List of transgenic and knockout mice: Behavioral profiles

Mammalian Genome

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 260-274

  Bolivar, Valerie ^a   Cook, Melloni ^a   Flaherty, Lorraine ^a  

^a WADSWORTH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; FEAR; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OPEN FIELD BEHAVIOR; PAIN THRESHOLD; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; FEMALE; MALE; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MICE, TRANSGENIC;

ANIMALIA; MUS MUSCULUS; RODENTIA;

EID: 0034068758     PISSN: 09388990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003350010051     Document Type: Article

References (269)

1. Abel T, Nguyen PV, Barad M, Deuel TA, Kandel ER et al. (1997) Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell 88, 615-626
2. Abeliovich A, Paylor R, Chen C, Kim JJ, Wehner JM et al. (1993) PKC gamma mutant mice exhibit mild deficits in spatial and contextual learning. Cell 75, 1263-1271
3. Accili D, Fishburn CS, Drago J, Steiner H, Lachowicz JE et al. (1996) A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 1945-1949
4. Aiba A, Chen C, Herrup K, Rosenmund C, Stevens CF et al. (1994a) Reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation and context-specific deficit in associative learning in mGluR1 mutant mice. Cell 79, 365-375
5. Aiba A, Kano M, Chen C, Stanton ME, Fox GD et al. (1994b) Deficient cerebellar long-term depression and impaired motor learning in mGluR1 mutant mice. Cell 79, 377-388
6. Alleva E, Cirulli F, Bianchi M, Bondiolotti GP, Chiarotti F et al. (1998) Behavioural characterization of interleukin-6 overexpressing or deficient mice during agonistic encounters. Eur J Neurosci 10, 3664-3672
7. Aloe L, Fiore M (1997) TNF-alpha expressed in the brain of transgenic mice lowers central tyroxine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and alters grooming behavior. Neurosci Lett 238, 65-68
8. Anderson R, Higgins GA (1997) Absence of central cholinergic deficits in ApoE knockout mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132, 135-144
9. Andres C, Beeri R, Huberman T, Shani M, Soreq H (1996) Cholinergic drug resistance and impaired spatial learning in transgenic mice overexpressing human brain acetylcholinesterase. Progr Brain Res 109, 265-272
10. Armario A, Hernandez J, Bluethmann H, Hidalgo J (1998) IL-6 deficiency leads to increased emotionality in mice: evidence in transgenic mice carrying a null mutation for IL-6. J Neuroimmunology 92, 160-169
11. Bach ME, Hawkins RD, Osman M, Kandel ER, Mayford M (1995) Impairment of spatial but not contextual memory in CaMKII mutant mice with a selective loss of hippocampal LTP in the range of the theta frequency. Cell 81, 905-915
12. Baik JH, Picetti R, Saiardi A, Thiriet G, Dierich A et al. (1995) Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors. Nature 377, 424-428
13. Barneoud P, Curet O (1999) Beneficial effects of lysine acetylsalicylate, a soluble salt of aspirin, on motor performance in a transgenic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 155, 243-251
14. Barneoud P, Lolivier J, Sanger DJ, Scatton B, Moser P (1997) Quantitative motor assessment in FALS mice: a longitudinal study. Neuroreport 8, 2861-2865
15. Beeri R, Andres C, Lev-Lehman E, Timberg R, Huberman T et al. (1995) Transgenic expression of human acetylcholinesterase induces progressive cognitive deterioration in mice. Curr Biol 5, 1063-1071
16. Beeri R, Le Novere N, Mervis R, Huberman T, Grauer E et al. (1997) Enhanced hemicholinium binding and attenuated dendrite branching in cognitively impaired acetylcholinesterase-transgenic mice. J Neurochem 69, 2441-2451
17. Belluscio L, Gold GH, Nemes A, Axel R (1998) Mice deficient in G(olf) are anosmic. Neuron 20, 69-81
18. Bengel D, Murphy DL, Andrews AM, Wichems CH, Feltner D et al. (1998) Altered brain serotonin homeostasis and locomotor insensitivity to 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy") in serotonin transporter-deficient mice. Mol Pharmacol 53, 649-655
19. Bergmann I, Priestley JV, McMahon SB, Brocker EB, Toyka KV et al. (1997) Analysis of cutaneous sensory neurons in transgenic mice lacking the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75. Eur J Neurosci 9, 18-28
20. Bianchi M, Maggi R, Pimpinelli F, Rubino T, Parolaro D et al. (1999) Presence of a reduced opioid response in interleukin-6 knock out mice. Eur J Neurosci 11, 1501-1507
21. Bjorklund M, Sirvio J, Puolivali J, Sallinen J, Jakala P et al. (1998) Alpha2C-adrenoceptor-overexpressing mice are impaired in executing nonspatial and spatial escape strategies. Mol Pharmacol 54, 569-576
22. Boison D, Bussow H, D'Urso D, Muller HW, Stoffel W (1995) Adhesive properties of proteolipid protein are responsible for the compaction of CNS myelin sheaths. J Neurosci 15, 5502-5513
23. Bourtchouladze R, Frenguelli B, Blendy J, Cioffi D, Schutz G et al. (1994) Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. Cell 79, 59-68
24. Bourtchouladze R, Abel T, Berman N, Gordon R, Lapidus K et al. (1998) Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. Learn Mem 5, 365-374
25. Boyce S, Rupniak NM, Carlson EJ, Webb J, Borkowski JA et al. (1996) Nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia in B2 bradykinin receptor knockout mice. Immunopharmacology 33, 333-335
26. Brambilla R, Gnesutta N, Minichiello L, White G, Roylance AJ et al. (1997) A role for the Ras signalling pathway in synaptic transmission and long-term memory. Nature 390, 281-286
27. Brandon EP, Logue SF, Adams MR, Qi M, Sullivan SP et al. (1998) Defective motor behavior and neural gene expression in RIIbeta-protein kinase A mutant mice. J Neurosci 18, 3639-3649
28. Brown JR, Ye H, Bronson RT, Dikkes P, Greenberg ME (1996) A defect in nurturing in mice lacking the immediate early gene fosB. Cell 86, 297-309
29. Bueler H, Fischer M, Lang Y, Bluethmann H, Lipp HP et al. (1992) Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein. Nature 356, 577-582
30. Burrows HL, Nakajima M, Lesh JS, Goosens KA, Samuelson LC et al. (1998) Excess corticotropin releasing hormone-binding protein in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 101, 1439-1447
31. Caldarone B, Saavedra C, Tartaglia K, Wehner JM, Dudek BC et al. (1997) Quantitative trait loci analysis affecting contextual conditioning in mice. Nat Genet 17, 335-337
32. Cao YQ, Mantyh PW, Carlson EJ, Gillespie AM, Epstein CJ et al. (1998) Primary afferent tachykinins are required to experience moderate to intense pain. Nature 392, 390-394
33. Carter RJ, Lione LA, Humby T, Mangiarini L, Mahal A et al. (1999) Characterization of progressive motor deficits in mice transgenic for the human Huntington's disease mutation. J Neurosci 19, 3248-3257
