattimena D.J., Luijendijk I.H., Boerlage A., Degenhart H.J., and Sauer P.J. The very low birth weight premature infant is capable of synthesizing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from linoleic and linolenic acids. Pediatr Res 40 (1996) 169-174
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.40 , pp. 169-174
    • Carnielli, V.P.1    Wattimena, D.J.2    Luijendijk, I.H.3    Boerlage, A.4    Degenhart, H.J.5    Sauer, P.J.6
  • 190
    • 0026534481 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in infant formulas
    • Clark K.J., Makrides M., Neumann M.A., and Gibson R.A. Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in infant formulas. J Pediatr 120 (1992) S151-S158
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120
    • Clark, K.J.1    Makrides, M.2    Neumann, M.A.3    Gibson, R.A.4
  • 191
    • 0030706191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio on growth and visual function of term infants
    • Jensen C.L., Prager T.C., Fraley J.K., Chen H., Anderson R.E., and Heird W.C. Effect of dietary linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio on growth and visual function of term infants. J Pediatr 131 (1997) 200-209
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 200-209
    • Jensen, C.L.1    Prager, T.C.2    Fraley, J.K.3    Chen, H.4    Anderson, R.E.5    Heird, W.C.6
  • 192
    • 0030027009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical effects of dietary linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio in term infants
    • Jensen C.L., Chen H., Fraley J.K., Anderson R.E., and Heird W.C. Biochemical effects of dietary linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio in term infants. Lipids 31 (1996) 107-113
    • (1996) Lipids , vol.31 , pp. 107-113
    • Jensen, C.L.1    Chen, H.2    Fraley, J.K.3    Anderson, R.E.4    Heird, W.C.5
  • 193
    • 0031934096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inadequacy of the essential fatty acid content of present preterm feeds
    • Crawford M.A., Costeloe K., Ghebremeskel K., and Phylactos A. The inadequacy of the essential fatty acid content of present preterm feeds. Eur J Pediatr 157 Suppl. 1 (1998) S23-S27
    • (1998) Eur J Pediatr , vol.157 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Crawford, M.A.1    Costeloe, K.2    Ghebremeskel, K.3    Phylactos, A.4
  • 194
    • 0019744420 scopus 로고
    • Do low weight infants require nutrition with chain elongation-desaturation products of essential fatty acids?
    • Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., and Heim T. Do low weight infants require nutrition with chain elongation-desaturation products of essential fatty acids?. Prog Lipid Res 20 (1981) 901-904
    • (1981) Prog Lipid Res , vol.20 , pp. 901-904
    • Clandinin, M.T.1    Chappell, J.E.2    Heim, T.3
  • 196
    • 0024808074 scopus 로고
    • Requirements of newborn infants for long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., and van Aerde J.E. Requirements of newborn infants for long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Acta Paediatr Scand 351 Suppl. (1989) 63-71
    • (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.351 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 63-71
    • Clandinin, M.T.1    Chappell, J.E.2    van Aerde, J.E.3
  • 198
    • 0037324442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart Association
    • Kris-Etherton P.M., Harris W.S., and Appel L.J. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 (2003) 151-152
    • (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.23 , pp. 151-152
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M.1    Harris, W.S.2    Appel, L.J.3
  • 199
    • 0037137299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease
    • Kris-Etherton P.M., Harris W.S., and Appel L.J. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 106 (2002) 2747-2757
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2747-2757
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M.1    Harris, W.S.2    Appel, L.J.3
  • 200
    • 0019180368 scopus 로고
    • The composition of the Eskimo food in north western Greenland
    • Bang H.O., Dyerberg J., and Sinclair H.M. The composition of the Eskimo food in north western Greenland. Am J Clin Nutr 33 (1980) 2657-2661
    • (1980) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 2657-2661
    • Bang, H.O.1    Dyerberg, J.2    Sinclair, H.M.3
  • 201
    • 0018152134 scopus 로고
    • Eicosapentaenoic acid and prevention of thrombosis and atherosclerosis?
