메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1026-1034

Oral treatment for multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; CLADRIBINE; FINGOLIMOD; FUMARIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER; LAQUINIMOD; PLACEBO; TERIFLUNOMIDE;

EID: 80054734945     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: 14744465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70228-9     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (91)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0029161628 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group
    • Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Neurology 1995, 45:1277-1285.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1277-1285
  • 2
    • 0345601517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group. Lancet 1998, 352:1498-1504.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1498-1504
  • 3
    • 0008678962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG)
    • Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Ann Neurol 1996, 39:285-294.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 285-294
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Cookfair, D.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 4
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995, 45:1268-1276.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 0037153729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial
    • Hartung HP, Gonsette R, Konig N, et al. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002, 360:2018-2025.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 2018-2025
    • Hartung, H.P.1    Gonsette, R.2    Konig, N.3
  • 6
    • 33644584352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:899-910.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 899-910
    • Polman, C.H.1    O'Connor, P.W.2    Havrdova, E.3
  • 7
    • 33644608613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:911-923.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 911-923
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Stuart, W.H.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 8
    • 0042932742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrupted therapy: stopping and switching of the beta-interferons prescribed for MS
    • Tremlett HL, Oger J Interrupted therapy: stopping and switching of the beta-interferons prescribed for MS. Neurology 2003, 61:551-554.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 551-554
    • Tremlett, H.L.1    Oger, J.2
  • 9
    • 77949279537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases
    • Clifford DB, DeLuca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:438-446.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 438-446
    • Clifford, D.B.1    DeLuca, A.2    Simpson, D.M.3    Arendt, G.4    Giovannoni, G.5    Nath, A.6
  • 10
    • 77951828930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence report: the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Marriott JJ, Miyasaki JM, Gronseth G, O'Connor PW Evidence report: the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010, 74:1463-1470.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 1463-1470
    • Marriott, J.J.1    Miyasaki, J.M.2    Gronseth, G.3    O'Connor, P.W.4
  • 11
    • 79957449040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Vermersch P, Kappos L, Gold R, et al. Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2011, 76:1697-1704.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1697-1704
    • Vermersch, P.1    Kappos, L.2    Gold, R.3
  • 12
    • 76149140914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:402-415.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 402-415
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 13
    • 76149083915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:416-426.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 416-426
    • Giovannoni, G.1    Comi, G.2    Cook, S.3
  • 14
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:387-401.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.W.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 15
    • 84857118253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merck Serono, (accessed Sept 15, 2011).
    • Merck Serono: Regulatory Update on Cladribine Tablets Merck Serono, (accessed Sept 15, 2011). http://www.merckserono.net/corp.merckserono_2011/en/images/20110622_en_tcm1494_76074.pdf?Version=.
    • Merck Serono: Regulatory Update on Cladribine Tablets
  • 16
    • 33645799680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses
    • O'Connor PW, Li D, Freedman MS, et al. A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses. Neurology 2006, 66:894-900.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 894-900
    • O'Connor, P.W.1    Li, D.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 17
    • 45249107267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of laquinimod on MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study
    • for the LAQ/5062 Study Group
    • Comi G, Pulizzi A, Rovaris M, et al. Effect of laquinimod on MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study. Lancet 2008, 371:2085-2092. for the LAQ/5062 Study Group.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 2085-2092
    • Comi, G.1    Pulizzi, A.2    Rovaris, M.3
  • 18
    • 54149116366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study
    • for the BG-12 Phase IIb Study Investigators
    • Kappos L, Gold R, Miller DH, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study. Lancet 2008, 372:1463-1472. for the BG-12 Phase IIb Study Investigators.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1463-1472
    • Kappos, L.1    Gold, R.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 19
    • 84865165797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and MRI outcomes from a phase III trial (TEMSO) of oral teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses
    • Miller A, O'Connor P, Wolinsky JS, et al. Clinical and MRI outcomes from a phase III trial (TEMSO) of oral teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses. Neurology 2011, 76:S41.002.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76
    • Miller, A.1    O'Connor, P.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 20
    • 80054721408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral laquinimod reduced relapse rate and delayed progression of disability in allegro, a placebo-controlled phase III trial for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Comi G Oral laquinimod reduced relapse rate and delayed progression of disability in allegro, a placebo-controlled phase III trial for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2011, 76(9, suppl 4):7PP.001.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 4
    • Comi, G.1
  • 21
    • 84930691698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TEVAPHARMA, (accessed Sept 15, 2011).
