메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 103-122

Treatments for stroke

Author keywords

Cerebral ischaemia; Neuroprotection; Neurorecovery; Neuroregeneration; Stroke; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID PLUS DIPYRIDAMOLE; ALTEPLASE; ARGATROBAN; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CITICOLINE; CLOPIDOGREL; DEXANABINOL; EBSELEN; ERYTHROPOIETIN; HARMOKISANE; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MAGNESIUM; MEMANTINE; MONTEPLASE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PAMITEPLASE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PIRACETAM; PROLYSE; REPINOTAN; RETEPLASE; SARUPLASE; TENECTEPLASE; TICLOPIDINE; TIZANIDINE; TRAXOPRODIL; TRIFLUSAL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; WARFARIN;

EID: 0037643385     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.8.1.103     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (180)
  • 1
    • 0032952809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults
    • ROSAMOND WD, FOLSOM AR, CHAMBLESS LI et al.: Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults. Stroke (1999) 30:736-743.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 736-743
    • Rosamond, W.D.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Chambless, L.I.3
  • 2
    • 0030983708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global burden of disease study
    • MURRAY CJL, LOPEZ AD: Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet (1997) 349:1269-1276.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1269-1276
    • Murray, C.J.L.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 3
    • 0032735073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and occurrence of total (first-ever and recurrent) stroke
    • WILLIAMS GR, JIANG JG, MATCHAR DB, SAMSA GP: The incidence and occurrence of total (first-ever and recurrent) stroke. Stroke (2000) 31:2523-2528.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2523-2528
    • Williams, G.R.1    Jiang, J.G.2    Matchar, D.B.3    Samsa, G.P.4
  • 4
    • 0033598606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: Evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations
    • HANKEY GJ, WARLOW CP: Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations. Lancet (1999) 354:1457-1463.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1457-1463
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Warlow, C.P.2
  • 6
    • 0032744573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: Controlled trials and clinical experience
    • HACKE W, BROTT T, CAPLAN LR et al.: Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: controlled trials and clinical experience. Neurology (1999) 53(Suppl.):S3-S14.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hacke, W.1    Brott, T.2    Caplan, L.R.3
  • 7
    • 0034983276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in acute ischemic stroke trials through the 20th century
    • KIDWELL CS, LIEBESKIND DS, STARKMAN S, SAVER JL: Trends in acute ischemic stroke trials through the 20th century. Stroke (2001) 32:1349-1359.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1349-1359
    • Kidwell, C.S.1    Liebeskind, D.S.2    Starkman, S.3    Saver, J.L.4
  • 8
    • 0034855790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke - A review. Part I - Intravenous thrombolysis
    • SCHELLINGER PD, FIEBACH JB, MOHR A, RINGLEB MD, JANSEN O, HACKE W: Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke - a review. Part I - intravenous thrombolysis. Crit. Care Med. (2001) 29:1812-1818. Comprehensive review of clinical trials of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke.
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 1812-1818
    • Schellinger, P.D.1    Fiebach, J.B.2    Mohr, A.3    Ringleb, M.D.4    Jansen, O.5    Hacke, W.6
  • 9
    • 0033485522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (Alteplase) for ischemic stroke 3 to 5 hours after symptom onset. The ATLANTIS study: A randomized controlled trial. Alteplase thrombolysis for acute noninterventional therapy in ischemic stroke
    • CLARK WM, WISSMAN S, ALBERS GW, JHAMANDAS JH, MADDEN KP, HAMILTON S: Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (Alteplase) for ischemic stroke 3 to 5 hours after symptom onset. The ATLANTIS study: a randomized controlled trial. Alteplase thrombolysis for acute noninterventional therapy in ischemic stroke. JAMA (1999) 282:2019-2126.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 2019-2126
    • Clark, W.M.1    Wissman, S.2    Albers, G.W.3    Jhamandas, J.H.4    Madden, K.P.5    Hamilton, S.6
  • 10
    • 0037163461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolysis for acute stroke in routine clinical practice
    • BRAVATA DM, KIM N, CONCATO J et al.: Thrombolysis for acute stroke in routine clinical practice. Arch. Int. Med. (2002) 162:1994-2001.
    • (2002) Arch. Int. Med. , vol.162 , pp. 1994-2001
    • Bravata, D.M.1    Kim, N.2    Concato, J.3
  • 11
    • 0030985284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAST: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke
    • CHEN ZM, COLLINS R, LIU LS, PAN HC, PETO R: CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet (1997) 349:1641-1649.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1641-1649
    • Chen, Z.M.1    Collins, R.2    Liu, L.S.3    Pan, H.C.4    Peto, R.5
  • 12
    • 0031787520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke
    • ALBERS GW, EASTON JD, SACCO RL, TEAL P: Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. Chest (1998) 114:S683-S698. Comprehensive review of clinical trials of antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapies for stroke.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114
    • Albers, G.W.1    Easton, J.D.2    Sacco, R.L.3    Teal, P.4
  • 13
    • 0030911057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The international stroke trial (IST): A randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke
    • SANDERCOCK P, COLLINS R, COUNSELL C et al.: The international stroke trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet (1997) 349:1569-1581. Clinical trial which demonstrates that aspirin, but not heparin, has some efficacy for treatment of acute stroke.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1569-1581
    • Sandercock, P.1    Collins, R.2    Counsell, C.3
  • 14
    • 0033933547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids in acute ischemic stroke
    • BATH PMW, IDDENDEN R, BATH FJ: Low molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke (2000) 31:1770-1778. Meta-analysis of clinical trials which demonstrates lack of efficacy of low molecular-weight heparins for acute stroke.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1770-1778
    • Bath, P.M.W.1    Iddenden, R.2    Bath, F.J.3
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0034884152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke
    • GELBER DA, GOOD DC, DROMERICK A, SERGAY S, RICHARDSON M: Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. Stroke (2001) 32:1841-1846.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1841-1846
    • Gelber, D.A.1    Good, D.C.2    Dromerick, A.3    Sergay, S.4    Richardson, M.5
  • 17
    • 0037043682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after a stroke
    • BRASHEAR A, GORDON MF, ELOVIC E et al.: Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after a stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347:395-400.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 395-400
    • Brashear, A.1    Gordon, M.F.2    Elovic, E.3
  • 18
    • 0036327146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular dementia revisited: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention
    • ROMAN GC: Vascular dementia revisited: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Med. Clin. North Am. (2002) 86:477-499. Comprehensive review of emerging treatments of vascular dementia.
    • (2002) Med. Clin. North Am. , vol.86 , pp. 477-499
    • Roman, G.C.1
  • 20
    • 0027364283 scopus 로고
    • Effect of CDP-choline on cognition and immune function in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia
    • CACEBELOS R, ALVAREZ XA, FRANCO-MASIDE A et al.: Effect of CDP-choline on cognition and immune function in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1993) 695:321-323.
    • (1993) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.695 , pp. 321-323
    • Cacebelos, R.1    Alvarez, X.A.2    Franco-Maside, A.3
  • 21
    • 0033202701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic rationale for memantine in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, especially vascular dementia
    • MOBIUS HJ, STOFFLER A: Pharmacologic rationale for memantine in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, especially vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. (1999) 13(Suppl. 3):S172-S178.
    • (1999) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Mobius, H.J.1    Stoffler, A.2
  • 22
    • 0030846507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke prevention - Windows of opportunity and failed expectations - A discussion of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and a prevention proposal
    • GORELICK PB: Stroke prevention - windows of opportunity and failed expectations - a discussion of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and a prevention proposal. Neuroepidemiol. (1997) 16:163-173.
    • (1997) Neuroepidemiol. , vol.16 , pp. 163-173
    • Gorelick, P.B.1
  • 23
    • 0037160928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: Double blind randomised trial
    • BOSCH J, YUSUF S, POGUE J et al.: Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial. Br. Med. Bull. (2002) 324:699-703.
