Toll-like receptors mediating vascular malfunction: Lessons from receptor subtypes

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 158, Issue , 2016, Pages 91-100

  Wang, Yu ^a   Song, Erfei ^a   Bai, Bo ^a   Vanhoutte, Paul M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Endothelial dysfunction; Hypertension; Toll like receptors; Vascular inflammation

Indexed keywords

TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CELL FUNCTION; CELL SPECIFICITY; DISEASE COURSE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; TISSUE SPECIFICITY; ANIMAL; BLOOD VESSEL; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD VESSELS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 84957569687     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: 1879016X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.005     Document Type: Review

References (215)

1. D.M. Agnese, J.E. Calvano, S.J. Hahm, S.M. Coyle, S.A. Corbett, S.E. Calvano, and et al. Human toll-like receptor 4 mutations but not CD14 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of Gram-negative infections J Infect Dis 186 2002 1522 1525
2. L. Alexopoulou, A.C. Holt, R. Medzhitov, and R.A. Flavell Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3 Nature 413 2001 732 738
3. N. Ameziane, T. Beillat, P. Verpillat, S. Chollet-Martin, M.C. Aumont, P. Seknadji, and et al. Association of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism with acute coronary events Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 2003 e61 e64
4. H.J. Anders, M. Baumann, G. Tripepi, and F. Mallamaci Immunity in arterial hypertension: associations or causalities? Nephrol Dial Transplant 30 12 2015 1959 1964
5. K.V. Anderson, L. Bokla, and C. Nusslein-Volhard Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: the induction of polarity by the Toll gene product Cell 42 1985 791 798
6. K. Andrews, H. Abdelsamed, A.K. Yi, M.A. Miller, and E.A. Fitzpatrick TLR2 regulates neutrophil recruitment and cytokine production with minor contributions from TLR9 during hypersensitivity pneumonitis PLoS One 8 2013 e73143
7. L. Ao, N. Zou, J.C. Cleveland Jr., D.A. Fullerton, and X. Meng Myocardial TLR4 is a determinant of neutrophil infiltration after global myocardial ischemia: mediating KC and MCP-1 expression induced by extracellular HSC70 Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297 2009 H21 H28
8. N.C. Arbour, E. Lorenz, B.C. Schutte, J. Zabner, J.N. Kline, M. Jones, and et al. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans Nat Genet 25 2000 187 191
9. F. Arslan, J.H. Houtgraaf, B. Keogh, K. Kazemi, R. de Jong, W.J. McCormack, and et al. Treatment with OPN-305, a humanized anti-Toll-Like receptor-2 antibody, reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in pigs Circ Cardiovasc Interv 5 2012 279 287
10. F. Arslan, M.B. Smeets, L.A. O'Neill, B. Keogh, P. McGuirk, L. Timmers, and et al. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by leukocytic toll-like receptor-2 and reduced by systemic administration of a novel anti-toll-like receptor-2 antibody Circulation 121 2010 80 90
11. A. Assinger, J.B. Kral, K.C. Yaiw, W.C. Schrottmaier, E. Kurzejamska, Y. Wang, and et al. Human cytomegalovirus-platelet interaction triggers toll-like receptor 2-dependent proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34 2014 801 809
12. J.S. Ayres, and D.S. Schneider Tolerance of infections Annu Rev Immunol 30 2012 271 294
13. D. Ba, N. Takeichi, T. Kodama, and H. Kobayashi Restoration of T cell depression and suppression of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by thymus grafts or thymus extracts J Immunol 128 1982 1211 1216
14. M. Baiersdorfer, M. Schwarz, K. Seehafer, C. Lehmann, A. Heit, H. Wagner, and et al. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates expression of clusterin/apolipoprotein J in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated with RNA released from necrotic cells Exp Cell Res 316 2010 3489 3500