34. Cases O, Seif I, Grimsby J, Gaspar P, Chen K et al. (1995) Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA. Science 268, 1763-1766
35. Chapman PF, White GL, Jones MW, Cooper-Blacketer D, Marshall VJ et al. (1999) Impaired synaptic plasticity and learning in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Nat Neurosci 2, 271-276
36. Chen C, Rainnie DG, Greene RW, Tonegawa S (1994) Abnormal fear response and aggressive behavior in mutant mice deficient for alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II. Science 266, 291-294
37. Chen C, Kano M, Abeliovich A, Chen L, Bao S et al. (1995) Impaired motor coordination correlates with persistent multiple climbing fiber innervation in PKC gamma mutant mice. Cell 83, 1233-1242
38. Chen KS, Nishimura MC, Armanini MP, Crowley C, Spencer SD et al. (1997) Disruption of a single allele of the nerve growth factor gene results in atrophy of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and memory deficits. J Neurosci 17, 7288-7296
39. Ching GY, Chien CL, Flores R, Liem RK (1999) Overexpression of alpha-internexin causes abnormal neurofilamentous accumulations and motor coordination deficits in transgenic mice. J Neurosci 19, 2974-2986
40. Clark HB, Burright EN, Yunis WS, Larson S, Wilcox C et al. (1997) Purkinje cell expression of a mutant allele of SCA1 in transgenic mice leads to disparate effects on motor behaviors, followed by a progressive cerebellar dysfunction and histological alterations. J Neurosci 17, 7385-7395
41. Conquet F, Bashir ZI, Davies CH, Daniel H, Ferraguti F et al. (1994) Motor deficit and impairment of synaptic plasticity in mice lacking mGluR1. Nature 372, 237-243
42. Contarino A, Dellu F, Koob GF, Smith GW, Lee KF et al. (1999) Reduced anxiety-like and cognitive performance in mice lacking the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1. Brain Res 835, 1-9
43. Crabbe JC, Wahlsten D, Dudek BC (1999) Genetics of mouse behavior: interactions with laboratory environment. Science 284, 1670-1672
44. Crawley JN, Belknap JK, Collins A, Crabbe JC, Frankel W et al. (1997) Behavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains: implications and recommendations for molecular studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132, 107-24
45. Cremer H, Lange R, Christoph A, Plomann M, Vopper G et al. (1994) Inactivation of the N-CAM gene in mice results in size reduction of the olfactory bulb and deficits in spatial learning. Nature 367, 455-459
46. Crosby G, Marota JJ, Huang PL (1995) Intact nociception-induced neuroplasticity in transgenic mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Neuroscience 69, 1013-1017
47. Dawson GR, Seabrook GR, Zheng H, Smith DW, Graham S et al. (1999) Age-related cognitive deficits, impaired long-term potentiation and reduction in synaptic marker density in mice lacking the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Neuroscience 90, 1-13
48. De Felipe C, Herrero JF, O'Brien JA, Palmer JA, Doyle CA et al. (1998) Altered nociception, analgesia and aggression in mice lacking the receptor for substance P. Nature 392, 394-397
49. DeLorey TM, Handforth A, Anagnostaras SG, Romanics GE, Minassian BA et al. (1998) Mice lacking the beta3 subunit of the GABAA receptor have the epilepsy phenolype and many of the behavioral characteristics of Angelman syndrome. J Neurosci 18, 8505-8514
50. D'Hooge R, Nagels G, Franck F, Bakker CE, Reyniers E et al. (1997) Mildly impaired water maze performance in male Fmr1 knockout mice. Neuroscience 76, 367-376
51. Drago J, Gerfen CR, Lachowicz JE, Steiner H, Hollon TR et al. (1994) Altered striatal function in a mutant mouse lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 12564-12568
52. Dulawa SC, Hen R, Scearce-Levie K, Geyer MA (1997) Serotonin 1B receptor modulation of startle reactivity, habituation, and prepulse inhibition in wild-type and serotonin 1B knockout mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132, 125-134
53. Dunnett SB, Carter RJ, Watts C, Torres EM, Mahal A et al. (1998) Striatal transplantation in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 154, 31-40
54. Dutch-Belgian Fragile X Consortium (1994) Fmr1 knockout mice: a model to study fragile X mental retardation. Cell 78, 23-33
55. Erickson JC, Hollopeter G, Thomas SA, Froelick GJ, Palmiter RD (1997) Disruption of the metallothionein-III gene in mice: analysis of brain zinc, behavior, and neuron vulnerability to metals, aging, and seizures. J Neurosci 17, 1271-1281
56. File SE, Mahal A, Mangiarini L, Bates GP (1998) Striking changes in anxiety in Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Brain Res 805, 234-240
57. Fiore M, Probert L, Kollias G, Akassoglou K, Alleva E et al. (1996) Neurobehavioral alterations in developing transgenic mice expressing TNF-alpha in the brain. Brain Behav Immun 10, 126-138
58. Fiore M, Alleva E, Probert L, Kollias G, Angelucci F et al. (1998) Exploratory and displacement behavior in transgenic mice expressing high levels of brain TNF-alpha. Physiol Behav 63, 571-576
59. Flaherty L (1981) Congenic strains. In: The Mouse in Biomedical Research, H Foster, J Small, J Fox, eds (New York: Academic Press), pp 215-222
60. Forrest D, Hanebuth E, Smeyne RJ, Everds N, Stewart CL et al. (1996) Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function. Embo J 15, 3006-3015
61. Fransen E, D'Hooge R, Van Camp G, Verhoye M, Sijbers J et al. (1998) L1 knockout mice show dilated ventricles, vermis hypoplasia and impaired exploration patterns. Hum Mol Genet 7, 999-1009
62. Fugger HN, Cunningham SG, Rissman EF, Foster TC (1998) Sex differences in the activational effect of ERalpha on spatial learning. Horm Behav 34, 163-170
63. Fukamauchi F, Mataga N, Wang YJ, Sato S, Youshiki A et al. (1996) Abnormal behavior and neurotransmissions of tenascin gene knockout mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221, 151-156
64. Fukamauchi F, Wang YJ, Mataga N, Kusakabe M (1997) Paradoxical behavioral response to apomorphine in tenascin-gene knockout mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 338, 7-10
65. Fumagalli F, Jones S, Bosse R, Jaber M, Giros B et al. (1998) Inactivation of the dopamine transporter reveals essential roles of dopamine in the control of locomotion, psychostimulant response, and pituitary function. Adv Pharmacol 42, 179-182
66. Gahtan E, Auerbach JM, Groner Y, Segal M (1998) Reversible impairment of long-term potentiation in transgenic Cu/Zn-SOD mice. Eur J Neurosci 10, 538-544
67. Gainetdinov RR, Wetsel WC, Jones SR, Levin ED, Jaber M et al. (1999) Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity. Science 283, 397-401
