Strategies for manipulating the p53 pathway in the treatment of human cancer

Biochemical Journal

Volumn 352, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 1-17

  Hupp, T R ^a   Lane, D P ^a   Ball, K L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cell cycle checkpoint pathway; Degradation; DNA damage; Transcription

Indexed keywords

GENE PRODUCT; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER; CANCER GROWTH; CELL CYCLE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN FOLDING; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; GENES, P53; HUMANS; MICE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUTATION; NEOPLASMS; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MDM2; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

EID: 0034668786     PISSN: 02646021     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3520001     Document Type: Review

References (267)

1. Regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein
2. A model for p53-induced apoptosis
3. Identification and classification of p53-regulated genes
4. Introduction: p53 - The first twenty years
5. Twenty years of p53 research: Structural and functional aspects of the p53 protein
6. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells
7. Characterization of a 54K dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells
8. The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation
9. Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53
10. p53 mutations in colorectal cancer
11. Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumour progression
12. Presence of a potent transcription activating sequence in the p53 protein
13. Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein
14. Definition of a consensus binding site for p53
15. Analysis of p53-regulated gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide arrays
16. Inhibition by uridine but not thymidine of p53-dependent intestinal apoptosis initiated by 5-fluorouracil: Evidence for the involvement of RNA perturbation
17. Disruption of p53 in human cancer cells alters the responses to therapeutic agents
18. Posttranslational modifications of p53 in replicative senescence overlapping but distinct from those induced by DNA damage
19. The relationships between p53-dependent apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and 5-fluorouracil-induced histopathology in murine intestinal epithelia
20. Exploiting the p53 pathway for cancer diagnosis and therapy
21. Development of physiological models to study stress protein responses
22. Covalent and noncovalent modifiers of the p53 protein
23. Monoallelically expressed gene related to p53 at 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other human cancers
24. p63, a p53 homolog at 3q27-q29, encodes multiple products with transactivating, death-inducing, and dominant-negative activities
25. Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex: Understanding tumorigenic mutations
26. Database of p53 gene somatic mutations in human tumors and cell fines: Updated compilation and future prospects
27. Sequence-specific transcriptional activation is essential for growth suppression by p53
28. Refined solution structure of the oligomerization domain of the tumour suppressor p53
29. Thermodynamic analysis of the structural stability of the tetrameric oligomerization domain of p53 tumor suppressor
30. Characterization of the oligomerization defects of two p53 mutants found in families with Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome
31. Characterization of p53 oligomerization domain mutations isolated from Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni like family members
32. Nine hydrophobic side chains are key determinants of the thermodynamic stability and oligomerization status of tumour suppressor p53 tetramerization domain
33. Recruitment of p300/CBP in p53-dependent signal pathways
34. CREB-binding protein and p300/CBP-associated factor are transcriptional coactivators of the p53 tumor suppressor protein
35. Synergistic activation of transcription by CBP and p53
36. Role for p300 in stabilization of p53 in the response to DNA damage
37. Transcriptional cross talk between NF-kappaB and p53
38. Phosphorylation of p53 serine 15 increases interaction with CBP
39. Mutation of the serine 15 phosphorylation site of human p53 reduces the ability of p53 to inhibit cell cycle progression
40. Mutations in serines 15 and 20 of human p53 impair its apoptotic activity
41. Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage
42. Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53
43. ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: Mapping the region of interaction
44. The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest
45. Small peptides activate the latent sequence-specific DNA-binding function of p53
46. Effect of phosphorylation on tetramerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53
47. Mutation of phosphoserine 389 affects p53 function in vivo
48. SUMO-1 modification activates the transcriptional response of p53
49. DNA damage triggers DRB-resistant phosphorylation of human p53 at the CK2 site
50. Synergistic activation of p53-dependent transcription by two cooperating damage recognition pathways
51. Microinjection of monoclonal antibody PAb421 into human SW480 colorectal carcinoma cells restores the transcription activation function to mutant p53
52. Restoration of the transcription activation function to mutant p53 in human cancer cells
53. Restoration of transcriptional activity of p53 mutants in human tumour cells by intracellular expression of anti-p53 single chain Fv fragments
54. Allosteric activation of latent p53 tetramers
55. Reciprocal interference between the sequence-specific core and nonspecific C-terminal DNA-binding domains of p53: Implications for regulation
56. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal sites of human p53 reduces non-sequence-specific DNA-binding as modeled with synthetic peptides
