메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue , 2011, Pages 409-439

A Method for Rapid Directed Evolution

Author keywords

Amino acid alphabet; Codon degeneracy; Directed evolution; Enzyme enantioselectivity; Enzyme thermostability; Focused libraries; Saturation mutagenesis

Indexed keywords


EID: 80052444296     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527634026.ch16     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 0142139568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed Enzyme Evolution: Screening and Selection Methods
    • Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey
    • Arnold, F.H. and Georgiou, G. (eds) (2003) Directed Enzyme Evolution: Screening and Selection Methods, Vol. 230, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey .
    • (2003) , vol.230
    • Arnold, F.H.1    Georgiou, G.2
  • 4
    • 0001739247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating and engineering enzymes by genetic selection
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,40,3310-35
    • Taylor, S.V., Kast, P. and Hilvert, D. (2001) Investigating and engineering enzymes by genetic selection . Angewandte Chemie,113,3408-36 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,40,3310-35 .
    • (2001) Angewandte Chemie , vol.113 , pp. 3408-36
    • Taylor, S.V.1    Kast, P.2    Hilvert, D.3
  • 7
    • 33750006508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution: An approach to engineer enzymes
    • Kaur, J. and Sharma, R. (2006) Directed evolution: An approach to engineer enzymes . Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,26,165-99 .
    • (2006) Critical Reviews in Biotechnology , vol.26 , pp. 165-99
    • Kaur, J.1    Sharma, R.2
  • 10
    • 0031574019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to DNA mutagenesis: An overview
    • Ling, M.M. and Robinson, B.H. (1997) Approaches to DNA mutagenesis: An overview . Analytical Biochemistry,254,157-78 .
    • (1997) Analytical Biochemistry , vol.254 , pp. 157-78
    • Ling, M.M.1    Robinson, B.H.2
  • 14
    • 39149125127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme optimization: moving from blind evolution to statistical exploration of sequence-function space
    • Fox, R.J. and Huisman, G.W. (2008) Enzyme optimization: moving from blind evolution to statistical exploration of sequence-function space . T rends in Biotechnology,26,132-8 .
    • (2008) T rends in Biotechnology , vol.26 , pp. 132-8
    • Fox, R.J.1    Huisman, G.W.2
  • 15
    • 0033779402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature adaptation of enzymes: Lessons from laboratory evolution
    • Wintrode, P.L. and Arnold, F.H. (2001) Temperature adaptation of enzymes: Lessons from laboratory evolution . Advances in Protein Chemistry,55,161-225 .
    • (2001) Advances in Protein Chemistry , vol.55 , pp. 161-225
    • Wintrode, P.L.1    Arnold, F.H.2
  • 18
    • 0037025911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of selective enzymes and hybrid catalysts
    • Reviews of directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes: (a)
    • Reviews of directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes: (a) Reetz, M.T. (2002) Directed evolution of selective enzymes and hybrid catalysts . Tetrahedron,58,6595-602 .
    • (2002) Tetrahedron , vol.58 , pp. 6595-602
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 20
    • 1942503297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the enantioselectivity of enzymes by directed evolution: Practical and theoretical ramifi cations
    • Reetz, M.T. (2004) Controlling the enantioselectivity of enzymes by directed evolution: Practical and theoretical ramifi cations . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,101,5716-22 .
    • (2004) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.101 , pp. 5716-22
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 21
    • 33646473069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes as catalysts for organic synthesis
    • (eds B.C. Gates and H. Knözinger), Elsevier, San Diego
    • Reetz, M.T. (2006) Directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes as catalysts for organic synthesis, in Advances in Catalysis, Vol. 49 (eds B.C. Gates and H. Knözinger), Elsevier, San Diego, pp. 1-69 .
    • (2006) Advances in Catalysis , vol.49 , pp. 1-69
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 22
    • 0142248496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of enzymes for applied biocatalysis
    • Turner, N.J. (2003) Directed evolution of enzymes for applied biocatalysis . Trends in Biotechnology,21,474-8 .
    • (2003) Trends in Biotechnology , vol.21 , pp. 474-8
    • Turner, N.J.1
  • 23
    • 0000425928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New methods for the high-throughput screening of enantioselective catalysts and biocatalysts
    • Reviews of high-throughput e e-screens, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,41,1335-8
    • Reviews of high-throughput e e-screens: Reetz, M.T. (2002) New methods for the high-throughput screening of enantioselective catalysts and biocatalysts . Angewandte Chemie,114,1391-94 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,41,1335-8 .
    • (2002) Angewandte Chemie , vol.114 , pp. 1391-94
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 24
    • 0141992686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Select protocols of high-throughput ee-screening for assaying enantioselective enzymes
    • (eds F.H. Arnold and G. Georgiou), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey
    • Reetz, M.T. (2003) Select protocols of high-throughput ee-screening for assaying enantioselective enzymes, in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 230 (eds F.H. Arnold and G. Georgiou), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 283-90 .
    • (2003) Methods in Molecular Biology , vol.230 , pp. 283-90
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 26
    • 33746187002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput screening of enantioselective industrial biocatalyst
    • (eds S. Brakmann and A. Schwienhorst), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim
    • Reetz, M.T. (2004) High-throughput screening of enantioselective industrial biocatalysts, in Evolutionary Methods in Biotechnology, vol. (eds S. Brakmann and A. Schwienhorst), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp. 113-41 .