    • (2002) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.324 , pp. 699-703
    • Bosch, J.1    Yusuf, S.2    Pogue, J.3
  • 24
    • 0038367784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New horizons for stroke prevention: PROGRESS and HOPE
    • GORELICK PB: New horizons for stroke prevention: PROGRESS and HOPE. Lancet Neurol. (2002) 1:149-156.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurol. , vol.1 , pp. 149-156
    • Gorelick, P.B.1
  • 25
    • 0035124747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary stroke prevention
    • DE FREITAS GR, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J: Primary stroke prevention. Eur. J. Neurol. (2001) 8:1-15. Reviews stroke risk factors and stroke prevention clinical trials.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Neurol. , vol.8 , pp. 1-15
    • De Freitas, G.R.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2
  • 26
    • 0028120906 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
    • COLLINS R, PETO R, BAIGENT C et al.: Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Br. Med. J. (1994) 308:81-106.
    • (1994) Br. Med. J. , vol.308 , pp. 81-106
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    Baigent, C.3
  • 27
    • 0032557171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising stroke rates spur efforts to indentify risks, prevent disease
    • STEPHENSON J: Rising stroke rates spur efforts to indentify risks, prevent disease. JAMA (1998) 279:1239-1240.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1239-1240
    • Stephenson, J.1
  • 28
    • 0033199996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view
    • DIRNAGL U, IADECOLA C, MOSKOWITZ MA: Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. (1999) 22:391-397. Good overview of the ischaemic cascade.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 391-397
    • Dirnagl, U.1    Iadecola, C.2    Moskowitz, M.A.3
  • 29
    • 0036326170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovascular disease
    • FRIJNS CJM, KAPPELLE LJ: Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke (2002) 33:2115-2122. Review of the role of cell adhesion molecules in cerebral ischaemia.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2115-2122
    • Frijns, C.J.M.1    Kappelle, L.J.2
  • 30
    • 0031718663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions
    • STOLL G, JANDER S, SCHROETER M: Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions. Prog. Neurobiol. (1998) 56:149-171. Review of the inflammatory response following focal cerebral ischaemia.
    • (1998) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.56 , pp. 149-171
    • Stoll, G.1    Jander, S.2    Schroeter, M.3
  • 32
    • 0021683344 scopus 로고
    • The profile of recovery from stroke and factors influencing outcome
    • KOTILA M, WALTIMO O, NIEMI ML, LAAKSONEN R, LEMPINEN M: The profile of recovery from stroke and factors influencing outcome. Stroke (1984) 15:1039-1044.
    • (1984) Stroke , vol.15 , pp. 1039-1044
    • Kotila, M.1    Waltimo, O.2    Niemi, M.L.3    Laaksonen, R.4    Lempinen, M.5
  • 33
    • 0028808693 scopus 로고
    • Neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis and behavioural recovery after neocortical infarction in rats
    • STROEMER RP, KENT TA, HULSEBOSCH CE: Neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis and behavioural recovery after neocortical infarction in rats. Stroke (1995) 26:2135-2144.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 2135-2144
    • Stroemer, R.P.1    Kent, T.A.2    Hulsebosch, C.E.3
  • 34
    • 0030760175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracisternal basic fibroblast growth factor enhances functional recovery and up-regulates the expression of a molecular marker of neuronal sprouting following focal cerebral infarction
    • KAWAMATA T, DIETRICH WD, SCHALLERT T et al.: Intracisternal basic fibroblast growth factor enhances functional recovery and up-regulates the expression of a molecular marker of neuronal sprouting following focal cerebral infarction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1997) 94:8179-8184.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.94 , pp. 8179-8184
    • Kawamata, T.1    Dietrich, W.D.2    Schallert, T.3
  • 35
    • 0036196245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery and neuroanatomical plasticity following middle cerebral artery occlusion and IN-1 antibody treatment in the adult rat
    • PAPADOPOULOS CM, TSAI S-Y, ALSBIEI T et al.: Functional recovery and neuroanatomical plasticity following middle cerebral artery occlusion and IN-1 antibody treatment in the adult rat. Ann. Neurol. (2002) 51:433-441. Demonstration of promotion of plasticity and functional recovery in a rat model of stroke following blockade of a myelin-associated inhibitory protein.
    • (2002) Ann. Neurol. , vol.51 , pp. 433-441
    • Papadopoulos, C.M.1    Tsai, S.-Y.2    Alsbiei, T.3
  • 36
    • 0034725801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third-generation thrombolytic drugs
    • VERSTRAETE M: Third-generation thrombolytic drugs. Am. J. Med. (2000) 109:52-58. Review of emerging thrombolytic agents.
    • (2000) Am. J. Med. , vol.109 , pp. 52-58
    • Verstraete, M.1
  • 37
    • 0038367786 scopus 로고
    • Pro-urokinase: A study of its stability in plasma and of a mechanism for its selective fibrinolytic effect
    • PANNELL R, GUREWICH V: Pro-urokinase: a study of its stability in plasma and of a mechanism for its selective fibrinolytic effect. Blood (1986) 44:217-228.
    • (1986) Blood , vol.44 , pp. 217-228
    • Pannell, R.1    Gurewich, V.2
  • 38
    • 0034840614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke - A review. Part II - Intra-arterial thromolysis, vertebrobasilar stroke, Phase IV trials, and stroke imaging
    • SCHELLINGER PD, FIEBACH JB, MOHR A, RINGLEB PA, JANSEN O, HACKE W: Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke - a review. Part II - intra-arterial thromolysis, vertebrobasilar stroke, Phase IV trials, and stroke imaging. Crit. Care Med. (2001) 29:1819-1825. Comprehensive review of clinical trials of intra-arterial thrombolysis.
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 1819-1825
    • Schellinger, P.D.1    Fiebach, J.B.2    Mohr, A.3    Ringleb, P.A.4    Jansen, O.5    Hacke, W.6
  • 39
    • 4243717171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European stroke treatment with Ancrod trial (ESTAT) - Initial results
    • HENNERICI MG, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, LENZI GL, ORGOGOZO GM: European stroke treatment with Ancrod trial (ESTAT) - initial results. J. Neurosci. (2001) 187(Suppl. 1):S436.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.187 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Hennerici, M.G.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2    Lenzi, G.L.3    Orgogozo, G.M.4
  • 40
    • 0036158760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Factor IX(a) is protective in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke
    • TOOMEY JR, VALOCIK RE, KOSTER PF et al.: Inhibition of Factor IX(a) is protective in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke. Stroke (2002) 33:578-585.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 578-585
    • Toomey, J.R.1    Valocik, R.E.2    Koster, P.F.3
  • 43
    • 0036054502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis of acute schemic stroke with or without intravenous abciximab: A pilot study
    • LEE DH, JO KD, KIM HG et al.: Local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis of acute schemic stroke with or without intravenous abciximab: a pilot study. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. (2002) 13:769-773.
    • (2002) J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. , vol.13 , pp. 769-773
    • Lee, D.H.1    Jo, K.D.2    Kim, H.G.3
  • 44
    • 0033652990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of endothelial function in the pathogenesis of stroke: The importance of endothelin
    • VOLPE M, COSENTINO F: Abnormalities of endothelial function in the pathogenesis of stroke: the importance of endothelin. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (2000) 35(Suppl. 2):S45-S48.
    • (2000) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Volpe, M.1    Cosentino, F.2
  • 45
    • 0029745602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin receptor antagonist increases cerebral perfusion and reduces ischaemic damage in feline focal cerebral ischaemia
    • PATEL TR, GALBRAITH S, GRAHAM DI et al.: Endothelin receptor antagonist increases cerebral perfusion and reduces ischaemic damage in feline focal cerebral ischaemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (1996) 16:950-958.
    • (1996) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 950-958
    • Patel, T.R.1    Galbraith, S.2    Graham, D.I.3
  • 46
    • 0032721538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin receptor antagonist preserves microvascular perfusion and reduced ischaemic brain damage following permanent focal ischaemia
    • DAWSON DA, SUGANO H, MCCARRON RM, HALLENBECK JM, SPATZ M: Endothelin receptor antagonist preserves microvascular perfusion and reduced ischaemic brain damage following permanent focal ischaemia. Neurochem. Res. (1999) 24:1499-1505.
    • (1999) Neurochem. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1499-1505
    • Dawson, D.A.1    Sugano, H.2    Mccarron, R.M.3    Hallenbeck, J.M.4    Spatz, M.5
  • 47
    • 0034831353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of endothelin type A receptor antagonist on brain oedema and injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • MATSUO Y, MIHARA S-I, MITSUYOSHI N, FUJIMOTO M: Protective effect of endothelin type A receptor antagonist on brain oedema and injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke (2001) 32:2143-2148.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2143-2148
    • Matsuo, Y.1    Mihara, S.-I.2    Mitsuyoshi, N.3    Fujimoto, M.4
  • 48
    • 0033734717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective antagonism of endothelin-A receptors improves outcome in both head trauma and focal stroke in rat
    • BARONE FC, OHLSTEIN EH, HUNTER AJ et al.: Selective antagonism of endothelin-A receptors improves outcome in both head trauma and focal stroke in rat. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (2000) 36(Suppl. 1):S357-S361.