57. The C-terminal regulatory domain of p53 contains a functional docking site for cyclin A
58. Activation of p53 sequence-specific DNA-binding by acetylation of the p53 C-terminal domain
59. DNA damage activates p53 through a phosphorylation-acetylation cascade
60. Activation of p53 by conjugation to the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1
61. Human TAFII31 protein is a transcriptional coactivator of the p53 protein
62. p53 transcriptional activation mediated by coactivators TAFII40 and TAFII60
63. The alpha-helical FXXPhiPhi motif in p53: TAF interaction and discrimination by MDM2
64. Distinct residues of human p53 implicated in binding to DNA, simian virus 40 large T antigen, 53BP1, and 538P2
65. Two cellular proteins that bind to wild-type but not mutant p53
66. A viral mechanism for inhibition of p300 and PCAF acetyltransferase activity
67. Acetylation of MyoD directed by PCAF is necessary for the execution of the muscle program
68. Crystal structure of the histone acetyltransferase domain of the human PCAF transcriptional regulator bound to coenzyme A
69. The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase
70. The TAF(II)250 subunit of TFIID has histone acetyltransferase activity
71. p53 sites acetylated in vitro by PCAF and p300 are acetylated in vivo in response to DNA damage
72. Post-translational modification of p53 protein in response to ionizing radiation analyzed by mass spectrometry
73. A novel cofactor for p300 that regulates the p53 response
74. UV irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells
75. The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53
76. Degradation of p53 can be targeted by HPV E6 sequences distinct from those required for p53 binding and trans-activation
77. The mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53-mediated transactivation
78. Oligomerization is required for p53 to be efficiently ubiquitinated by MDM2
79. Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2
80. Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53
81. Mdm2 association with p53 targets its ubiquitination
82. Stabilization of p53 by adenovirus E1A occurs through its amino-terminal region by modification of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
83. Several hydrophobic amino acids in the p53 amino-terminal domain are required for transcriptional activation, binding to mdm-2 and the adenovirus 5 E1B 55-kD protein
84. Immunochemical analysis of the interaction of p53 with MDM2: Fine mapping of the MDM2 binding site on p53 using synthetic peptides
85. Two critical hydrophobic amino acids in the N-terminal domain of the p53 protein are required for the gain of function phenotypes of human p53 mutants
86. Structure of the MDM2 oncoprotein bound to the p53 tumor suppressor transactivation domain
87. Mdm2 binding to a conformationally sensitive domain on p53 can be modulated by RNA
88. Mapping of the p53 and mdm-2 interaction domains
89. The proliferation of normal human fibroblasts is dependent upon negative regulation of p53 function by MDM2
90. Tolerance of high levels of wild-type p53 in transformed epithelial cells dependent on auto-regulation by mdm-2
91. Rescue of early embryonic lethality in mdm2-deficient mice by deletion of p53
92. Design of a synthetic Mdm2-binding mini protein that activates the p53 response in vivo
93. Transcription factor E2F-1 is upregulated in response to DNA damage in a manner analogous to that of p53
94. An N-terminal p14ARF peptide blocks Mdm2-dependent ubiquitination in vitro and can activate p53 in vivo
95. The Ink4a tumor suppressor gene product, p19Arf, interacts with MDM2 and neutralizes MDM2's inhibition of p53
96. ARF promotes MDM2 degradation and stabilizes p53: ARF-INK4a locus deletion impairs both the Rb and p53 tumor suppression pathways
97. Functional and physical interactions of the ARF tumor suppressor with p53 and Mdm2
98. Myc signaling via the ARF tumor suppressor regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and immortalization
99. E1A signaling to p53 involves the p19(ARF) tumor suppressor
100. The alternative product from the human CDKN2A locus, p14(ARF), participates in a regulatory feedback loop with p53 and MDM2
101. p14ARF links the tumour suppressors RB and p53
102. Nucleolar Arf sequesters Mdm2 and activates p53
103. Activation of p53 by oncogenes
104. The MDM2 oncoprotein binds specifically to RNA through its RING finger domain
105. The ribosomal L5 protein is associated with mdm-2 and mdm-2-p53 complexes
106. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2
107. Serine15 phosphorylation stimulates p53 transactivation but does not directly influence interaction with HDM2
108. Novel phosphorylation sites of human tumour suppressor protein p53 at Ser20 and Thr18 that disrupt the binding of mdm2 (mouse double minute 2) protein are modified in human cancers
109. Dephosphorylation of p53 at Ser20 after cellular exposure to low levels of nonionizing radiation
110. The human homologs of checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1 (Chk2) phosphorylate p53 at multiple DNA damage-inducible sites
111. Chk2/hCds1 functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G(1) by stabilizing p53
112. p53-Dependent growth arrest and altered p53-immunoreactivity following metabolic labelling with 32P ortho-phosphate in human fibroblasts
113. Damage-mediated phosphorylation of human p53 threonine 18 through a cascade mediated by a casein 1-like kinase. Effect on Mdm2 binding
114. p53 is a general repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription
115. The FHA domain is a modular phosphopeptide recognition motif
116. Participation of p53 protein in the cellular response: To DNA damage
117. Differential induction of transcriptionally active p53 following UV or ionizing radiation: Defects in chromosome instability syndromes?