15. D.F. Bainton Distinct granule populations in human neutrophils and lysosomal organelles identified by immuno-electron microscopy J Immunol Methods 232 1999 153 168
16. C.R. Balistreri, G. Colonna-Romano, D. Lio, G. Candore, and C. Caruso TLR4 polymorphisms and ageing: implications for the pathophysiology of age-related diseases J Clin Immunol 29 2009 406 415
17. S. Bellocchio, S. Moretti, K. Perruccio, F. Fallarino, S. Bozza, C. Montagnoli, and et al. TLRs govern neutrophil activity in aspergillosis J Immunol 173 2004 7406 7415
18. N.J. Bernard, and L.A. O'Neill Mal, more than a bridge to MyD88 IUBMB Life 65 2013 777 786
19. H. Bjorkbacka Multiple roles of Toll-like receptor signaling in atherosclerosis Curr Opin Lipidol 17 2006 527 533
20. H. Bjorkbacka, V.V. Kunjathoor, K.J. Moore, S. Koehn, C.M. Ordija, M.A. Lee, and et al. Reduced atherosclerosis in MyD88-null mice links elevated serum cholesterol levels to activation of innate immunity signaling pathways Nat Med 10 2004 416 421
21. S.M. Boekholdt, W.R. Agema, R.J. Peters, A.H. Zwinderman, E.E. van der Wall, P.H. Reitsma, and et al. Variants of toll-like receptor 4 modify the efficacy of statin therapy and the risk of cardiovascular events Circulation 107 2003 2416 2421
22. G.F. Bomfim, R.A. Dos Santos, M.A. Oliveira, F.R. Giachini, E.H. Akamine, R.C. Tostes, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to blood pressure regulation and vascular contraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats Clin Sci 122 2012 535 543
23. G.F. Bomfim, C. Echem, C.B. Martins, T.J. Costa, S.M. Sartoretto, R.A. Dos Santos, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition reduces vascular inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats Life Sci 122 2015 1 7
24. S.V. Bozrova, V.A. Levitskii, S.A. Nedospasov, and M.S. Drutskaia Imiquimod: the biochemical mechanisms of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity Bioorg Khim 59 2013 249 266
25. G. Brevetti, G. Giugliano, L. Brevetti, and W.R. Hiatt Inflammation in peripheral artery disease Circulation 122 2010 1862 1875
26. L. Broderick, D. De Nardo, B.S. Franklin, H.M. Hoffman, and E. Latz The inflammasomes and autoinflammatory syndromes Annu Rev Pathol 10 2015 395 424
27. C.E. Bryant, M. Symmons, and N.J. Gay Toll-like receptor signalling through macromolecular protein complexes Mol Immunol 63 2015 162 165
28. G. Candore, A. Aquino, C.R. Balistreri, M. Bulati, D. Di Carlo, M.P. Grimaldi, and et al. Inflammation, longevity, and cardiovascular diseases: role of polymorphisms of TLR4 Ann N Y Acad Sci 1067 2006 282 287
29. N. Cartwright, S.K. McMaster, R. Sorrentino, M. Paul-Clark, S. Sriskandan, B. Ryffel, and et al. Elucidation of toll-like receptor and adapter protein signaling in vascular dysfunction induced by Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus or Gram-negative Escherichia coli Shock 27 2007 40 47
30. W. Chao, Y. Shen, X. Zhu, H. Zhao, M. Novikov, U. Schmidt, and et al. Lipopolysaccharide improves cardiomyocyte survival and function after serum deprivation J Biol Chem 280 2005 21997 22005
31. P. Chatterjee, V.L. Chiasson, S.E. Kopriva, K.J. Young, V. Chatterjee, K.A. Jones, and et al. Interleukin 10 deficiency exacerbates toll-like receptor 3-induced preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice Hypertension 58 2011 489 496
32. Z. Cheng, B. Taylor, D.R. Ourthiague, and A. Hoffmann Distinct single-cell signaling characteristics are conferred by the MyD88 and TRIF pathways during TLR4 activation Sci Signal 8 2015 ra69
33. S.H. Choi, R. Harkewicz, J.H. Lee, A. Boullier, F. Almazan, A.C. Li, and et al. Lipoprotein accumulation in macrophages via toll-like receptor-4-dependent fluid phase uptake Circ Res 104 2009 1355 1363
34. K.B. Choi, F. Wong, J.M. Harlan, P.M. Chaudhary, L. Hood, and A. Karsan Lipopolysaccharide mediates endothelial apoptosis by a FADD-dependent pathway J Biol Chem 273 1998 20185 20188
35. T.M. Coffman Under pressure: the search for the essential mechanisms of hypertension Nat Med 17 2011 1402 1409