    • (2000) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Barone, F.C.1    Ohlstein, E.H.2    Hunter, A.J.3
  • 49
    • 0344065373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for standards regarding predinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development
    • FINKLESTEIN SP, FISHER M, FURLAN AJ et al.: Recommendations for standards regarding predinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development. Stroke (1999) 30:2752-2758. Reviews preclinical reasons for failed stroke trials and makes recommendations for optimal preclinical development of stroke drugs.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2752-2758
    • Finklestein, S.P.1    Fisher, M.2    Furlan, A.J.3
  • 50
    • 0034943173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for clinical trial evaluation of acute stroke therapies
    • ALBERS GW, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, BOZIK MA et al.: Recommendations for clinical trial evaluation of acute stroke therapies. Stroke (2001) 32:1598-1606. Reviews clinical reasons for failed stroke trials and makes recommendations for optimal clinical development of stroke drugs.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1598-1606
    • Albers, G.W.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2    Bozik, M.A.3
  • 51
    • 0141676771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why did NMDA receptor antagonists fail clinical trials for stroke and traumatic brain injury?
    • IKONOMIDOU C, TURSKI L: Why did NMDA receptor antagonists fail clinical trials for stroke and traumatic brain injury? Lancet Neurol. (2002) 1:383-386. Hypothesis for failure of NMDA antagonists in clinical trials.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurol. , vol.1 , pp. 383-386
    • Ikonomidou, C.1    Turski, L.2
  • 52
    • 0028952814 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous middle cerebral artery reperfusion in ischemic stroke: A follow-up study with transcranial doppler
    • ZANETTE EM, ROBERTI C, MANCINI G, POZZILLI C, BRAGONI M, TONI D: Spontaneous middle cerebral artery reperfusion in ischemic stroke: a follow-up study with transcranial doppler. Stroke (1995) 26:430-433.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 430-433
    • Zanette, E.M.1    Roberti, C.2    Mancini, G.3    Pozzilli, C.4    Bragoni, M.5    Toni, D.6
  • 53
    • 0032892343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-metyld-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - A review of preclinical data
    • PARSONS CG, DANYSZ W, QUACK G: Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-metyld-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - a review of preclinical data. Neuropharmacol. (1999) 38:735-767.
    • (1999) Neuropharmacol. , vol.38 , pp. 735-767
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Danysz, W.2    Quack, G.3
  • 54
    • 15444343987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YM872, a novel selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, reduced brain damage after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in cats
    • TAKAHASHI M, NI JW, KAWASAKI-YATSUGI S et al.: YM872, a novel selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, reduced brain damage after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in cats. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. (1998) 284:467-473.
    • (1998) J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. , vol.284 , pp. 467-473
    • Takahashi, M.1    Ni, J.W.2    Kawasaki-Yatsugi, S.3
  • 55
    • 0031667548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YM872, a highly water-soluble AMPA antagonist, preserved the hemodynamic penumbra and reduces brain injury after permanent focal ischemia in rats
    • SHIMIZU-SASAMATA M, KANO T, ROGOWSKA J, WOLF G, MOSKOWITZ MA, LO EH: YM872, a highly water-soluble AMPA antagonist, preserved the hemodynamic penumbra and reduces brain injury after permanent focal ischemia in rats. Stroke (1998) 29:2141-2148.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2141-2148
    • Shimizu-Sasamata, M.1    Kano, T.2    Rogowska, J.3    Wolf, G.4    Moskowitz, M.A.5    Lo, E.H.6
  • 56
    • 0033022769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPD 502: A water-soluble and in vivo long-lasting AMPA antagonist with neuroprotective activity
    • NIELSEN EO, VARMING T, MATHIESEN C et al.: SPD 502: a water-soluble and in vivo long-lasting AMPA antagonist with neuroprotective activity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. (1999) 289:1492-1501.
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. , vol.289 , pp. 1492-1501
    • Nielsen, E.O.1    Varming, T.2    Mathiesen, C.3
  • 57
    • 0038706172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with YM872, a novel AMPA receptor antagonist for acute ischemic stroke
    • NAPOLIELLO MJ, DE VOSS RW: Clinical experience with YM872, a novel AMPA receptor antagonist for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke (1999) 30:264.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 264
    • Napoliello, M.J.1    De Voss, R.W.2
  • 58
    • 0031771639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPA/kainate antagonist LY293558 reduces capsaicin-evoked hyperalgesia but not pain in normal skin in humans
    • SANG CN, HOSTETTER MP, GRACELY RH et al.: AMPA/kainate antagonist LY293558 reduces capsaicin-evoked hyperalgesia but not pain in normal skin in humans. Anesthesiology (1998) 89:1060-1067.
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 1060-1067
    • Sang, C.N.1    Hostetter, M.P.2    Gracely, R.H.3
  • 59
    • 0030663691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of CP101,606, a novel NR2B subunit antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, on the volume of ischemic brain damage and cytotoxic brain edema after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the feline brain
    • DI X, BULLOCK R, WATSON J et al.: Effect of CP101,606, a novel NR2B subunit antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, on the volume of ischemic brain damage and cytotoxic brain edema after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the feline brain. Stroke (1997) 28:2244-2251.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 2244-2251
    • Di, X.1    Bullock, R.2    Watson, J.3
  • 60
    • 0033392424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controled study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CP-101,606 in patients with a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury
    • MERCHANT R, BULLOCK MR, CARMACK CA et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controled study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CP-101,606 in patients with a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1999) 890:42-50.
    • (1999) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.890 , pp. 42-50
    • Merchant, R.1    Bullock, M.R.2    Carmack, C.A.3
  • 61
    • 0033387727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of CP-101,606 in subjects with a severe traumatic head injury or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
    • BULLOCK MR, MERCHANT RE, CARMACK CA et al.: An open-label study of CP-101,606 in subjects with a severe traumatic head injury or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann. NY Acad Sci. (1999) 890:51-58.
    • (1999) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.890 , pp. 51-58
    • Bullock, M.R.1    Merchant, R.E.2    Carmack, C.A.3
  • 62
    • 0029991515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia
    • MARINOV MB, HARBAUGH KS, HOOPES PJ, PIKUS HJ, HARBAUGH RE: Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosurg. (1996) 85:117-124.
    • (1996) J. Neurosurg. , vol.85 , pp. 117-124
    • Marinov, M.B.1    Harbaugh, K.S.2    Hoopes, P.J.3    Pikus, H.J.4    Harbaugh, R.E.5
  • 63
    • 0026091467 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • IZUMI Y, ROUSSEL S, PINARD E, SEYLAZ J: Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (1991) 11:1025-1030.
    • (1991) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.11 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Izumi, Y.1    Roussel, S.2    Pinard, E.3    Seylaz, J.4
  • 64
    • 0022005967 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies on some antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate in slices of rat cerebral cortex
    • HARRISON NL, SIMMONDS MA: Quantitative studies on some antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate in slices of rat cerebral cortex. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1985) 84:381-368.
    • (1985) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.84 , pp. 381-368
    • Harrison, N.L.1    Simmonds, M.A.2
  • 65
    • 0031970836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose optimisation of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke
    • MUIR KW, LEES KR; Dose optimisation of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke. Stroke (1998) 29:918-923.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 918-923
    • Muir, K.W.1    Lees, K.R.2
  • 66
    • 0034468512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the intravenous magnesium efficacy in acute stroke (IMAGES) trial
    • BRADFORD A, LEES K: Design of the intravenous magnesium efficacy in acute stroke (IMAGES) trial. Curr. Control Trials Cardiovasc. Med. (2000) 1:184-190.
    • (2000) Curr. Control Trials Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 184-190
    • Bradford, A.1    Lees, K.2
  • 67
    • 0033819840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexanabimol (HU-211): A nonpsychotropic cannabinoid with neuroprotective properties
    • SHOHAMI E, MECHOULAM R: Dexanabimol (HU-211): a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid with neuroprotective properties. Drug Develop. Res. (2000) 50:211-215.