    • Dyerberg J., Bang H.O., Stoffersen E., Moncada S., and Vane J.R. Eicosapentaenoic acid and prevention of thrombosis and atherosclerosis?. Lancet 2 (1978) 117-119
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 117-119
    • Dyerberg, J.1    Bang, H.O.2    Stoffersen, E.3    Moncada, S.4    Vane, J.R.5
  • 202
    • 33644878048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease
    • Albert C.M., Oh K., Whang W., Manson J.E., Chae C.U., Stampfer M.J., et al. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease. Circulation 112 (2005) 3232-3238
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3232-3238
    • Albert, C.M.1    Oh, K.2    Whang, W.3    Manson, J.E.4    Chae, C.U.5    Stampfer, M.J.6
  • 203
    • 0030017720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States
    • Ascherio A., Rimm E.B., Giovannucci E.L., Spiegelman D., Stampfer M., and Willett W.C. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States. Bmj 313 (1996) 84-90
    • (1996) Bmj , vol.313 , pp. 84-90
    • Ascherio, A.1    Rimm, E.B.2    Giovannucci, E.L.3    Spiegelman, D.4    Stampfer, M.5    Willett, W.C.6
  • 204
    • 0033972318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease
    • Connor W.E. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (2000) 171S-175S
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71
    • Connor, W.E.1
  • 205
    • 0028235692 scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
    • de Lorgeril M., Renaud S., Mamelle N., Salen P., Martin J.L., Monjaud I., et al. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 343 (1994) 1454-1459
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1454-1459
    • de Lorgeril, M.1    Renaud, S.2    Mamelle, N.3    Salen, P.4    Martin, J.L.5    Monjaud, I.6
  • 206
    • 0032955055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study
    • de Lorgeril M., Salen P., Martin J.L., Monjaud I., Delaye J., and Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99 (1999) 779-785
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 779-785
    • de Lorgeril, M.1    Salen, P.2    Martin, J.L.3    Monjaud, I.4    Delaye, J.5    Mamelle, N.6
  • 207
    • 0034748162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between dietary linolenic acid and coronary artery disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
    • Djousse L., Pankow J.S., Eckfeldt J.H., Folsom A.R., Hopkins P.N., Province M.A., et al. Relation between dietary linolenic acid and coronary artery disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 74 (2001) 612-619
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.74 , pp. 612-619
    • Djousse, L.1    Pankow, J.S.2    Eckfeldt, J.H.3    Folsom, A.R.4    Hopkins, P.N.5    Province, M.A.6
  • 208
    • 0032949296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women
    • Hu F.B., Stampfer M.J., Manson J.E., Rimm E.B., Wolk A., Colditz G.A., et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr 69 (1999) 890-897
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , pp. 890-897
    • Hu, F.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Manson, J.E.3    Rimm, E.B.4    Wolk, A.5    Colditz, G.A.6
  • 209
    • 0037307256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Lemaitre R.N., King I.B., Mozaffarian D., Kuller L.H., Tracy R.P., and Siscovick D.S. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 319-325
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 319-325
    • Lemaitre, R.N.1    King, I.B.2    Mozaffarian, D.3    Kuller, L.H.4    Tracy, R.P.5    Siscovick, D.S.6
  • 210
    • 33749154105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review
    • Balk E.M., Lichtenstein A.H., Chung M., Kupelnick B., Chew P., and Lau J. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. Atherosclerosis 189 (2006) 19-30
    • (2006) Atherosclerosis , vol.189 , pp. 19-30
    • Balk, E.M.1    Lichtenstein, A.H.2    Chung, M.3    Kupelnick, B.4    Chew, P.5    Lau, J.6
  • 211
    • 0037369684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids on fasting lipoproteins, LDL size and post-prandial lipid metabolism in healthy subjects
    • Rivellese A.A., Maffettone A., Vessby B., Uusitupa M., Hermansen K., Berglund L., et al. Effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids on fasting lipoproteins, LDL size and post-prandial lipid metabolism in healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis 167 (2003) 149-158
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.167 , pp. 149-158
    • Rivellese, A.A.1    Maffettone, A.2    Vessby, B.3    Uusitupa, M.4    Hermansen, K.5    Berglund, L.6
  • 212
    • 6044233001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of fibric acid derivatives in the management of risk factors for coronary heart disease
    • Despres J.P., Lemieux I., and Robins S.J. Role of fibric acid derivatives in the management of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Drugs 64 (2004) 2177-2198
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 2177-2198
    • Despres, J.P.1    Lemieux, I.2    Robins, S.J.3
  • 213
    • 65349120595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA have differential effects on LDL fatty acid composition but similar effects on serum lipid profiles in normolipidemic humans
    • Egert S., Kannenberg F., Somoza V., Erbersdobler H.F., and Wahrburg U. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA have differential effects on LDL fatty acid composition but similar effects on serum lipid profiles in normolipidemic humans. J Nutr 139 (2009) 861-868
    • (2009) J Nutr , vol.139 , pp. 861-868
    • Egert, S.1    Kannenberg, F.2    Somoza, V.3    Erbersdobler, H.F.4    Wahrburg, U.5
  • 214
    • 53049103433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic effects of a high-fat diet enriched with virgin olive oil and a low-fat diet enriched with alpha-linolenic acid on postprandial endothelial function in healthy men
    • Fuentes F., Lopez-Miranda J., Perez-Martinez P., Jimenez Y., Marin C., Gomez P., et al. Chronic effects of a high-fat diet enriched with virgin olive oil and a low-fat diet enriched with alpha-linolenic acid on postprandial endothelial function in healthy men. Br J Nutr (2008) 1-7
    • (2008) Br J Nutr , pp. 1-7
    • Fuentes, F.1    Lopez-Miranda, J.2    Perez-Martinez, P.3    Jimenez, Y.4    Marin, C.5    Gomez, P.6
  • 215
    • 33751076302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaxseed oil supplementation does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentration or particle size in human subjects
    • Harper C.R., Edwards M.C., and Jacobson T.A. Flaxseed oil supplementation does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentration or particle size in human subjects. J Nutr 136 (2006) 2844-2848
    • (2006) J Nutr , vol.136 , pp. 2844-2848
    • Harper, C.R.1    Edwards, M.C.2    Jacobson, T.A.3
  • 216
    • 0023762651 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fish oil prevents ventricular fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion
    • McLennan P.L., Abeywardena M.Y., and Charnock J.S. Dietary fish oil prevents ventricular fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Am Heart J 116 (1988) 709-717
    • (1988) Am Heart J , vol.116 , pp. 709-717
    • McLennan, P.L.1    Abeywardena, M.Y.2    Charnock, J.S.3
  • 217
    • 0026642652 scopus 로고
    • Dietary lipid modulation of ventricular fibrillation threshold in the marmoset monkey
