메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 675-691

Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: The critical role of hunger-promoting neurons

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; AMFEBUTAMONE PLUS NALTREXONE; AMFEPRAMONE; ANTIOBESITY AGENT; BENZPHETAMINE; CETILISTAT; DEXFENFLURAMINE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; FENFLURAMINE; GHRELIN; LORCASERIN; METFORMIN; METHIONYL AMINOPEPTIDASE 2 INHIBITOR; NALTREXONE; PHENDIMETRAZINE; PHENTERMINE; PHENTERMINE PLUS TOPIRAMATE; PLACEBO; QSYMIA; RESVERATROL; RIMONABANT; SIBUTRAMINE; SULFONYLUREA; TARANABANT; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; TOPIRAMATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84866108680     PISSN: 14741776     EISSN: 14741784     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrd3739     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (173)

References (265)
  • 1
    • 79951558318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National regional and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants
    • Finucane, M. M. et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet 377, 557-567 (2011).
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 557-567
    • Finucane, M.M.1
  • 2
    • 84857425784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapies for obesity: Past, current, and future therapies
    • Ioannides-Demos, L. L., Piccenna, L. & McNeil, J. J. Pharmacotherapies for obesity: past, current, and future therapies. J. Obes. 2 011, 179674 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Obes. , vol.2011 , pp. 179674
    • Ioannides-Demos, L.L.1    Piccenna, L.2    McNeil, J.J.3
  • 3
    • 78650847815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspense builds on anti-obesity rollercoaster ride
    • Jones, D. Suspense builds on anti-obesity rollercoaster ride. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 5-6 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.10 , pp. 5-6
    • Jones, D.1
  • 4
    • 79953244766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity drugs: Are they worth it?
    • Huntington, M. K. & Shewmake, R. A. Anti-obesity drugs: are they worth it? Future Med. Chem. 3, 267-269 (2011).
    • (2011) Future Med. Chem. , vol.3 , pp. 267-269
    • Huntington, M.K.1    Shewmake, R.A.2
  • 6
    • 83055164379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Man the fat hunter: The demise of Homo erectus and the emergence of a new hominin lineage in the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 400 kyr) Levant
    • Ben-Dor, M., Gopher, A., Hershkovitz, I. & Barkai, R. Man the fat hunter: the demise of Homo erectus and the emergence of a new hominin lineage in the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 400 kyr) Levant. PLoS ONE 6, e28689 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Ben-Dor, M.1    Gopher, A.2    Hershkovitz, I.3    Barkai, R.4
  • 7
    • 0021965878 scopus 로고
    • Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications
    • Eaton, S. B. & Konner, M. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 312, 283-289 (1985).
    • (1985) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.312 , pp. 283-289
    • Eaton, S.B.1    Konner, M.2
  • 8
    • 0036885140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food for thought. Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
    • Leonard, W. R. Food for thought. Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution. Sci. Am. 287, 106-115 (2002).
    • (2002) Sci. Am. , vol.287 , pp. 106-115
    • Leonard, W.R.1
  • 9
    • 0022500985 scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of learning and memory
    • Thompson, R. F. The neurobiology of learning and memory. Science 233, 941-947 (1986).
    • (1986) Science , vol.233 , pp. 941-947
    • Thompson, R.F.1
  • 10
    • 0242363255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of stored and available fuel by the CNS: Implications for obesity
    • Seeley, R. J. & Woods, S. C. Monitoring of stored and available fuel by the CNS: implications for obesity. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 4, 901-909 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 901-909
    • Seeley, R.J.1    Woods, S.C.2
  • 11
    • 33845572889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the physiological functions of the melanocortin system
    • Cone, R. Studies on the physiological functions of the melanocortin system. Endocr. Rev. 27, 736-749 (2006).
    • (2006) Endocr. Rev. , vol.27 , pp. 736-749
    • Cone, R.1
  • 12
    • 34547701951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of feeding and energy expenditure
    • Gao, Q. & Horvath, T. L. Neurobiology of feeding and energy expenditure. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 367-398 (2007).
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 367-398
    • Gao, Q.1    Horvath, T.L.2
  • 13
    • 69949104511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating human aging and age-associated diseases
    • Fontana, L. Modulating human aging and age-associated diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1790, 1133-1138 (2009).
    • (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1790 , pp. 1133-1138
    • Fontana, L.1
  • 15
    • 77951176737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending healthy life span\from yeast to humans
    • Fontana, L., Partridge, L. & Longo, V. D. Extending healthy life span\from yeast to humans. Science 328, 321-326 (2010).
    • (2010) Science , vol.328 , pp. 321-326
    • Fontana, L.1    Partridge, L.2    Longo, V.D.3
  • 16
    • 84990756135 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic lesions and adiposity in the rat
    • Hetherington, A. W. & Ranson, S. W. Hypothalamic lesions and adiposity in the rat. Anat. Rec. 78, 149-172 (1940).
    • (1940) Anat. Rec. , vol.78 , pp. 149-172
    • Hetherington, A.W.1    Ranson, S.W.2
  • 17
    • 84981834057 scopus 로고
    • The relation of various hypothalamic lesions to adiposity in the rat
    • Hetherington, A. W. & Ranson, S. W. The relation of various hypothalamic lesions to adiposity in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 76, 475-499 (1942).
    • (1942) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.76 , pp. 475-499
    • Hetherington, A.W.1    Ranson, S.W.2
  • 18
    • 3542998657 scopus 로고
    • Non-production of hypothalamic obesity in the rat by lesions rostral or dorsal to the ventro-medial hypothalamic nuclei
    • Hetherington, A. W. Non-production of hypothalamic obesity in the rat by lesions rostral or dorsal to the ventro-medial hypothalamic nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 80, 33-45 (1944).
    • (1944) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.80 , pp. 33-45
    • Hetherington, A.W.1
  • 19
    • 76949125582 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats
    • Anand, B. K. & Brobeck, J. R. Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats. Yale J. Biol. Med. 24, 123-140 (1951).
    • (1951) Yale J. Biol. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 123-140
    • Anand, B.K.1    Brobeck, J.R.2
  • 20
    • 84964125510 scopus 로고
    • Localization of a "feeding center" in the hypothalamus of the rat
    • Anand, B. K. & Brobeck, J. R. Localization of a "feeding center" in the hypothalamus of the rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 77, 323-324 (1951).
    • (1951) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 323-324
    • Anand, B.K.1    Brobeck, J.R.2
  • 21
    • 0008390266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity
    • De Lecea, L. et al. The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 322-327 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 322-327
    • De Lecea, L.1
  • 22
    • 20244380014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexins and orexin receptors: A family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior
    • Sakurai, T. et al. Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell 92, 573-585 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 573-585
    • Sakurai, T.1
  • 23
    • 13344279395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for melanin-concentrating hormone in the central regulation of feeding behaviour
    • Qu, D. Q. et al. A role for melanin-concentrating hormone in the central regulation of feeding behaviour. Nature 380, 243-247 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 243-247
    • Qu, D.Q.1
  • 24
    • 0014668762 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate
    • Olney, J. W. Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate. Science 164, 719-721 (1969).
    • (1969) Science , vol.164 , pp. 719-721
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 25
    • 27344431720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPY/AgRP neurons are essential for feeding in adult mice but can be ablated in neonates
    • Luquet, S., Perez, F., Hnasko, T. & Palmiter, R. NPY/AgRP neurons are essential for feeding in adult mice but can be ablated in neonates. Science 310, 683-685 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 683-685
    • Luquet, S.1    Perez, F.2    Hnasko, T.3    Palmiter, R.4
  • 26
    • 67549112681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of GABAergic signaling by AgRP neurons to the parabrachial nucleus leads to starvation
    • Wu, Q., Boyle, M. & Palmiter, R. Loss of GABAergic signaling by AgRP neurons to the parabrachial nucleus leads to starvation. Cell 137, 1225-1234 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell , vol.137 , pp. 1225-1234
    • Wu, Q.1    Boyle, M.2    Palmiter, R.3
  • 27
    • 27344433932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons are mandatory for feeding
    • Gropp, E. et al. Agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons are mandatory for feeding. Nature Neurosci. 8, 1289-1291 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 1289-1291
    • Gropp, E.1
  • 28
    • 26444540359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-embryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype
    • Bewick, G. et al. Post-embryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype. FASEB J. 19, 1680-1682 (2005).
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , pp. 1680-1682
    • Bewick, G.1
  • 29
    • 67549151039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA keeps up an appetite for life
    • Dietrich, M. O. & Horvath, T. L. GABA keeps up an appetite for life. Cell 137, 1177-1179 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell , vol.137 , pp. 1177-1179
    • Dietrich, M.O.1    Horvath, T.L.2
  • 30
    • 0032130554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons
    • Hahn, T., Breininger, J., Baskin, D. & Schwartz, M. Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons. Nature Neurosci. 1, 271-272 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 271-272
    • Hahn, T.1    Breininger, J.2    Baskin, D.3    Schwartz, M.4
  • 31
    • 0026463547 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide-Y innervation of β-endorphin-containing cells in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus: A light and electron microscopic double immunostaining analysis
    • Horvath, T., Naftolin, F., Kalra, S. & Leranth, C. Neuropeptide-Y innervation of β-endorphin-containing cells in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus: a light and electron microscopic double immunostaining analysis. Endocrinology 131, 2461-2467 (1992).