    • (2000) Drug Develop. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 211-215
    • Shohami, E.1    Mechoulam, R.2
  • 68
    • 0035906513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term cerebroprotective effects of dexanabinol in a model of focal cerebral ischemia
    • LAVIE G, TEICHNER A, SHOHAMI E, OVADIA H, LEKER RR: Long term cerebroprotective effects of dexanabinol in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. (2001) 901:195-201.
    • (2001) Brain Res. , vol.901 , pp. 195-201
    • Lavie, G.1    Teichner, A.2    Shohami, E.3    Ovadia, H.4    Leker, R.R.5
  • 69
    • 0036192049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: A randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase II clinical trial
    • KNOLLER N, LEVI L, SHOSHAN I et al.: Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase II clinical trial. Crit. Care Med. (2002) 30:548-554.
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 548-554
    • Knoller, N.1    Levi, L.2    Shoshan, I.3
  • 71
    • 0034712740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent blockade of sodium channels and protection of brain tissue from ischemia by BIII 890CL
    • CARTER AJ, GRAUERT M, PSCHORN U et al.: Potent blockade of sodium channels and protection of brain tissue from ischemia by BIII 890CL. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2000) 97:4944-4949.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 4944-4949
    • Carter, A.J.1    Grauert, M.2    Pschorn, U.3
  • 72
    • 0033028848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIIR 561 CL: A novel combined antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels with anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties
    • WEISER T, BRENNER M, PALLUK R et al.: BIIR 561 CL: A novel combined antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels with anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. (1999) 289:1343-1349.
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. , vol.289 , pp. 1343-1349
    • Weiser, T.1    Brenner, M.2    Palluk, R.3
  • 73
    • 0030580427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-course and treatment response with SNX-111, an N-type calcium channel blocker, in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia using diffusion-weighted MRI
    • YENARI MA, PALMER JT, HUA SUN G et al.: Time-course and treatment response with SNX-111, an N-type calcium channel blocker, in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia using diffusion-weighted MRI. Brain Res. (1996) 739:36-45.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.739 , pp. 36-45
    • Yenari, M.A.1    Palmer, J.T.2    Hua Sun, G.3
  • 74
    • 0031039720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels protects against brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • BOWERSOX SS, SINGH T, LUTHER RR: Selective blockade of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels protects against brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res. (1997) 747:343-347.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.747 , pp. 343-347
    • Bowersox, S.S.1    Singh, T.2    Luther, R.R.3
  • 76
    • 0035951623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel blocker NS-7 I. Effect on the cerebral infarction and edema at the acute stage of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • 2+ channel blocker NS-7 I. Effect on the cerebral infarction and edema at the acute stage of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res. (2001) 890:162-169.
    • (2001) Brain Res. , vol.890 , pp. 162-169
    • Aoki, Y.1    Tamura, M.2    Itoh, Y.3    Ukai, Y.4
  • 77
    • 0035951624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel blocker NS-7 II. Effect on the cerebral infarction, behavioural and cognitive impairments at the chronic stage of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • 2+ channel blocker NS-7 II. Effect on the cerebral infarction, behavioural and cognitive impairments at the chronic stage of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res. (2001) 890:170-176.
    • (2001) Brain Res. , vol.890 , pp. 170-176
    • Tamura, M.1    Aoki, Y.2    Seto, T.3    Itoh, Y.4    Ukai, Y.5
  • 78
    • 0036082491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the diarylether sulfonylester (-)-R-3-(2-hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist with neuroprotective properties
    • MAULER F, MITTENDORF J, HORVATH E et al.: Characterization of the diarylether sulfonylester (-)-R-3-(2-hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist with neuroprotective properties. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. (2002) 302:359-368.
    • (2002) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. , vol.302 , pp. 359-368
    • Mauler, F.1    Mittendorf, J.2    Horvath, E.3
  • 80
    • 0035149749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain
    • CHAN P: Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (2001) 21:2-14.
    • (2001) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.21 , pp. 2-14
    • Chan, P.1
  • 81
    • 0035949481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A radical approach to stroke therapy
    • MCCULLOCH J, DEWAR D: A radical approach to stroke therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2001) 98:10989-10991.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 10989-10991
    • Mcculloch, J.1    Dewar, D.2
  • 83
    • 0036281518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined argatroban and edaravone caused additive neuroprotection against 15 min of forebrain ischemia in gerbils
    • JIN Y-J, MIMA T, RAICU V, PARK KC, SHIMIZU K: Combined argatroban and edaravone caused additive neuroprotection against 15 min of forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Neurosci. Res. (2002) 43:75-79.
    • (2002) Neurosci. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 75-79
    • Jin, Y.-J.1    Mima, T.2    Raicu, V.3    Park, K.C.4    Shimizu, K.5
  • 84
    • 0021185122 scopus 로고
    • A novel biologically active selenoorganic compound-I. Glutathione peroxidase-like activity in vitro and antioxidant capacity of PZ51 (ebselen)
    • MULLER A, CADENAS E, GRAF P, SIES H: A novel biologically active selenoorganic compound-I. Glutathione peroxidase-like activity in vitro and antioxidant capacity of PZ51 (ebselen). Biochem. Pharmacol. (1984) 33:3235-3239.
    • (1984) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.33 , pp. 3235-3239
    • Muller, A.1    Cadenas, E.2    Graf, P.3    Sies, H.4
  • 85
    • 0034821411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen protects both gray and white matter in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia
    • IMAI H, MASAYASU H, DEWAR D, GRAHAM DI, MACRAE IM: Ebselen protects both gray and white matter in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke (2001) 32:2149-2154.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2149-2154
    • Imai, H.1    Masayasu, H.2    Dewar, D.3    Graham, D.I.4    Macrae, I.M.5
  • 86
    • 0031963836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke
    • YAMAGUCHI T, SANO K, TAKAKURA K et al.: Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke (1998) 29:12-17.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 12-17
    • Yamaguchi, T.1    Sano, K.2    Takakura, K.3
  • 87
    • 0033042957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: A placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
    • OGAWA A, YOSHIMOTO T, KIKUCHI H et al.: Ebselen in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cerebrovasc. Dis. (1999) 9:112-118. Clinical trial showing efficacy of ebselen in acute stroke.
    • (1999) Cerebrovasc. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 112-118
    • Ogawa, A.1    Yoshimoto, T.2    Kikuchi, H.3
  • 88
    • 0036343060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CNS effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts and ginkgolide B
    • MACLENNAN KM, DARLINGTON CL, SMITH PF: The CNS effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts and ginkgolide B. Prog. Neurobiol. (2002) 67:235-257.
    • (2002) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.67 , pp. 235-257
    • Maclennan, K.M.1    Darlington, C.L.2    Smith, P.F.3
  • 89
    • 0036152938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of NXY-059 on infarct volume after transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat; studies on dose, plasma concentration and therapeutic time window
    • SYDSERFF SG, BORELLI AR, GREEN AR, CROSS AJ: Effect of NXY-059 on infarct volume after transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat; studies on dose, plasma concentration and therapeutic time window. Br. J. Pharmacol. (2002) 135:103-112.
    • (2002) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.135 , pp. 103-112
    • Sydserff, S.G.1    Borelli, A.R.2    Green, A.R.3    Cross, A.J.4
  • 90
    • 0035154631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NXY-059, a free radical trapping agent, substantially lessens the functional disability resulting from cerebral ischaemia in a primate species
    • MARSHALL JWB, DUFFIN KJ, GREEN AR et al.: NXY-059, a free radical trapping agent, substantially lessens the functional disability resulting from cerebral ischaemia in a primate species. Stroke (2001) 32:190-198.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 190-198
    • Marshall, J.W.B.1    Duffin, K.J.2    Green, A.R.3
  • 91
    • 0034745231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the nitrone NXY-059 in patients with acute stroke
    • LEES KR, SHARMA AK, BARER D et al.: Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the nitrone NXY-059 in patients with acute stroke. Stroke (2001) 32:675-680.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 675-680
    • Lees, K.R.1    Sharma, A.K.2    Barer, D.3
  • 92
    • 0036263210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic activation and delayed infarct expansion after permanent focal ischemia in rats. Part II: Suppression of astrocytic activation by a novel agent (R)-(-)-2-propyloctanoic acid (ONO-2506) leads to mitigation of delayed infarct expansion and early improvement of neurologic deficits
    • TATEISHI N, MORI T, KAGAMIISHI Y et al.: Astrocytic activation and delayed infarct expansion after permanent focal ischemia in rats. Part II: suppression of astrocytic activation by a novel agent (R)-(-)-2-propyloctanoic acid (ONO-2506) leads to mitigation of delayed infarct expansion and early improvement of neurologic deficits. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (2002) 22:723-734.