36. M. Cohen-Sfady, G. Nussbaum, M. Pevsner-Fischer, F. Mor, P. Carmi, A. Zanin-Zhorov, and et al. Heat shock protein 60 activates B cells via the TLR4-MyD88 pathway J Immunol 175 2005 3594 3602
37. J.E. Cole, E. Georgiou, and C. Monaco The expression and functions of toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis Mediators Inflamm 2010 2010 393946
38. J.E. Cole, C. Kassiteridi, and C. Monaco Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis: a 'Pandora's box' of advances and controversies Trends Pharmacol Sci 34 2013 629 636
39. J.E. Cole, T.J. Navin, A.J. Cross, M.E. Goddard, L. Alexopoulou, A.T. Mitra, and et al. Unexpected protective role for Toll-like receptor 3 in the arterial wall Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 2011 2372 2377
40. S.C. Corr, and L.A. O'Neill Genetic variation in Toll-like receptor signalling and the risk of inflammatory and immune diseases J Innate Immun 1 2009 350 357
41. L.K. Curtiss, A.S. Black, D.J. Bonnet, and P.S. Tobias Atherosclerosis induced by endogenous and exogenous toll-like receptor (TLR)1 or TLR6 agonists J Lipid Res 53 2012 2126 2132
42. L.K. Curtiss, and P.S. Tobias The toll of Toll-like receptors, especially toll-like receptor 2, on murine atherosclerosis Curr Drug Targets 8 2007 1230 1238
43. L.K. Curtiss, and P.S. Tobias Emerging role of Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis J Lipid Res 50 Suppl 2009 S340 S345
44. R.B. Dange, D. Agarwal, G.S. Masson, J. Vila, B. Wilson, A. Nair, and et al. Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension Cardiovasc Res 103 2014 17 27
45. D. De Nardo Toll-like receptors: activation, signalling and transcriptional modulation Cytokine 74 2015 181 189
46. W.K. den Dekker, D. Tempel, I. Bot, E.A. Biessen, L.A. Joosten, M.G. Netea, and et al. Mast cells induce vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via a toll-like receptor 4 activation pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32 2012 1960 1969
47. M.S. Desai, M.M. Mariscalco, A. Tawil, J.G. Vallejo, and C.W. Smith Atherogenic diet-induced hepatitis is partially dependent on murine TLR4 J Leukoc Biol 83 2008 1336 1344
48. Y. Ding, S. Subramanian, V.N. Montes, L. Goodspeed, S. Wang, C. Han, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency decreases atherosclerosis but does not protect against inflammation in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32 2012 1596 1604
49. D. Dragun, D.N. Muller, J.H. Brasen, L. Fritsche, M. Nieminen-Kelha, R. Dechend, and et al. Angiotensin II type 1-receptor activating antibodies in renal-allograft rejection N Engl J Med 352 2005 558 569
50. S. Dunzendorfer, H.K. Lee, K. Soldau, and P.S. Tobias Toll-like receptor 4 functions intracellularly in human coronary artery endothelial cells: roles of LBP and sCD14 in mediating LPS responses FASEB J 18 2004 1117 1119
51. A. Dzumhur, L. Zibar, J. Wagner, T. Simundic, Z. Dembic, and J. Barbic Association studies of gene polymorphisms in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in Croatian patients with acute myocardial infarction Scand J Immunol 75 2012 517 523
52. C. Echem, G.F. Bomfim, G.S. Ceravolo, M.A. Oliveira, R.A. Santos-Eichler, L.R. Bechara, and et al. Anti-toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) therapy diminishes cardiac remodeling regardless of changes in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) Int J Cardiol 187 2015 243 245
53. K. Edfeldt, A.M. Bennet, P. Eriksson, J. Frostegard, B. Wiman, A. Hamsten, and et al. Association of hypo-responsive toll-like receptor 4 variants with risk of myocardial infarction Eur Heart J 25 2004 1447 1453
54. K. Edfeldt, J. Swedenborg, G.K. Hansson, and Z.Q. Yan Expression of toll-like receptors in human atherosclerotic lesions: a possible pathway for plaque activation Circulation 105 2002 1158 1161
55. R.W. Ellis Infection and coronary heart disease J Med Microbiol 46 1997 535 539