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 2461-2467
    • Horvath, T.1    Naftolin, F.2    Kalra, S.3    Leranth, C.4
  • 32
    • 0030990363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in the neuropeptide Y-containing neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus: GABAergic and non-GABAergic subpopulations
    • Horvath, T. L., Bechmann, I., Naftolin, F., Kalra, S. P. & Leranth, C. Heterogeneity in the neuropeptide Y-containing neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus: GABAergic and non-GABAergic subpopulations. Brain Res. 756, 283-286 (1997).
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.756 , pp. 283-286
    • Horvath, T.L.1    Bechmann, I.2    Naftolin, F.3    Kalra, S.P.4    Leranth, C.5
  • 33
    • 0021248888 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide-Y and human pancreatic-polypeptide stimulate feeding-behavior in rats
    • Clark, J. T., Kalra, P. S., Crowley, W. R. & Kalra, S. P. Neuropeptide-Y and human pancreatic-polypeptide stimulate feeding-behavior in rats. Endocrinology 115, 427-429 (1984).
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.115 , pp. 427-429
    • Clark, J.T.1    Kalra, P.S.2    Crowley, W.R.3    Kalra, S.P.4
  • 34
    • 0035942777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus
    • Cowley, M. et al. Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus. Nature 411, 480-484 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 480-484
    • Cowley, M.1
  • 35
    • 1842529267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid rewiring of arcuate nucleus feeding circuits by leptin
    • Pinto, S. et al. Rapid rewiring of arcuate nucleus feeding circuits by leptin. Science 304, 110-115 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 110-115
    • Pinto, S.1
  • 36
    • 0030764741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by Agouti-related protein
    • Ollmann, M. M. et al. Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by Agouti-related protein. Science 278, 135-138 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 135-138
    • Ollmann, M.M.1
  • 37
    • 0036288345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice
    • Qian, S. et al. Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide Y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 5027-5035 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 5027-5035
    • Qian, S.1
  • 38
    • 55249090498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of neurons expressing agouti-related protein activates Fos and gliosis in postsynaptic target regions
    • Wu, Q., Howell, M. P. & Palmiter, R. D. Ablation of neurons expressing agouti-related protein activates Fos and gliosis in postsynaptic target regions. J. Neurosci. 28, 9218-9226 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 9218-9226
    • Wu, Q.1    Howell, M.P.2    Palmiter, R.D.3
  • 39
    • 0028139089 scopus 로고
    • Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
    • Zhang, Y. et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372, 425-432 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 425-432
    • Zhang, Y.1
  • 40
    • 0029073613 scopus 로고
    • Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene
    • Halaas, J. L. et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 269, 543-546 (1995).
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 543-546
    • Halaas, J.L.1
  • 41
    • 33846515775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic aspects of severe childhood obesity
    • Farooqi, I. S. Genetic aspects of severe childhood obesity. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev. 3 (Suppl. 4), 528-536 (2006).
    • (2006) Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev. , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 528-536
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 42
    • 33746320552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monogenic human obesity syndromes
    • Farooqi, I. S. Monogenic human obesity syndromes. Prog. Brain Res. 153, 119-125 (2006).
    • (2006) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.153 , pp. 119-125
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 43
    • 33846409122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of congenital deficiency of the leptin receptor
    • Farooqi, I. S. et al. Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of congenital deficiency of the leptin receptor. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 237-247 (2007).
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.356 , pp. 237-247
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 44
    • 0014004384 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes a new mutation in the mouse
    • Hummel, K. P., Dickie, M. M. & Coleman, D. L. Diabetes, a new mutation in the mouse. Science 153, 1127-1128 (1966).
    • (1966) Science , vol.153 , pp. 1127-1128
    • Hummel, K.P.1    Dickie, M.M.2    Coleman, D.L.3
  • 45
    • 2442654859 scopus 로고
    • Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R
    • Tartaglia, L. A. et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell 83, 1263-1271 (1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 1263-1271
    • Tartaglia, L.A.1
  • 46
    • 13344259300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: Identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice
    • Chen, H. et al. Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 84, 491-495 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 491-495
    • Chen, H.1
  • 47
    • 0030878110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
    • Montague, C. T. et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 387, 903-908 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 903-908
    • Montague, C.T.1
  • 48
    • 0033575993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency
    • Farooqi, I. S. et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 879-884 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 879-884
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 49
    • 13344295079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans
    • Considine, R. V. et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 292-295 (1996).
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.334 , pp. 292-295
    • Considine, R.V.1
  • 50
    • 0028845877 scopus 로고
    • Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects
    • Maffei, M. et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Med. 1, 1155-1161 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature Med , vol.1 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Maffei, M.1
  • 51
    • 0030737953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice
    • Halaas, J. L. et al. Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8878-8883 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 8878-8883
    • Halaas, J.L.1
  • 52
    • 0029763177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The weight-reducing effect of an intracerebroventricular bolus injection of leptin in genetically obese fa/fa rats. Reduced sensitivity compared with lean animals
    • Cusin, I., Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F., Stricker-Krongrad, A. & Jeanrenaud, B. The weight-reducing effect of an intracerebroventricular bolus injection of leptin in genetically obese fa/fa rats. Reduced sensitivity compared with lean animals. Diabetes 45, 1446-1450 (1996).
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 1446-1450
    • Cusin, I.1    Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F.2    Stricker-Krongrad, A.3    Jeanrenaud, B.4
  • 53
    • 0029739826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice
    • Vaisse, C. et al. Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice. Nature Genet. 14, 95-97 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature Genet , vol.14 , pp. 95-97
    • Vaisse, C.1
  • 54
    • 17844401704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
    • Cone, R. D. Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system. Nature Neurosci. 8, 571-578 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 571-578
    • Cone, R.D.1
  • 55
    • 57849115277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance
    • Ozcan, L. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 9, 35-51 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , pp. 35-51
    • Ozcan, L.1
  • 56
    • 5644231992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes
    • Ozcan, U. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science 306, 457-461 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 457-461
    • Ozcan, U.1
  • 57
    • 33748069813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
    • Ozcan, U. et al. Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Science 313, 1137-1140 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 1137-1140
    • Ozcan, U.1
  • 58
    • 80052496920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferation-associated control of reactive oxygen species sets melanocortin tone and feeding in diet-induced obesity
    • Diano, S. et al. Peroxisome proliferation-associated control of reactive oxygen species sets melanocortin tone and feeding in diet-induced obesity. Nature Med. 17, 1121-1127 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Med , vol.17 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Diano, S.1
  • 59
    • 68049105069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pex3p-dependent peroxisomal biogenesis initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum of human fibroblasts
    • Toro, A. A. et al. Pex3p-dependent peroxisomal biogenesis initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum of human fibroblasts. J. Cell Biochem. 107, 1083-1096 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Cell Biochem. , vol.107 , pp. 1083-1096
    • Toro, A.A.1
  • 60
    • 33745632081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome biogenesis: The peroxisomal endomembrane system and the role of the ER
    • Titorenko, V. I. & Mullen, R. T. Peroxisome biogenesis: the peroxisomal endomembrane system and the role of the ER. J. Cell Biol. 174, 11-17 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Cell Biol. , vol.174 , pp. 11-17
    • Titorenko, V.I.1    Mullen, R.T.2
  • 61
    • 33644907201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary origin of peroxisomes: An ER-peroxisome connection
    • Schluter, A. et al. The evolutionary origin of peroxisomes: an ER-peroxisome connection. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 838-845 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 838-845
    • Schluter, A.1
  • 62
    • 49649122302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals
    • Andrews, Z. B. et al. UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals. Nature 454, 846-851 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.454 , pp. 846-851
    • Andrews, Z.B.1
  • 63
  • 64
    • 77957053600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic input organization of the melanocortin system predicts diet-induced hypothalamic reactive gliosis and obesity
    • Horvath, T. L. et al. Synaptic input organization of the melanocortin system predicts diet-induced hypothalamic reactive gliosis and obesity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14875-14880 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 14875-14880
    • Horvath, T.L.1
  • 65
    • 84855459760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans
    • Thaler, J. P. et al. Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 153-162 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 153-162
    • Thaler, J.P.1
  • 66
    • 66749100663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine
    • Cruickshank, C. C. & Dyer, K. R. A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine. Addiction 104, 1085-1099 (2009).
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , pp. 1085-1099
    • Cruickshank, C.C.1    Dyer, K.R.2
  • 67
    • 77953480972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixing pleasures: Review of the effects of drugs on sex behavior in humans and animal models
    • Frohmader, K. S., Pitchers, K. K., Balfour, M. E. & Coolen, L. M. Mixing pleasures: review of the effects of drugs on sex behavior in humans and animal models. Horm. Behav. 58, 149-162 (2010).
    • (2010) Horm. Behav. , vol.58 , pp. 149-162
    • Frohmader, K.S.1    Pitchers, K.K.2    Balfour, M.E.3    Coolen, L.M.4
  • 68
    • 58149301316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological targeting of the serotonergic system for the treatment of obesity
    • Garfield, A. S. & Heisler, L. K. Pharmacological targeting of the serotonergic system for the treatment of obesity. J. Physiol. 587, 49-60 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Physiol. , vol.587 , pp. 49-60
    • Garfield, A.S.1    Heisler, L.K.2
  • 69
    • 0017260199 scopus 로고
    • Hyperphagia and increased growth in rats after intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
    • Saller, C. F. & Stricker, E. M. Hyperphagia and increased growth in rats after intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Science 192, 385-387 (1976).