    • Results of Phase III Bravo trial TEVAPHARMA, (accessed Sept 15, 2011). http://www.tevapharm.com/en-US/Media/News/Pages/Bravo.aspx.
    • Results of Phase III Bravo trial
  • 23
    • 77954864204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod is a potential novel therapy for multiple sclerosis
    • Aktas O, Kury P, Kieseier B, Hartung HP Fingolimod is a potential novel therapy for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2010, 6:373-382.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 373-382
    • Aktas, O.1    Kury, P.2    Kieseier, B.3    Hartung, H.P.4
  • 24
    • 79955455801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA, Chun J Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011, 69:759-777.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 759-777
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Chun, J.2
  • 25
    • 84856209651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy
    • published online May 26.
    • Ingwersen J, Aktas O, Kuery P, Kieseier B, Boyko A, Hartung HP Fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. Clin Immunol 2011, published online May 26. 10.1016/j.clim.2011.05.005.
    • (2011) Clin Immunol
    • Ingwersen, J.1    Aktas, O.2    Kuery, P.3    Kieseier, B.4    Boyko, A.5    Hartung, H.P.6
  • 26
    • 79952016751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future clinical challenges in multiple sclerosis: relevance to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator therapy
    • Hohlfeld R, Barkhof F, Polman C Future clinical challenges in multiple sclerosis: relevance to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator therapy. Neurology 2011, 76:S28-S37.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76
    • Hohlfeld, R.1    Barkhof, F.2    Polman, C.3
  • 27
    • 77956275980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis
    • Conway D, Cohen JA Emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2010, 10:381-388.
    • (2010) Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep , vol.10 , pp. 381-388
    • Conway, D.1    Cohen, J.A.2
  • 28
    • 77955358808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th17 central memory T cells are reduced by FTY720 in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Mehling M, Lindberg R, Raulf F, et al. Th17 central memory T cells are reduced by FTY720 in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2010, 75:403-410.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 403-410
    • Mehling, M.1    Lindberg, R.2    Raulf, F.3
  • 29
    • 77950534540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis and experimental encephalomyelitis
    • Axtell RC, de Jong BA, Boniface K, et al. T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis and experimental encephalomyelitis. Nat Med 2010, 16:406-412.
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 406-412
    • Axtell, R.C.1    de Jong, B.A.2    Boniface, K.3
  • 30
    • 79551674537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation
    • Choi JW, Gardell SE, Herr DR, et al. FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011, 108:751-756.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 751-756
    • Choi, J.W.1    Gardell, S.E.2    Herr, D.R.3
  • 31
    • 77955799815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Antel J, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:1124-1140.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1124-1140
    • Kappos, L.1    Antel, J.2    Comi, G.3
  • 32
    • 79956024142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study
    • on behalf of the TRANSFORMS Study Group
    • Khatri B, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:520-529. on behalf of the TRANSFORMS Study Group.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 520-529
    • Khatri, B.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 33
    • 78649826782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral therapies for multiple sclerosis: a review of agents in phase III development or recently approved
    • Gold R Oral therapies for multiple sclerosis: a review of agents in phase III development or recently approved. CNS Drugs 2011, 25:37-52.
    • (2011) CNS Drugs , vol.25 , pp. 37-52
    • Gold, R.1
  • 34
    • 77949261573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of oral cladribine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Hartung HP, Aktas O, Kieseier B, Comi GC Development of oral cladribine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2010, 257:163-170.