    • (2002) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.22 , pp. 723-734
    • Tateishi, N.1    Mori, T.2    Kagamiishi, Y.3
  • 93
    • 0024452528 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of dichloroacetate
    • STACPOOLE PW: The pharmacology of dichloroacetate. Metabolism (1989) 38:1124-1144.
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 1124-1144
    • Stacpoole, P.W.1
  • 94
    • 0028854668 scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings after acute cerebral infarction
    • GRAHAM GD, KALVACH P, BLAMIRE AM, BRASS LM, FAYAD PB, PRICHARD JW: Clinical correlates of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings after acute cerebral infarction. Stroke (1995) 26:225-229.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 225-229
    • Graham, G.D.1    Kalvach, P.2    Blamire, A.M.3    Brass, L.M.4    Fayad, P.B.5    Prichard, J.W.6
  • 95
    • 0029869446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of dichloroacetate in a rat model of forebrain ischemia
    • PEELING J, SUTHERLAND G, BROWN RA, CURRY S: Protective effect of dichloroacetate in a rat model of forebrain ischemia. Neurosci. Lett. (1996) 208:21-24.
    • (1996) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.208 , pp. 21-24
    • Peeling, J.1    Sutherland, G.2    Brown, R.A.3    Curry, S.4
  • 96
    • 0034649386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy study of dichloroacetate treatment after ischemic stroke
    • GRAHAM GD, BARLER PB, BROOKS WM et al.: MR spectroscopy study of dichloroacetate treatment after ischemic stroke. Neurology (2000) 55:1376-1378.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1376-1378
    • Graham, G.D.1    Barler, P.B.2    Brooks, W.M.3
  • 97
    • 0035002174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders
    • TARNOPOLSKY MA, BEAL MF: Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders. Ann. Neurol. (2001) 49:561-574.
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 561-574
    • Tarnopolsky, M.A.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 98
    • 0030928225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of neurotrophic factors
    • HEFTI F: Pharmacology of neurotrophic factors. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1997) 37:239-267. Overview of preclinical and clinical data for neurotrophic factors in peripheral and CNS diseases.
    • (1997) Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.37 , pp. 239-267
    • Hefti, F.1
  • 99
    • 0036968150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiblast (trafermin) in acute stroke: Results of the European-Australine Phase II/III safety and efficacy trial
    • BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, VICTOR SJ, SALINAS EO et al.: Fiblast (trafermin) in acute stroke: results of the European-Australine Phase II/III safety and efficacy trial. Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2002) 14:239-251.
    • (2002) Cerebrovasc. Dis. , vol.14 , pp. 239-251
    • Bogousslavsky, J.1    Victor, S.J.2    Salinas, E.O.3
  • 100
    • 0032873417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection mediated via neurotrophic factors and induction of neurotrophic factors
    • SEMKOVA I, KRIEGLSTEIN J: Neuroprotection mediated via neurotrophic factors and induction of neurotrophic factors. Brain Res. Rev. (1999) 30:176-188.
    • (1999) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.30 , pp. 176-188
    • Semkova, I.1    Krieglstein, J.2
  • 101
    • 0030479204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pituitary adenylate cydase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a regulator of astrocytes: PACAP stimulates proliferation and production of inter-leukin 6 (IL-6), but not nerve growth factor (NGF), in cultured rat astrocyte
    • TATSUNO I, MORIO H, TANAKA T et al.: Pituitary adenylate cydase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a regulator of astrocytes: PACAP stimulates proliferation and production of inter-leukin 6 (IL-6), but not nerve growth factor (NGF), in cultured rat astrocyte. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1996) 805:482-488.
    • (1996) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.805 , pp. 482-488
    • Tatsuno, I.1    Morio, H.2    Tanaka, T.3
  • 102
    • 0034035403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed systemic administration of PACAP38 is neuroprotective in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
    • REGLODI D, SOMOGYVARI-VIGH A, VIGH S et al.: Delayed systemic administration of PACAP38 is neuroprotective in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Stroke (2000) 31:1411-1417.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1411-1417
    • Reglodi, D.1    Somogyvari-Vigh, A.2    Vigh, S.3
  • 103
    • 0036315818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NS 1231, a novel compound with neurotrophic-like effects in vitro and in vivo
    • DAGO L, BONDE C, PETERS D et al.: NS 1231, a novel compound with neurotrophic-like effects in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurochem. (2002) 81:17-24.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.81 , pp. 17-24
    • Dago, L.1    Bonde, C.2    Peters, D.3
  • 104
    • 0032561474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1A receptor agonist, Bayx3702, demonstrated in vitro and in vivo
    • 1A receptor agonist, Bayx3702, demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1998) 359:251-260.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.359 , pp. 251-260
    • Semkova, I.1    Wolz, P.2    Krieglstein, J.3
  • 105
    • 0035951899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1A receptor agonists possessing 1,4-benzoxazepine scaffold exhibit highly potent anti-ischemic effects
    • 1A receptor agonists possessing 1,4-benzoxazepine scaffold exhibit highly potent anti-ischemic effects. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2001) 11:595-598.
    • (2001) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 595-598
    • Kamei, K.1    Maeda, N.2    Ogino, R.3
  • 107
    • 4243814865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroprotectant BAY X 3702 in acute ischemic stroke: BRAINS
    • TEAL P, SILVER F, GROTTA J, SIMARD D: The neuroprotectant BAY X 3702 in acute ischemic stroke: BRAINS. Neurology (1999) 52(Suppl. 2):A383-A384.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Teal, P.1    Silver, F.2    Grotta, J.3    Simard, D.4
  • 108
    • 0038029666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repinotan: An innovative Phase III design in stroke
    • TEAL P, ROMBOUT F, WEBER H et al.: Repinotan: an innovative Phase III design in stroke. Stroke (2001) 31:2811.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2811
    • Teal, P.1    Rombout, F.2    Weber, H.3
  • 109
    • 0033918122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome inhibitor PS519 reduces infarction and attenuates leukocyte infiltration in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia
    • PHILLIPS JB, WILLIAMS AJ, ADAMS J, ELLIOTT PJ, TORTELLA FC: Proteasome inhibitor PS519 reduces infarction and attenuates leukocyte infiltration in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke (2000) 31:1686-1693.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1686-1693
    • Phillips, J.B.1    Williams, A.J.2    Adams, J.3    Elliott, P.J.4    Tortella, F.C.5
  • 110
    • 0030957283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous intelieukin-1 receptor antagonist is neuroprotective
    • LODDICK SA, WONG M-L, BONGIORNO PB et al.: Endogenous intelieukin-1 receptor antagonist is neuroprotective. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1997) 234:211-215.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.234 , pp. 211-215
    • Loddick, S.A.1    Wong, M.-L.2    Bongiorno, P.B.3
  • 111
    • 0030976856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α. A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury
    • BARONE FC, ARVIN B, WHITE RF et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-α. A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke (1997) 28:1233-1244.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Barone, F.C.1    Arvin, B.2    White, R.F.3
  • 112
    • 0032850020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 MAPK signalling cascades in inflammatory disease
    • HERLAAR E, BROWN Z: p38 MAPK signalling cascades in inflammatory disease. Mol. Med. Today (1999) 5:439-447.
    • (1999) Mol. Med. Today , vol.5 , pp. 439-447
    • Herlaar, E.1    Brown, Z.2
  • 113
    • 0035895803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SB 239063, a novel p38 inhibitor, attenuates early neuronal injury following ischemia
    • LEGOS JL, ERHARDT JA, WHITE RF et al.: SB 239063, a novel p38 inhibitor, attenuates early neuronal injury following ischemia. Brain Res. (2001) 892:70-77.