    • (1976) Science , vol.192 , pp. 385-387
    • Saller, C.F.1    Stricker, E.M.2
  • 70
    • 0024361873 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on feeding following injection into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
    • Fletcher, P. J. & Paterson, I. A. A comparison of the effects of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on feeding following injection into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 32, 907-911 (1989).
    • (1989) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 907-911
    • Fletcher, P.J.1    Paterson, I.A.2
  • 71
    • 0037178730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of central melanocortin pathways by fenfluramine
    • Heisler, L. K. et al. Activation of central melanocortin pathways by fenfluramine. Science 297, 609-611 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 609-611
    • Heisler, L.K.1
  • 72
    • 33646896967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic fenfluramine administration on hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA expression
    • Choi, S., Blake, V., Cole, S. & Fernstrom, J. D. Effects of chronic fenfluramine administration on hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA expression. Brain Res. 1087, 83-86 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1087 , pp. 83-86
    • Choi, S.1    Blake, V.2    Cole, S.3    Fernstrom, J.D.4
  • 73
    • 33745978779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin reciprocally regulates melanocortin neurons to modulate food intake
    • Heisler, L. K. et al. Serotonin reciprocally regulates melanocortin neurons to modulate food intake. Neuron 51, 239-249 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , pp. 239-249
    • Heisler, L.K.1
  • 74
    • 40849135860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2C receptor agonist promotes hypophagia via downstream activation of melanocortin 4 receptors
    • 2C receptor agonist promotes hypophagia via downstream activation of melanocortin 4 receptors. Endocrinology 149, 1323-1328 (2008).
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 1323-1328
    • Lam, D.D.1
  • 76
    • 0027337251 scopus 로고
    • Effect on dietary fat absorption of orlistat, administered at different times relative to meal intake
    • Hartmann, D., Hussain, Y., Guzelhan, C. & Odink, J. Effect on dietary fat absorption of orlistat, administered at different times relative to meal intake. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 36, 266-270 (1993).
    • (1993) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , pp. 266-270
    • Hartmann, D.1    Hussain, Y.2    Guzelhan, C.3    Odink, J.4
  • 77
    • 0028901989 scopus 로고
    • Orlistat (Ro 18-0647), a lipase inhibitor, in the treatment of human obesity: A multiple dose study
    • Drent, M. L. et al. Orlistat (Ro 18-0647), a lipase inhibitor, in the treatment of human obesity: a multiple dose study. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 19, 221-226 (1995).
    • (1995) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.19 , pp. 221-226
    • Drent, M.L.1
  • 78
    • 0030908378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A one-year trial to assess the value of orlistat in the management of obesity
    • James, W. P., Avenell, A., Broom, J. & Whitehead, J. A one-year trial to assess the value of orlistat in the management of obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 21 (Suppl. 3), 24-30 (1997).
    • (1997) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 24-30
    • James, W.P.1    Avenell, A.2    Broom, J.3    Whitehead, J.4
  • 79
    • 41949142561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cetilistat a new lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity
    • Padwal, R. Cetilistat, a new lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 9, 414-421 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 414-421
    • Padwal, R.1
  • 80
    • 50249171836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cetilistat (ATL-962), a novel pancreatic lipase inhibitor, ameliorates body weight gain and improves lipid profiles in rats
    • Yamada, Y., Kato, T., Ogino, H., Ashina, S. & Kato, K. Cetilistat (ATL-962), a novel pancreatic lipase inhibitor, ameliorates body weight gain and improves lipid profiles in rats. Horm. Metab. Res. 40, 539-543 (2008).
    • (2008) Horm. Metab. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 539-543
    • Yamada, Y.1    Kato, T.2    Ogino, H.3    Ashina, S.4    Kato, K.5
  • 81
    • 33847261129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cetilistat (ATL-962) a novel lipase inhibitor: A 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients
    • Kopelman, P. et al. Cetilistat (ATL-962), a novel lipase inhibitor: a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 31, 494-499 (2007).
    • (2007) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) , vol.31 , pp. 494-499
    • Kopelman, P.1
  • 82
    • 62949226890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of dietary fat absorption by the novel gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor cetilistat in healthy volunteers
    • Bryson, A., de la Motte, S. & Dunk, C. Reduction of dietary fat absorption by the novel gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor cetilistat in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 67, 309-315 (2009).
    • (2009) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.67 , pp. 309-315
    • Bryson, A.1    De La Motte, S.2    Dunk, C.3
  • 83
    • 73949084345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: Comparison with orlistat (Xenical)
    • Kopelman, P. et al. Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: comparison with orlistat (Xenical). Obesity (Silver Spring) 18, 108-115 (2010).
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.18 , pp. 108-115
    • Kopelman, P.1
  • 84
    • 0031904104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. A 1-year randomized double-blind study
    • Hollander, P. A. et al. Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. A 1-year randomized double-blind study. Diabetes Care 21, 1288-1294 (1998).
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1288-1294
    • Hollander, P.A.1
  • 85
    • 0034621494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight loss with orlistat on glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes in obese adults
    • Heymsfield, S. B. et al. Effects of weight loss with orlistat on glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes in obese adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 160, 1321-1326 (2000).
    • (2000) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.160 , pp. 1321-1326
    • Heymsfield, S.B.1
  • 86
    • 0036598137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of orlistat therapy in overweight and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: A 1-year randomized controlled trial
    • Kelley, D. E. et al. Clinical efficacy of orlistat therapy in overweight and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 25, 1033-1041 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Kelley, D.E.1
  • 87
    • 0036634125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin
    • Miles, J. M. et al. Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Diabetes Care 25, 1123-1128 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1123-1128
    • Miles, J.M.1
  • 88
    • 0036845652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of orlistat on body weight and glycaemic control in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Hanefeld, M. & Sachse, G. The effects of orlistat on body weight and glycaemic control in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 4, 415-423 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.4 , pp. 415-423
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Sachse, G.2
  • 89
    • 0024446507 scopus 로고
    • International trial of long-term dexfenfluramine in obesity
    • Guy-Grand, B. et al. International trial of long-term dexfenfluramine in obesity. Lancet 2, 1142-1145 (1989).
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1142-1145
    • Guy-Grand, B.1
  • 90
    • 0026655476 scopus 로고
    • Dexfenfluramine in the treatment of severe obesity: A placebo-controlled investigation of the effects on weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, food intake and eating behaviour
    • Mathus-Vliegen, E. M., van de Voorde, K., Kok, A. M. & Res, A. M. Dexfenfluramine in the treatment of severe obesity: a placebo-controlled investigation of the effects on weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, food intake and eating behaviour. J. Intern. Med. 232, 119-127 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Intern. Med. , vol.232 , pp. 119-127
    • Mathus-Vliegen, E.M.1    Van De Voorde, K.2    Kok, A.M.3    Res, A.M.4
  • 91
    • 0032504983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation
    • Jick, H. et al. A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation. N. Engl. J. Med. 339, 719-724 (1998).
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 719-724
    • Jick, H.1
  • 92
    • 0003376125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease\a systematic review
    • Loke, Y. K., Derry, S. & Pritchard-Copley, A. Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease\a systematic review. BMC Clin. Pharmacol. 2, 6 (2002).
    • (2002) BMC Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.2 , pp. 6
    • Loke, Y.K.1    Derry, S.2    Pritchard-Copley, A.3
  • 93
    • 9444287592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group
    • Abenhaim, L. et al. Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 609-616 (1996).
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.335 , pp. 609-616
    • Abenhaim, L.1
  • 94
    • 0032504954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease
    • Devereux, R. B. Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 339, 765-766 (1998).
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 765-766
    • Devereux, R.B.1
  • 95
    • 0031551969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: US Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: US Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997. JAMA 278, 1729-1731 (1997).
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1729-1731
  • 96
    • 0031844306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension associated with appetite suppressants in Belgium
    • Delcroix, M., Kurz, X., Walckiers, D., Demedts, M. & Naeije, R. High incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension associated with appetite suppressants in Belgium. Eur. Respir. J. 12, 271-276 (1998).
    • (1998) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.12 , pp. 271-276
    • Delcroix, M.1    Kurz, X.2    Walckiers, D.3    Demedts, M.4    Naeije, R.5
  • 98
    • 0030147221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of sibutramine
    • Bray, G. A. et al. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of sibutramine. Obes. Res. 4, 263-270 (1996).
    • (1996) Obes. Res. , vol.4 , pp. 263-270
    • Bray, G.A.1
  • 99
    • 0031602176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibutramine reduces food intake in non-dieting women with obesity
    • Rolls, B. J., Shide, D. J., Thorwart, M. L. & Ulbrecht, J. S. Sibutramine reduces food intake in non-dieting women with obesity. Obes. Res. 6, 1-11 (1998).
    • (1998) Obes. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 1-11
    • Rolls, B.J.1    Shide, D.J.2    Thorwart, M.L.3    Ulbrecht, J.S.4
  • 100
    • 0032012915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sibutramine on resting metabolic rate and weight loss in overweight women
    • Seagle, H. M., Bessesen, D. H. & Hill, J. O. Effects of sibutramine on resting metabolic rate and weight loss in overweight women. Obes. Res. 6, 115-121 (1998).