118. Induction of nuclear accumulation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 by DNA-damaging agents
119. Enhancement of DNA repair in human skin cells by thymidine dinucleotides: Evidence for a p53-mediated mammalian SOS response
120. Thymidine dinucleotide mimics the effect of solar simulated irradiation on p53 and p53-regulated proteins
121. Sensitivity and selectivity of the DNA damage sensor responsible for activating p53-dependent G1 arrest
122. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia
123. DNA damage induces phosphorylation of the amino terminus of p53
124. ATM-dependent activation of p53 involves dephosphorylation and association with 14-13-3 proteins
125. UVA radiation-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in vitro and in human skin fibroblasts is dependent on iron and singlet oxygen
126. Active oxygen species mediate the solar ultraviolet radiation-dependent increase in the tumour suppressor protein p53 in human skin fibroblasts
127. Oxidative stress is involved in the UV activation of p53
128. Genetic interaction between HAP1/REF-1 and p53
129. Identification of redox/repair protein Ref-1 as a potent activator of p53
130. Ref-1 regulates the transactivation and pro-apoptotic functions of p53 in vivo
131. A mutation in a thioredoxin reductase homolog suppresses p53-induced growth inhibition in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
132. Deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TRR1 gene encoding thioredoxin reductase inhibits p53-dependent reporter gene expression
133. Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of p53-mediated p21 activation
134. Increased skin tumorigenesis in mice lacking pi class glutathione S-transferases
135. Gene expression and the thiol redox state
136. U.v.-induced nuclear accumulation of p53 is evoked through DNA damage of actively transcribed genes independent of the cell cycle
137. High sensitivity of the ultraviolet-induced p53 response in ultraviolet-sensitive syndrome, a photosensitive disorder with a putative defect in deoxyribonucleic acid repair of actively transcribed genes
138. XPA-deficiency in hairless mice causes a shift in skin tumor types and mutational target genes after exposure to low doses of U.V.B
139. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II as a trigger for the p53 response
140. Blockage of RNA polymerase as a possible trigger for u.v. light-induced apoptosis
141. Transcription abnormalities potentiate apoptosis of normal human fibroblasts
142. Transformed cells require continuous activity of RNA polymerase II to resist oncogene-induced apoptosis
143. Thermodynamic stability of wild-type and mutant p53 core domain
144. Quantitative analysis of residual folding and DNA-binding in mutant p53 core domain: Definition of mutant states for rescue in cancer therapy
145. Phosphorylation of serine 392 stabilizes the tetramer formation of tumor suppressor protein p53
146. Activation of the cryptic DNA-binding function of mutant forms of p53
147. Increased and altered DNA-binding of human p53 by S and G2/M but not G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
148. Modification of two distinct COOH-terminal domains is required for murine p53 activation by bacterial Hsp70
149. The N terminus of the murine p53 tumour suppressor is an independent regulatory domain affecting activation and thermostability
150. Protein interactions at the carboxyl terminus of p53 result in the induction of its in vitro transactivation potential
151. Negative regulation of the heat shock transcriptional response by HSBP1
152. The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis
153. I kappa B proteins: Structure function and regulation
154. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the hdm2 oncoprotein regulates the levels of the p53 protein via a pathway used by the human immunodeficiency virus rev protein
155. Effects on normal fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells of the activation of the p53 response by the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B
156. Accumulating active p53 in the nucleus by inhibition of nuclear export: A novel strategy to promote the p53 tumor suppressor function
157. An inhibitor of nuclear export activates the p53 response and induces the localization of HDM2 and p53 to U1A-positive nuclear bodies associated with the PODs
158. JNK targets p53 ubiquitination and degradation in nonstressed cells
159. Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas
160. Ubiquitous induction of p53 in tumor cells by antisense inhibition of MDM2 expression
161. Synergistic activation of p53 by inhibition of MDM2 expression and DNA damage
162. Activating mutations in p53 produce a common conformational effect. A monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant form
163. Genetic and immunochemical analysis of mutant p53 in human breast cancer cell lines
164. Regulation of p53 protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines
165. Geldanamycin-stimulated destabilization of mutated p53 is mediated by the proteasome in vivo