56. S.E. Epstein, E. Speir, Y.F. Zhou, E. Guetta, M. Leon, and T. Finkel The role of infection in restenosis and atherosclerosis: focus on cytomegalovirus Lancet 348 Suppl. 1 1996 s13 s17
57. C. Erridge, E. Bennett-Guerrero, and I.R. Poxton Structure and function of lipopolysaccharides Microbes Infect 4 2002 837 851
58. J. Favre, P. Musette, V. Douin-Echinard, K. Laude, J.P. Henry, J.F. Arnal, and et al. Toll-like receptors 2-deficient mice are protected against postischemic coronary endothelial dysfunction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27 2007 1064 1071
59. K.R. Feingold, J.K. Shigenaga, M.R. Kazemi, C.M. McDonald, S.M. Patzek, A.S. Cross, and et al. Mechanisms of triglyceride accumulation in activated macrophages J Leukoc Biol 92 2012 829 839
60. N. Feldman, A. Rotter-Maskowitz, and E. Okun DAMPs as mediators of sterile inflammation in aging-related pathologies Ageing Res Rev 24 Pt A 2015 29 39
61. M. Feletou, and P.M. Vanhoutte Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor: where are we now? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26 2006 1215 1225
62. C. Feterowski, K. Emmanuilidis, T. Miethke, K. Gerauer, M. Rump, K. Ulm, and et al. Effects of functional Toll-like receptor-4 mutations on the immune response to human and experimental sepsis Immunology 109 2003 426 431
63. K.A. Fitzgerald, E.M. Palsson-McDermott, A.G. Bowie, C.A. Jefferies, A.S. Mansell, G. Brady, and et al. Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction Nature 413 2001 78 83
64. G. Fredman, and M. Spite Recent advances in the role of immunity in atherosclerosis Circ Res 113 2013 e111 e114
65. J. Frostegard Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease BMC Med 11 2013 117
66. R. Gareus, E. Kotsaki, S. Xanthoulea, I. van der Made, M.J. Gijbels, R. Kardakaris, and et al. Endothelial cell-specific NF-kappaB inhibition protects mice from atherosclerosis Cell Metab 8 2008 372 383
67. N.J. Gay, M.F. Symmons, M. Gangloff, and C.E. Bryant Assembly and localization of Toll-like receptor signalling complexes Nat Rev Immunol 14 2014 546 558
68. F.C. Gibson III, and C.A. Genco Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated periodontal disease and atherosclerosis: disparate diseases with commonalities in pathogenesis through TLRs Curr Pharm Des 13 2007 3665 3675
69. M. Goldklang, P. Golovatch, T. Zelonina, J. Trischler, D. Rabinowitz, V. Lemaitre, and et al. Activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway and abnormal cholesterol efflux lead to emphysema in ApoE-deficient mice Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 302 2012 L1200 L1208
70. J.R. Gomolak, and S.P. Didion A role for innate immunity in the development of hypertension Med Hypotheses 83 2014 640 643
71. S. Goulopoulou, T. Matsumoto, G.F. Bomfim, and R.C. Webb Toll-like receptor 9 activation: a novel mechanism linking placenta-derived mitochondrial DNA and vascular dysfunction in pre-eclampsia Clin Sci 123 2012 429 435
72. H. Gu, C. Tang, K. Peng, H. Sun, and Y. Yang Effects of chronic mild stress on the development of atherosclerosis and expression of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in adolescent apolipoprotein E knockout mice J Biomed Biotechnol 2009 2009 613879
73. P. Gurung, R.K. Malireddi, P.K. Anand, D. Demon, L. Vande Walle, Z. Liu, and et al. Toll or interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF)-mediated caspase-11 protease production integrates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein- and Nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated host defense against enteropathogens J Biol Chem 287 2012 34474 34483
74. M. Guven, Z. Ismailoglu, B. Batar, S. Unal, I. Onaran, B. Karadag, and et al. The effect of genetic polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 in Turkish patients with coronary artery disease Gene 558 1 2015 99 102
75. T.J. Guzik, N.E. Hoch, K.A. Brown, L.A. McCann, A. Rahman, S. Dikalov, and et al. Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction J Exp Med 204 2007 2449 2460