    • (2001) Brain Res. , vol.892 , pp. 70-77
    • Legos, J.L.1    Erhardt, J.A.2    White, R.F.3
  • 114
    • 0036244550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic factor erythropoietin fosters neuroprotection through novel signal transduction cascades
    • CHONG ZZ, KANG J-Q, MAIESE K: Hematopoietic factor erythropoietin fosters neuroprotection through novel signal transduction cascades. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (2002) 22:503-514.
    • (2002) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.22 , pp. 503-514
    • Chong, Z.Z.1    Kang, J.-Q.2    Maiese, K.3
  • 115
    • 0034641710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin crosses the blood-brain barrier to protect against experimental brain injury
    • BRINES ML, GHEZZI P, KEENAN S et al.: Erythropoietin crosses the blood-brain barrier to protect against experimental brain injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2000) 97:10526-10531.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 10526-10531
    • Brines, M.L.1    Ghezzi, P.2    Keenan, S.3
  • 116
    • 0036705708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin therapy for acute stroke is both safe and beneficial
    • EHRENREICH H, HASSELBLATT M, DEMBOWSKI C et al.: Erythropoietin therapy for acute stroke is both safe and beneficial. Mol. Med. (2002) 8:495-505.
    • (2002) Mol. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 495-505
    • Ehrenreich, H.1    Hasselblatt, M.2    Dembowski, C.3
  • 117
    • 0034952544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cerebral infarct volumes in polyglobulic mice overexpressing erythropoietin
    • WIESSNER C, ALLEGRINI PR, EKATODRAMIS D et al.: Increased cerebral infarct volumes in polyglobulic mice overexpressing erythropoietin. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (2001) 21:857-864.
    • (2001) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.21 , pp. 857-864
    • Wiessner, C.1    Allegrini, P.R.2    Ekatodramis, D.3
  • 118
    • 0037075272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pure red-cell aplasia and antierythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant erythropoietin
    • CASADEVALL N, NATAF J, VIRON B et al.: Pure red-cell aplasia and antierythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant erythropoietin. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:469-475.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 469-475
    • Casadevall, N.1    Nataf, J.2    Viron, B.3
  • 119
    • 0035168889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of the therapeutic window for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with argatroban in a rat model of embolic stroke
    • MORRIS DC, ZHANG L, ZHANG ZG et al.: Extension of the therapeutic window for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with argatroban in a rat model of embolic stroke. Stroke (2001) 32:2635-2640.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2635-2640
    • Morris, D.C.1    Zhang, L.2    Zhang, Z.G.3
  • 120
    • 0345561549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects of a combination of low-dose basic fibroblast growth factor and citicoline after temporary experimental focal ischemia
    • SCHABITZ WR, FUHAI L, IRIE K et al.: Synergistic effects of a combination of low-dose basic fibroblast growth factor and citicoline after temporary experimental focal ischemia. Stroke (1999) 30:427-432.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 427-432
    • Schabitz, W.R.1    Fuhai, L.2    Irie, K.3
  • 121
    • 0343052709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental ischemia in rats
    • ONAL MZ, FUHAI L, TATLISUMAK T et al.: Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental ischemia in rats. Stroke (1997) 28:1060-1065.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Onal, M.Z.1    Fuhai, L.2    Tatlisumak, T.3
  • 122
    • 0002639298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of clinical studies with donepezil in vascular dementia
    • PRATT RD, PERDOMO CA: Results of clinical studies with donepezil in vascular dementia. Am. J. Geriatr. Psych. (2002) 10(Suppl.):S34-S41.
    • (2002) Am. J. Geriatr. Psych. , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Pratt, R.D.1    Perdomo, C.A.2
  • 123
    • 0036636375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label pilot study comparing rivastigmine and low-dose aspirin for the treatment of symptoms specific to patients with subcortical vascular dementia
    • MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM et al.: An open-label pilot study comparing rivastigmine and low-dose aspirin for the treatment of symptoms specific to patients with subcortical vascular dementia. Curr. Therap. Res. (2002) 63:443-458.
    • (2002) Curr. Therap. Res. , vol.63 , pp. 443-458
    • Moretti, R.1    Torre, P.2    Antonello, R.M.3
  • 124
    • 0007785580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine shows promising results in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular components and probable vascular dementia (preliminary results)
    • BULLOCK R, LILLENFELD S: Galantamine shows promising results in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular components and probable vascular dementia (preliminary results). J. Neurosci. (2001) 187(Suppl. 1)S59.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.187 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Bullock, R.1    Lillenfeld, S.2
  • 125
    • 0027939918 scopus 로고
    • Effect of piracetam on recovery and rehabilitation after stroke: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • ENDERBY P, BROECKX J, HOSPERS W, SCHILDERMANS F, DEBERDT W: Effect of piracetam on recovery and rehabilitation after stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin. Neuropharmacol. (1994) 17:320-331.
    • (1994) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.17 , pp. 320-331
    • Enderby, P.1    Broeckx, J.2    Hospers, W.3    Schildermans, F.4    Deberdt, W.5
  • 126
    • 0033811164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piracetam improves activated blood flow and facilitates rehabilitation of poststroke aphasic patients
    • KESSLER J, THIEL A, KARBE H, HEISS WD: Piracetam improves activated blood flow and facilitates rehabilitation of poststroke aphasic patients. Stroke (2000) 31:2112-2116.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2112-2116
    • Kessler, J.1    Thiel, A.2    Karbe, H.3    Heiss, W.D.4
  • 127
    • 0031869029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piracetam in the treatment of acute stroke
    • ORGOGOZO JM: Piracetam in the treatment of acute stroke. CNS Drugs (1998) 9(Suppl. 1):41-49.
    • (1998) CNS Drugs , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 41-49
    • Orgogozo, J.M.1
  • 128
    • 0034084071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing recovery after stroke with noradrenergic pharmacotherapy: A new frontier?
    • GLADSTONE DJ, BLACK SE: Enhancing recovery after stroke with noradrenergic pharmacotherapy: a new frontier? Can. J. Neurol. Sci. (2000) 27:97-105. Review of animal and clinical trials of the ability of amphetamine to promote stroke recovery
    • (2000) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 97-105
    • Gladstone, D.J.1    Black, S.E.2
  • 129
    • 0033961763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man
    • GOLDSTEIN LB: Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man. Neurepharmacol. (2000) 39:852-859. Review of effects of drugs which modulate levels of central neurotransmitters on functional reeovery in animal models of focal brain injury
    • (2000) Neurepharmacol. , vol.39 , pp. 852-859
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 130
    • 0031761434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioural recovery with D-amphetamine therapy after neocortical infarction in rats
    • STROEMER RP, KENT TA, HULSEBOSCH CE: Enhanced neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioural recovery with D-amphetamine therapy after neocortical infarction in rats. Stroke (1998) 29:2381-2395. Demonstration of the ability of amphetamine to promote plasticity and functional recovery in a rat model of stroke.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2381-2395
    • Stroemer, R.P.1    Kent, T.A.2    Hulsebosch, C.E.3
  • 131
    • 0023693269 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that amphetamine with physical therapy promotes recovery of motor function in stroke patients
    • CRISOSTOMO EA, DUNCAN PW, PROPST M, DAWSON DV, DAVIS JN: Evidence that amphetamine with physical therapy promotes recovery of motor function in stroke patients. Ann. Neurol. (1988) 23:94-97.
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol. , vol.23 , pp. 94-97
    • Crisostomo, E.A.1    Duncan, P.W.2    Propst, M.3    Dawson, D.V.4    Davis, J.N.5
  • 132
    • 0028867303 scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke
    • WALKER-BATSON D, SMITH P, CURTIS S, UNWIN H, GREENLESS R: Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke. Stroke (1995) 26:2254-2259.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 2254-2259
    • Walker-Batson, D.1    Smith, P.2    Curtis, S.3    Unwin, H.4    Greenless, R.5
  • 134
    • 0001304445 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dextroamphetamine on motor recovery after stroke
    • REDING M, SOLOMOM B, BORUCKI S: Effect of dextroamphetamine on motor recovery after stroke. Neurology (1995) 45(Suppl. 4):S01.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Reding, M.1    Solomom, B.2    Borucki, S.3
  • 135
    • 0034770073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of amphetamine and physiotherapy after stroke
    • SONDE L, NORDSTROM M, NILSSON C-G, LOKK J, VIITANEN M: A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of amphetamine and physiotherapy after stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2001) 12:253-257.