    • McLennan P.L., Bridle T.M., Abeywardena M.Y., and Charnock J.S. Dietary lipid modulation of ventricular fibrillation threshold in the marmoset monkey. Am Heart J 123 (1992) 1555-1561
    • (1992) Am Heart J , vol.123 , pp. 1555-1561
    • McLennan, P.L.1    Bridle, T.M.2    Abeywardena, M.Y.3    Charnock, J.S.4
  • 218
    • 0033545884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of sudden cardiac death by dietary pure omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs
    • Billman G.E., Kang J.X., and Leaf A. Prevention of sudden cardiac death by dietary pure omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs. Circulation 99 (1999) 2452-2457
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2452-2457
    • Billman, G.E.1    Kang, J.X.2    Leaf, A.3
  • 219
    • 0029000725 scopus 로고
    • Free, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce membrane electrical excitability in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
    • Kang J.X., Xiao Y.F., and Leaf A. Free, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce membrane electrical excitability in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 (1995) 3997-4001
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 3997-4001
    • Kang, J.X.1    Xiao, Y.F.2    Leaf, A.3
  • 220
    • 0029928093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that free polyunsaturated fatty acids modify Na+ channels by directly binding to the channel proteins
    • Kang J.X., and Leaf A. Evidence that free polyunsaturated fatty acids modify Na+ channels by directly binding to the channel proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 (1996) 3542-3546
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 3542-3546
    • Kang, J.X.1    Leaf, A.2
  • 221
    • 0036694375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of n-3 fatty acids with ion channels in excitable tissues
    • Leaf A., Xiao Y.F., and Kang J.X. Interactions of n-3 fatty acids with ion channels in excitable tissues. Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 67 (2002) 113-120
    • (2002) Prostag Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids , vol.67 , pp. 113-120
    • Leaf, A.1    Xiao, Y.F.2    Kang, J.X.3
  • 222
    • 0346494747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical possibilities for the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs
    • Varro A., Biliczki P., Iost N., Virag L., Hala O., Kovacs P., et al. Theoretical possibilities for the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs. Curr Med Chem 11 (2004) 1-11
    • (2004) Curr Med Chem , vol.11 , pp. 1-11
    • Varro, A.1    Biliczki, P.2    Iost, N.3    Virag, L.4    Hala, O.5    Kovacs, P.6
  • 223
    • 0028345418 scopus 로고
    • External blockade of the major cardiac delayed-rectifier K+ channel (Kv1.5) by polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Honore E., Barhanin J., Attali B., Lesage F., and Lazdunski M. External blockade of the major cardiac delayed-rectifier K+ channel (Kv1.5) by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994) 1937-1941
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 1937-1941
    • Honore, E.1    Barhanin, J.2    Attali, B.3    Lesage, F.4    Lazdunski, M.5
  • 224
    • 27644573871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid and heart rate variability in women examined for coronary artery disease
    • Christensen J.H., Schmidt E.B., Molenberg D., and Toft E. Alpha-linolenic acid and heart rate variability in women examined for coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 15 (2005) 345-351
    • (2005) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.15 , pp. 345-351
    • Christensen, J.H.1    Schmidt, E.B.2    Molenberg, D.3    Toft, E.4
  • 225
    • 0037051975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women
    • Hu F.B., Bronner L., Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J., Rexrode K.M., Albert C.M., et al. Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Jama 287 (2002) 1815-1821
    • (2002) Jama , vol.287 , pp. 1815-1821
    • Hu, F.B.1    Bronner, L.2    Willett, W.C.3    Stampfer, M.J.4    Rexrode, K.M.5    Albert, C.M.6
  • 226
    • 28044446988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acids and the prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Harper C.R., and Jacobson T.A. Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acids and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 96 (2005) 1521-1529
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 1521-1529
    • Harper, C.R.1    Jacobson, T.A.2
  • 228
    • 31144455960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alpha linolenic acid on cardiovascular risk markers: a systematic review
    • Wendland E., Farmer A., Glasziou P., and Neil A. Effect of alpha linolenic acid on cardiovascular risk markers: a systematic review. Heart 92 (2006) 166-169
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , pp. 166-169
    • Wendland, E.1    Farmer, A.2    Glasziou, P.3    Neil, A.4
  • 229
    • 0037393904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary linolenic acid and carotid atherosclerosis: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
    • Djousse L., Folsom A.R., Province M.A., Hunt S.C., and Ellison R.C. Dietary linolenic acid and carotid atherosclerosis: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 819-825
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 819-825
    • Djousse, L.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Province, M.A.3    Hunt, S.C.4    Ellison, R.C.5
  • 230
    • 0034827935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study
    • Oomen C.M., Ocke M.C., Feskens E.J., Kok F.J., and Kromhout D. Alpha-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 74 (2001) 457-463
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.74 , pp. 457-463
    • Oomen, C.M.1    Ocke, M.C.2    Feskens, E.J.3    Kok, F.J.4    Kromhout, D.5
  • 234
    • 0033957165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production
    • James M.J., Gibson R.A., and Cleland L.G. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (2000) 343S-348S
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71
    • James, M.J.1    Gibson, R.A.2    Cleland, L.G.3
  • 235
    • 0024489402 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells
    • Endres S., Ghorbani R., Kelley V.E., Georgilis K., Lonnemann G., van der Meer J.W., et al. The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. N Engl J Med 320 (1989) 265-271
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 265-271
    • Endres, S.1    Ghorbani, R.2    Kelley, V.E.3    Georgilis, K.4    Lonnemann, G.5    van der Meer, J.W.6
  • 236
    • 0025782730 scopus 로고
    • Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women
    • Meydani S.N., Endres S., Woods M.M., Goldin B.R., Soo C., Morrill-Labrode A., et al. Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women. J Nutr 121 (1991) 547-555
    • (1991) J Nutr , vol.121 , pp. 547-555
    • Meydani, S.N.1    Endres, S.2    Woods, M.M.3    Goldin, B.R.4    Soo, C.5    Morrill-Labrode, A.6
  • 237
    • 0037180771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in atherosclerosis
    • Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420 (2002) 868-874
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 868-874
    • Libby, P.1
  • 238
    • 0034681915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating markers of inflammation for vascular risk prediction. Are they ready for prime time?