76. L. Hamann, A. Gomma, N.W. Schroder, C. Stamme, C. Glaeser, S. Schulz, and et al. A frequent toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 polymorphism is a risk factor for coronary restenosis J Mol Med 83 2005 478 485
77. J.W. Han, K. Shimada, W. Ma-Krupa, T.L. Johnson, R.M. Nerem, J.J. Goronzy, and et al. Vessel wall-embedded dendritic cells induce T-cell autoreactivity and initiate vascular inflammation Circ Res 102 2008 546 553
78. G.K. Hansson, and A.M. Lundberg Toll in the vessel wall - for better or worse? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 2011 2637 2638
79. O.A. Harari, P. Alcaide, D. Ahl, F.W. Luscinskas, and J.K. Liao Absence of TRAM restricts Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells to the MyD88 pathway Circ Res 98 2006 1134 1140
80. E. Harokopakis, M.H. Albzreh, M.H. Martin, and G. Hajishengallis TLR2 transmodulates monocyte adhesion and transmigration via Rac1- and PI3K-mediated inside-out signaling in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae J Immunol 176 2006 7645 7656
81. L.S. Harrington, E. Belcher, L. Moreno, M.J. Carrier, and J.A. Mitchell Homeostatic role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the endothelium and heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 12 2007 322 326
82. U. Hasan, C. Chaffois, C. Gaillard, V. Saulnier, E. Merck, S. Tancredi, and et al. Human TLR10 is a functional receptor, expressed by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activates gene transcription through MyD88 J Immunol 174 2005 2942 2950
83. A. Hasebe, N.D. Pennock, H.H. Mu, F.V. Chan, M.L. Taylor, and B.C. Cole A microbial TLR2 agonist imparts macrophage-activating ability to apolipoprotein A-1 J Immunol 177 2006 4826 4832
84. M. Hasu, M. Thabet, N. Tam, and S.C. Whitman Specific loss of toll-like receptor 2 on bone marrow derived cells decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor null mice Can J Physiol Pharmacol 89 2011 737 742
85. E.A. Hayashi, S. Akira, and A. Nobrega Role of TLR in B cell development: signaling through TLR4 promotes B cell maturation and is inhibited by TLR2 J Immunol 174 2005 6639 6647
86. C. Hayashi, A.G. Madrigal, X. Liu, T. Ukai, S. Goswami, C.V. Gudino, and et al. Pathogen-mediated inflammatory atherosclerosis is mediated in part via Toll-like receptor 2-induced inflammatory responses J Innate Immun 2 2010 334 343
87. F. Hayashi, T.K. Means, and A.D. Luster Toll-like receptors stimulate human neutrophil function Blood 102 2003 2660 2669
88. F. Hayashi, K.D. Smith, A. Ozinsky, T.R. Hawn, E.C. Yi, D.R. Goodlett, and et al. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5 Nature 410 2001 1099 1103
89. P. He, C. Mei, B. Cheng, W. Liu, Y. Wang, and J. Wan Chlamydia pneumoniae induces macrophage-derived foam cell formation by up-regulating acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 Microbes Infect 11 2009 157 163
90. H. Hemmi, T. Kaisho, O. Takeuchi, S. Sato, H. Sanjo, K. Hoshino, and et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway Nat Immunol 3 2002 196 200
91. H. Hemmi, O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, T. Kaisho, S. Sato, H. Sanjo, and et al. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA Nature 408 2000 740 745
92. E.J. Hennessy, A.E. Parker, and L.A. O'Neill Targeting Toll-like receptors: emerging therapeutics? Nat Rev Drug Discov 9 2010 293 307
93. R. Hernanz, S. Martinez-Revelles, R. Palacios, A. Martin, V. Cachofeiro, A. Aguado, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension Br J Pharmacol 172 2015 3159 3176
94. M. Higashimori, J.B. Tatro, K.J. Moore, M.E. Mendelsohn, J.B. Galper, and D. Beasley Role of toll-like receptor 4 in intimal foam cell accumulation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31 2011 50 57
95. Y. Hirata, H. Kurobe, M. Higashida, D. Fukuda, M. Shimabukuro, K. Tanaka, and et al. HMGB1 plays a critical role in vascular inflammation and lesion formation via toll-like receptor 9 Atherosclerosis 231 2013 227 233