68. Gebre-Medhin S, Mulder H, Zhang Y, Sundler F, Betsholtz C (1998) Reduced nociceptive behavior in islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) knockout mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 63, 180-183
69. Gerlai R (1998) A new continuous alternation task in T-maze detects hippocampal dysfunction in mice. A strain comparison and lesion study. Behav Brain Res 95, 91-101
70. Gerlai R, Roder J (1993) Female specific hyperactivity in S100 beta transgenic mice does not habituate in open-field. Behav Brain Res 59, 119-124
71. Gerlai R, Roder J (1996) Spatial and nonspatial learning in mice: effects of S100 beta overexpression and age. Neurobiol Learn Mem 66, 143-154
72. Gerlai R, Marks A, Roder J (1994) T-maze spontaneous alternation rate is decreased in S100 beta transgenic mice. Behav Neurosci 108, 100-106
73. Gerlai R, Wojtowicz JM, Marks A, Roder J (1995) Overexpression of a calcium-binding protein, S100 beta, in astrocytes alters synaptic plasticity and impairs spatial learning in transgenic mice. Learn Mem 2, 26-39
74. Gerlai R, Millen KJ, Herrup K, Fabien K, Joyner AL, et al. (1996) Impaired motor learning performance in cerebellar En-2 mutant mice. Behav Neurosci 1, 126-133
75. Gerlai R, Henderson JT, Roder JC, Jia Z (1998a) Multiple behavioral anomalies in GluR2 mutant mice exhibiting enhanced LTP. Behav Brain Res 95, 37-45
76. Gerlai R, Roder JC, Hampson DR (1998b) Altered spatial learning and memory in mice lacking the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor. Behav Neurosci 112, 525-532
77. Gershenfeld HK, Neumann PE, Mathis C, Crawley JN, Li X et al (1997) Mapping quantitative trait loci for open-field behavior in mice. Behav Genet 27, 201-210
78. Giese KP, Fedorov NB, Filipkowski RK, Silva AJ (1998) Autophosphorylation at Thr286 of the alpha calcium-calmodulin kinase II in LTP and learning. Science 279, 870-873
79. Giros B, Jaber M, Jones SR, Wightman RM, Caron MG (1996) Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Nature 379, 606-612
80. Gogos JA, Morgan M, Luine V, Santha M, Ogawa S et al. (1998) Catechol-O-methyltransferase-deficient mice exhibit sexually dimorphic changes in catecholamine levels and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 9991-9996
81. Gomeza J, Shannon H, Kostenis E, Felder C, Zhang L et al. (1999) Pronounced pharmacologic deficits in M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 1692-1697
82. Gordon I, Grauer E, Genis I, Sehayek E, Michaelson DM (1995) Memory deficits and cholinergic impairments in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Neurosci Lett 199, 1-4
83. Gordon I, Ben-Eliyahu S, Rosenne E, Sehayek E, Michaelson DM (1996b) Derangement in stress response of apolipoprotein E-defident mice. Neurosci Lett 206, 212-214
84. Gordon JA, Cioffi D, Silva AJ, Stryker MP (1996a) Deficient plasticity in the primary visual cortex of alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mutant mice. Neuron 17, 491-499
85. Grailhe R, Waeber C, Dulawa SC, Hornung JP, Zhuang X et al. (1999) Increased exploratory activity and altered response to LSD in mice lacking the 5-HT(5A) receptor. Neuron 22, 581-591
86. Grant SG, O'Dell TJ, Karl KA, Stein PL, Soriano P, et al. (1992) Impaired long term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258, 1903-1910
87. Grimsby J, Toth M, Chen K, Kumazawa T, Klaidman L et al. (1997) Increased stress response and beta-phenylethylamine in MAOB-deficient mice. Nat Genet 17, 206-210
88. Halonen T, Sivenius J, Miettinen R, Halmekyto M, Kauppinen R et al. (1993) Elevated seizure threshold and impaired spatial learning in transgenic mice with putrescine overproduction in the brain. Eur J Neurosci 5, 1233-1239
89. Haroutunian V, Zhou Y, Elder G, Li C, Lazzarini RA (1996) Age-dependent spatial memory deficits in transgenic mice expressing the human mid-sized neurofilament gene: I. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 42, 62-70
90. Hein L, Barsh GS, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, Kobilka BK (1995) Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice. Nature 377, 744-747
91. Heinrichs SC, Stenzel-Poore MP, Gold LH, Battenberg E, Bloom FE et al. (1996) Learning impairment in transgenic mice with central overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor. Neuroscience 74, 303-311
92. Heisler LK, Chu HM, Brennan TJ, Danao JA, Bajwa P et al. (1998) Elevated anxiety and antidepressant-like responses in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 15049-15054
93. Hess B, Saftig P, Hartmann D, Coenen R, Lullmann-Rauch R et al. (1996) Phenotype of arylsulfatase A-deficient mice: relationship to human metachromatic leukodystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 14821-14826
94. Hiroi N, Brown JR, Haile CN, Ye H, Greenberg ME et al. (1997) FosB mutant mice: loss of chronic cocaine induction of Fos-related proteins and heightened sensitivity to cocaine's psychomotor and rewarding effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 10397-10402
95. Ho CS, Grange RW, Joho RH (1997) Pleiotropic effects of a disrupted K+ channei gene: reduced body weight, impaired motor skill and muscle contraction, but no seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 1533-1538
96. Holcomb L, Gordon MN, McGowan E, Yu X, Benkovic S et al. (1998) Accelerated Alzheimer-type phenotype in transgenic mice carrying both mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin I transgenes. Nat Med 4, 97-100
97. Homanics GE, DeLorey TM, Firestone LL, Quinlan JJ, Handforth A et al. (1997) Mice devoid of gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor beta3 subunit have epilepsy, cleft palate, and hypersensitive behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 4143-4148
98. Homanics GE, Harrison NL, Quinlan JJ, Krasowski MD, Rick CE et al. (1999) Normal electrophysiological and behavioral responses to ethanol in mice lacking the long splice variant of the gamma2 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor. Neuropharmacology 38, 253-265
99. Honrado GI, Johnson RS, Golombek DA. Spiegelman BM, Papaioannou VE et al. (1996) The arcadian system of c-fos deficient mice. J Comp Physiol [A] 178, 563-570
100. Hsiao KK, Borchelt DR, Olson K, Johannsdottir R, Kitt C et al. (1995) Age-related CNS disorder and early death in transgenic FVB/N mice overexpressing Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins. Neuron 15, 1203-1218
101. Hsiao K, Chapman P, Nilsen S, Eckman C, Harigaya Y et al. (1996) Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice. Science 274, 99-102
102. Huang YY, Kandel ER, Varshavsky L, Brandon EP, Qi M et al. (1995) A genetic test of the effects of mutations in PKA on mossy fiber LTP and its relation to spatial and contextual learning. Cell 83, 1211-1222