    • (2001) Cerebrovasc. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 253-257
    • Sonde, L.1    Nordstrom, M.2    Nilsson, C.-G.3    Lokk, J.4    Viitanen, M.5
  • 136
    • 0029972042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoxetine and maprotiline on functional recovery in poststroke haemiplegic patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy
    • DAM M, TONIN P, DEBONI A et al.: Effects of fluoxetine and maprotiline on functional recovery in poststroke haemiplegic patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Stroke (1996) 27:1211-1214.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Dam, M.1    Tonin, P.2    Deboni, A.3
  • 137
    • 0031656504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate in early poststroke recovery: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • GRADE C, REDFORD B, CHROSTOWSKI J et al.: Methylphenidate in early poststroke recovery: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. (1998) 79:1047-1050.
    • (1998) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. , vol.79 , pp. 1047-1050
    • Grade, C.1    Redford, B.2    Chrostowski, J.3
  • 138
    • 0035828396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levodopa in combination with physiotherapy on functional motor recovery after stroke: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study
    • SCHEIDTMANN K, FRIES W, MULLER F, KOENIG E: Effect of levodopa in combination with physiotherapy on functional motor recovery after stroke: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Lancet (2001) 358:787-790.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 787-790
    • Scheidtmann, K.1    Fries, W.2    Muller, F.3    Koenig, E.4
  • 139
    • 0030953487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery and repair issues after stroke from the scientific perspective
    • SEIL FJ: Recovery and repair issues after stroke from the scientific perspective. Curr. Opin. Neurol. (1997) 10:49-51.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.10 , pp. 49-51
    • Seil, F.J.1
  • 140
    • 0029991601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracisternal basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances behavioural recovery following focal cerebral infarction in the rat
    • KAWAMATA T, ALEXIS AE, DIETRICH D, FINKLESTEIN SP: Intracisternal basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances behavioural recovery following focal cerebral infarction in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (1996) 16:542-547.
    • (1996) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 542-547
    • Kawamata, T.1    Alexis, A.E.2    Dietrich, D.3    Finklestein, S.P.4
  • 141
    • 0032507636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracisternal osteogenic protein-1 enhances functional recovery following focal stroke
    • KAWAMATA T, REN JM, CHAN TCK, CHARETTE M, FINKLESTEIN SP: Intracisternal osteogenic protein-1 enhances functional recovery following focal stroke. Neuroreport (1998) 9:1441-1445.
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 1441-1445
    • Kawamata, T.1    Ren, J.M.2    Chan, T.C.K.3    Charette, M.4    Finklestein, S.P.5
  • 142
    • 0037015059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo
    • JIN K, ZHU Y, SUN Y, OU MAO X, XIE P, GREENBERG DA: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2002) 99:11946-11950.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.99 , pp. 11946-11950
    • Jin, K.1    Zhu, Y.2    Sun, Y.3    Ou Mao, X.4    Xie, P.5    Greenberg, D.A.6
  • 143
    • 0033797255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGF enhances angiogenesis and promotes blood-brain barrier leakage in the ischemic brain
    • ZHANG ZG, ZHANG L, JIANG Q et al.: VEGF enhances angiogenesis and promotes blood-brain barrier leakage in the ischemic brain. J. Clin. Invest. (2000) 106:829-838.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , pp. 829-838
    • Zhang, Z.G.1    Zhang, L.2    Jiang, Q.3
  • 144
    • 0035253244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repulsive factors and axon regeneration in the CNS
    • FOURNIER A, STRITTMATTER SM: Repulsive factors and axon regeneration in the CNS. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. (2001) 11:89-94. Review of factors which inhibit axonal regeneration in CNS.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 89-94
    • Fournier, A.1    Strittmatter, S.M.2
  • 145
    • 0037182860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein is a Nogo receptor ligand that inhibits neurite outgrowth
    • WANG KC, KOPRIVICA V, SIVASANKARAN R et al.: Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein is a Nogo receptor ligand that inhibits neurite outgrowth. Nature (2002) 417:941-944.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 941-944
    • Wang, K.C.1    Koprivica, V.2    Sivasankaran, R.3
  • 146
    • 0035905799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration
    • FOURNIER AE, GRANDPRE T, STRITTMATTER SM et al.: Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature (2001) 409:341-346.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 341-346
    • Fournier, A.E.1    Grandpre, T.2    Strittmatter, S.M.3
  • 147
    • 18444379933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with the Nogo66 receptor to inhibit neurite outgrowth
    • DOMENICONI M, CAO Z, SPENCER T et al.: Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with the Nogo66 receptor to inhibit neurite outgrowth. Neuron (2002) 35:283-290.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.35 , pp. 283-290
    • Domeniconi, M.1    Cao, Z.2    Spencer, T.3
  • 148
    • 0037198689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration
    • GRANDPRE T, LI S, STRITTMATTER SM: Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration. Nature (2002) 417:547-551.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 547-551
    • Grandpre, T.1    Li, S.2    Strittmatter, S.M.3
  • 149
    • 0037071537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p75 receptor transduces the signal from myelin-associated glycoprotein to Rho
    • YAMASHITA T, HIGUCHI H, TOHYAMA M: The p75 receptor transduces the signal from myelin-associated glycoprotein to Rho. J. Cell Biol. (2002) 157:565-570.
    • (2002) J. Cell Biol. , vol.157 , pp. 565-570
    • Yamashita, T.1    Higuchi, H.2    Tohyama, M.3
  • 150
    • 0035827606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with ganglioside GT1b
    • VINSON M, STRIJBOS PJLM, ROWLES A et al.: Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with ganglioside GT1b. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:20280-20285.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 20280-20285
    • Vinson, M.1    Strijbos, P.J.L.M.2    Rowles, A.3
  • 151
    • 0033152924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction underlying growth cone guidance by diffusible factors
    • SONG H-J, POO M-M: Signal transduction underlying growth cone guidance by diffusible factors. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. (1999) 9:355-363.
    • (1999) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.9 , pp. 355-363
    • Song, H.-J.1    Poo, M.-M.2
  • 152
    • 0035093839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging roles for semaphorins in neural regeneration
    • PASTERKAMP RJ, VERHAAGEN J: Emerging roles for semaphorins in neural regeneration. Brain Res. Rev. (2001) 35:36-54.
    • (2001) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 36-54
    • Pasterkamp, R.J.1    Verhaagen, J.2
  • 153
    • 0032559362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton
    • HALL A: Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science (1998) 279:509-514.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 509-514
    • Hall, A.1
  • 154
    • 0033230625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin binding to the p75 receptor modulates Rho activity and axonal outgrowth
    • YAMASHITA T, TUCKER KL, BARDE YA: Neurotrophin binding to the p75 receptor modulates Rho activity and axonal outgrowth. Neuron (1999) 24:585-593.
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.24 , pp. 585-593
    • Yamashita, T.1    Tucker, K.L.2    Barde, Y.A.3
  • 155
    • 0036469263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor inhibits neurite outgrowth and branching of hippocampal neurons by a Rho-dependent mechanism
    • NEUMANN H, SCHWEIGREITER R, YAMASHITA T et al.: Tumor necrosis factor inhibits neurite outgrowth and branching of hippocampal neurons by a Rho-dependent mechanism. J. Neurosci. (2002) 22:854-862.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 854-862
    • Neumann, H.1    Schweigreiter, R.2    Yamashita, T.3
  • 156
    • 0030809301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rac1 mediares collapsin-1-induced growth cone collapse
    • JIN Z, STRITTMATTER SM: Rac1 mediares collapsin-1-induced growth cone collapse. J. Neurosci. (1997) 17:6256-6263.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 6256-6263
    • Jin, Z.1    Strittmatter, S.M.2
  • 157
    • 0033198033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Rho signalling pathway promotes CNS axon regeneration
    • LEHMANN M, FOURNIER A, SELLES-NAVARRO et al.: Inactivation of Rho signalling pathway promotes CNS axon regeneration. J. Neurosci. (1999) 19:7537-7547.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 7537-7547
    • Lehmann, M.1    Fournier, A.2    Selles-Navarro3
  • 158
    • 0036703599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho signalling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair
    • DERGHAM P, ELLEZAM B, ESSAGIAN C et al.: Rho signalling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair. J. Neurosci. (2002) 22:6570-6577.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 6570-6577
    • Dergham, P.1    Ellezam, B.2    Essagian, C.3
  • 159
    • 0028115777 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin-3 enhances sprouting of corticospinal tract during development and after adult spinal cord lesion
    • SCHNELL L, SCHNEIDER R, KILBECK R et al.: Neurotrophin-3 enhances sprouting of corticospinal tract during development and after adult spinal cord lesion. Nature (1994) 367:170-173.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 170-173
    • Schnell, L.1    Schneider, R.2    Kilbeck, R.3
  • 160
    • 0036779764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major on-going stroke trials
    • NO AUTHORS LISTED: Major on-going stroke trials Stroke (2002) 33:2525-2535. Listing of current major stroke trials. Updated quarterly.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2525-2535
  • 162
    • 0035101898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin intervention for stroke prevention (VISP) trial: Rationale and design
    • SPENCE JD, HOWARD VJ, CHAMBLESS LE et al.: Vitamin intervention for stroke prevention (VISP) trial: rationale and design. Neuroepidemielogy (2001) 20:16-25.