    • (1998) Obes. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 115-121
    • Seagle, H.M.1    Bessesen, D.H.2    Hill, J.O.3
  • 101
    • 0032111931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sibutramine and dexfenfluramine in the treatment of obesity
    • Hanotin, C., Thomas, F., Jones, S. P., Leutenegger, E. & Drouin, P. A comparison of sibutramine and dexfenfluramine in the treatment of obesity. Obes. Res. 6, 285-291 (1998).
    • (1998) Obes. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 285-291
    • Hanotin, C.1    Thomas, F.2    Jones, S.P.3    Leutenegger, E.4    Drouin, P.5
  • 102
    • 0033090465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibutramine produces dose-related weight loss
    • Bray, G. A. et al. Sibutramine produces dose-related weight loss. Obes. Res. 7, 189-198 (1999).
    • (1999) Obes. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 189-198
    • Bray, G.A.1
  • 103
    • 0141651621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibutramine enhances insulin sensitivity ameliorating metabolic parameters in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Tambascia, M. A. et al. Sibutramine enhances insulin sensitivity ameliorating metabolic parameters in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 5, 338-344 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.5 , pp. 338-344
    • Tambascia, M.A.1
  • 104
    • 9644288282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sibutramine in overweight adult hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Sanchez-Reyes, L. et al. Use of sibutramine in overweight adult hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin. Ther. 26, 1427-1435 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Ther. , vol.26 , pp. 1427-1435
    • Sanchez-Reyes, L.1
  • 105
    • 33746803704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sibutramine in obese mexican adolescents: A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial
    • Garcia-Morales, L. M. et al. Use of sibutramine in obese mexican adolescents: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Clin. Ther. 28, 770-782 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Ther. , vol.28 , pp. 770-782
    • Garcia-Morales, L.M.1
  • 106
    • 43449104710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sibutramine on weight reduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Lindholm, A. et al. Effect of sibutramine on weight reduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil. Steril. 89, 1221-1228 (2008).
    • (2008) Fertil. Steril. , vol.89 , pp. 1221-1228
    • Lindholm, A.1
  • 107
    • 85047690626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis
    • Cota, D. et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 423-431 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.112 , pp. 423-431
    • Cota, D.1
  • 108
    • 37449007904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acyclic CB1R inverse agonist taranabant mediates weight loss by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing caloric intake
    • Addy, C. et al. The acyclic CB1R inverse agonist taranabant mediates weight loss by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing caloric intake. Cell Metab. 7, 68-78 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.7 , pp. 68-78
    • Addy, C.1
  • 109
    • 0028129936 scopus 로고
    • SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M. et al. SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor. FEBS Lett. 350, 141240-141244 (1994).
    • (1994) FEBS Lett. , vol.350 , pp. 141240-141244
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M.1
  • 110
    • 0029034879 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and pharmacological characterisation of SR141716A, the first potent and selective brain cannabinoid receptor antagonist
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M. et al. Biochemical and pharmacological characterisation of SR141716A, the first potent and selective brain cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Life Sci. 56, 141941-141947 (1995).
    • (1995) Life Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 141941-141947
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M.1
  • 111
    • 27844463517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia
    • Després, J.-P. et al. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2121-2134 (2005).
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.353 , pp. 2121-2134
    • Després, J.-P.1
  • 112
    • 17144382751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study
    • Van Gaal, L. F. et al. Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study. Lancet 365, 1389-1397 (2005).
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1389-1397
    • Van Gaal, L.F.1
  • 113
    • 32644441249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: A randomized controlled trial
    • Pi-Sunyer, F. X. et al. Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295, 761-775 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 761-775
    • Pi-Sunyer, F.X.1
  • 115
    • 36048995288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: A meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • Christensen, R., Kristensen, P. K., Bartels, E. M., Bliddal, H. & Astrup, A. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 370, 1706-1713 (2007).
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1706-1713
    • Christensen, R.1    Kristensen, P.K.2    Bartels, E.M.3    Bliddal, H.4    Astrup, A.5
  • 116
    • 80053193844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of centrally acting antiobesity drugs
    • Nathan, P. J., O'Neill, B. V., Napolitano, A. & Bullmore, E. T. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of centrally acting antiobesity drugs. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 17, 490-505 (2010).
    • (2010) CNS Neurosci. Ther. , vol.17 , pp. 490-505
    • Nathan, P.J.1    O'Neill, B.V.2    Napolitano, A.3    Bullmore, E.T.4
  • 117
    • 44049088873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of taranabant, a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, in healthy male volunteers
    • Addy, C. et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of taranabant, a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, in healthy male volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 48, 734-744 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 734-744
    • Addy, C.1
  • 118
    • 40749135903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of taranabant, a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, for the treatment of obesity: Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single oral dose study in healthy volunteers
    • Addy, C. et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of taranabant, a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, for the treatment of obesity: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single oral dose study in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 48, 418-427 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 418-427
    • Addy, C.1
  • 119
    • 78649954020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of lifestyle modification and taranabant for maintaining weight loss achieved with a low-calorie diet
    • Wadden, T. A. et al. A randomized trial of lifestyle modification and taranabant for maintaining weight loss achieved with a low-calorie diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18, 2301-2310 (2010).
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.18 , pp. 2301-2310
    • Wadden, T.A.1
  • 120
    • 77955472298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in obese and overweight patients: Low-dose study
    • Proietto, J. et al. A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in obese and overweight patients: low-dose study. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 34, 1243-1254 (2010).
    • (2010) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) , vol.34 , pp. 1243-1254
    • Proietto, J.1
  • 121
    • 77952290508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A one-year study to assess the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Kipnes, M. S. et al. A one-year study to assess the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 12, 517-531 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.12 , pp. 517-531
    • Kipnes, M.S.1
  • 122
    • 77952290161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of taranabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, in obese and overweight patients: A high-dose study
    • Aronne, L. J. et al. A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of taranabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, in obese and overweight patients: a high-dose study. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 34, 919-935 (2010).
    • (2010) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) , vol.34 , pp. 919-935
    • Aronne, L.J.1
  • 123
    • 77952923643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity: Taranabant no longer developed as an antiobesity agent
    • Koch, L. Obesity: taranabant no longer developed as an antiobesity agent. Nature Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 300 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Rev. Endocrinol. , vol.6 , pp. 300
    • Koch, L.1
  • 124
    • 60549088559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of 1-[9-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl] 4-ethylaminopip-eridine-4-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride (CP-945598), a novel, potent, and selective cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist
    • Griffith, D. A. et al. Discovery of 1-[9-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2- chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]-4-ethylaminopip-eridine-4-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride (CP-945598), a novel, potent, and selective cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist. J. Med. Chem. 52, 234-237 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Med. Chem. , vol.52 , pp. 234-237
    • Griffith, D.A.1
  • 125
    • 77950188010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor antagonist for the management of obesity
    • 1 receptor antagonist for the management of obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 394, 366-371 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.394 , pp. 366-371
    • Hadcock, J.R.1
  • 126
    • 79959651280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor antagonist, on weight loss and maintenance
    • 1 receptor antagonist, on weight loss and maintenance. Obesity 19, 1404-1414 (2011).
    • (2011) Obesity , vol.19 , pp. 1404-1414
    • Aronne, L.J.1
  • 127
    • 58149128824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 antagonism provides food intake-independent metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese rats
    • 1 antagonism provides food intake-independent metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese rats. Diabetes 57, 2977-2991 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2977-2991
    • Nogueiras, R.1
  • 128
    • 77949539755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptors in adiposity control
    • 1 receptors in adiposity control. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 34, 547-556 (2010).
    • (2010) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) , vol.34 , pp. 547-556
    • Son, M.-H.1
  • 129
    • 80052035103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy balance regulation by endocannabinoids at central and peripheral levels
    • Quarta, C., Mazza, R., Obici, S., Pasquali, R. & Pagotto, U. Energy balance regulation by endocannabinoids at central and peripheral levels. Trends Mol. Med. 17, 518-526 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Mol. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 518-526
    • Quarta, C.1    Mazza, R.2    Obici, S.3    Pasquali, R.4    Pagotto, U.5
  • 130
    • 0038051130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central serotonin and melanocortin pathways regulating energy homeostasis
    • Heisler, L. K. et al. Central serotonin and melanocortin pathways regulating energy homeostasis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 994, 169-174 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.994 , pp. 169-174
    • Heisler, L.K.1
  • 131
    • 38349114737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2C receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity
    • 2C receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity. J. Med. Chem. 51, 305-313 (2008).
    • (2008) J Med Chem , vol.51 , pp. 305-313
    • Smith, B.M.1
  • 132
    • 42449134961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lorcaserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C agonist: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization
    • Thomsen, W. J. et al. Lorcaserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C agonist: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325, 577-587 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.325 , pp. 577-587
    • Thomsen, W.J.1
  • 133
    • 77954635020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management
    • Smith, S. R. et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 245-256 (2010).