    • Shah P. Circulating markers of inflammation for vascular risk prediction. Are they ready for prime time?. Circulation 105 (2000) 1758-1759
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1758-1759
    • Shah, P.1
  • 239
    • 0028861236 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Arend W.P., and Dayer J.M. Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 38 (1995) 151-160
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum , vol.38 , pp. 151-160
    • Arend, W.P.1    Dayer, J.M.2
  • 240
    • 0028143211 scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Elliott M.J., Maini R.N., Feldmann M., Kalden J.R., Antoni C., Smolen J.S., et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 344 (1994) 1105-1110
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1105-1110
    • Elliott, M.J.1    Maini, R.N.2    Feldmann, M.3    Kalden, J.R.4    Antoni, C.5    Smolen, J.S.6
  • 241
    • 0025374441 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects
    • Kremer J.M., Lawrence D.A., Jubiz W., DiGiacomo R., Rynes R., Bartholomew L.E., et al. Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects. Arthritis Rheum 33 (1990) 810-820
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 810-820
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Lawrence, D.A.2    Jubiz, W.3    DiGiacomo, R.4    Rynes, R.5    Bartholomew, L.E.6
  • 242
    • 33748868316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose supplementation with two different marine oils does not reduce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines in vivo
    • Murphy K.J., Galvin K., Kiely M., Morrissey P.A., Mann N.J., and Sinclair A.J. Low dose supplementation with two different marine oils does not reduce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines in vivo. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15 (2006) 418-424
    • (2006) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 418-424
    • Murphy, K.J.1    Galvin, K.2    Kiely, M.3    Morrissey, P.A.4    Mann, N.J.5    Sinclair, A.J.6
  • 243
    • 0035936802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis: the road ahead
    • Glass C.K., and Witztum J.L. Atherosclerosis: the road ahead. Cell 104 (2001) 503-516
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 503-516
    • Glass, C.K.1    Witztum, J.L.2
  • 244
    • 33748170670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum amyloid A: a marker of adiposity-induced low-grade inflammation but not of metabolic status
    • Poitou C., Coussieu C., Rouault C., Coupaye M., Cancello R., Bedel J.F., et al. Serum amyloid A: a marker of adiposity-induced low-grade inflammation but not of metabolic status. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14 (2006) 309-318
    • (2006) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.14 , pp. 309-318
    • Poitou, C.1    Coussieu, C.2    Rouault, C.3    Coupaye, M.4    Cancello, R.5    Bedel, J.F.6
  • 245
    • 0037469177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention
    • Ridker P.M. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 107 (2003) 363-369
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 363-369
    • Ridker, P.M.1
  • 246
    • 0028831871 scopus 로고
    • Differences exist in the relationships between dietary linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and their respective long-chain metabolites
    • Mantzioris E., James M.J., Gibson R.A., and Cleland L.G. Differences exist in the relationships between dietary linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and their respective long-chain metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr 61 (1995) 320-324
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 320-324
    • Mantzioris, E.1    James, M.J.2    Gibson, R.A.3    Cleland, L.G.4
  • 247
    • 0038463560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients
    • Rallidis L.S., Paschos G., Liakos G.K., Velissaridou A.H., Anastasiadis G., and Zampelas A. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients. Atherosclerosis 167 (2003) 237-242
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.167 , pp. 237-242
    • Rallidis, L.S.1    Paschos, G.2    Liakos, G.K.3    Velissaridou, A.H.4    Anastasiadis, G.5    Zampelas, A.6
  • 249
    • 0028170816 scopus 로고
    • Structure, regulation and function of NF-kappa B
    • Siebenlist U., Franzoso G., and Brown K. Structure, regulation and function of NF-kappa B. Annu Rev Cell Biol 10 (1994) 405-455
    • (1994) Annu Rev Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 405-455
    • Siebenlist, U.1    Franzoso, G.2    Brown, K.3
  • 251
    • 4043114874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake lowers C-reactive protein, but has no effect on markers of atherosclerosis
    • Bemelmans W.J., Lefrandt J.D., Feskens E.J., van Haelst P.L., Broer J., Meyboom-de Jong B., et al. Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake lowers C-reactive protein, but has no effect on markers of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 58 (2004) 1083-1089
    • (2004) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 1083-1089
    • Bemelmans, W.J.1    Lefrandt, J.D.2    Feskens, E.J.3    van Haelst, P.L.4    Broer, J.5    Meyboom-de Jong, B.6
  • 252