103. Huang YY, Bach ME, Lipp HP, Zhuo M, Wolfer DP et al. (1996) Mice lacking the gene encoding tissue-type piasminogen activator show a selective interference with late-phase long-term potentiation in both Schaffer collateral and mossy fiber pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 8699-8704
104. Huerta PT, Scearce KA, Farris SM, Empson RM, Prusky GT (1996) Preservation of spatial learning in fyn tyrosine kinase knockout mice. Neuroreport 7, 1685-1689
105. Hunter JC, Fontana DJ, Hedley LR, Jasper JR, Lewis R et al. (1997) Assessment of the role of alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 122, 1339-1344
106. Ichiki T, Labosky PA, Shiota C, Okuyama S, Imagawa Y et al. (1995) Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor. Nature 377, 748-750
107. Ikeda K, Araki K, Takayama C, Inoue Y, Yagi T et al. (1995) Reduced spontaneous activity of mice defective in the epsilon 4 subunit of the NMDA receptor channel. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 33, 61-71
108. Inoue I, Yanai K, Kitamura D, Taniuchi I, Kobayashi T et al. (1996) Impaired locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in mice lacking histamine H1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 13316-13320
109. Inui A, Okita M, Nakajima M, Momose K, Ueno N et al. (1998) Anxiety-like behavior in transgenic mice with brain expression of neuropeptide Y. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 110, 171-182
110. Jalanko A, Tenhunen K, McKinney CE, LaMarca ME, Rapola J et al. (1998) Mice with an aspartylglucosaminuria mutation similar to humans replicate the pathophysiology in patients. Hum Mol Genet 7, 265-272
111. Janus C, Janus M, Roder J (1995) Spatial exploration in transgenic mice expressing human beta-S100. Neurobiol Learn Mem 64, 58-67
112. Jia Z, Agopyan N, Miu P, Xiong Z, Henderson J et al. (1996) Enhanced LTP in mice deficient in the AMPA receptor GluR2. Neuron 17, 945-956
113. Jiang YH, Armstrong D, Albrecht U, Atkins CM, Noebels JL et al. (1998) Mutation of the Angelman ubiquitin ligase in mice causes increased cytoplasmic p53 and deficits of contextual learning and long-term potentiation. Neuron 21, 799-811
114. Jung M-Y, Skryabin BV, Arai M, Abbondanzo S, Fu D et al. (1999) Potentiation of the D2 mutant motor phenotype in mice lacing dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Neuroscience 91, 911-924
115. Kadotani H, Hirano T, Masugi M, Nakamura K, Nakao K et al. (1996) Motor discoordination results from combined gene disruption of the NMDA receptor NR2A and NR2C subunits, but not from single disruption of the NR2A or NR2C subunit. J Neurosci 16, 7859-7867
116. Kash SF, Tecott LH, Hodge C, Baekkleskov S (1999) Increased anxiety and altered responses to anxiolytics in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 1698-1703
117. Kashiwabuchi N, Ikeda K, Araki K, Hirano T, Shibuki K et al. (1995) Impairment of motor coordination, Purkinje cell synapse formation, and cerebellar long-term depression in GluR delta 2 mutant mice. Cell 81, 245-252
118. Kelly MA, Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Lessov CN, Burkhart-Kasch S et al. (1998) Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations. J Neurosci 18, 3470-3479
119. Kim JJ, Shih JC, Chen K, Chen L, Bao S et al. (1997) Selective enhancement of emotional, but not motor, learning in monoamine oxidase A-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 5929-5933
120. Kishimoto Y, Kawahara S, Kirino Y, Kadotani H, Nakamura Y et al. (1997) Conditioned eyeblink response is impaired in mutant mice lacking NMDA receptor subunit NR2A. Neuroreport 8, 3717-3721
121. Kogan JH, Frankland PW, Blendy JA, Coblentz J, Marowitz Z et al. (1997) Spaced training induces normal long-term memory in CREB mutant mice. Curr Biol 7, 1-11
122. Konig M, Zimmer AM, Steiner H, Holmes PV, Crawley JN et al. (1996) Pain responses, anxiety and aggression in mice deficient in preproenkephalin. Nature 383, 535-538
123. Kooy RF, D'Hooge R, Reyniers E, Bakker CE, Nagels G et al. (1996) Transgenic mouse model for the fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet 64, 241-245
124. Kozak W, Zheng H, Conn CA, Soszynski D, van der Ploeg LH et al. (1995) Thermal and behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide and influenza in interleukin-1 beta-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 269, R969-R977
125. Krezel W, Ghyselinck N, Samad TA, Dupe V, Kastner P et al. (1998) Impaired locomotion and dopamine signaling in retinoid receptor mutant mice. Science 279, 863-867
126. Kriegsfeld LJ, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Nelson RJ, Snyder SH (1997) Aggressive behavior in male mice lacking the gene for neuronal nitric oxide synthase requires testosterone. Brain Res 769, 66-70
127. Kriegsfeld LJ, Eliasson MJ, Demas GE, Blackshaw S, Dawson TM et al. (1999) Nocturnal motor coordination deficits in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knock-out mice. Neuroscience 89, 311-315
128. Krzywkowski P, Ghribi O, Gagne J, Chabot C, Kar S et al. (1999) Cholinergic systems and long-term potentiation in memory-impaired apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Neuroscience 92, 1273-1286
129. Kustova Y, Sei Y, Morse HC Jr., Basile AS (1998) The influence of a targeted deletion of the IFNgamma gene on emotional behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 12, 308-324
130. Ledent C, Vaugeois JM, Schiffmann SN, Pedrazzini T, El Yacoubi M et al. (1997) Aggressiveness, hypoalgesia and high blood pressure in mice lacking the adenosine A2a receptor. Nature 388, 674-678
131. Ledent C, Valverde O, Cossu G, Petitet F, Aubert JF et al. (1999) Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knockout mice. Science 283, 401-404
132. Levin ED, Brady TC, Hochrein EC, Oury TD, Jonsson LM et al. (1998) Molecular manipulations of extracellular superoxide dismutase: functional importance for learning. Behav Genet 28, 381-390
133. Li L, Keverne EB, Aparicio SA, Ishino F, Barton SC et al. (1999) Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3. Science 284, 330-333
134. Lijam N, Paylor R, McDonald MP, Crawley JN, Deng CX et al. (1997) Social interaction and sensorimotor gating abnormalities in mice lacking Dv11. Cell 90, 895-905
135. Lipp HP, Stagliar-Bozicevic M, Fischer M, Wolfer DP (1998) A 2-year longitudinal study of swimming navigation in mice devoid of the prion protein: no evidence for neurological anomalies or spatial learning impairments. Behav Brain Res 95, 47-54
136. Liu Y, Hoffmann A, Grinberg A, Westphal H, McDonald MP et al. (1997) Mouse model of GM2 activator deficiency manifests cerebellar pathology and motor impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 8138-8143