    • (2004) Evolutionary Methods in Biotechnology , pp. 113-41
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 28
    • 84889807359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme Assays-High-throughput Screening
    • Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim
    • Reymond, J.-L. (2005) Enzyme Assays-High-throughput Screening, Genetic Selection and Fingerprinting, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim .
    • (2005) Genetic Selection and Fingerprinting
    • Reymond, J.-L.1
  • 29
    • 0002694056 scopus 로고
    • A method for random mutagenesis of a defi ned DNA segment using a modifi ed polymerase chain reaction
    • Leung, D.W., Chen, E. and Goeddel, D.V. (1989) A method for random mutagenesis of a defi ned DNA segment using a modifi ed polymerase chain reaction . Technique (Philadelphia),1,11-15 .
    • (1989) Technique (Philadelphia) , vol.1 , pp. 11-15
    • Leung, D.W.1    Chen, E.2    Goeddel, D.V.3
  • 31
    • 2142801614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis by inverse PC
    • Numerous different molecular biological approaches to saturation (or cassette) mutagenesis are known, in addition to the currently most often used QuikChange protocol by Stratagene [17], e.g., (eds N. Casali and A. Preston), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey
    • Numerous different molecular biological approaches to saturation (or cassette) mutagenesis are known, in addition to the currently most often used QuikChange protocol by Stratagene [17], e.g.: Dominy, C.N. and Andrews, D.W. (2003) Site-directed mutagenesis by inverse PCR, in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 235 (eds N. Casali and A. Preston), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 209-23 .
    • (2003) Methods in Molecular Biology , vol.235 , pp. 209-23
    • Dominy, C.N.1    Andrews, D.W.2
  • 32
    • 0023929638 scopus 로고
    • A simple and rapid method for the selection of oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutants
    • Vandeyar, M.A., Weiner, M.P., Hutton, C.J. and Batt, C.A. (1988) A simple and rapid method for the selection of oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutants . Gene,65,129-33 .
    • (1988) Gene , vol.65 , pp. 129-33
    • Vandeyar, M.A.1    Weiner, M.P.2    Hutton, C.J.3    Batt, C.A.4
  • 33
    • 0032052278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved PCR-mutagenesis strategy for two-site mutagenesis or sequence swapping between related genes
    • Kirsch, R.D. and Joly, E. (1998) An improved PCR-mutagenesis strategy for two-site mutagenesis or sequence swapping between related genes . Nucleic Acids Research,26,1848-50 .
    • (1998) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.26 , pp. 1848-50
    • Kirsch, R.D.1    Joly, E.2
  • 34
    • 3843146246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effi cient one-step site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis protocol
    • Zheng, L., Baumann, U. and Reymond, J.-L. (2004) An effi cient one-step site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis protocol . Nucleic Acids Research,32, e115 .
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.32
    • Zheng, L.1    Baumann, U.2    Reymond, J.-L.3
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0021826423 scopus 로고
    • Cassette mutagenesis: an effi cient method for generation of multiple mutations at defi ned sites
    • Wells, J.A., Vasser, M. and Powers, D. B. (1985) Cassette mutagenesis: an effi cient method for generation of multiple mutations at defi ned sites . Gene,34,315-23 .
    • (1985) Gene , vol.34 , pp. 315-23
    • Wells, J.A.1    Vasser, M.2    Powers, D.B.3
  • 40
    • 0022479114 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of random-sequence oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Oliphant, A.R., Nussbaum, A.L. and Struhl, K. (1986) Cloning of random-sequence oligodeoxynucleotides . Gene,44,177-83 .
    • (1986) Gene , vol.44 , pp. 177-83
    • Oliphant, A.R.1    Nussbaum, A.L.2    Struhl, K.3
  • 41
    • 0023949179 scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial cassette mutagenesis as a probe of the informational content of protein sequences
    • Reidhaar-Olson, J.F. and Sauer, R.T. (1988) Combinatorial cassette mutagenesis as a probe of the informational content of protein sequences . Science (Washington, DC),241,53-7 .
    • (1988) Science (Washington, DC) , vol.241 , pp. 53-7
    • Reidhaar-Olson, J.F.1    Sauer, R.T.2
  • 42
    • 0024834564 scopus 로고
    • A reliable method for random mutagenesis: The generation of mutant libraries using spiked oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers
    • Hermes, J.D., Parekh, S.M., Blacklow, S.C., Köster, H. and Knowles, J.R. (1989) A reliable method for random mutagenesis: The generation of mutant libraries using spiked oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers . Gene,84,143-51 .
    • (1989) Gene , vol.84 , pp. 143-51
    • Hermes, J.D.1    Parekh, S.M.2    Blacklow, S.C.3    Köster, H.4    Knowles, J.R.5
  • 43
    • 0025325983 scopus 로고
    • The " megaprimer " method of site-directed mutagenesis
    • Sarkar, G. and Sommer, S.S. (1990) The " megaprimer " method of site-directed mutagenesis . BioTechniques,8,404-7 .