    • 34247515169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammation in morbidly obese subjects: response to oral supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid
    • Faintuch J., Horie L.M., Barbeiro H.V., Barbeiro D.F., Soriano F.G., Ishida R.K., et al. Systemic inflammation in morbidly obese subjects: response to oral supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid. Obes Surg 17 (2007) 341-347
    • (2007) Obes Surg , vol.17 , pp. 341-347
    • Faintuch, J.1    Horie, L.M.2    Barbeiro, H.V.3    Barbeiro, D.F.4    Soriano, F.G.5    Ishida, R.K.6
  • 253
    • 34447557739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory markers are not altered by an eight week dietary alpha-linolenic acid intervention in healthy abdominally obese adult males and females
    • Nelson T.L., Stevens J.R., and Hickey M.S. Inflammatory markers are not altered by an eight week dietary alpha-linolenic acid intervention in healthy abdominally obese adult males and females. Cytokine 38 (2007) 101-106
    • (2007) Cytokine , vol.38 , pp. 101-106
    • Nelson, T.L.1    Stevens, J.R.2    Hickey, M.S.3
  • 254
    • 0032571154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal content of n-6 and n-3 long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in the phosphoglycerides and cholesterol esters of parahippocampal cortex from Alzheimer's disease patients and its relationship to acetyl CoA content
    • Corrigan F.M., Horrobin D.F., Skinner E.R., Besson J.A., and Cooper M.B. Abnormal content of n-6 and n-3 long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in the phosphoglycerides and cholesterol esters of parahippocampal cortex from Alzheimer's disease patients and its relationship to acetyl CoA content. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 30 (1998) 197-207
    • (1998) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.30 , pp. 197-207
    • Corrigan, F.M.1    Horrobin, D.F.2    Skinner, E.R.3    Besson, J.A.4    Cooper, M.B.5
  • 256
    • 23944503308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion activates caspases and decreases NMDA receptors in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Calon F., Lim G.P., Morihara T., Yang F., Ubeda O., Salem Jr. N., et al. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion activates caspases and decreases NMDA receptors in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 22 (2005) 617-626
    • (2005) Eur J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 617-626
    • Calon, F.1    Lim, G.P.2    Morihara, T.3    Yang, F.4    Ubeda, O.5    Salem Jr., N.6
  • 257
    • 4444223956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid protects from dendritic pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
    • Calon F., Lim G.P., Yang F., Morihara T., Teter B., Ubeda O., et al. Docosahexaenoic acid protects from dendritic pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neuron 43 (2004) 633-645
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.43 , pp. 633-645
    • Calon, F.1    Lim, G.P.2    Yang, F.3    Morihara, T.4    Teter, B.5    Ubeda, O.6
  • 258
    • 31044440027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid-induced amelioration on impairment of memory learning in amyloid beta-infused rats relates to the decreases of amyloid beta and cholesterol levels in detergent-insoluble membrane fractions
    • Hashimoto M., Hossain S., Agdul H., and Shido O. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced amelioration on impairment of memory learning in amyloid beta-infused rats relates to the decreases of amyloid beta and cholesterol levels in detergent-insoluble membrane fractions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1738 (2005) 91-98
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1738 , pp. 91-98
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Hossain, S.2    Agdul, H.3    Shido, O.4
  • 259
    • 14944376646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates the impairment of spatial cognition learning ability in amyloid beta-infused rats
    • Hashimoto M., Tanabe Y., Fujii Y., Kikuta T., Shibata H., and Shido O. Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates the impairment of spatial cognition learning ability in amyloid beta-infused rats. J Nutr 135 (2005) 549-555
    • (2005) J Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 549-555
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Tanabe, Y.2    Fujii, Y.3    Kikuta, T.4    Shibata, H.5    Shido, O.6
  • 261
    • 0141835805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linolenic acid prevents neuronal cell death and paraplegia after transient spinal cord ischemia in rats
    • Lang-Lazdunski L., Blondeau N., Jarretou G., Lazdunski M., and Heurteaux C. Linolenic acid prevents neuronal cell death and paraplegia after transient spinal cord ischemia in rats. J Vasc Surg 38 (2003) 564-575
    • (2003) J Vasc Surg , vol.38 , pp. 564-575
    • Lang-Lazdunski, L.1    Blondeau, N.2    Jarretou, G.3    Lazdunski, M.4    Heurteaux, C.5
  • 262
    • 33646844063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids improve recovery, whereas omega-6 fatty acids worsen outcome, after spinal cord injury in the adult rat
    • King V.R., Huang W.L., Dyall S.C., Curran O.E., Priestley J.V., and Michael-Titus A.T. Omega-3 fatty acids improve recovery, whereas omega-6 fatty acids worsen outcome, after spinal cord injury in the adult rat. J Neurosci 26 (2006) 4672-4680