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.363 , pp. 245-256
    • Smith, S.R.1
  • 134
    • 80053539943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A one-year randomized trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in obese and overweight adults: The BLOSSOM trial
    • Fidler, M. C. et al. A one-year randomized trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in obese and overweight adults: the BLOSSOM trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3067-3077 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96 , pp. 3067-3077
    • Fidler, M.C.1
  • 135
    • 84866119238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lorcaserin phase 3 clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows statistically significant weight loss
    • Arena Pharmaceuticals. [online]
    • Arena Pharmaceuticals. Lorcaserin Phase 3 Clinical Trial in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Shows Statistically Significant Weight Loss. Arena Pharmaceuticals [online], http://invest.arenapharm.com/releasedetail.cfm? releaseid=528113 (2010).
    • (2010) Arena Pharmaceuticals
  • 136
    • 84862869642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The BLOOM-DM study
    • 16 Mar 2012 (doi:10.1038/oby.2012.66)
    • O'Neil, P. M. et al. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the BLOOM-DM study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 16 Mar 2012 (doi:10.1038/oby.2012.66).
    • Obesity (Silver Spring)
    • O'Neil, P.M.1
  • 138
    • 0029417035 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor protein in human and rat brain using specific antisera
    • Abramowski, D., Rigo, M., Duc, D., Hoyer, D. & Staufenbiel, M. Localization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor protein in human and rat brain using specific antisera. Neuropharmacology 34, 1635-1645 (1995).
    • (1995) Neuropharmacology , vol.34 , pp. 1635-1645
    • Abramowski, D.1    Rigo, M.2    Duc, D.3    Hoyer, D.4    Staufenbiel, M.5
  • 139
    • 0028983327 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor as a 60-kDa N-glycosylated protein in choroid plexus and hippocampus
    • Abramowski, D. & Staufenbiel, M. Identification of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor as a 60-kDa N-glycosylated protein in choroid plexus and hippocampus. J. Neurochem. 65, 782-790 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.65 , pp. 782-790
    • Abramowski, D.1    Staufenbiel, M.2
  • 140
    • 0030612256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor protein in adult rat brain and spinal cord determined using a receptor-directed antibody: Effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
    • Sharma, A., Punhani, T. & Fone, K. C. Distribution of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor protein in adult rat brain and spinal cord determined using a receptor-directed antibody: effect of 5,7- dihydroxytryptamine. Synapse 27, 45-56 (1997).
    • (1997) Synapse , vol.27 , pp. 45-56
    • Sharma, A.1    Punhani, T.2    Fone, K.C.3
  • 141
    • 84866113161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New York Times [online]
    • Pollack, A. Panel recommends more testing for obesity drugs. The New York Times [online], http://www. nytimes.com/2012/03/30/health/panel-recommends- more-testing-for-obesity-drugs.html (2012).
    • (2012) Panel Recommends More Testing for Obesity Drugs
    • Pollack, A.1
  • 142
    • 84866111839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart studies needed for obesity drugs FDA advisers say
    • [online]
    • Ledford, H. Heart studies needed for obesity drugs, FDA advisers say. Nature [online], http://blogs.nature. com/news/2012/03/heart-studies-needed-for- obesity-drugs-fda-advisers-say.html (2012).
    • (2012) Nature
    • Ledford, H.1
  • 143
    • 0035463417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion for weight loss: An investigation of efficacy and tolerability in overweight and obese women
    • Gadde, K. M. et al. Bupropion for weight loss: an investigation of efficacy and tolerability in overweight and obese women. Obes. Res. 9, 544-551 (2001).
    • (2001) Obes. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 544-551
    • Gadde, K.M.1
  • 144
    • 0036636368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: A 48-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Anderson, J. W. et al. Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: a 48-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Obes. Res. 10, 633-641 (2002).
    • (2002) Obes. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 633-641
    • Anderson, J.W.1
  • 145
    • 57949112266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity
    • Greenway, F. L. et al. Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity. Obesity 17, 30-39 (2009).
    • (2009) Obesity , vol.17 , pp. 30-39
    • Greenway, F.L.1
  • 146
    • 0033776319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine and the control of food intake
    • Wellman, P. J. Norepinephrine and the control of food intake. Nutrition 16, 837-842 (2000).
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 837-842
    • Wellman, P.J.1
  • 147
  • 148
    • 27744519516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of dopamine signaling in the dorsal striatum inhibits feeding
    • Sotak, B. N., Hnasko, T. S., Robinson, S., Kremer, E. J. & Palmiter, R. D. Dysregulation of dopamine signaling in the dorsal striatum inhibits feeding. Brain Res. 1061, 88-96 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Res , vol.1061 , pp. 88-96
    • Sotak, B.N.1    Hnasko, T.S.2    Robinson, S.3    Kremer, E.J.4    Palmiter, R.D.5
  • 149
    • 33745055420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cre recombinase-mediated restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine in dopamine-deficient mice reverses hypophagia and bradykinesia
    • Hnasko, T. S. et al. Cre recombinase-mediated restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine in dopamine-deficient mice reverses hypophagia and bradykinesia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 8858-8863 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 8858-8863
    • Hnasko, T.S.1
  • 150
    • 82255186756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin regulates the reward value of nutrient
    • Domingos, A. I. et al. Leptin regulates the reward value of nutrient. Nature Neurosci. 14, 1562-1568 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 1562-1568
    • Domingos, A.I.1
  • 151
    • 79958282647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone SR/Bupropion SR (Contrave): A new approach to weight loss in obese adults
    • Ornellas, T. & Chavez, B. Naltrexone SR/Bupropion SR (Contrave): a new approach to weight loss in obese adults. P T 36, 255-262 (2011).
    • (2011) P T , vol.36 , pp. 255-262
    • Ornellas, T.1    Chavez, B.2
  • 152
    • 77956904326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss with naltrexone SR/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: The COR-BMOD trial
    • Wadden, T. A. et al. Weight loss with naltrexone SR/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: the COR-BMOD trial. Obesity 19, 110-120 (2011).
    • (2011) Obesity , vol.19 , pp. 110-120
    • Wadden, T.A.1
  • 153
    • 77956057548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Greenway, F. L. et al. Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 376, 595-605 (2010).
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 595-605
    • Greenway, F.L.1
  • 155
    • 78650376414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slim spoils for obesity drugs
    • Ledford, H. Slim spoils for obesity drugs. Nature 468, 878 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 878
    • Ledford, H.1
  • 156
    • 68949165946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite suppressants, cardiac valve disease and combination pharmacotherapy
    • Rothman, R. B. & Baumann, M. H. Appetite suppressants, cardiac valve disease and combination pharmacotherapy. Am. J. Ther. 16, 354-364 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Ther. , vol.16 , pp. 354-364
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Baumann, M.H.2
  • 158
    • 0346593400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity
    • Bray, G. A. et al. A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity. Obes. Res. 11, 722-733 (2003).
    • (2003) Obes. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 722-733
    • Bray, G.A.1
  • 159
    • 22144479432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects with essential hypertension
    • Tonstad, S. et al. Efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects with essential hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 96, 243-251 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.96 , pp. 243-251
    • Tonstad, S.1
  • 160
    • 79954561234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): A randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Gadde, K. M. et al. Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 377, 1341-1352 (2011).
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 1341-1352
    • Gadde, K.M.1
  • 161
    • 84856246606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: A randomized controlled trial (EQUIP)
    • Allison, D. B. et al. Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity 20, 330-342 (2011).
    • (2011) Obesity , vol.20 , pp. 330-342
    • Allison, D.B.1
  • 162
    • 34147185842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle by reactive oxygen species
    • Katz, A. Modulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle by reactive oxygen species. J. Appl. Physiol. 102, 1671-1676 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.102 , pp. 1671-1676
    • Katz, A.1
  • 163
    • 33645076024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac hypertrophy, substrate utilization and metabolic remodelling: Cause or effect?
    • Ritchie, R. H. & Delbridge, L. M. Cardiac hypertrophy, substrate utilization and metabolic remodelling: cause or effect? Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 33, 159-166 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 159-166
    • Ritchie, R.H.1    Delbridge, L.M.2
  • 164
    • 77955980416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy metabolic phenotype of the cardiomyocyte during development, differentiation, and postnatal maturation
    • Lopaschuk, G. D. & Jaswal, J. S. Energy metabolic phenotype of the cardiomyocyte during development, differentiation, and postnatal maturation. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 56, 130-140 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.56 , pp. 130-140
    • Lopaschuk, G.D.1    Jaswal, J.S.2
  • 165
    • 33646832738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of lipoprotein lipase-derived fatty acids leads to increased cardiac glucose metabolism and heart dysfunction
    • Augustus, A. S. et al. Loss of lipoprotein lipase-derived fatty acids leads to increased cardiac glucose metabolism and heart dysfunction. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 8716-8723 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 8716-8723
    • Augustus, A.S.1
  • 166
    • 33746070800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH fuels superoxide production in the failing heart
    • Gupte, S. A. et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH fuels superoxide production in the failing heart. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 41, 340-349 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.41 , pp. 340-349
    • Gupte, S.A.1
  • 167
    • 34547449158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity increases oxidative stress in failing human heart
    • Gupte, R. S. et al. Upregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity increases oxidative stress in failing human heart. J. Card. Fail. 13, 497-506 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Card. Fail. , vol.13 , pp. 497-506
    • Gupte, R.S.1
  • 168
    • 21244492310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial substrate metabolism in the normal and failing heart
    • Stanley, W. C., Recchia, F. A. & Lopaschuk, G. D. Myocardial substrate metabolism in the normal and failing heart. Physiol. Rev. 85, 1093-1129 (2005).