    • (1990) BioTechniques , vol.8 , pp. 404-7
    • Sarkar, G.1    Sommer, S.S.2
  • 44
    • 0029014430 scopus 로고
    • Rapid and high effi ciency site-directed mutagenesis by improvement of the homologous recombination technique
    • Martin, A., Toselli, E., Rosier, M.-F., Auffray, C. and Devignes, M.-D. (1995) Rapid and high effi ciency site-directed mutagenesis by improvement of the homologous recombination technique . Nucleic Acids Research,23,1642-3 .
    • (1995) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.23 , pp. 1642-3
    • Martin, A.1    Toselli, E.2    Rosier, M.-F.3    Auffray, C.4    Devignes, M.-D.5
  • 45
    • 0028050350 scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolu tion of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffl ing
    • Stemmer, W.P.C. (1994) Rapid evolu tion of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffl ing . Nature (London, UK),370,389-91 .
    • (1994) Nature (London, UK) , vol.370 , pp. 389-91
    • Stemmer, W.P.C.1
  • 47
    • 0032518266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA shuffl ing of a family of genes from diverse species accelerates directed evolution
    • Crameri, A., Raillard, S.-A., Bermudez, E. and Stemmer, W.P.C. (1998) DNA shuffl ing of a family of genes from diverse species accelerates directed evolution . Nature,391,288-91 .
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 288-91
    • Crameri, A.1    Raillard, S.-A.2    Bermudez, E.3    Stemmer, W.P.C.4
  • 48
    • 3543106035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel methods for directed evolution of enzymes: quality, not quantity
    • Lutz, S. and Patrick, W.M. (2004) Novel methods for directed evolution of enzymes: quality, not quantity . Current Opinion in Biotechnology,15,291-7 .
    • (2004) Current Opinion in Biotechnology , vol.15 , pp. 291-7
    • Lutz, S.1    Patrick, W.M.2
  • 49
    • 2542563521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biochemical strategies for the randomization of protein encoding DNA sequences: Library construction methods for directed evolution
    • Neylon, C. (2004) Chemical and biochemical strategies for the randomization of protein encoding DNA sequences: Library construction methods for directed evolution . Nucleic Acids Research,32,1448-59 .
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.32 , pp. 1448-59
    • Neylon, C.1
  • 51
    • 0001050722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation of enantioselective biocatalysts for organic chemistry by in vitro evolution
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,36,2830-2
    • Reetz, M.T., Zonta, A., Schimossek, K., Liebeton, K. and Jaeger, K.-E. (1997) Creation of enantioselective biocatalysts for organic chemistry by in vitro evolution . Angewandte Chemie,109,2961-3 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,36,2830-2 .
    • (1997) Angewandte Chemie , vol.109 , pp. 2961-3
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Zonta, A.2    Schimossek, K.3    Liebeton, K.4    Jaeger, K.-E.5
  • 52
    • 0000967439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of an enantioselective enzyme through combinatorial multiple cassette mutagenesis
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,40,3589-91
    • Reetz, M.T., Wilensek, S., Zha, D. and Jaeger, K.-E. (2001) Directed evolution of an enantioselective enzyme through combinatorial multiple cassette mutagenesis . Angewandte Chemie,113,3701-3 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,40,3589-91 .
    • (2001) Angewandte Chemie , vol.113 , pp. 3701-3
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Wilensek, S.2    Zha, D.3    Jaeger, K.-E.4
  • 53
    • 0035930698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete reversal of enantioselectivity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by directed evolution
    • Zha, D., Wilensek, S., Hermes, M., Jaeger, K.-E. and Reetz, M.T. (2001) Complete reversal of enantioselectivity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by directed evolution . Chemical Communications,2664-5 .
    • (2001) Chemical Communications , pp. 2664-5
    • Zha, D.1    Wilensek, S.2    Hermes, M.3    Jaeger, K.-E.4    Reetz, M.T.5
  • 54
    • 20544449855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why high-error-rate random mutagenesis libraries are enriched in functional and improved proteins
    • Drummond, D.A., Iverson, B.L., Georgiou, G. and Arnold, F.H. (2005) Why high-error-rate random mutagenesis libraries are enriched in functional and improved proteins . Journal of Molecular Biology,350,806-16 .
    • (2005) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.350 , pp. 806-16
    • Drummond, D.A.1    Iverson, B.L.2    Georgiou, G.3    Arnold, F.H.4
  • 56
    • 3042784274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating mutant libraries using error-prone PC
    • (eds G. Georgiou and F.H. Arnold), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey
    • Cirino, P.C., Mayer, K.M. and Umeno, D. (2003) Generating mutant libraries using error-prone PCR, in Directed Evolution Library Creation: Methods and Protocols, Vol. 231 (eds G. Georgiou and F.H. Arnold), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 3-9 .
    • (2003) Directed Evolution Library Creation: Methods and Protocols , vol.231 , pp. 3-9
    • Cirino, P.C.1    Mayer, K.M.2    Umeno, D.3
  • 57
    • 2342535792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence saturation mutagenesis (SeSaM): a novel method for directed evolution
    • Wong, T.S., Tee, K.L., Hauer, B. and Schwaneberg, U. (2004) Sequence saturation mutagenesis (SeSaM): a novel method for directed evolution . Nucleic Acids Research,32, e26 .