    • (2010) J Neurol , vol.257 , pp. 163-170
    • Hartung, H.P.1    Aktas, O.2    Kieseier, B.3    Comi, G.C.4
  • 35
    • 0031043125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical pharmacokinetics of cladribine
    • Liliemark J The clinical pharmacokinetics of cladribine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997, 32:120-131.
    • (1997) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.32 , pp. 120-131
    • Liliemark, J.1
  • 36
    • 0027525929 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine
    • Kawasaki H, Carrera CJ, Piro LD, et al. Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Blood 1993, 81:597-601.
    • (1993) Blood , vol.81 , pp. 597-601
    • Kawasaki, H.1    Carrera, C.J.2    Piro, L.D.3
  • 37
    • 0034646216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cladribine and progressive MS: clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Cladribine MRI Study Group
    • Rice GP, Filippi M, Comi G Cladribine and progressive MS: clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Cladribine MRI Study Group. Neurology 2000, 54:1145-1155.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1145-1155
    • Rice, G.P.1    Filippi, M.2    Comi, G.3
  • 39
    • 0029983154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with cladribine
    • Beutler E, Sipe JC, Romine JS, et al. The treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with cladribine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:1716-1720.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 1716-1720
    • Beutler, E.1    Sipe, J.C.2    Romine, J.S.3
  • 40
    • 0032908474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cladribine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Romine JS, Sipe JC, Koziol JA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cladribine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1999, 111:35-44.
    • (1999) Proc Assoc Am Physicians , vol.111 , pp. 35-44
    • Romine, J.S.1    Sipe, J.C.2    Koziol, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 79952735730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis
    • on behalf of the CLARITY study group
    • Giovannoni G, Cook S, Rammohan K, et al. Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:329-337. on behalf of the CLARITY study group.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 329-337
    • Giovannoni, G.1    Cook, S.2    Rammohan, K.3
  • 42
    • 77956942049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis therapies: molecular mechanisms and future
    • Fontoura P, Garren H Multiple sclerosis therapies: molecular mechanisms and future. Results Probl Cell Differ 2010, 51:259-285.
    • (2010) Results Probl Cell Differ , vol.51 , pp. 259-285
    • Fontoura, P.1    Garren, H.2
  • 43
    • 84856220315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies in MS-teriflunomide
    • published online Feb 28.
    • Claussen MC, Korn T Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies in MS-teriflunomide. Clin Immunol 2011, published online Feb 28. 10.1016/j.clim.2011.02.011.
    • (2011) Clin Immunol
    • Claussen, M.C.1    Korn, T.2
  • 44
    • 0034624942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS: part I: trial design and clinical results. North American Linomide Investigators
    • Noseworthy JH, Wolinsky JS, Lublin FD, et al. Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS: part I: trial design and clinical results. North American Linomide Investigators. Neurology 2000, 54:1726-1733.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1726-1733
    • Noseworthy, J.H.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2    Lublin, F.D.3
  • 45
    • 0034624943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS: part II: MRI results. MRI Analysis Center of the University of Texas-Houston, Health Science Center, and the North American Linomide Investigators
    • Wolinsky JS, Narayana PA, Noseworthy JH, et al. Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS: part II: MRI results. MRI Analysis Center of the University of Texas-Houston, Health Science Center, and the North American Linomide Investigators. Neurology 2000, 54:1734-1741.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1734-1741
    • Wolinsky, J.S.1    Narayana, P.A.2    Noseworthy, J.H.3
  • 46
    • 0036710356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Brunmark C, Runstrom A, Ohlsson L, et al. The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2002, 130:163-172.
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.130 , pp. 163-172
    • Brunmark, C.1    Runstrom, A.2    Ohlsson, L.3
  • 47
    • 0036240732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by ABR-215062 is associated with altered Th1/Th2 balance and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells into the peripheral nerve tissue
    • Zou LP, Abbas N, Volkmann I, et al. Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by ABR-215062 is associated with altered Th1/Th2 balance and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells into the peripheral nerve tissue. Neuropharmacology 2002, 42:731-739.