    • (2005) Physiol. Rev. , vol.85 , pp. 1093-1129
    • Stanley, W.C.1    Recchia, F.A.2    Lopaschuk, G.D.3
  • 169
    • 33947330126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High fructose diet increases mortality in hypertensive rats compared to a complex carbohydrate or high fat diet
    • Sharma, N. et al. High fructose diet increases mortality in hypertensive rats compared to a complex carbohydrate or high fat diet. Am. J. Hypertens. 20, 403-409 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.20 , pp. 403-409
    • Sharma, N.1
  • 170
    • 84863229916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting cycles retard growth of tumors and sensitize a range of cancer cell types to chemotherapy
    • Lee, C. et al. Fasting cycles retard growth of tumors and sensitize a range of cancer cell types to chemotherapy. Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 124ra127 (2012).
    • (2012) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.4
    • Lee, C.1
  • 171
    • 79960845908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: From model organisms to patients
    • Lee, C. & Longo, V. D. Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: from model organisms to patients. Oncogene 30, 3305-3316 (2011).
    • (2011) Oncogene , vol.30 , pp. 3305-3316
    • Lee, C.1    Longo, V.D.2
  • 172
    • 78649882284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting and differential chemotherapy protection in patients
    • Raffaghello, L. et al. Fasting and differential chemotherapy protection in patients. Cell Cycle 9, 4474-4476 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell Cycle , vol.9 , pp. 4474-4476
    • Raffaghello, L.1
  • 173
    • 77953642929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report
    • Safdie, F. M. et al. Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: a case series report. Aging (Albany NY) 1, 988-1007 (2009).
    • (2009) Aging (Albany NY) , vol.1 , pp. 988-1007
    • Safdie, F.M.1
  • 174
    • 46149107882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy
    • Raffaghello, L. et al. Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 8215-8220 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 8215-8220
    • Raffaghello, L.1
  • 175
    • 76249097841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in the murine lifespan response to dietary restriction: From life extension to life shortening
    • Liao, C. Y., Rikke, B. A., Johnson, T. E., Diaz, V. & Nelson, J. F. Genetic variation in the murine lifespan response to dietary restriction: from life extension to life shortening. Aging Cell 9, 92-95 (2010).
    • (2010) Aging Cell , vol.9 , pp. 92-95
    • Liao, C.Y.1    Rikke, B.A.2    Johnson, T.E.3    Diaz, V.4    Nelson, J.F.5
  • 176
    • 33845500072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term low-protein, low-calorie diet and endurance exercise modulate metabolic factors associated with cancer risk
    • Fontana, L., Klein, S. & Holloszy, J. O. Long-term low-protein, low-calorie diet and endurance exercise modulate metabolic factors associated with cancer risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84, 1456-1462 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.84 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Fontana, L.1    Klein, S.2    Holloszy, J.O.3
  • 177
    • 77949424755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production
    • Fontana, L., Klein, S. & Holloszy, J. O. Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production. Age (Dordr.) 32, 97-108 (2010).
    • (2010) Age (Dordr.) , vol.32 , pp. 97-108
    • Fontana, L.1    Klein, S.2    Holloszy, J.O.3
  • 178
    • 34547223572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calorie restriction or exercise: Effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Fontana, L. et al. Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293, e197-e202 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.293
    • Fontana, L.1
  • 179
    • 41549093598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of caloric restriction-and exercise-induced weight loss on left ventricular diastolic function
    • Riordan, M. M. et al. The effects of caloric restriction-and exercise-induced weight loss on left ventricular diastolic function. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 294, H1174-H1182 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.294
    • Riordan, M.M.1
  • 180
    • 33845507267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density response to caloric restriction-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss: A randomized controlled trial
    • Villareal, D. T. et al. Bone mineral density response to caloric restriction-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. Arch. Int. Med. 166, 2502-2510 (2006).
    • (2006) Arch. Int. Med. , vol.166 , pp. 2502-2510
    • Villareal, D.T.1
  • 181
    • 78651342474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced bone mineral density is not associated with significantly reduced bone quality in men and women practicing long-term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition
    • Villareal, D. T. et al. Reduced bone mineral density is not associated with significantly reduced bone quality in men and women practicing long-term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition. Aging Cell 10, 96-102 (2011).
    • (2011) Aging Cell , vol.10 , pp. 96-102
    • Villareal, D.T.1
  • 182
    • 79959985242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calorie restriction attenuates LPS-induced sickness behavior and shifts hypothalamic signaling pathways to an anti-inflammatory bias
    • MacDonald, L., Radler, M., Paolini, A. G. & Kent, S. Calorie restriction attenuates LPS-induced sickness behavior and shifts hypothalamic signaling pathways to an anti-inflammatory bias. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 301, R172-R184 (2011).
    • (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. , vol.301
    • MacDonald, L.1    Radler, M.2    Paolini, A.G.3    Kent, S.4
  • 183
    • 58849149821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: Implications for the pathogenesis of obesity
    • Milanski, M. et al. Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: implications for the pathogenesis of obesity. J. Neurosci. 29, 359-370 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 359-370
    • Milanski, M.1
  • 184
    • 38949119419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salsalate improves glycemia and inflammatory parameters in obese young adults
    • Fleischman, A., Shoelson, S. E., Bernier, R. & Goldfine, A. B. Salsalate improves glycemia and inflammatory parameters in obese young adults. Diabetes Care 31, 289-294 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 289-294
    • Fleischman, A.1    Shoelson, S.E.2    Bernier, R.3    Goldfine, A.B.4
  • 185
    • 33751072349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet
    • Baur, J. A. et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature 444, 337-342 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 337-342
    • Baur, J.A.1
  • 186
    • 33845399894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1α
    • Lagouge, M. et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1α. Cell 127, 1109-1122 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , pp. 1109-1122
    • Lagouge, M.1
  • 187
    • 48349144852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span
    • Pearson, K. J. et al. Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span. Cell Metab. 8, 157-168 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.8 , pp. 157-168
    • Pearson, K.J.1
  • 188
    • 80455143206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans
    • Timmers, S. et al. Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans. Cell Metab. 14, 612-622 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.14 , pp. 612-622
    • Timmers, S.1
  • 189
    • 71449105535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FoxO1 and HNF-4 are involved in regulation of hepatic glucokinase gene expression by resveratrol
    • Ganjam, G. K., Dimova, E. Y., Unterman, T. G. & Kietzmann, T. FoxO1 and HNF-4 are involved in regulation of hepatic glucokinase gene expression by resveratrol. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 30783-30797 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 30783-30797
    • Ganjam, G.K.1    Dimova, E.Y.2    Unterman, T.G.3    Kietzmann, T.4
  • 190
    • 39049105748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol is an effective inducer of CArG-driven TNF-α gene therapy
    • Bickenbach, K. A. et al. Resveratrol is an effective inducer of CArG-driven TNF-α gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 15, 133-139 (2008).
    • (2008) Cancer Gene Ther , vol.15 , pp. 133-139
    • Bickenbach, K.A.1
  • 191
    • 34247600642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase
    • Park, C. E. et al. Resveratrol stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Exp. Mol. Med. 39, 222-229 (2007).
    • (2007) Exp. Mol. Med. , vol.39 , pp. 222-229
    • Park, C.E.1
  • 192
    • 34249846128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons
    • Dasgupta, B. & Milbrandt, J. Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 7217-7222 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 7217-7222
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Milbrandt, J.2
  • 193
    • 70449673061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin promotes and protects nigrostriatal dopamine function via a UCP2-dependent mitochondrial mechanism
    • Andrews, Z. B. et al. Ghrelin promotes and protects nigrostriatal
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 14057-14065
    • Andrews, Z.B.1
  • 194
    • 84863393597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis
    • He, C. et al. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 481, 511-515 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , pp. 511-515
    • He, C.1
  • 195
    • 17144474893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of LKB1 and AMPK-related kinases in skeletal muscle: Effects of contraction, phenformin, and AICAR
    • Sakamoto, K., Goransson, O., Hardie, D. G. & Alessi, D. R. Activity of LKB1 and AMPK-related kinases in skeletal muscle: effects of contraction, phenformin, and AICAR. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287, e310-e317 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.287
    • Sakamoto, K.1    Goransson, O.2    Hardie, D.G.3    Alessi, D.R.4
  • 196
    • 48449094498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPK and PPARδ agonists are exercise mimetics
    • Narkar, V. A. et al. AMPK and PPARδ agonists are exercise mimetics. Cell 134, 405-415 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 405-415
    • Narkar, V.A.1
  • 197
    • 33344479006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance
    • Diano, S. et al. Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance. Nature Neurosci. 9, 381-388 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 381-388
    • Diano, S.1
  • 198
    • 33748560432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite
    • Abizaid, A. et al. Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 3229-3239 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.116 , pp. 3229-3239
    • Abizaid, A.1
  • 199
    • 77954316996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin promotes dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the nucleus accumbens of Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Perry, M. L. et al. Leptin promotes dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the nucleus accumbens of Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Neurochem. 114, 666-674 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neurochem. , vol.114 , pp. 666-674
    • Perry, M.L.1
  • 200
    • 77956169954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system by leptin
    • Opland, D. M., Leinninger, G. M. & Myers, M. G. Modulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system by leptin. Brain Res. 1350, 65-70 (2010).