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.32
    • Wong, T.S.1    Tee, K.L.2    Hauer, B.3    Schwaneberg, U.4
  • 58
    • 0033964975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effective family shuffl ing method using single-stranded DNA
    • Kikuchi, H., Ohnishi, K. and Harayama, S. (1999) An effective family shuffl ing method using single-stranded DNA . Gene,243,133-7 .
    • (1999) Gene , vol.243 , pp. 133-137
    • Kikuchi, H.1    Ohnishi, K.2    Harayama, S.3
  • 59
    • 0041324888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of directed evolution approaches using the β-glucuronidase model system
    • Rowe, L.A., Geddie, M.L., Alexander, O.B. and Matsumura, I. (2003) A comparison of directed evolution approaches using the β-glucuronidase model system . Journal of Molecular Biology,332,851-60 .
    • (2003) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.332 , pp. 851-60
    • Rowe, L.A.1    Geddie, M.L.2    Alexander, O.B.3    Matsumura, I.4
  • 60
    • 24044554219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-saturation mutagenesis is more effi cient than DNA shuffl ing for the directed evolution of β-fucosidase from β-galactosidase
    • Parikh, M.R. and Matsumura, I. (2005) Site-saturation mutagenesis is more effi cient than DNA shuffl ing for the directed evolution of β-fucosidase from β-galactosidase . Journal of Molecular Biology,352,621-8 .
    • (2005) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.352 , pp. 621-8
    • Parikh, M.R.1    Matsumura, I.2
  • 62
    • 1542353447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RACHITT: Gene family shuffl ing by random chimeragenesis on transient template
    • (eds F.H. Arnold and G. Georgiou), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey
    • Coco, W.M. (2003) RACHITT: Gene family shuffl ing by random chimeragenesis on transient templates, in Directed Evolution Library Creation: Methods and Protocols, Vol. 231 (eds F.H. Arnold and G. Georgiou), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 111-27 .
    • (2003) Directed Evolution Library Creation: Methods and Protocols , vol.231 , pp. 111-27
    • Coco, W.M.1
  • 65
    • 0037415021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly of designed oligonucleotides as an effi cient method for gene recombination: A new tool in directed evolution
    • Zha, D., Eipper, A. and Reetz, M.T. (2003) Assembly of designed oligonucleotides as an effi cient method for gene recombination: A new tool in directed evolution . ChemBioChem,4,34-9 .
    • (2003) ChemBioChem , vol.4 , pp. 34-9
    • Zha, D.1    Eipper, A.2    Reetz, M.T.3
  • 66
    • 0036841628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating randomized amino acid libraries with the QuikChange ® multi site-directed mutagenesis kit
    • Hogrefe, H.H., Cline, J., Youngblood, G.L. and Allen, R.M. (2002) Creating randomized amino acid libraries with the QuikChange ® multi site-directed mutagenesis kit . BioTechniques,33,1158-65 .
    • (2002) BioTechniques , vol.33 , pp. 1158-65
    • Hogrefe, H.H.1    Cline, J.2    Youngblood, G.L.3    Allen, R.M.4
  • 67
    • 0038814072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in distant residues moderately increase the enantioselectivity of Pseudomonas fl uorescens esterase towards methyl 3-bromo-2-methylpropanoate and ethyl 3-phenylbutyrate
    • Horsman, G.P., Liu, A.M.F., Henke, E., Bornscheuer, U.T. and Kazlauskas, R.J. (2003) Mutations in distant residues moderately increase the enantioselectivity of Pseudomonas fl uorescens esterase towards methyl 3-bromo-2-methylpropanoate and ethyl 3-phenylbutyrate . Chemistry-A European Journal,9,1933-9 .
    • (2003) Chemistry-A European Journal , vol.9 , pp. 1933-9
    • Horsman, G.P.1    Liu, A.M.F.2    Henke, E.3    Bornscheuer, U.T.4    Kazlauskas, R.J.5
  • 68
    • 33646810869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fl uorescens yields a mutant with excellent enantioselectivity and activity for the kinetic resolution of a chiral building block
    • Schmidt, M., Hasenpusch, D., Kähler, M., Kirchner, U., Wiggenhorn, K., Langel, W. and Bornscheuer, U.T. (2006) Directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fl uorescens yields a mutant with excellent enantioselectivity and activity for the kinetic resolution of a chiral building block . ChemBioChem,7,805-9 .
    • (2006) ChemBioChem , vol.7 , pp. 805-9
    • Schmidt, M.1    Hasenpusch, D.2    Kähler, M.3    Kirchner, U.4    Wiggenhorn, K.5    Langel, W.6    Bornscheuer, U.T.7
  • 69
    • 33744501168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes: Iterative cycles of CASTing for probing protein-sequence space
    • Erratum,2556 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition (2006) 45,1236-41 ; Erratum,2494
    • Reetz, M.T., Wang, L.-W. and Bocola, M. (2006) Directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes: Iterative cycles of CASTing for probing protein-sequence space . Angewandte Chemie,118,1258-63 ; Erratum,2556 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition (2006) 45,1236-41 ; Erratum,2494 .