166. The physical association of multiple molecular chaperone proteins with mutant p53 is altered by geldanamycin, an hsp90-binding agent
167. p53 protein stability in tumour cells is not determined by mutation but is dependent on Mdm2 binding
168. Regulation of mutant p53 temperature-sensitive DNA-binding
169. Temperature sensitivity of human wild-type and mutant p53 proteins expressed in vivo
170. Hot-spot mutants of p53 core domain evince characteristic local structural changes
171. Allosteric regulation of the thermostability and DNA-binding activity of human p53 by specific interacting proteins
172. Semirational design of active tumor suppressor p53 DNA-binding domain with enhanced stability
173. Molecular evolution of the thermosensitive PAb1620 epitope of human p53 by DNA shuffling
174. Pharmacological rescue of mutant p53 conformation and function
175. Specific interaction between the p53 cellular tumour antigen and major heat shock proteins
176. Principles of protein folding in the cellular environment
177. Stress-induced activation of the heat-shock response: Cell and molecular biology of heat-shock factors
178. The Hsp90 complex - A super-chaperone machine as a novel drug target
179. Malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells by overexpression of mot-2 protein
180. Inactivation of tumor suppressor p53 by mot-2, a hsp70 family member
181. NIH 3T3 cells malignantly transformed by mot-2 show inactivation and cytoplasmic sequestration of the p53 protein
182. KF25706, a novel oxime derivative of radicicol, exhibits in vivo antitumor activity via selective depletion of Hsp90 binding signaling molecules
183. DT-Diaphorase expression and tumor cell sensitivity to 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90
184. Geldanamycin selectively destabilizes and conformationally alters mutated p53
185. Mutant conformation of p53 translated in vitro or in vivo requires functional HSP90
186. Aberrant expression of the p53 oncoprotein is a common feature of a wide spectrum of human malignancies
187. ONYX-015: Clinical data are encouraging
188. Killing tumor cells with viruses - A question of specificity
189. Definition of a p53 transactivation function-deficient mutant and characterization of two independent p53 transactivation subdomains
190. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression
191. p21(Waf1/Cip1) protects against p53-mediated apoptosis of human melanoma cells
192. New functional activities for the p21 family of CDK inhibitors
193. The p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) CDK 'inhibitors' are essential activators of cyclin D-dependent kinases in murine fibroblasts
194. Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation
195. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
196. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p21 are components of multiple cell cycle kinase complexes
197. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by p21
198. Complete inhibition of Cdk/cyclin by one molecule of p21(Cip1)
199. Activity and nature of p21(WAF1) complexes during the cell cycle
200. p21-containing cyclic kinases exist in both active and inactive states
201. Cell-cycle inhibition by independent CDK and PCNA binding domains in p21Cip1
202. Separate domains of p21 involved in the inhibition of Cdk kinase and PCNA
203. Identification of the active region of the DNA synthesis inhibitory gene p21Sdi1/CIP1/WAF1
204. Analysis of wild-type and mutant p21WAF-1 gene activities
205. Cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of Cdk4 activity by small peptides based on the carboxy-terminal domain of p21WAF1
206. Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
207. A small peptide inhibitor of DNA replication defines the site of interaction between the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
208. Reversible phosphorylation at the C-terminal regulatory domain of p21(Waf1/Cip1) modulates proliferating cell nuclear antigen binding
209. Caspase 3 specifically cleaves p21WAF1/CIP1 in the earlier stage of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 human hepatoma cells
210. p21(Waf1/Cip1) inhibition of cyclin E/Cdk2 activity prevents endoreduplication after mitotic spindle disruption
211. Growth inhibition by CDK-cyclin and PCNA binding domains of p21 occurs by distinct mechanisms and is regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
212. p21waf1/cip1 protein associates with the detergent-insoluble form of PCNA concomitantly with disassembly of PCNA at nucleotide excision repair sites
213. Repair defect in p21 WAF1/CIP1(-/-) human cancer cells
214. In vivo gene therapy with p53 or p21 adenovirus for prostate cancer
215. Loss of p21 increases sensitivity to ionizing radiation and delays the onset of lymphoma in atm-deficient mice
216. Involvement of p53 and p21 in cellular defects and tumorigenesis in Atm(-/-) mice
217. Heterozygosity of p21WAF1/CIP1 enhances tumor cell proliferation and cyclin D1-associated kinase activity in a murine mammary cancer model