    • (2002) Neuropharmacology , vol.42 , pp. 731-739
    • Zou, L.P.1    Abbas, N.2    Volkmann, I.3
  • 48
    • 79958770585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action
    • Bruck W, Wegner C Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action. J Neurol Sci 2011, 306:173-179.
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.306 , pp. 173-179
    • Bruck, W.1    Wegner, C.2
  • 49
    • 15244353263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS
    • Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, et al. Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS. Neurology 2005, 64:987-991.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 987-991
    • Polman, C.1    Barkhof, F.2    Sandberg-Wollheim, M.3
  • 50
    • 78449302875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral laquinimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 36-week double-blind active extension of the multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled study
    • Comi G, Abramsky O, Arbizu T, et al. Oral laquinimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 36-week double-blind active extension of the multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled study. Mult Scler 2010, 16:1360-1366.
    • (2010) Mult Scler , vol.16 , pp. 1360-1366
    • Comi, G.1    Abramsky, O.2    Arbizu, T.3
  • 51
    • 80054757453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of laquinimod on Cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice
    • Bruck W, Pfortner R, Wegner C Effect of laquinimod on Cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice. Neurology 2011, 76(9, suppl 4):P05.030.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 4
    • Bruck, W.1    Pfortner, R.2    Wegner, C.3
  • 52
    • 79952136166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway
    • Linker RA, Lee DH, Ryan S, et al. Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Brain 2011, 134:678-692.
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 678-692
    • Linker, R.A.1    Lee, D.H.2    Ryan, S.3
  • 53
    • 33745051595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fumaric acid esters for the treatment of active multiple sclerosis: an open-label, baseline-controlled pilot study
    • Schimrigk S, Brune N, Hellwig K, et al. Oral fumaric acid esters for the treatment of active multiple sclerosis: an open-label, baseline-controlled pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2006, 13:604-610.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 604-610
    • Schimrigk, S.1    Brune, N.2    Hellwig, K.3
  • 54
    • 79952740129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes
    • Coles AJ, Fox E, Vladic A, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:338-348.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 338-348
    • Coles, A.J.1    Fox, E.2    Vladic, A.3
  • 55
    • 60049089535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study
    • Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M, et al. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009, 8:254-260.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 254-260
    • Havrdova, E.1    Galetta, S.2    Hutchinson, M.3
  • 57
    • 0034727059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon β1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis
    • the Early Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon β1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:898-904. the Early Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 898-904
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Beck, R.W.2    Simon, J.H.3
  • 58
    • 0035912520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study
    • Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study. Lancet 2001, 357:1576-1582.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Barkhof, F.3
  • 59
    • 34547497820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study
    • for the BENEFIT Study Group
    • Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet 2007, 370:389-397. for the BENEFIT Study Group.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 389-397
    • Kappos, L.1    Freedman, M.S.2    Polman, C.H.3
  • 60
    • 70350786389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • for the PreCISe study group
    • Comi G, Martinelli V, Rodegher M, et al. Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009, 374:1503-1511. for the PreCISe study group.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1503-1511
    • Comi, G.1    Martinelli, V.2    Rodegher, M.3
  • 62
    • 77953454473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for clinical use of data on neutralising antibodies to interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH, Bertolotto A, Deisenhammer F, et al. Recommendations for clinical use of data on neutralising antibodies to interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:740-750.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 740-750
    • Polman, C.H.1    Bertolotto, A.2    Deisenhammer, F.3
  • 63
    • 77956387401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification
    • Gorelik L, Lerner M, Bixler S, et al. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. Ann Neurol 2010, 68:203-295.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 203-295
    • Gorelik, L.1    Lerner, M.2    Bixler, S.3
  • 64
    • 79958137883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • O'Connor PW, Goodman A, Kappos L, et al. Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2011, 76:1858-1865.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1858-1865
    • O'Connor, P.W.1    Goodman, A.2    Kappos, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.