    • (2006) Angewandte Chemie , vol.118 , pp. 1258-63
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Wang, L.-W.2    Bocola, M.3
  • 70
    • 34248567845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM) for rapid directed evolution of functional enzymes
    • Reetz, M.T. and Carballeira, J.D. (2007) Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM) for rapid directed evolution of functional enzymes . Nature Protocols,2,891-903 .
    • (2007) Nature Protocols , vol.2 , pp. 891-903
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Carballeira, J.D.2
  • 71
    • 18044397860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical expressions useful in the construction, description and evaluation of protein libraries
    • Bosley, A.D. and Ostermeier, M. (2005) Mathematical expressions useful in the construction, description and evaluation of protein libraries . Biomolecular Engineering,22,57-61 .
    • (2005) Biomolecular Engineering , vol.22 , pp. 57-61
    • Bosley, A.D.1    Ostermeier, M.2
  • 72
    • 23944525846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies and computational tools for improving randomized protein libraries
    • Patrick, W.M. and Firth, A.E. (2005) Strategies and computational tools for improving randomized protein libraries . Biomolecular Engineering,22,105-12 .
    • (2005) Biomolecular Engineering , vol.22 , pp. 105-12
    • Patrick, W.M.1    Firth, A.E.2
  • 74
    • 23444436172 scopus 로고
    • Protein design by binary patterning of polar and nonpolar amino-acids
    • Examples of different applications of amino acid alphabet usage: (a)
    • Kamtekar, S., Schiffer, J.M., Xiong, H.Y., Babik, J.M. and Hecht, M.H. (1993) Protein design by binary patterning of polar and nonpolar amino-acids . Science,262,1680-5 .
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 1680-5
    • Kamtekar, S.1    Schiffer, J.M.2    Xiong, H.Y.3    Babik, J.M.4    Hecht, M.H.5
  • 75
    • 0029120253 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative folded proteins in random sequence libraries
    • Davidson, A.R., Lumb, K.J. and Sauer, R.T. (1995) Cooperative folded proteins in random sequence libraries . Nature Structural Biology,2,856-64 .
    • (1995) Nature Structural Biology , vol.2 , pp. 856-64
    • Davidson, A.R.1    Lumb, K.J.2    Sauer, R.T.3
  • 77
    • 0001517303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for the development of enantioselective catalysts
    • Reetz, M.T. (1999) Strategies for the development of enantioselective catalysts . Pure and Applied Chemistry,71,1503-9 .
    • (1999) Pure and Applied Chemistry , vol.71 , pp. 1503-9
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 79
    • 0034583247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of directed evolution in the development of enantioselective enzymes
    • Reetz, M.T. (2000) Application of directed evolution in the development of enantioselective enzymes . Pure and Applied Chemistry,72,1615-22 .
    • (2000) Pure and Applied Chemistry , vol.72 , pp. 1615-22
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 81
    • 3042531902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from directed evolution: Theoretical investigations into cooperative mutations in lipase enantioselectivity
    • Bocola, M., Otte, N., Jaeger, K.-E., Reetz, M.T. and Thiel, W. (2004) Learning from directed evolution: Theoretical investigations into cooperative mutations in lipase enantioselectivity . ChemBioChem,5,214-23 .
    • (2004) ChemBioChem , vol.5 , pp. 214-23
    • Bocola, M.1    Otte, N.2    Jaeger, K.-E.3    Reetz, M.T.4    Thiel, W.5
  • 82
    • 33846302851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from directed evolution: Further 436 16 A Method for Rapid Directed Evolution lessons from theoretical investigations into cooperative mutations in lipase enantioselectivity
    • Reetz, M.T., Puls, M., Carballeira, J.D., Vogel, A., Jaeger, K.-E., Eggert, T., Thiel, W., Bocola, M. and Otte, N. (2007) Learning from directed evolution: Further 436 16 A Method for Rapid Directed Evolution lessons from theoretical investigations into cooperative mutations in lipase enantioselectivity . ChemBioChem,8,106-12 .
    • (2007) ChemBioChem , vol.8 , pp. 106-12
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Puls, M.2    Carballeira, J.D.3    Vogel, A.4    Jaeger, K.-E.5    Eggert, T.6    Thiel, W.7    Bocola, M.8    Otte, N.9
  • 83
    • 0033280672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring nonnatural evolutionary pathways by saturation mutagenesis: Rapid improvement of protein function
    • Miyazaki, K. and Arnold, F.H. (1999) Exploring nonnatural evolutionary pathways by saturation mutagenesis: Rapid improvement of protein function . Journal of Molecular Evolution,49,716-20 .
    • (1999) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 716-20
    • Miyazaki, K.1    Arnold, F.H.2
  • 87
    • 44649102734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving activity and stability of cutinase towards the anionic detergent AOT by complete saturation mutagenis
    • Brissos, V., Eggert, T., Cabral, J.M.S. and Jaeger, K.-E. (2008) Improving activity and stability of cutinase towards the anionic detergent AOT by complete saturation mutagenis . Protein Engineering, Design & Selection,21,387-93 .