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 4672-4680
    • King, V.R.1    Huang, W.L.2    Dyall, S.C.3    Curran, O.E.4    Priestley, J.V.5    Michael-Titus, A.T.6
  • 263
    • 0035702885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n-3 Fatty acids and human health: defining strategies for public policy
    • Simopoulos A.P. n-3 Fatty acids and human health: defining strategies for public policy. Lipids 36 Suppl. (2001) S83-S89
    • (2001) Lipids , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Simopoulos, A.P.1
  • 265
    • 0031841272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of the Belgian diet: estimates derived from the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health
    • Staessen L., De Bacquer D., De Henauw S., De Backer G., and Van Peteghem C. Fatty acid composition of the Belgian diet: estimates derived from the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health. Ann Nutr Metab 42 (1998) 151-159
    • (1998) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.42 , pp. 151-159
    • Staessen, L.1    De Bacquer, D.2    De Henauw, S.3    De Backer, G.4    Van Peteghem, C.5
  • 266
    • 0031721704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin
    • de Deckere E.A., Korver O., Verschuren P.M., and Katan M.B. Health aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin. Eur J Clin Nutr 52 (1998) 749-753
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.52 , pp. 749-753
    • de Deckere, E.A.1    Korver, O.2    Verschuren, P.M.3    Katan, M.B.4
  • 267
    • 70350073719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foundation BN, editor. Hall, C, London; 1992.
    • Foundation BN, editor. Hall, C, London; 1992.
  • 268
    • 33746824712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n-3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits
    • Gebauer S.K., Psota T.L., Harris W.S., and Kris-Etherton P.M. n-3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits. Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006) 1526S-1535S
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83
    • Gebauer, S.K.1    Psota, T.L.2    Harris, W.S.3    Kris-Etherton, P.M.4
  • 271
    • 84855308878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • .
  • 272
    • 70350049967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SCRAihwnngsshaD
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SCRAihwnngsshaD.
  • 275
    • 0038308717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of fish vs. formulations leads to higher plasma concentrations of n-3 fatty acids
    • Visioli F., Rise P., Barassi M.C., Marangoni F., and Galli C. Dietary intake of fish vs. formulations leads to higher plasma concentrations of n-3 fatty acids. Lipids 38 (2003) 415-418
    • (2003) Lipids , vol.38 , pp. 415-418
    • Visioli, F.1    Rise, P.2    Barassi, M.C.3    Marangoni, F.4    Galli, C.5
  • 276
    • 0024454880 scopus 로고
    • n-3 Fatty acids in eggs from range-fed Greek chickens
    • Simopoulos A.P., and Salem Jr. N. n-3 Fatty acids in eggs from range-fed Greek chickens. N Engl J Med 321 (1989) 1412
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1412
    • Simopoulos, A.P.1    Salem Jr., N.2
  • 277
    • 0025122383 scopus 로고
    • Lower ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in cultured than in wild fish
    • van Vliet T., and Katan M.B. Lower ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in cultured than in wild fish. Am J Clin Nutr 51 (1990) 1-2
    • (1990) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 1-2
    • van Vliet, T.1    Katan, M.B.2
  • 279
    • 0032703429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary marine algae (Schizochytrium sp.) increases concentrations of conjugated linoleic, docosahexaenoic and transvaccenic acids in milk of dairy cows
    • Franklin S.T., Martin K.R., Baer R.J., Schingoethe D.J., and Hippen A.R. Dietary marine algae (Schizochytrium sp.) increases concentrations of conjugated linoleic, docosahexaenoic and transvaccenic acids in milk of dairy cows. J Nutr 129 (1999) 2048-2054
    • (1999) J Nutr , vol.129 , pp. 2048-2054
    • Franklin, S.T.1    Martin, K.R.2    Baer, R.J.3    Schingoethe, D.J.4    Hippen, A.R.5
  • 280
    • 0035528215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of omega-3 linolenic acid and linoleic acid to milk fat from flaxseed or Linola protected with formaldehyde
    • Goodridge J., Ingalls J.R., and Crow G.H. Transfer of omega-3 linolenic acid and linoleic acid to milk fat from flaxseed or Linola protected with formaldehyde. Can J Anim Sci 81 (2001) 525-532
    • (2001) Can J Anim Sci , vol.81 , pp. 525-532
    • Goodridge, J.1    Ingalls, J.R.2    Crow, G.H.3
  • 281
    • 0036527875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk production and composition, ovarian function, and prostaglandin secretion of dairy cows fed omega-3 fats
    • Petit H.V., Dewhurst R.J., Scollan N.D., Proulx J.G., Khalid M., Haresign W., et al. Milk production and composition, ovarian function, and prostaglandin secretion of dairy cows fed omega-3 fats. J Dairy Sci 85 (2002) 889-899
    • (2002) J Dairy Sci , vol.85 , pp. 889-899