    • (2001) Neuroepidemielogy , vol.20 , pp. 16-25
    • Spence, J.D.1    Howard, V.J.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 163
    • 0036187533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The VITATOPS (vitamins to prevent stroke) Trial: Rationale and design of an international, large, simple, randomised trial of homocysteine-lowering multivitamin therapy in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke
    • BAKER RI, EIKELBOOM J, GELAVIS A et al.: The VITATOPS (vitamins to prevent stroke) Trial: rationale and design of an international, large, simple, randomised trial of homocysteine-lowering multivitamin therapy in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2002) 13:120-126.
    • (2002) Cerebrovasc. Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 120-126
    • Baker, R.I.1    Eikelboom, J.2    Gelavis, A.3
  • 164
    • 0038029709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging, the ischaemic penumbra, and selection of patients for acute stroke therapy
    • DONNAN GA, DAVIS SM: Neuroimaging, the ischaemic penumbra, and selection of patients for acute stroke therapy. Lancet Neurol. (2002) 1:417-425.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurol. , vol.1 , pp. 417-425
    • Donnan, G.A.1    Davis, S.M.2
  • 165
    • 0036245040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of biotinylated basic fibroblast growth factor conjugated to a blood-brain barrier drug delivery system
    • WU DF, SONG BW, VINTERS HV, PARDRIDGE WM: Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of biotinylated basic fibroblast growth factor conjugated to a blood-brain barrier drug delivery system. J. Drug Targeting (2002) 10:239-245.
    • (2002) J. Drug Targeting , vol.10 , pp. 239-245
    • Wu, D.F.1    Song, B.W.2    Vinters, H.V.3    Pardridge, W.M.4
  • 166
    • 0033951941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfotel in acute ischemic stroke: Possible neurotoxic effects of an NMDA antagonist
    • DAVIS SM, LEES KR, ALBERS GW et al.: Selfotel in acute ischemic stroke: possible neurotoxic effects of an NMDA antagonist. Stroke (2000) 31:347-354.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 347-354
    • Davis, S.M.1    Lees, K.R.2    Albers, G.W.3
  • 167
    • 0035814418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apdganel hydrochloride in acute ischemic stroke - A randomized controlled trial
    • ALBERS GV, GOLDSTEIN LB, HALL D, LESKO LM: Apdganel hydrochloride in acute ischemic stroke - a randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2001) 286:2673-2682.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 2673-2682
    • Albers, G.V.1    Goldstein, L.B.2    Hall, D.3    Lesko, L.M.4
  • 168
    • 0030666876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerestat and other NMDA antagonists in ischemic stroke
    • LEES KR: Cerestat and other NMDA antagonists in ischemic stroke. Neurology (1997) 49:S66-S69.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49
    • Lees, K.R.1
  • 169
    • 0032967750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose escalation study of the NMDA glycine-site antagonist licostinel in acute ischemic stroke
    • ALBERS GW, CLARK WM, ATKINSON RP et al.: Dose escalation study of the NMDA glycine-site antagonist licostinel in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke (1999) 30:508-513.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 508-513
    • Albers, G.W.1    Clark, W.M.2    Atkinson, R.P.3
  • 170
    • 0035804844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycine antagonist in neuroprotection for patients with acute stroke - GAIN Americas: A randomized controlled trial
    • SACCO RL, DEROSA JT, HALEY EC et al.: Glycine antagonist in neuroprotection for patients with acute stroke - GAIN Americas: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2001) 285:1719-1728.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1719-1728
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Derosa, J.T.2    Haley, E.C.3
  • 171
    • 84939677173 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of oral nimodipine trials in acute ischemic stoke
    • MOHR JP, ORGOGOZO JM, HARRISON MJG et al.: Meta-analysis of oral nimodipine trials in acute ischemic stoke. Cerebrovasc Dis. (1994) 4:197-203.
    • (1994) Cerebrovasc Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 197-203
    • Mohr, J.P.1    Orgogozo, J.M.2    Harrison, M.J.G.3
  • 172
    • 0035134255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very early nimodipine use in stroke (VENUS). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • HORN J, DE HAAN RJ, VERMEULEN M, LIMBURG M: Very early nimodipine use in stroke (VENUS). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke (2001) 32:461-465.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 461-465
    • Horn, J.1    De Haan, R.J.2    Vermeulen, M.3    Limburg, M.4
  • 173
    • 0033816426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tirilazad mesylate in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review
    • BATH PMW, IDDENDEN R, BATH FJ, ORGOGOZO JM: Tirilazad mesylate in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke (2000) 31:2257-2265.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2257-2265
    • Bath, P.M.W.1    Iddenden, R.2    Bath, F.J.3    Orgogozo, J.M.4
  • 174
    • 0033766740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lubeluzole in acute ischemic stroke treatment. A double-blind study with an 8-hour inclusion window comparing a 10-mg daily dose of lubeluzole with placebo
    • DIENER HC, CORTENS M, FORD G et al.: Lubeluzole in acute ischemic stroke treatment. A double-blind study with an 8-hour inclusion window comparing a 10-mg daily dose of lubeluzole with placebo. Stroke (2000) 31:2543-2551.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2543-2551
    • Diener, H.C.1    Cortens, M.2    Ford, G.3
  • 175
    • 0032953495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a randomized, controlled trial of domethiazole versus placebo in 1360 acute stroke patients
    • WAHLGREN NG, RANASINHA KW, ROSOLACCI T et al.: Results of a randomized, controlled trial of domethiazole versus placebo in 1360 acute stroke patients. Stroke (1999) 30:21-28.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 21-28
    • Wahlgren, N.G.1    Ranasinha, K.W.2    Rosolacci, T.3
  • 176
    • 0034034434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervene (Nalmefene) in acute ischemic stroke: Final results of a Phase III efficacy study
    • The Cervene stroke study investigators
    • CLARK WM, RAPS EC, TONG DC, KELLY RE: Cervene (Nalmefene) in acute ischemic stroke: final results of a Phase III efficacy study. The Cervene stroke study investigators. Stroke (2000) 31:1234-1239.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1234-1239
    • Clark, W.M.1    Raps, E.C.2    Tong, D.C.3    Kelly, R.E.4
  • 177
    • 0030760430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients
    • CLARK WM, WARACH SJ, PETTIGREW LC et al.: A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurelogy (1997) 49:671-678.
    • (1997) Neurelogy , vol.49 , pp. 671-678
    • Clark, W.M.1    Warach, S.J.2    Pettigrew, L.C.3
  • 178
    • 0032709479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke
    • CLARK WM, WARACH SJ, PETRIGREW LC et al.: A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke (1999) 30:2592-2597.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2592-2597
    • Clark, W.M.1    Warach, S.J.2    Petrigrew, L.C.3
  • 179
    • 0035856456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients
    • CLARK WM, WECHSLER LR, SABOUNJIAN LA, SCHWIDERSKI UE: A Phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology (2001) 57:1595-1602.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1595-1602
    • Clark, W.M.1    Wechsler, L.R.2    Sabounjian, L.A.3    Schwiderski, U.E.4
  • 180
    • 0035940577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke
    • SHERMAN DG, BEW A, EASTON JD et al.: Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke. Neurology (2001) 57:1428-1440.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1428-1440
    • Sherman, D.G.1    Bew, A.2    Easton, J.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.