    • (2008) Protein Engineering, Design & Selection , vol.21 , pp. 387-93
    • Brissos, V.1    Eggert, T.2    Cabral, J.M.S.3    Jaeger, K.-E.4
  • 89
    • 0033768504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of D-2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase to new variants for the effi cient synthesis of D-and L-sugars
    • Fong, S., Machajewski, T.D., Mak, C.C. and Wong, C.-H. (2000) Directed evolution of D-2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase to new variants for the effi cient synthesis of D-and L-sugars . Chemistry and Biology,7,873-83 .
    • (2000) Chemistry and Biology , vol.7 , pp. 873-83
    • Fong, S.1    Machajewski, T.D.2    Mak, C.C.3    Wong, C.-H.4
  • 91
    • 0042666843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling domino effects in enzymes: molecular basis of the substrate specifi city of the bacterial metallo-β-lactamases IMP-1 and IMP-6
    • Oelschlaeger, P., Schmid, R.D. and Pleiss, J. (2003) Modeling domino effects in enzymes: molecular basis of the substrate specifi city of the bacterial metallo-β-lactamases IMP-1 and IMP-6 . Biochemistry,42,8945-56 .
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 8945-56
    • Oelschlaeger, P.1    Schmid, R.D.2    Pleiss, J.3
  • 93
    • 0034673157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probes of a role for remote binding interactions on hydrogen tunnelling in the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase reaction
    • Chin, J.K. and Klinman, J.P. (2000) Probes of a role for remote binding interactions on hydrogen tunnelling in the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase reaction . Biochemistry,39,1278-84 .
    • (2000) Biochemistry , vol.39 , pp. 1278-84
    • Chin, J.K.1    Klinman, J.P.2
  • 94
    • 34247503574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iterative saturation mutagenesis on the basis of B factors as a strategy for increasing protein thermostability
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,45,7745-51
    • Reetz, M.T., Carballeira, J.D. and Vogel, A. (2006) Iterative saturation mutagenesis on the basis of B factors as a strategy for increasing protein thermostability . Angewandte Chemie,118,7909-15 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,45,7745-51 .
    • (2006) Angewandte Chemie , vol.118 , pp. 7909-15
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Carballeira, J.D.2    Vogel, A.3
  • 95
    • 8744282801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active site engineering of the epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 to enhance aerobic mineralization of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in cells expressing an evolved toluene ortho-monooxygenase
    • Rui, L., Cao, L., Chen, W., Reardon, K.F. and Wood, T.K. (2004) Active site engineering of the epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 to enhance aerobic mineralization of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in cells expressing an evolved toluene ortho-monooxygenase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry,279,46810-17 .
    • (2004) The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , pp. 46810-17
    • Rui, L.1    Cao, L.2    Chen, W.3    Reardon, K.F.4    Wood, T.K.5
  • 96
    • 0031053362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general strategy for selecting high-affi nity zinc fi nger proteins for diverse DNA target sites
    • Greisman, H.A. and Pabo, C.O. (1997) A general strategy for selecting high-affi nity zinc fi nger proteins for diverse DNA target sites . Science,275,657-61 .
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 657-61
    • Greisman, H.A.1    Pabo, C.O.2
  • 97
    • 29544447722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the range of substrate acceptance of enzymes: Combinatorial active-site saturation test
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,44,4192-6
    • Reetz, M.T., Bocola, M., Carballeira, J.D., Zha, D. and Vogel, A. (2005) Expanding the range of substrate acceptance of enzymes: Combinatorial active-site saturation test . Angewandte Chemie,117,4264-8 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,44,4192-6 .
    • (2005) Angewandte Chemie , vol.117 , pp. 4264-8
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Bocola, M.2    Carballeira, J.D.3    Zha, D.4    Vogel, A.5
  • 98
    • 0026638399 scopus 로고
    • Cloning, nucleotide-sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of a lipase gene from Bacillus subtilis 168
    • Dartois, V., Baulard, A., Schanck, K. and Colson, C. (1992) Cloning, nucleotide-sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of a lipase gene from Bacillus subtilis 168 . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1131,253-60 .
    • (1992) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , vol.1131 , pp. 253-60
    • Dartois, V.1    Baulard, A.2    Schanck, K.3    Colson, C.4
  • 99
    • 0032717591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial biocatalysts: molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of lipases
    • Jaeger, K.-E., Dijkstra, B.W. and Reetz, M.T. (1999) Bacterial biocatalysts: molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of lipases . Annual Review of Microbiology,53,315-51 .
    • (1999) Annual Review of Microbiology , vol.53 , pp. 315-51
    • Jaeger, K.-E.1    Dijkstra, B.W.2    Reetz, M.T.3
  • 102
    • 0034651639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase at 1.8åresolution: implications for the structure and function of the mammalian microsomal class of epoxide hydrolases
    • Zou, J.Y., Hallberg, B.M., Bergfors, T., Oesch, F., Arand, M., Mowbray, S.L. and Jones, T.A. (2000) Structure of Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase at 1.8åresolution: implications for the structure and function of the mammalian microsomal class of epoxide hydrolases . Structure,8,111-22 .
    • (2000) Structure , vol.8 , pp. 111-22
    • Zou, J.Y.1    Hallberg, B.M.2    Bergfors, T.3    Oesch, F.4    Arand, M.5    Mowbray, S.L.6    Jones, T.A.7
  • 103
    • 33645666942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fi tter proteins
    • Weinreich, D.M., Delaney, N.F., Depristo, M.A. and Hartl, D.L. (2006) Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fi tter proteins . Science,312,111-14 .
