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Volumn 279, Issue 5352, 1998, Pages 863-867

Impaired locomotion and dopamine signaling in retinoid receptor mutant mice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; ENKEPHALIN; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; RNA;

EID: 0032488783     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5352.863     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (306)

References (35)
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    • RARβ, RXRβ, and RXRγ mutant mice (original 129/ SV x C57/B6 genetic background with several subsequent back-crosses with 129/SV animals) were generated as described (4, 70, 24). Double null mutants were obtained by crossing double heterozygotes. The wild-type single and double null mutant mice were littermates. Animals were bred and maintained in standard animal housing conditions. Food and water were freely available in a room with constant temperature and humidity with a 12-hour lightdark cycle. All of the tested animals were males, which at the age of 3 to 4 months were isolated for at least 7 days before each test. Tests were always carried out between 4 and 7 p.m. For the open field test each mouse was placed in the middle of a 30-cm enclosure, the floor of which was partitioned into 12 squares of equal surface area. The locomotion (number of squares crossed) and rearings were counted for 5 min (15). For the rotarod test, mice were placed on the 6-cm-dlameter rod, and after 30 s of habituation period, the rod was set in motion (three turns per minute). Each mouse was given a maximum of five trials, each lasting 180 s. The best performance (that is. the longest time spent on the rod without falling) was used for analysis [P. A. Janssen, A. H. Jageneau, K. H. L. Schellekens, Psychopharmacology 1, 389 (1960); J. Wolffgramm, H. Rommelspacher, E. Buck, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 36, 907 (1990)].
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    • RARβ, RXRβ, and RXRγ mutant mice (original 129/ SV x C57/B6 genetic background with several subsequent back-crosses with 129/SV animals) were generated as described (4, 70, 24). Double null mutants were obtained by crossing double heterozygotes. The wild-type single and double null mutant mice were littermates. Animals were bred and maintained in standard animal housing conditions. Food and water were freely available in a room with constant temperature and humidity with a 12-hour lightdark cycle. All of the tested animals were males, which at the age of 3 to 4 months were isolated for at least 7 days before each test. Tests were always carried out between 4 and 7 p.m. For the open field test each mouse was placed in the middle of a 30-cm enclosure, the floor of which was partitioned into 12 squares of equal surface area. The locomotion (number of squares crossed) and rearings were counted for 5 min (15). For the rotarod test, mice were placed on the 6-cm-dlameter rod, and after 30 s of habituation period, the rod was set in motion (three turns per minute). Each mouse was given a maximum of five trials, each lasting 180 s. The best performance (that is. the longest time spent on the rod without falling) was used for analysis [P. A. Janssen, A. H. Jageneau, K. H. L. Schellekens, Psychopharmacology 1, 389 (1960); J. Wolffgramm, H. Rommelspacher, E. Buck, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 36, 907 (1990)].
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    • -35S-labeled cytidine triphosphate (Amersham). The D1R and D2R probes were synthesized from 384-base pair-long (linearized by Bsu 36I) and 1680-base pair-long (linearized by Eco RI) mouse cDNA templates, respectively. Hybridization conditions and preparation of probes for retinoid receptors were as described [P. Dollé, E. Ruberte, P. Leroy, G. M. Morris-Kay, P. Chambon, Development 110, 1133 (1990)]. All slides were exposed to Kodak NTB-2 autoradiography emulsion for 2 weeks.
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    • note
    • For cocaine-induced behavior analysis, animals of each genotype were divided into two groups treated with an intraperitoneal injection of either cocaine (20 mg per kilogram of body weight) or an equivalent volume of saline. The open field test was carried out for 5 min, 25 min after the injection. Locomotion and stereotyped behaviors were scored as described in (8). Each animal was tested only once.
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    • note
    • We thank M. Le Meur for her collaboration; P. Oberling for help in statistical calculations; B. Féret, B. Bondeau, and the staff of the animal facilities for technical assistance; and J. M. LaFontaine and C. Werlé for help in preparation of the manuscript. Supported by funds from CNRS, INSERM, the Collège de France, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional, the Association pour la Recherche sur la Cancer (ARC), the Human Frontier Science Program, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. W.K. was a recipient of a fellowship from the Ministère de la Recherche and ARC and T.A-S. was a recipient of a Bourse de Docteur Ingénieur from CNRS.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.