137. Lopez-Molina L, Conquet F, Dubois-Dauphin M, Schibler U (1997) The DBP gene is expressed according to a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and influences circadian behavior. Embo J 16, 6762-6771
138. Lu YM, Jia Z, Janus C, Henderson JT, Gerlai R et al. (1997) Mice lacking metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 show impaired learning and reduced CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) but normal CA3 LTP. J Neurosci 17, 5196-5205
139. Maines MD, Polevoda B, Coban T, Johnson K, Stoliar S et al. (1998) Neuronal overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 correlates with an attenuated exploratory behavior and causes an increase in neuronal NADPH diaphorase staining. J Neurochem 70, 2057-2069
140. Mak T (1998) The Gene Knockout Factsbook (San Diego: Academic Press)
141. Maldonado R, Saiardi A, Valverde O, Samad TA, Roques BP et al. (1997) Absence of opiate rewarding effects in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors. Nature 388, 586-589
142. Malleret G, Hen R, Guillou JL, Segu L, Buhot MC (1999) 5-HT1B receptor knockout mice exhibit increased exploratory activity and enhanced spatial memory performance in the Morris water maze. J Neurosci 19, 6157-6168
143. Malmberg AB, Chen C, Tonegawa S, Basbaum AI (1997) Preserved acute pain and reduced neuropathic pain in mice lacking PKCgamma. Science 278, 279-283
144. Mamiya T, Noda Y, Nishi M, Takeshima H, Nabeshima T (1998) Enhancement of spatial attention in nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor-knockout mice. Brain Res 783, 236-240
145. Mamiya T, Noda Y, Nishi M, Takeshima H, Nabeshima T (1999) Nociceptin system plays a role in the memory retention: involvement of naloxone benzoylhydrazone binding sites. Neuroreport 10, 1171-1175
146. Manabe T, Noda Y, Mamiya T, Katagiri H, Houtani T et al. (1998) Facilitation of long-term potentiation and memory in mice lacking nociceptin receptors. Nature 394, 577-581
147. Mansikka H, Shiotani M, Winchurch R, Raja SN (1999) Neurokinin-1 receptors are involved in behavioral responses to high-intensity heat stimuli and capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia in mice. Anesthesiology 90, 1643-1649
148. Mansuy IM, Mayford M, Jacob B, Kandel ER, Bach ME (1998) Restricted and regulated overexpression reveals calcineurin as a key component in the transition from short-term to long-term memory. Cell 92, 39-49
149. Marubio LM, del Mar Arroyo-Jimenez M, Cordero-Erausquin M, Lena C, Le Novere N et al. (1999) Reduced antinociception in mice lacking neuronal nicotinic receptor subunits. Nature 398, 805-810
150. Masliah E, Samuel W, Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Mante M et al. (1997) Neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in apoE-deficient mice is ameliorated by infusion of recombinant apoE. Brain Res 751, 307-314
151. Masliah E, Armasolo F, Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Samuel W (1999) Cerebrolysin ameliorates performance deficits, and neuronal damage in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 62, 239-245
152. Masu M, Iwakabe H, Tagawa Y, Miyoshi T, Yamashita M et al. (1995) Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGluR6 gene. Cell 80, 757-765
153. Masugi M, Yokoi M, Shigemoto R, Muguruma K, Watanabe Y et al. (1999) Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 ablation causes deficit in fear response and conditioned taste aversion. J Neurosci 19, 955-963
154. Matilla A, Roberson ED, Banfi S, Morales J, Armstrong DL et al. (1998) Mice lacking ataxin-I display learning deficits and decreased hippocampal paired-pulse facilitation. J Neurosci 18, 5508-5516
155. Matthes HW, Maldonado R, Simonin F, Valverde O, Slowe S et al. (1996) Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the mu-opioid-receptor gene. Nature 383, 819-823
156. McDonald MP, Wong R, Goldstein G, Weintraub B, Cheng S et al. (1998) Hyperactivity and learning deficits in transgenic mice bearing a human mutant thyroid hormone betal receptor gene. Learn Mem 5, 289-301
157. McHugh TJ, Blum KI, Tsien JZ, Tonegawa S, Wilson MA (1996) Impaired hippocampal representation of space in CA1-specific NMDAR1 knockout mice. Cell 87, 1339-1349
158. Meiri N, Masos T, Rosenblum K, Miskin R, Dudai Y (1994) Overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in transgenic mice is correlated with impaired learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 3196-3200
159. Meliska CJ, Burke PA, Bartke A, Jensen RA (1997) Inhibitory avoidance and appetitive learning in aged normal mice: comparison with transgenic mice having elevated plasma growth hormone levels. Neurobiol Learn Mem 68, 1-12
160. Migaud M, Charlesworth P, Dempster M, Webster LC, Watabe AM et al. (1998) Enhanced long-term potentiation and impaired learning in mice with mutant postsynaptic density-95 protein. Nature 396, 433-439
161. Minami T, Sugatani J, Sakimura K, Abe M, Mishina M et al. (1997) Absence of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia in NMDA receptor epsilon subunit knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol 120, 1522-1526
162. Miner LL, Drago J, Chamberlain PM, Donovan D, Uhl GR (1995) Retained cocaine conditioned place preference in D1 receptor deficient mice. Neuroreport 6, 2314-2316
163. Miyakawa T, Yagi T, Watanabe S, Niki H (1994) Increased fearfulness of Fyn tyrosine kinase deficient mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 27, 179-182
164. Miyakawa T, Yagi T, Tateishi K, Kagiyama A, Niki H (1996) Radial maze performance, open-field and elevated plus maze behaviors in Fyn-kinase deficient mice. Further evidence for increased fearfulness. Molec Brain Res 37, 145-150
165. Moechars D, Lorent K, De Strooper B, Dewachter I, Van Leuven F (1996) Expression in brain of amyloid precursor protein mutated in the alpha-secretase site causes disturbed behavior, neuronal degeneration, and premature death in transgenic mice. Embo J 15, 1265-1274
166. Moechars D, Gilis M, Kuiperi C, Laenen I, Van Leuven F (1998) Aggressive behaviour in transgenic mice expressing APP is alleviated by serotonergic drugs. Neuroreport 9, 3561-3564
167. Moechars D, Dewachter I, Lorent K, Reverse D, Baekelandt V et al. (1999) Early phenotypic changes in transgenic mice that overexpress different mutants of amyloid precursor protein in brain. J Biol Chem 274, 6483-6492
168. Montkowski A, Holsboer F (1997) Intact spatial learning and memory in transgenic mice with reduced BDNF. Neuroreport 8, 779-782
169. Moran PM, Higgins LS, Cordell B, Moser PC (1995) Age-related learning deficits in transgenic mice expressing the 751-amino acid isoform of human beta-amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 5341-5345