    • Petit, H.V.1    Dewhurst, R.J.2    Scollan, N.D.3    Proulx, J.G.4    Khalid, M.5    Haresign, W.6
  • 282
    • 0034331723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets
    • French P., Stanton C., Lawless F., O'Riordan E.G., Monahan F.J., Caffrey P.J., et al. Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets. J Anim Sci 78 (2000) 2849-2855
    • (2000) J Anim Sci , vol.78 , pp. 2849-2855
    • French, P.1    Stanton, C.2    Lawless, F.3    O'Riordan, E.G.4    Monahan, F.J.5    Caffrey, P.J.6
  • 284
    • 0036583110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of muscle fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations of bison, beef cattle, elk, and chicken
    • Rule D., Broughton K.S., Shellito S.M., and Maiorano G. Comparison of muscle fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations of bison, beef cattle, elk, and chicken. J Anim Sci 80 (2002) 1202-1211
    • (2002) J Anim Sci , vol.80 , pp. 1202-1211
    • Rule, D.1    Broughton, K.S.2    Shellito, S.M.3    Maiorano, G.4
  • 285
    • 0035025111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on different sources of lipid
    • Scollan N., Dhanoa M.S., Choi N.J., Maeng W.J., Enser M., and Wood J.D. Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on different sources of lipid. J Agric Sci 136 (2001) 345-355
    • (2001) J Agric Sci , vol.136 , pp. 345-355
    • Scollan, N.1    Dhanoa, M.S.2    Choi, N.J.3    Maeng, W.J.4    Enser, M.5    Wood, J.D.6
  • 287
    • 0031114628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fish meal in beef cattle diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle
    • Mandell I., Buchanan-Smith J.G., Holub B.J., and Campbell C.P. Effects of fish meal in beef cattle diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. J Anim Sci 75 (1997) 910-919
    • (1997) J Anim Sci , vol.75 , pp. 910-919
    • Mandell, I.1    Buchanan-Smith, J.G.2    Holub, B.J.3    Campbell, C.P.4
  • 288
    • 0036518879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary lipid type on muscle fatty acid composition, carcass leanness, and meat toughness in lambs
    • Ponnampalam E.N., Sinclair A.J., Hosking B.J., and Egan A.R. Effects of dietary lipid type on muscle fatty acid composition, carcass leanness, and meat toughness in lambs. J Anim Sci 80 (2002) 628-636
    • (2002) J Anim Sci , vol.80 , pp. 628-636
    • Ponnampalam, E.N.1    Sinclair, A.J.2    Hosking, B.J.3    Egan, A.R.4
  • 289
    • 0036133792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid composition, retention and oxidation in fresh and completely trimmed beef muscles as affected by common culinary practices
    • Badiani A., Stipa S., Bitossi F., Gatta P.P., Vignola G., and Chizzolini R. Lipid composition, retention and oxidation in fresh and completely trimmed beef muscles as affected by common culinary practices. Meat Sci 60 (2002) 169-186
    • (2002) Meat Sci , vol.60 , pp. 169-186
    • Badiani, A.1    Stipa, S.2    Bitossi, F.3    Gatta, P.P.4    Vignola, G.5    Chizzolini, R.6
  • 290
    • 0003147715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cooking on the fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular lipid
    • Duckett S.K., and Wagner D.G. Effect of cooking on the fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular lipid. J Food Comp Anal 11 (1998) 357-362
    • (1998) J Food Comp Anal , vol.11 , pp. 357-362
    • Duckett, S.K.1    Wagner, D.G.2
  • 291
    • 0035612050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition, cooking loss and texture of beef patties from meat of bulls fed different fats
    • Scheeder M., Casutt M.M., Roulin M., Escher F., Dufey P.A., and Kreuzer M. Fatty acid composition, cooking loss and texture of beef patties from meat of bulls fed different fats. Meat Sci 58 (2001) 321-328
    • (2001) Meat Sci , vol.58 , pp. 321-328
    • Scheeder, M.1    Casutt, M.M.2    Roulin, M.3    Escher, F.4    Dufey, P.A.5    Kreuzer, M.6
  • 292
    • 0034418164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding linseed to increase the n-3 PUFA of pork: fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue, liver and sausages
    • Enser M., Richardson R.I., Wood J.D., Gill B.P., and Sheard P.R. Feeding linseed to increase the n-3 PUFA of pork: fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue, liver and sausages. Meat Sci 55 (2000) 201-212
    • (2000) Meat Sci , vol.55 , pp. 201-212
    • Enser, M.1    Richardson, R.I.2    Wood, J.D.3    Gill, B.P.4    Sheard, P.R.5
  • 293
    • 33750047204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding rapeseed oil to increase the n-3 PUFA of pork: fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue
    • Kralik G., Csapo J., and Crnjac T. Feeding rapeseed oil to increase the n-3 PUFA of pork: fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue. Acta Aliment 35 (2006) 251-258
    • (2006) Acta Aliment , vol.35 , pp. 251-258
    • Kralik, G.1    Csapo, J.2    Crnjac, T.3
  • 294
    • 45549106590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork as influenced by duration and time of dietary linseed or fish oil supplementation
    • Haak L., De Smet S., Fremaut D., Van Walleghem K., and Raes K. Fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork as influenced by duration and time of dietary linseed or fish oil supplementation. J Anim Sci 86 (2008) 1418-1425
