Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors: How mutations can result in therapy resistance and how to overcome resistance

Oncotarget

Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1068-1111

  McCubrey, James A ^a   Steelman, Linda S ^a   Chappell, William H ^a   Abrams, Stephen L ^a   Franklin, Richard A ^a   Montalto, Giuseppe ^b   Cervello, Melchiorre ^c   Libra, Massimo ^d   Candido, Saverio ^d   Malaponte, Grazia ^d   Mazzarino, Maria C ^d   Fagone, Paolo ^d   Nicoletti, Ferdinando ^d   Bäsecke, Jörg ^e   Mijatovic, Sanja ^f   Maksimovic Ivanic, Danijela ^f   Milella, Michele ^g   Tafuri, Agostino ^h   Chiarini, Francesca ⁱ   Evangelisti, Camilla ⁱ   Cocco, Lucio ^j   Martelli, Alberto M ^i,j   more..

^a EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

^c CNR   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

^g REGINA ELENA NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^h SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

ⁱ RIZZOLI ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^j UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

Akt; Cancer stem cells; mTOR; PI3K; Raf; Targeted therapy; Therapy resistance

Indexed keywords

2 [4 (1 HYDROXYIMINO 5 INDANYL) 3 (4 PYRIDINYL) 1H PYRAZOL 1 YL]ETHANOL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ASPARAGINASE; AZ 628; B RAF KINASE; B RAF KINASE INHIBITOR; CARBOPLATIN; CCT 239065; CHIR 265; DABRAFENIB; DACARBAZINE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; FINGOLIMOD; GEMCITABINE; GSK 112012; GSK 2126458; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; N [3 (5 CHLORO 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDINE 3 CARBONYL) 2,4 DIFLUOROPHENYL]PROPANESULFONAMIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE INHIBITOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE INHIBITOR; PLX 5568; PROTEIN KINASE B INHIBITOR; RAPAMYCIN; RAS PROTEIN INHIBITOR; RDEA 119; REFAMETINIB; REGORAFENIB; SORAFENIB; TRAMETINIB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VEMURAFENIB; XL 281;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ADVANCED CANCER; BLADDER CANCER; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER CELL DESTRUCTION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; COLON CARCINOMA; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; GENE ACTIVATION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMAN; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; KIDNEY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; MELANOMA; METASTATIC MELANOMA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOLID TUMOR; SURVIVAL TIME;

EID: 84871491627     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19492553     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.659     Document Type: Review

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