170. Morgan D, Holcomb L, Saad I, Gordon M, Mahin M (1998) Impaired spatial navigation learning in transgenic mice over-expressing heme oxygenase-1. Brain Res 808, 110-112
171. Muller U, Cristina N, Li ZW, Wolfer DP, Lipp HP et al. (1994) Behavioral and anatomical deficits in mice homozygous for a modified beta-amyloid precursor protein gene. Cell 79, 755-765
172. Murai H, Pierce JE, Raghupathi R, Smith DH, Saatman KE et al. (1998) Twofold overexpression of human beta-amyloid precursor proteins in transgenic mice does not affect the neuromotor, cognitive, or neurodegenerative sequelae following experimental brain injury. J Comp Neurol 392, 428-438
173. Nabeshima T, Itoh A, Kobayashi K, Morita S, Mizuguchi T et al. (1994) Effects of subacute administration of methamphetamine and nicotine on locomotor activity in transgenic mice expressing the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 97, 41-49
174. Nalbantoglu J, Tirado-Santiago G, Lahsaini A, Poirier J, Goncalves O et al. (1997) Impaired learning and LTP in mice expressing the carboxy terminus of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Nature 387, 500-505
175. Nasir J, Floresco SB, O'Kusky JR, Diewert VM, Richman JM et al. (1995) Targeted disruption of the Huntington's disease gene results in embryonic lethality and behavioral and morphological changes in heterozygotes. Cell 81, 811-823
176. Nelson RJ, Demas GE, Huang PL, Fishman MC, Dawson VL et al. (1995) Behavioural abnormalities in male mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Nature 378, 383-386
177. Nishi M, Houtani T, Noda Y, Mamiya T, Sato K et al. (1997) Unrestrained nociceptive response and disregulation of hearing ability in mice lacking the nociceptin/orphaninFQ receptor. Embo J 16, 1858-1864
178. Nosten-Bertrand M, Errington ML, Murphy KP, Tokugawa Y, Barboni E et al. (1996) Normal spatial learning despite regional inhibition of LTP in mice lacking Thy-1. Nature 379, 826-829
179. Ogawa S, Lubahn DB, Korach KS, Pfaff DW (1996) Aggressive behaviors of transgenic estrogen-receptor knockout male mice. Ann NY Acad Sci 794, 384-385
180. Ogawa S, Lubahn DB, Korach KS, Pfaff DW (1997) Behavioral effects of estrogen receptor gene disruption in male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 1476-1481
181. Ogawa S, Eng V, Taylor J, Lubahn DB, Korach KS et al. (1998a) Roles of estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression in reproduction-related behaviors in female mice. Endocrinology 139, 5070-5081
182. Ogawa S, Washburn TF, Taylor J, Lubahn DB, Korach KS et al. (1998b) Modifications of testosterone-dependent behaviors by estrogen receptor-alpha gene disruption in male mice. Endocrinology 139, 5058-5069
183. Oitzl MS, de Kloet ER, Joels M, Schmid W, Cole TJ (1997a) Spatial learning deficits in mice with a targeted glucocorticoid receptor gene disruption. Eur J Neurosci 9, 2284-2296
184. Oitzl MS, Mulder M, Lucassen PJ, Havekes LM, Grootendorst J et al. (1997b) Severe learning deficits in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice in a water maze task. Brain Res 752, 189-196
185. Okabe S, Collin C, Auerbach JM, Meiri N, Bengzon J et al. (1998) Hippocampal synaptic plasticity in mice overexpressing an embryonic subunit of the NMDA receptor. J Neurosci 18, 4177-4188
186. Okuyama S, Sakagawa T, Sugiyama F, Fukamizu A, Murakami K (1999) Reduction of depressive-like behavior in mice lacking angiotensinogen. Neurosci Lett 261, 167-170
187. Ordway JM, Tallaksen-Greene S, Gutekunst CA, Bernstein EM, Cearley JA et al. (1997) Ectopically expressed CAG repeats cause intranuclear inclusions and a progressive late onset neurological phenotype in the mouse. Cell 91, 753-763
188. Osada T, Ikegami S, Takiguchi-Hayashi K, Yamazaki Y, Katoh-Fukui Y et al. (1999) Increased anxiety and impaired pain response in puromycinsensitive aminopeptidase gene-deficient mice obtained by a mouse gene-trap method. J Neurosci 19, 6068-6078
189. Palmiter RD, Erickson JC, Hollopeter G, Baraban SC, Schwartz MW (1998) Life without neuropeptide Y. Recent Prog Horm Res 53, 163-199
190. Parks CL, Robinson PS, Sibille E, Shenk T, Toth M (1998) Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin 1A receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 10734-10739
191. Peghini P, Janzen J, Stoffel W (1997) Glutamate transporter EAAC-1-deficient mice develop dicarboxylic aminoaciduria and behavioral abnormalities but no neurodegeneration. Embo J 16, 3822-3832
192. Pekhletski R, Gerlai R, Overstreet LS, Huang XP, Agopyan N et al. (1996) Impaired cerebellar synaptic plasticity and motor performance in mice lacking the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor. J Neurosci 16, 6364-6373
193. Petitto JM, McNamara RK, Gendreau PL, Huang Z, Jackson AJ (1999) Impaired learning and memory and altered hippocampal neurodevelopment resulting from interleukin-2 gene deletion. J Neurosci Res 56, 441-446
194. Phinney AL, Calhoun ME, Wolfer DP, Lipp HP, Zheng H et al. (1999) No hippocampal neuron or synaptic bouton loss in learning-impaired aged beta-amyloid precursor protein-null mice. Neuroscience 90, 1207-1216
195. Picciotto MR, Zoli M, Lena C, Bessis A, Lallemand Y et al. (1995) Abnormal avoidance learning in mice lacking functional high-affinity nicotine receptor in the brain. Nature 374, 65-67
196. Picciotto MR, Zoli M, Rimondini R, Lena C, Marubio LM et al. (1998) Acetylcholine receptors containing the beta2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Nature 391, 173-177
197. Plomin R, McClearn GE, Gora-Maslak G, Neiderhiser JM (1991) Use of recombinant inbred strains to detect quantitative trait loci associated with behavior. Behav Genet 21, 99-116
198. Pompl PN, Mullan MJ, Bjugstad K, Arendash GW (1999) Adaptation of the circular platform spatial memory task for mice: use in detecting cognitive impairment in the APP(SW) transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Methods 87, 87-95
199. Ramboz S, Saudou F, Amara DA, Belzung C, Segu L et al. (1996) 5-HT1B receptor knockout - behavioral consequences. Behav Brain Res 73, 305-312
200. Ramboz S, Oosting R, Amara DA, Kung HF, Blier P et al. (1998) Serotonin receptor 1A knockout: an animal model of anxiety-related disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 14476-14481
201. Ripley TL, Rocha BA, Oglesby MW, Stephens DN (1999) Increased sensitivity to cocaine, and over-responding during cocaine self-administration in tPA knockout mice. Brain Res 826, 117-127
202. Rocha BA, Scearce-Levie K, Lucas JJ, Hiroi N, Castanon N et al. (1998) Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor. Nature 393, 175-178
203. Roder JK, Roder JC, Gerlai R (1996) Conspecific exploration in the T-maze: abnormalities in S100 beta transgenic mice. Physiol Behav 60, 31-36