    • (2008) J Anim Sci , vol.86 , pp. 1418-1425
    • Haak, L.1    De Smet, S.2    Fremaut, D.3    Van Walleghem, K.4    Raes, K.5
  • 295
    • 0642340457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, and meat quality in the growing pig
    • Kouba M., Enser M., Whittington F.M., Nute G.R., and Wood J.D. Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, and meat quality in the growing pig. J Anim Sci 81 (2003) 1967-1979
    • (2003) J Anim Sci , vol.81 , pp. 1967-1979
    • Kouba, M.1    Enser, M.2    Whittington, F.M.3    Nute, G.R.4    Wood, J.D.5
  • 296
    • 0031228576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of commercially manufactured omega-3 enriched pork products, haddock, and mackerel
    • Specht-Overholt S., Romans J.R., Marchello M.J., Izard R.S., Crews M.G., Simon D.M., et al. Fatty acid composition of commercially manufactured omega-3 enriched pork products, haddock, and mackerel. J Anim Sci 75 (1997) 2335-2343
    • (1997) J Anim Sci , vol.75 , pp. 2335-2343
    • Specht-Overholt, S.1    Romans, J.R.2    Marchello, M.J.3    Izard, R.S.4    Crews, M.G.5    Simon, D.M.6
  • 297
    • 0035320043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary modification of muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid on plasma insulin and lipid metabolites, carcass traits, and fat deposition in lambs
    • Ponnampalam E.N., Sinclair A.J., Egan A.R., Blakeley S.J., Li D., and Leury B.J. Effect of dietary modification of muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid on plasma insulin and lipid metabolites, carcass traits, and fat deposition in lambs. J Anim Sci 79 (2001) 895-903
    • (2001) J Anim Sci , vol.79 , pp. 895-903
    • Ponnampalam, E.N.1    Sinclair, A.J.2    Egan, A.R.3    Blakeley, S.J.4    Li, D.5    Leury, B.J.6
  • 298
    • 0036946555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue
    • Wachira A.M., Sinclair L.A., Wilkinson R.G., Enser M., Wood J.D., and Fisher A.V. Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 88 (2002) 697-709
    • (2002) Br J Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 697-709
    • Wachira, A.M.1    Sinclair, L.A.2    Wilkinson, R.G.3    Enser, M.4    Wood, J.D.5    Fisher, A.V.6
  • 299
    • 0027356693 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary full-fat flax seed with and without antioxidant on the fatty acid composition of major lipid classes of chicken meats
    • Ajuyah A.O., Hardin R.T., and Sim J.S. Effect of dietary full-fat flax seed with and without antioxidant on the fatty acid composition of major lipid classes of chicken meats. Poult Sci 72 (1993) 125-136
    • (1993) Poult Sci , vol.72 , pp. 125-136
    • Ajuyah, A.O.1    Hardin, R.T.2    Sim, J.S.3
  • 300
    • 0035624485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids
    • González-Esquerra R., and Leeson S. Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids. Can J Anim Sci 81 (2001) 295-305
    • (2001) Can J Anim Sci , vol.81 , pp. 295-305
    • González-Esquerra, R.1    Leeson, S.2
  • 301
    • 0347513287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical approach to increasing intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: use of novel foods enriched with n-3 fats
    • Metcalf R.G., James M.J., Mantzioris E., and Cleland L.G. A practical approach to increasing intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: use of novel foods enriched with n-3 fats. Eur J Clin Nutr 57 (2003) 1605-1612
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.57 , pp. 1605-1612
    • Metcalf, R.G.1    James, M.J.2    Mantzioris, E.3    Cleland, L.G.4
  • 302
    • 84855327613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Research Service, USA, accessed 07.07.09
    • Agricultural Research Service, USA. [accessed 07.07.09].
  • 303
    • 33847627464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild berries: a good source of omega-3
    • Bere E. Wild berries: a good source of omega-3. Eur J Clin Nutr 61 (2007) 431-433
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 431-433
    • Bere, E.1
  • 304
    • 0036796214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alpha-linolenic acid-rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Karvonen H.M., Aro A., Tapola N.S., Salminen I., Uusitupa M.I., and Sarkkinen E.S. Effect of alpha-linolenic acid-rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Metabolism 51 (2002) 1253-1260
    • (2002) Metabolism , vol.51 , pp. 1253-1260
    • Karvonen, H.M.1    Aro, A.2    Tapola, N.S.3    Salminen, I.4    Uusitupa, M.I.5    Sarkkinen, E.S.6
  • 305
    • 84855302755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISSFAL, International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and, accessed 01.07.09
    • ISSFAL, International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. [accessed 01.07.09].
    • Lipids
  • 308
    • 70350076896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Council of the Netherlands. Guidelines for a healthy diet 2006. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2006; publication no. 2006/21E.
    • Health Council of the Netherlands. Guidelines for a healthy diet 2006. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2006; publication no. 2006/21E.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.