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1350 , pp. 65-70
    • Opland, D.M.1    Leinninger, G.M.2    Myers, M.G.3
  • 201
    • 33748541108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin regulation of the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway
    • Fulton, S. et al. Leptin regulation of the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway. Neuron 51, 811-822 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , pp. 811-822
    • Fulton, S.1
  • 202
    • 33748540764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin receptor signaling in midbrain dopamine neurons regulates feeding
    • Hommel, J. D. et al. Leptin receptor signaling in midbrain dopamine neurons regulates feeding. Neuron 51, 801-810 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , pp. 801-810
    • Hommel, J.D.1
  • 203
    • 80053103560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise increases insulin signaling in the hippocampus: Physiological effects and pharmacological impact of intracerebroventricular insulin administration in mice
    • Muller, A. P. et al. Exercise increases insulin signaling in the hippocampus: physiological effects and pharmacological impact of intracerebroventricular insulin administration in mice. Hippocampus 21, 1082-1092 (2011).
    • (2011) Hippocampus , vol.21 , pp. 1082-1092
    • Muller, A.P.1
  • 204
    • 58249087146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of blood pressure by central melanocortinergic pathways
    • Greenfield, J. R. et al. Modulation of blood pressure by central melanocortinergic pathways. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 44-52 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 44-52
    • Greenfield, J.R.1
  • 205
    • 78651099871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin signalling and the regulation of blood pressure in human obesity
    • Greenfield, J. R. Melanocortin signalling and the regulation of blood pressure in human obesity. J. Neuroendocrinol. 23, 186-193 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.23 , pp. 186-193
    • Greenfield, J.R.1
  • 206
    • 2942703809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue
    • Kolonin, M. G., Saha, P. K., Chan, L., Pasqualini, R. & Arap, W. Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue. Nature Med. 10, 625-632 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Med , vol.10 , pp. 625-632
    • Kolonin, M.G.1    Saha, P.K.2    Chan, L.3    Pasqualini, R.4    Arap, W.5
  • 207
    • 81055146759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys
    • Barnhart, K. F. et al. A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 108ra112 (2011).
    • (2011) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.3
    • Barnhart, K.F.1
  • 208
    • 78649974913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fumagillin reduces adipose tissue formation in murine models of nutritionally induced obesity
    • Lijnen, H. R., Frederix, L. & Van Hoef, B. Fumagillin reduces adipose tissue formation in murine models of nutritionally induced obesity. Obesity 18, 2241-2246 (2010).
    • (2010) Obesity , vol.18 , pp. 2241-2246
    • Lijnen, H.R.1    Frederix, L.2    Van Hoef, B.3
  • 209
    • 77349121588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fumagillin on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis
    • Scroyen, I., Christiaens, V. & Lijnen, H. R. Effect of fumagillin on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1800, 425-429 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1800 , pp. 425-429
    • Scroyen, I.1    Christiaens, V.2    Lijnen, H.R.3
  • 210
    • 77951154576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium reduces food intake and body weight
    • Kim, D. H., Woods, S. C. & Seeley, R. J. Peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium reduces food intake and body weight. Diabetes 59, 907-915 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 907-915
    • Kim, D.H.1    Woods, S.C.2    Seeley, R.J.3
  • 211
    • 0347989317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown adipose tissue: Function and physiological significance
    • Cannon, B. & Nedergaard, J. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol. Rev. 84, 277-359 (2004).
    • (2004) Physiol. Rev. , vol.84 , pp. 277-359
    • Cannon, B.1    Nedergaard, J.2
  • 212
    • 79955032433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown fat biology and thermogenesis
    • Richard, D. & Picard, F. Brown fat biology and thermogenesis. Frontiers Biosci. 16, 1233-1260 (2011).
    • (2011) Frontiers Biosci. , vol.16 , pp. 1233-1260
    • Richard, D.1    Picard, F.2
  • 213
    • 80855165387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat
    • Kim, E. B. et al. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat. Nature 479, 223-227 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.479 , pp. 223-227
    • Kim, E.B.1
  • 214
    • 64349105205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans
    • Cypess, A. M. et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1509-1517 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 1509-1517
    • Cypess, A.M.1
  • 215
    • 84856529575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans
    • Ouellet, V. et al. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 545-552 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 545-552
    • Ouellet, V.1
  • 216
    • 79751503329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance
    • Bartelt, A. et al. Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nature Med. 17, 200-205 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Med , vol.17 , pp. 200-205
    • Bartelt, A.1
  • 217
    • 84862776702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis
    • Bostrom, P. et al. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481, 463-468 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , pp. 463-468
    • Bostrom, P.1
  • 218
    • 23044454515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolically healthy but obese individual presents a favorable inflammation profile
    • Karelis, A. D. et al. The metabolically healthy but obese individual presents a favorable inflammation profile. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 4145-4150 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 4145-4150
    • Karelis, A.D.1
  • 219
    • 0035052940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women?
    • Brochu, M. et al. What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 1020-1025 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 1020-1025
    • Brochu, M.1
  • 220
    • 74949084667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men
    • Arnlov, J., Ingelsson, E., Sundstrom, J. & Lind, L. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation 121, 230-236 (2010).
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 230-236
    • Arnlov, J.1    Ingelsson, E.2    Sundstrom, J.3    Lind, L.4
  • 221
    • 79951690905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of BMI and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of diabetes in middle-aged men
    • Arnlov, J., Sundstrom, J., Ingelsson, E. & Lind, L. Impact of BMI and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care 34, 61-65 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 61-65
    • Arnlov, J.1    Sundstrom, J.2    Ingelsson, E.3    Lind, L.4
  • 222
    • 81855218115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice
    • Appel, L. J. et al. Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1959-1968 (2011).
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.365 , pp. 1959-1968
    • Appel, L.J.1
  • 223
    • 81855169560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-year randomized trial of obesity treatment in primary care practice
    • Wadden, T. A. et al. A two-year randomized trial of obesity treatment in primary care practice. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1969-1979 (2011).
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.365 , pp. 1969-1979
    • Wadden, T.A.1
  • 224
    • 0032863468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin
    • Yaswen, L., Diehl, N., Brennan, M. B. & Hochgeschwender, U. Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin. Nature Med. 5, 1066-1070 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Med , vol.5 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Yaswen, L.1    Diehl, N.2    Brennan, M.B.3    Hochgeschwender, U.4
  • 225
    • 0028231062 scopus 로고
    • Obesity diabetes, and neoplasia in yellow Avy/-mice: Ectopic expression of the agouti gene
    • Yen, T. T., Gill, A. M., Frigeri, L. G., Barsh, G. S. & Wolff, G. L. Obesity, diabetes, and neoplasia in yellow Avy/-mice: ectopic expression of the agouti gene. FASEB J. 8, 479-488 (1994).
    • (1994) FASEB J. , vol.8 , pp. 479-488
    • Yen, T.T.1    Gill, A.M.2    Frigeri, L.G.3    Barsh, G.S.4    Wolff, G.L.5
  • 226
    • 0030889192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
    • Huszar, D. et al. Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 88, 131-141 (1997).
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 131-141
    • Huszar, D.1
  • 227
    • 0034456398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unique metabolic syndrome causes obesity in the melanocortin-3 receptor-deficient mouse
    • Butler, A. A. et al. A unique metabolic syndrome causes obesity in the melanocortin-3 receptor-deficient mouse. Endocrinology 141, 3518-3521 (2000).
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 3518-3521
    • Butler, A.A.1
  • 228
    • 0031838353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans
    • Krude, H. et al. Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans. Nature Genet. 19, 155-157 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Genet , vol.19 , pp. 155-157
    • Krude, H.1
  • 229
    • 57349175699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected endocrine features and normal pigmentation in a young adult patient carrying a novel homozygous mutation in the POMC gene
    • Clément, K. et al. Unexpected endocrine features and normal pigmentation in a young adult patient carrying a novel homozygous mutation in the POMC gene. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 4955-4962 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.93 , pp. 4955-4962
    • Clément, K.1
  • 230
    • 0031662163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity
    • Vaisse, C., Clement, K., Guy-Grand, B. & Froguel, P. A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity. Nature Genet. 20, 113-114 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 113-114
    • Vaisse, C.1    Clement, K.2    Guy-Grand, B.3    Froguel, P.4
  • 231
    • 0031668219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity
    • Yeo, G. S. et al. A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity. Nature Genet. 20, 111-112 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 111-112
    • Yeo, G.S.1
  • 232
    • 0343953074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency
    • Farooqi, I. S. et al. Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 106, 271-279 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , pp. 271-279
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 233
    • 0033927916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity
    • Vaisse, C. et al. Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 106, 253-262 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , pp. 253-262
    • Vaisse, C.1
  • 234
    • 0037456768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene
    • Farooqi, I. S. et al. Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1085-1095 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 1085-1095
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 235
    • 0037456733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binge eating as a major phenotype of melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutations
    • Branson, R. et al. Binge eating as a major phenotype of melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutations. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1096-1103 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 1096-1103
    • Branson, R.1
  • 236
    • 0034456475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels
    • Fan, W. et al. The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels. Endocrinology 141, 3072-3079 (2000).