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 111-14
    • Weinreich, D.M.1    Delaney, N.F.2    Depristo, M.A.3    Hartl, D.L.4
  • 105
    • 13844316739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epoxide hydrolases: mechanisms, inhibitor designs, and biological roles
    • Morisseau, C. and Hammock, B.D. (2005) Epoxide hydrolases: mechanisms, inhibitor designs, and biological roles . Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,45,311-33 .
    • (2005) Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology , vol.45 , pp. 311-33
    • Morisseau, C.1    Hammock, B.D.2
  • 107
    • 0036009145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A view at the millennium: the effi ciency of enzymatic catalysis
    • Bruice, T.C. (2002) A view at the millennium: the effi ciency of enzymatic catalysis . Accounts of Chemical Research,35,139-48 .
    • (2002) Accounts of Chemical Research , vol.35 , pp. 139-48
    • Bruice, T.C.1
  • 108
    • 84884659031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of the Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase
    • Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
    • Wang, L.-W. (2006) Directed evolution of the Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase . Dissertation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
    • (2006) Dissertation
    • Wang, L.-W.1
  • 109
    • 33750451635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing new Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases using restricted CASTing
    • Clouthier, C.M., Kayser, M.M. and Reetz, M.T. (2006) Designing new Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases using restricted CASTing . The Journal of Organic Chemistry,71,8431-7 .
    • (2006) The Journal of Organic Chemistry , vol.71 , pp. 8431-7
    • Clouthier, C.M.1    Kayser, M.M.2    Reetz, M.T.3
  • 110
    • 84884635167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patent DE-A 101 29 187.6
    • Reetz, M.T. (2001) Patent DE-A 101 29 187.6 .
    • (2001)
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 111
    • 0037025911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of selective enzymes and hybrid catalysts
    • Reetz, M.T. (2002) Directed evolution of selective enzymes and hybrid catalysts . Tetrahedron,58,6595-602 .
    • (2002) Tetrahedron , vol.58 , pp. 6595-602
    • Reetz, M.T.1
  • 112
    • 33750070283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of hybrid enzymes: evolving enantioselectivity of an achiral Rh-complex anchored to a protein
    • Reetz, M.T., Peyralans, J.J.-P., Maichele, A., Fu, Y. and Maywald, M. (2006) Directed evolution of hybrid enzymes: evolving enantioselectivity of an achiral Rh-complex anchored to a protein . Chemical Communications,4318-20 .
    • (2006) Chemical Communications , pp. 4318-20
    • Reetz, M.T.1    Peyralans, J.J.-P.2    Maichele, A.3    Fu, Y.4    Maywald, M.5
  • 115
    • 54949127070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete inversion of enantioselectivity towards acetylated tertiary alcohols by a double mutant of a Bacillus subtilis esterase
    • Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,47,1508-11
    • Bartsch, S., Kourist, R. and Bornscheuer, U.T. (2008) Complete inversion of enantioselectivity towards acetylated tertiary alcohols by a double mutant of a Bacillus subtilis esterase . Angewandte Chemie,120,1531-4 ; Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,47,1508-11 .
    • (2008) Angewandte Chemie , vol.120 , pp. 1531-4
    • Bartsch, S.1    Kourist, R.2    Bornscheuer, U.T.3
  • 116
    • 38649127524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering coenzyme specifi city of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase by the semi-rational approach CASTing
    • Liang, L., Zhang, J. and Lin, Z. (2007) Altering coenzyme specifi city of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase by the semi-rational approach CASTing . Microbial Cell Factories,6,36 .
    • (2007) Microbial Cell Factories , vol.6 , pp. 36
    • Liang, L.1    Zhang, J.2    Lin, Z.3
  • 117
    • 0028111862 scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of proteins by evolutionary molecular engineering techniques
    • Oshima, T. (1994) Stabilization of proteins by evolutionary molecular engineering techniques . Current Opinion in Structural Biology,4,623-8 .
    • (1994) Current Opinion in Structural Biology , vol.4 , pp. 623-8
    • Oshima, T.1
  • 118
    • 1642489328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme stabilization-recent experimental progress
    • Ó'Fágáin, C. (2003) Enzyme stabilization-recent experimental progress . Enzyme and Microbial Technology,33,137-49 .
    • (2003) Enzyme and Microbial Technology , vol.33 , pp. 137-49
    • Ó'Fágáin, C.1
  • 122
    • 33947131105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and activity improvement of cephalosporin esterase EstB from Burkholderia gladioli by directed evolution and structural interpretation of muteins
    • Valinger, G., Hermann, M., Wagner, U.G. and Schwab, H. (2007) Stability and activity improvement of cephalosporin esterase EstB from Burkholderia gladioli by directed evolution and structural interpretation of muteins . Journal of Biotechnology,129,98-108 .
    • (2007) Journal of Biotechnology , vol.129 , pp. 98-108
    • Valinger, G.1    Hermann, M.2    Wagner, U.G.3    Schwab, H.4
  • 123
    • 0027255479 scopus 로고
    • Structural and genetic analysis of protein stability
    • Matthews, B.W. (1993) Structural and genetic analysis of protein stability . Annual Review of Biochemistry,62,139-60 .
