Design by Directed Evolution

Accounts of Chemical Research

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 125-131

  Arnold, Frances H ^a,b,c,d,e  

^a California Institute of Technology   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d Caltech's Div Chem and Chem Eng   (United States)

^e Department of Chemical Engineering ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001270261     PISSN: 00014842     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ar960017f     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Ekland, E. H.; Szostak, J. W.; Bartel, D. P. Structurally Complex and Highly-Active RNA Ligases Derived from Random RNA Sequences. Science 1995, 269, 364-370.
2. Kauffman, S. A. The Origins of Order; Oxford University Press, Inc.: Oxford, 1993.
3. Eigen, M. The Physics of Molecular Evolution. Chem. Scr. 1986, 26B, 13-26.
4. The differences between screening and selection and laboratory implementation of the two approaches are discussed in two recent reviews: screening (Zhao, H.; Arnold, F. H. Combinatorial Protein Design: Strategies for Screening Protein Libraries. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1997, 7, 480-485) and selection (Hilvert, D.; Kast, P. 3D Structural Information as a Guide to Protein Engineering using Genetic Selection. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1997, 7, 470-479).
5. The differences between screening and selection and laboratory implementation of the two approaches are discussed in two recent reviews: screening (Zhao, H.; Arnold, F. H. Combinatorial Protein Design: Strategies for Screening Protein Libraries. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1997, 7, 480-485) and selection (Hilvert, D.; Kast, P. 3D Structural Information as a Guide to Protein Engineering using Genetic Selection. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1997, 7, 470-479).
6. Arnold, F. H. Directed Evolution: Creating Biocatalysts for the Future. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1996, 51, 5091-5102.
7. Chen, K.; Arnold, F. H. Tuning the Activity of an Enzyme for Unusual Environments: Sequential Random Mutagenesis of Subtilisin E for Catalysis in Dimethylformamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 5618-5622.
8. You, L.; Arnold, F. H. Directed Evolution of Subtilisin E in Bacillus Subtilis to Enhance Total Activity in Aqueous Dimethylformamide. Protein Eng. 1996, 9, 77-83.
9. Wong, C.-H.; Wang, K.-T. New Developments in Enzymatic Peptide-Synthesis. Experientia 1991, 47, 1123-1129.
10. Moore, J. C.; Arnold, F. H. Directed Evolution of a para-Nitrobenzyl Esterase for Aqueous-Organic Solvents. Nat. Biotechnol. 1996, 14, 458-467.
11. Giver, L; Gershenson, A.; Freskgard, P. O.; Arnold, F. H. Directed Evolution of a Thermostable Enzyme, submitted for publication.
12. Müller, H. J. The Relation of Recombination to Mutational Advance. Mutat. Res. 1964, 1, 2-9.
13. Stemmer, W. P. C. Rapid Evolution of a Protein in vitro by DNA Shuffling. Nature 1994, 370, 389-391.
14. Stemmer, W. P. C. DNA Shuffling by Random Fragmentation and Reassembly: In vitro Recombination for Molecular Evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994, 91, 10747-10751.
15. Shao, Z.; Zhao, H.; Giver, L.; Arnold, F. H. Random-Priming in vitro Recombination: an Effective Tool for Directed Evolution. Nucleic Acids Res., in press.
16. Zhao, H.; Giver, L.; Shao, Z.; Affholter, J. A.; Arnold, F. H. Molecular Evolution by Staggered Extension Process (StEP) in vitro Recombination. Nat. Biotechnol. submitted for publication.
17. Crameri, A.; Whitehorn, E. A.; Tate, E.; Stemmer, W. P. C. Improved Green Fluorescent Protein by Molecular Evolution using DNA Shuffling. Nat. Biotechnol. 1996, 14, 315-319.
18. Zhang, J.-H.; Dawes, G.; Stemmer, W. P. C. Directed Evolution of a Fucosidase from a Galactosidase by DNA Shuffling and Screening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94, 4504-4509.
19. Crameri, A.; Dawes, G.; Rodrigues Jr., E.; Silver, S.; Stemmer, W. P. C. Molecular Evolution of an Arsenate Detoxification Pathway DNA Shuffling. Nat. Biotechnol. 1997, 15, 436-438.
20. Zhao, H.; Arnold, F. H. Optimization of DNA Shuffling for High Fidelity Recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997, 25, 1307-1308.
21. Moore, J. C.; Jin, H. M.; Kuchner, O.; Arnold, F. H. Strategies for the in vitro Evolution of Protein Function: Enzyme Evolution by Random Recombination of Improved Sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 1997, 272, 336-347.
22. Crameri, A.; Raillard, S.-A.; Stemmer, W. P. C. DNA Shuffling of a Family of Genes from Diverse Species Accelerates Directed Evolution. Nature 1998, 391, 288-290.
23. Zhao, H.; Arnold, F. H. Functional and Non-Functional Mutations Distinguished by Random Recombination of Homologous Genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94, 7997-8000.