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 3072-3079
    • Fan, W.1
  • 237
    • 81155124473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HPA axis modulates the CNS melanocortin control of liver triacylglyceride metabolism
    • Wiedmer, P. et al. The HPA axis modulates the CNS melanocortin control of liver triacylglyceride metabolism. Physiol. Behav. 105, 791-799 (2011).
    • (2011) Physiol. Behav. , vol.105 , pp. 791-799
    • Wiedmer, P.1
  • 238
    • 77954107681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin signaling in the CNS directly regulates circulating cholesterol
    • Perez-Tilve, D. et al. Melanocortin signaling in the CNS directly regulates circulating cholesterol. Nature Neurosci. 13, 877-882 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 877-882
    • Perez-Tilve, D.1
  • 239
    • 82955233892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPY and MC4R signaling regulate thyroid hormone levels during fasting through both central and peripheral pathways
    • Vella, K. R. et al. NPY and MC4R signaling regulate thyroid hormone levels during fasting through both central and peripheral pathways. Cell Metab. 14, 780-790 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Metab. , vol.14 , pp. 780-790
    • Vella, K.R.1
  • 240
    • 83355173971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central neuropeptide y infusion and melanocortin 4 receptor antagonism inhibit thyrotropic function by divergent pathways
    • Preston, E. et al. Central neuropeptide Y infusion and melanocortin 4 receptor antagonism inhibit thyrotropic function by divergent pathways. Neuropeptides 45, 407-415 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuropeptides , vol.45 , pp. 407-415
    • Preston, E.1
  • 241
    • 50249120768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic release of GABA by AgRP neurons is required for normal regulation of energy balance
    • Tong, Q., Ye, C. P., Jones, J. E., Elmquist, J. K. & Lowell, B. B. Synaptic release of GABA by AgRP neurons is required for normal regulation of energy balance. Nature Neurosci. 11, 998-1000 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 998-1000
    • Tong, Q.1    Ye, C.P.2    Jones, J.E.3    Elmquist, J.K.4    Lowell, B.B.5
  • 242
    • 79951999061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAergic signaling by AgRP neurons prevents anorexia via a melanocortin-independent mechanism
    • Wu, Q. & Palmiter, R. D. GABAergic signaling by AgRP neurons prevents anorexia via a melanocortin-independent mechanism. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 660, 21-27 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.660 , pp. 21-27
    • Wu, Q.1    Palmiter, R.D.2
  • 243
    • 40649093320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starvation after AgRP neuron ablation is independent of melanocortin signaling
    • Wu, Q., Howell, M. P., Cowley, M. A. & Palmiter, R. D. Starvation after AgRP neuron ablation is independent of melanocortin signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2687-2692 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 2687-2692
    • Wu, Q.1    Howell, M.P.2    Cowley, M.A.3    Palmiter, R.D.4
  • 244
    • 0017727854 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of food intake by muscimol and β endorphin
    • Grandison, L. & Guidotti, A. Stimulation of food intake by muscimol and β endorphin. Neuropharmacology 16, 533-536 (1977).
    • (1977) Neuropharmacology , vol.16 , pp. 533-536
    • Grandison, L.1    Guidotti, A.2
  • 245
    • 0017571351 scopus 로고
    • GABA stimulation and blockade in the hypothalamus and midbrain: Effects on feeding and locomotor activity
    • Kelly, J., Alheid, G. F., Newberg, A. & Grossman, S. P. GABA stimulation and blockade in the hypothalamus and midbrain: effects on feeding and locomotor activity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 7, 537-541 (1977).
    • (1977) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.7 , pp. 537-541
    • Kelly, J.1    Alheid, G.F.2    Newberg, A.3    Grossman, S.P.4
  • 246
    • 0018630692 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that GABA in the nucleus dorsalis raphe induces stimulation of locomotor activity and eating behavior
    • Przewlocka, B., Stala, L. & Scheel-Kruger, J. Evidence that GABA in the nucleus dorsalis raphe induces stimulation of locomotor activity and eating behavior. Life Sci. 25, 937-945 (1979).
    • (1979) Life Sci , vol.25 , pp. 937-945
    • Przewlocka, B.1    Stala, L.2    Scheel-Kruger, J.3
  • 247
    • 0018591727 scopus 로고
    • GABA and hypothalamic feeding systems. I. Topographic analysis of the effects of microinjections of muscimol
    • Kelly, J., Rothstein, J. & Grossman, S. P. GABA and hypothalamic feeding systems. I. Topographic analysis of the effects of microinjections of muscimol. Physiol. Behav. 23, 1123-1134 (1979).
    • (1979) Physiol. Behav. , vol.23 , pp. 1123-1134
    • Kelly, J.1    Rothstein, J.2    Grossman, S.P.3
  • 248
    • 84859215897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering a neuronal circuit that mediates appetite
    • Wu, Q., Clark, M. S. & Palmiter, R. D. Deciphering a neuronal circuit that mediates appetite. Nature 483, 594-597 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , pp. 594-597
    • Wu, Q.1    Clark, M.S.2    Palmiter, R.D.3
  • 249
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima, M. et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402, 656-660 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1
  • 250
    • 0034687376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
    • Tschop, M., Smiley, D. L. & Heiman, M. L. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407, 908-913 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 908-913
    • Tschop, M.1    Smiley, D.L.2    Heiman, M.L.3
  • 251
    • 0037456519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis
    • Cowley, M. A. et al. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 37, 649-661 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 649-661
    • Cowley, M.A.1
  • 252
    • 0347064001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential role of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating feeding, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral responses to ghrelin
    • Carlini, V. P. et al. Differential role of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating feeding, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral responses to ghrelin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 313, 635-641 (2004).
    • (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.313 , pp. 635-641
    • Carlini, V.P.1
  • 253
    • 42649116436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behavior
    • Malik, S., McGlone, F., Bedrossian, D. & Dagher, A. Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behavior. Cell Metab. 7, 400-409 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.7 , pp. 400-409
    • Malik, S.1    McGlone, F.2    Bedrossian, D.3    Dagher, A.4
  • 254
    • 80052922112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunger states switch a flip-flop memory circuit via a synaptic AMPK-dependent positive feedback loop
    • Yang, Y., Atasoy, D., Su, H. H. & Sternson, S. M. Hunger states switch a flip-flop memory circuit via a synaptic AMPK-dependent positive feedback loop. Cell 146, 992-1003 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 992-1003
    • Yang, Y.1    Atasoy, D.2    Su, H.H.3    Sternson, S.M.4
  • 255
    • 80052921144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic plasticity of feeding circuits: Hormones and hysteresis
    • Dietrich, M. O. & Horvath, T. L. Synaptic plasticity of feeding circuits: hormones and hysteresis. Cell 146, 863-865 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 863-865
    • Dietrich, M.O.1    Horvath, T.L.2
  • 257
    • 0034964279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine production in the caudate putamen restores feeding in dopamine-deficient mice
    • Szczypka, M. S. et al. Dopamine production in the caudate putamen restores feeding in dopamine-deficient mice. Neuron 30, 819-828 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 819-828
    • Szczypka, M.S.1
  • 258
    • 0032694280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding behavior in dopamine-deficient mice
    • Szczypka, M. S. et al. Feeding behavior in dopamine-deficient mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 12138-12143 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 12138-12143
    • Szczypka, M.S.1
  • 260
    • 64249132485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin signaling in brain: A link between nutrition and cognition? Biochim
    • Morrison, C. D. Leptin signaling in brain: a link between nutrition and cognition? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1792, 401-408 (2009).
    • (2009) Biophys. Acta , vol.1792 , pp. 401-408
    • Morrison, C.D.1
  • 261
    • 34548675339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin regulates striatal regions and human eating behavior
    • Farooqi, I. S. et al. Leptin regulates striatal regions and human eating behavior. Science 317, 1355 (2007).
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 1355
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 262
    • 35948998870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans
    • Batterham, R. L. et al. PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans. Nature 450, 106-109 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 106-109
    • Batterham, R.L.1
  • 263
    • 84861976352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FoxO1 target Gpr17 activates AgRP neurons to regulate food intake
    • Ren, H. et al. FoxO1 target Gpr17 activates AgRP neurons to regulate food intake. Cell 149, 1314-1326 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , pp. 1314-1326
    • Ren, H.1
  • 264
    • 84864711337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstruction of a neural circuit for hunger
    • 11 July 2012 (doi:10.1038/nature11270)
    • Atasoy, D., Betley, J. N., Su, H. H. & Sternson, S. M. Deconstruction of a neural circuit for hunger. Nature 11 July 2012 (doi:10.1038/nature11270).
    • Nature
    • Atasoy, D.1    Betley, J.N.2    Su, H.H.3    Sternson, S.M.4
  • 265
    • 84864474183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AgRP neurons regulate development of dopamine neuronal plasticity and nonfood-associated behaviors
    • 24 June 2012 (doi:10.1038/nn.3147)
    • Dietrich, M. O. et al. AgRP neurons regulate development of dopamine neuronal plasticity and nonfood-associated behaviors. Nature Neurosci. 24 June 2012 (doi:10.1038/nn.3147).
    • Nature Neurosci
    • Dietrich, M.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.