    • (1993) Annual Review of Biochemistry , vol.62 , pp. 139-60
    • Matthews, B.W.1
  • 125
    • 0035098779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermophilic enzymes: sources, uses, and molecular mechanisms for thermostability
    • Vieille, C. and Zeikus, G.J. (2001) Hyperthermophilic enzymes: sources, uses, and molecular mechanisms for thermostability . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,65,1-43 .
    • (2001) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews , vol.65 , pp. 1-43
    • Vieille, C.1    Zeikus, G.J.2
  • 127
    • 0031467464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and unfolding pathways of a hyperthermophilic and a mesophilic rubredoxin
    • Lazaridis, T., Lee, I. and Karplus, M. (1997) Dynamics and unfolding pathways of a hyperthermophilic and a mesophilic rubredoxin . Protein Science,6,2589-605 .
    • (1997) Protein Science , vol.6 , pp. 2589-605
    • Lazaridis, T.1    Lee, I.2    Karplus, M.3
  • 129
    • 33744928103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New opportunities revealed by biotechnological explorations of extremophiles
    • Podar, M. and Reysenbach, A.-L. (2006) New opportunities revealed by biotechnological explorations of extremophiles . Current Opinion in Biotechnology,17,1-6 .
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Biotechnology , vol.17 , pp. 1-6
    • Podar, M.1    Reysenbach, A.-L.2
  • 132
    • 16244419351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progress towards the application of hyperthermophiles and their enzymes
    • Atomi, H. (2005) Recent progress towards the application of hyperthermophiles and their enzymes . Current Opinion in Biotechnology,9,166-73 .
    • (2005) Current Opinion in Biotechnology , vol.9 , pp. 166-73
    • Atomi, H.1
  • 133
    • 0031580199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein thermal stability, hydrogen bonds, and ion pairs
    • Vogt, G., Woell, S. and Argos, P. (1997) Protein thermal stability, hydrogen bonds, and ion pairs . Journal of Molecular Biology,269,631-43 .
    • (1997) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.269 , pp. 631-43
    • Vogt, G.1    Woell, S.2    Argos, P.3
  • 136
    • 4344592803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of ATP-binding cassette contribute to allosteric control, nucleotide binding and energy transduction in ABC transporters
    • Wang, C., Karpowich, N., Hunt, J.F., Rance, M. and Palmer, A.G. (2004) Dynamics of ATP-binding cassette contribute to allosteric control, nucleotide binding and energy transduction in ABC transporters . Journal of Molecular Biology,342,525-37 .
    • (2004) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.342 , pp. 525-37
    • Wang, C.1    Karpowich, N.2    Hunt, J.F.3    Rance, M.4    Palmer, A.G.5
  • 137
    • 33645288849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROFbval: predict flexible and rigid residues in proteins
    • Schlessinger, A., Yachdav, G. and Rost, B. (2006) PROFbval: predict flexible and rigid residues in proteins . Bioinformatics,22,891-3 .
    • (2006) Bioinformatics , vol.22 , pp. 891-3
    • Schlessinger, A.1    Yachdav, G.2    Rost, B.3
  • 139
    • 0021918946 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of chain flexibility in proteins
    • Karplus, P.A. and Schulz, G.E. (1985) Prediction of chain flexibility in proteins . Naturwissenschaften,72,212-13 .
    • (1985) Naturwissenschaften , vol.72 , pp. 212-13
    • Karplus, P.A.1    Schulz, G.E.2
  • 140
    • 0023557882 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of protein flexibility of thermostability
    • Vihinen, M. (1987) Relationship of protein flexibility of thermostability . Protein Engineering,1,477-80 .
    • (1987) Protein Engineering , vol.1 , pp. 477-80
    • Vihinen, M.1
  • 141
    • 0033955909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein thermal stability: insights from atomic displacement parameters (B values)
    • Parthasarathy, S. and Murthy, M.R.N. (2000) Protein thermal stability: insights from atomic displacement parameters (B values) . Protein Engineering,13,9-13 .
    • (2000) Protein Engineering , vol.13 , pp. 9-13
    • Parthasarathy, S.1    Murthy, M.R.N.2
  • 142
    • 0037316987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexibility analysis of enzyme active sites by crystallographic temperature factors
    • Yuan, Z., Zhao, J. and Wang, Z.-X. (2003) Flexibility analysis of enzyme active sites by crystallographic temperature factors . Protein Engineering,16,109-14 .
    • (2003) Protein Engineering , vol.16 , pp. 109-14
    • Yuan, Z.1    Zhao, J.2    Wang, Z.-X.3
  • 145
    • 0035946913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis lipase: a minimal a/ β hydrolase fold enzyme
    • Van Pouderoyen, G., Eggert, T., Jaeger, K.-E. and Dijkstra, B.W. (2001) The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis lipase: a minimal a/ β hydrolase fold enzyme . Journal of Molecular Biology,309,215-26 .
    • (2001) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.309 , pp. 215-26
    • Van Pouderoyen, G.1    Eggert, T.2    Jaeger, K.-E.3    Dijkstra, B.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.