204. Rondi-Reig L, Lemaigre Dubreuil Y, Martinou JC, Delhaye-Bouchaud N, Caston J et al. (1997) Fear decrease in transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2 in neurons. Neuroreport 8, 2429-2432
205. Rubinstein M, Mogil JS, Japon M, Chan EC, Allen RG et al. (1996) Absence of opioid stress-induced analgesia in mice lacking beta-endorphin by site-directed mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 3995-4000
206. Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Bunzow JR, Falzone TL, Dziewczapolski G et al. (1997) Mice lacking dopamine D4 receptors are supersensitive to ethanol, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Cell 90, 991-1001
207. Rupniak MM, Boyce S, Webb JK, Williams AR, Carlson EJ et al. (1997) Effects of the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin and genetic disruption of the B2 receptor on nociception in rats and mice. Pain 71, 89-97
208. Sakimura K, Kutsuwada T, Ito I, Manabe T, Takayama C et al. (1995) Reduced hippocampal LTP and spatial learning in mice lacking NMDA receptor epsilon 1 subunit. Nature 373, 151-155
209. Sallinen J, Link RE, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kulatunga M et al. (1997) Genetic alteration of alpha 2C-adrenoceptor expression in mice: influence on locomotor, hypothermic, and neurochemical effects of dexmedetomidine, a subtype-nonselective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Mol Pharmacol 51, 36-46
210. Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998a) Adrenergic alpha2C-receptors modulate the acoustic startle reflex, prepulse inhibition, and aggression in mice. J Neurosci 18, 3035-3042
211. Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998b) D-amphetamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced behaviours in mice with genetically-altered expression of the alpha2C-adrenergic receptor subtype. Neuroscience 86, 959-965
212. Saria A, Hauser KF, Traurig HH, Turbek CS, Hersh L et al. (1997) Opioid-related changes in nociceptive threshold and in tissue levels of enkephalins after target disruption of the gene for neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) in mice. Neurosci Lett 234, 27-30
213. Saudou F, Amara DA, Dierich A, LeMeur M, Ramboz S et al. (1994) Enhanced aggressive behavior in mice lacking 5-HT1B receptor. Science 265, 1875-1878
214. Shavit JA, Motohashi H, Onodera K, Akasaka J, Yamamoto M et al. (1998) Impaired megakaryopoiesis and behavioral defects in mafG-null mutant mice. Genes Dev 12, 2164-2174
215. Shelbourne PF, Killeen N, Hevner RF, Johnston HM, Tecott L et al. (1999) A Huntington's disease CAG expansion at the murine Hdh locus is unstable and associated with behavioural abnormalities in mice. Hum Mol Genet 8, 763-774
216. Shibuki K, Gomi H, Chen L, Bao S, Kim JJ et al. (1996) Deficient cerebellar long-term depression, impaired eyeblink conditioning, and normal motor coordination in GFAP mutant mice. Neuron 16, 587-599
217. Silva AJ, Paylor R, Wehner JM, Tonegawa S (1992a) Impaired spatial learning in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science 257, 206-211
218. Silva AJ, Wang Y, Paylor R, Wehner JM, Stevens CF et al. (1992b) Alpha calcium/calmodulin kinase II mutant mice: deficient long-term potentiation and impaired spatial learning. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 57, 527-539
219. Silva AJ, Rosahl TW, Chapman PF, Marowitz Z, Friedman E et al. (1996) Impaired learning in mice with abnormal short-lived plasticity. Curr Biol 6, 1509-1518
220. Silva AJ, Frankland PW, Marowitz Z, Friedman E, Lazlo G et al. (1997) A mouse model for the learning and memory deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type I. Nat Genet 15, 281-284
221. Simonin F, Valverde O, Smadja C, Slowe S, Kitchen I et al. (1998) Disruption of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective kappa-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal. Embo J 17, 886-897
222. Smith DR, Striplin CD, Geller AM, Mailman RB, Drago J et al. (1998b) Behavioural assessment of mice lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Neuroscience 86, 135-146
223. Smith GW, Aubry JM, Dellu F, Contarino A, Bilezikjian LM et al. (1998a) Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice display decreased anxiety, impaired stress response, and aberrant neuroendocrine development. Neuron 20, 1093-1102
224. Sora I, Takahashi N, Funada M, Ujike H, Revay RS et al. (1997) Opiate receptor knockout mice define mu receptor roles in endogenous nociceptive responses and morphine-induced analgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 1544-1549
225. Sora I, Wichems C, Takahashi N, Li XF, Zeng Z et al. (1998) Cocaine reward models: conditioned place preference can be established in dopamine- and in serotonin-transporter knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 7699-7704
226. Steiner H, Fuchs S, Accili D (1997) D3 dopamine receptor-deficient mouse: evidence for reduced anxiety. Physiol Behav 63, 137-141
227. Steiner H, Bonner TI, Zimmer AM, Kitai ST, Zimmer A (1999) Altered gene expression in striatal projection neurons in CBI cannabinoid receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 5786-5790
228. Stenzel-Poore MP, Heinrichs SC, Rivest S, Koob GF, Vale WW (1994) Overproduction of corticotropin-releasing factor in transgenic mice: a genetic model of anxiogenic behavior. J Neurosci 14, 2579-2584
229. Sterneck E, Paylor R, Jackson-Lewis V, Libbey M, Przedborski S et al. (1998) Selectively enhanced contextual fear conditioning in mice lacking the transcriptional regulator CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 10908-10913
230. Storm DR, Hansel C, Hacker B, Parent A, Linden DJ (1998) Impaired cerebellar long-term potentiation in type I adenylyl cyclase mutant mice. Neuron 20, 1199-1210
231. Takahashi N, Miner LL, Sora I, Ujike H, Revay RS et al. (1997) VMAT2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 9938-9943
232. Takeshima H, Ikemoto T, Nishi M, Nishiyama N, Shimuta M et al. (1996) Generation and characterization of mutant mice lacking ryanodine receptor type 3. J Biol Chem 271, 19649-19652
233. Tang YP, Shimizu E, Dube GR, Rampon C, Kerchner GA et al. (1999) Genetic enhancement of learning and memory in mice. Nature 401, 63-69
234. Tanila H, Mustonen K, Sallinen J, Scheinin M, Riekkinen P, Jr. (1999) Role of alpha2C-adrenoceptor subtype in spatial working memory as revealed by mice with targeted disruption of the alpha2C-adrenoceptor gene. Eur J Neurosci 11, 599-603
235. Tecott LH, Sun LM, Akana SF, Strack AM, Lowenstein DH et al. (1995) Eating disorder and epilepsy in mice lacking 5-HT2c serotonin receptors. Nature 374, 542-546