218. Trojan peptides: The penetratin system for intracellular delivery
219. A p21(Waf1/Cip1) carboxyl-terminal peptide exhibited cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity when introduced into human cells
220. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo
221. Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene
222. Checkpoints of dueling dimers foil death wishes
223. Release of cytochrome c and decrease of cytochrome c oxidase in Bax-expressing yeast cells, and prevention of these effects by coexpression of Bcl-xL
224. Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival after Bax-induced release of cytochrome c
225. Hsp70 exerts its anti-apoptotic function downstream of caspase-3-like proteases
226. Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed Bcl-2 homologue Bak
227. Bax-independent inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl-XL
228. A conserved domain in Bak, distinct from BH1 and BH2, mediates cell death and protein binding functions
229. Regulation of apoptosis by BH3 domains in a cell-free system
230. Bak BH3 peptides antagonize Bcl-xL function and induce apoptosis through cytochrome c-independent activation of caspases
231. An acidic environment leads to p53 dependent induction of apoptosis in human adenoma and carcinoma cell lines: Implications for clonal selection during colorectal carcinogenesis
232. Nuclear accumulation of p53 in normal human fibroblasts is induced by various cellular stresses which evoke the heat shock response, independency of the cell cycle
233. Heat shock induces transient p53-dependent cell cycle arrest at G1/S
234. A reversible, p53-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest induced by ribonucleotide depletion in the absence of detectable DNA damage
235. Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours
236. A role for ATR in the DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53
237. Potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 induce nuclear accumulation of wild-type p53 and nucleolar fragmentation in human untransformed and tumor-derived cells
238. DNA damage-induced activation of p53 by the checkpoint kinase Chk2
239. Role of human Cds1 (Chk2) kinase in DNA damage checkpoint and its regulation by p53
240. The double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase PKR physically associates with the tumor suppressor p53 protein and phosphorylates human p53 on serine 392 in vitro
241. Double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase PKR enhances transcriptional activation by tumor suppressor p53
242. The second BRCT domain of BRCA1 proteins interacts with p53 and stimulates transcription from the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter
243. DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints and DNA strand break repair in development and tumorigenesis
244. p53 mutations in BRCA1-associated familial breast cancer
245. 14-13-3Sigma is required to prevent mitotic catastrophe after DNA damage
246. 14-13-3 Sigma is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression
247. Transcriptional activation of the human glutathione peroxidase promoter by p53
248. The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop
249. Induction of the growth inhibitor IGF-binding protein 3 by p53
250. The p53/IGF-1 receptor axis in the regulation of programmed cell death
251. p53 mutations in human cancers
252. Somatic point mutations in the p53 gene of human tumors and cell lines: Updated compilation
253. Crystal structure of the tetramerization domain of the p53 tumor suppressor at 1.7 angstroms
254. HSP70 binding sites in the tumor suppressor protein p53
255. Human p53 inhibits growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
256. Characterisation of epitopes on human p53 using phage-displayed peptide libraries: Insights into antibody-peptide interactions
257. The development and use of phospho-specific antibodies to study protein phosphorylation
258. Signaling to p53: Breaking the posttranslational modification code
259. A C-terminal alpha-helix plus basic region motif is the major structural determinant of p53 tetramerization
260. The p53 protein is an unusually shaped tetramer that binds directly to DNA
261. Restoration of the growth suppression function of mutant p53 by a synthetic peptide derived from the p53 C-terminal domain
262. Reactivation of mutant p53 through interaction of a C-terminal peptide with the core domain
263. Temperature-dependent switching between 'wild-type' and 'mutant' forms of p53-Val135
264. Biochemical characterization of different conformational states of the Sf9 cell-purified p53His175 mutant protein
265. A phase I study of Onyx-015, an E1B attenuated adenovirus, administered intratumorally to patients with recurrent head and neck cancer
266. In vivo antitumor activity of ONYX-015 is influenced by p53 status and is augmented by radiotherapy
267. ONYX-015 works synergistically with chemotherapy in lung cancer cell lines and primary cultures freshly made from lung cancer patients