236. Tecott LH, Logue SF, Wehner JM, Kauer JA (1998) Perturbed dentate gyrus function in serotonin 5-HT2C receptor mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 15026-15031
237. Thomas SA, Palmiter RD (1997a) Disruption of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene in mice suggests roles for norepinephrine in motor function, learning, and memory. Behav Neurosci 111, 579-589
238. Thomas SA, Palmiter RD (1997b) Impaired maternal behavior in mice lacking norepinephrine and epinephrine. Cell 91, 583-592
239. Thomas SA, Palmiter RD (1998) Examining adrenergic roles in development, physiology, and behavior through targeted disruption of the mouse dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene. Adv Pharmacol 42, 57-60
240. Tian M, Broxmeyer HE, Fan Y, Lai Z, Zhang S et al. (1997) Altered hematopoiesis, behavior, and sexual function in mu opioid receptor-deficient mice. J Exp Med 185, 1517-1522
241. Timpl P, Spanagel R, Sillaber I, Kresse A, Reul JM et al. (1998) Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Nat Genet 19, 162-166
242. Tobler I, Gaus SE, Deboer T, Achermann P, Fischer M et al. (1996) Altered circadian activity rhythms and sleep in mice devoid of prion protein. Nature 380, 639-642
243. Tonegawa S, Tsien JZ, McHugh TJ, Huerta P, Blum KI et al. (1996) Hippocampal CA1-region-restricted knockout of NMDAR1 gene disrupts synaptic plasticity, place fields, and spatial learning. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 61, 225-238
244. Tremml P, Lipp HP, Muller U, Ricceri L, Wolfer DP (1998) Neurobehavioral development, adult openfield exploration and swimming navigation learning in mice with a modified beta-amyloid precursor protein gene. Behav Brain Res 95, 65-76
245. Tsien JZ, Huerta PT, Tonegawa S (1996) The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Cell 87, 1327-1338
246. Ueda H, Yamaguchi T, Tokuyama S, Inoue M, Nishi M et al. (1997) Partial loss of tolerance liability to morphine analgesia in mice lacking the nociceptin receptor gene. Neurosci Lett 237, 136-138
247. van der Horst GT, Muijtjens M, Kobayashi K, Takano R, Kanno S et al. (1999) Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 are essential for maintenance of circadian rhythms. Nature 398, 627-630
248. Van Uden E, Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Orlando R, Mashliah E (1999) A novel role for receptor-associated protein in somatostatin modulation: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 88, 687-700
249. Wada E, Watase K, Yamada K, Ogura H, Yamano M et al. (1997) Generation and characterization of mice lacking gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 239, 28-33
250. Walther T, Balschun D, Voigt JP, Fink H, Zuschratter W et al. (1998) Sustained long term potentiation and anxiety in mice lacking the Mas protooncogene. J Biol Chem 273, 11867-11873
251. Wehner JM, Radcliffe RA, Rosmann ST, Christensen SC, Rasmussen DL et al. (1997) Quantitative trait locus analysis of contextual fear conditioning in mice. Nat Genet 17, 331-334
252. Weninger SC, Dunn AJ, Muglia LJ, Dikkes P, Miczek KA et al. (1999) Stress-induced behaviors require the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor, but not CRH. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 8283-8288
253. Wolfer DP, Muller U, Stagliar M, Lipp HP (1997) Assessing the effects of the 129/Sv genetic background on swimming navigation learning in transgenic mutants: a study using mice with a modified beta-amyloid precursor protein gene. Brain Res 771, 1-13
254. Wolfer DP, Mohajeri HM, Lipp HP, Schachner M (1998) Increased flexibility and selectivity in spatial learning of transgenic mice ectopically expressing the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 in astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 10, 708-717
255. Wood GK, Tomasiewicz H, Rutishauser U, Magnuson T, Quirion R et al. (1998) NCAM-180 knockout mice display increased lateral ventricle size and reduced prepulse inhibition of startle. Neuroreport 9, 461-466
256. Wu ZL, Thomas SA, Villacres EC, Xia Z, Simmons ML et al. (1995) Altered behavior and long-term potentiation in type I adenylyl cyclase mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 220-224
257. Xu M, Moratalla R, Gold LH, Hiroi N, Koob GF et al. (1994) Dopamine D1 receptor mutant mice are deficient in striatal expression of dynorphin and in dopamine-mediated behavioral responses. Cell 79, 729-742
258. Xu M, Koeltzow TE, Santiago GT, Moratalla R, Cooper DC et al. (1997a) Dopamine D3 receptor mutant mice exhibit increased behavioral sensitivity to concurrent stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors. Neuron 19, 837-848
259. Xu XJ, Hao JX, Andell-Jonsson S, Poli V, Bartfai T et al. (1997b) Nociceptive responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice to peripheral inflammation and peripheral nerve section. Cytokine 9, 1028-1033
260. Yamaguchi F, Richards SJ, Beyreuther K, Salbaum M, Carlson GA et al. (1991) Transgenic mice for the amyloid precursor protein 695 isoform have impaired spatial memory. Neuroreport 2, 781-784
261. Yanai K, Son LZ, Endou M, Sakurai E, Nakagawasai O et al. (1998) Behavioural characterization and amounts of brain monoamines and their metabolites in mice lacking histamine H1 receptors. Neuroscience 87, 479-487
262. Yokoi M, Kobayashi K, Manabe T, Takahashi T, Sakaguchi I et al. (1996) Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2. Science 273, 645-647
263. Zheng B, Larkin DW, Albrecht U, Sun ZS, Sage M et al. (1999) The mPer2 gene encodes a functional component of the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 400, 169-173
264. Zheng H, Jiang M, Trumbauer ME, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Hopkins R et al. (1995) beta-Amyloid precursor protein-deficient mice show reactive gliosis and decreased locomotor activity. Cell 81, 525-531
265. Zhong J, Dietzel ID, Wahle P, Kopf M, Heumann R (1999) Sensory impairments and delayed regeneration of sensory axons in interleukin-6-deficient mice. J Neurosci 19, 4305-4313
266. Zhou QY, Palmiter RD (1995) Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive; adipsic, and aphagic. Cell 83, 1197-1209
267. Zhou Y, Elkins PD, Howell LA, Ryan DH, Harris RB (1998) Apolipoprotein-E deficiency results in an altered stress responsiveness in addition to an impaired spatial memory in young mice. Brain Res 788, 151-159
268. Zimmer A, Zimmer AM, Baffi J, Usdin T, Reynolds K et al. (1998) Hypoalgesia in mice with a targeted deletion of the tachykinin I gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 2630-2635
269. Zimmer A, Zimmer AM, Hohmann AG, Herkenham M, Bonner TI (1999) Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 5780-5785