96. C.P. Hodgkinson, R.C. Laxton, K. Patel, and S. Ye Advanced glycation end-product of low density lipoprotein activates the toll-like 4 receptor pathway implications for diabetic atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 2008 2275 2281
97. S.C. Hollestelle, M.R. De Vries, J.K. Van Keulen, A.H. Schoneveld, A. Vink, C.F. Strijder, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in outward arterial remodeling Circulation 109 2004 393 398
98. J.W. Holloway, I.A. Yang, and S. Ye Variation in the toll-like receptor 4 gene and susceptibility to myocardial infarction Pharmacogenet Genomics 15 2005 15 21
99. T. Horng, G.M. Barton, R.A. Flavell, and R. Medzhitov The adaptor molecule TIRAP provides signalling specificity for Toll-like receptors Nature 420 2002 329 333
100. K.W. Howell, X. Meng, D.A. Fullerton, C. Jin, T.B. Reece, and J.C. Cleveland Jr. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates oxidized LDL-induced macrophage differentiation to foam cells J Surg Res 171 2011 e27 e31
101. F. Hua, J. Ma, T. Ha, J.L. Kelley, R.L. Kao, J.B. Schweitzer, and et al. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in acute focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice Brain Res 1262 2009 100 108
102. A.O. Huen, and A.H. Rook Toll receptor agonist therapy of skin cancer and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Curr Opin Oncol 26 2014 237 244
103. W.M. Hussein, T.Y. Liu, M. Skwarczynski, and I. Toth Toll-like receptor agonists: a patent review (2011-2013) Expert Opin Ther Pat 24 2014 453 470
104. K. Hyakkoku, J. Hamanaka, K. Tsuruma, M. Shimazawa, H. Tanaka, S. Uematsu, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not TLR3 or TLR9, knock-out mice have neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia Neuroscience 171 2010 258 267
105. M. Ishibashi, S. Sayers, J.M. D'Armiento, A.R. Tall, and C.L. Welch TLR3 deficiency protects against collagen degradation and medial destruction in murine atherosclerotic plaques Atherosclerosis 229 2013 52 61
106. H.J. Jang, H.S. Kim, D.H. Hwang, M.J. Quon, and J.A. Kim Toll-like receptor 2 mediates high-fat diet-induced impairment of vasodilator actions of insulin Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304 2013 E1077 E1088
107. Y. Ji, J. Liu, Z. Wang, and N. Liu Angiotensin II induces inflammatory response partly via toll-like receptor 4-dependent signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells Cell Physiol Biochem 23 2009 265 276
108. M.S. Jin, S.E. Kim, J.Y. Heo, M.E. Lee, H.M. Kim, S.G. Paik, and et al. Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide Cell 130 2007 1071 1082
109. M.S. Jin, and J.O. Lee Structures of TLR-ligand complexes Curr Opin Immunol 20 2008 414 419
110. B. Jin, T. Sun, X.H. Yu, Y.X. Yang, and A.E. Yeo The effects of TLR activation on T-cell development and differentiation Clin Dev Immunol 2012 2012 836485
111. E.C. Junquera, L. Mateos-Hernandez, J. de la Fuente, and J.M. de la Lastra Recent advances in the development of anti-infective prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents based on Toll-like receptor (TLRs) Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 9 2014 14 24
112. M.V. Kalayoglu, Morrison R.P. Indrawati, S.G. Morrison, Y. Yuan, and G.I. Byrne Chlamydial virulence determinants in atherogenesis: the role of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and heat shock protein 60 in macrophage-lipoprotein interactions J Infect Dis 181 Suppl. 3 2000 S483 S489
113. T. Kampfrath, A. Maiseyeu, Z. Ying, Z. Shah, J.A. Deiuliis, X. Xu, and et al. Chronic fine particulate matter exposure induces systemic vascular dysfunction via NADPH oxidase and TLR4 pathways Circ Res 108 2011 716 726
114. J.Y. Kang, and J.O. Lee Structural biology of the Toll-like receptor family Annu Rev Biochem 80 2011 917 941
115. J.Y. Kang, X. Nan, M.S. Jin, S.J. Youn, Y.H. Ryu, S. Mah, and et al. Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer Immunity 31 2009 873 884
116. T. Kawai, and S. Akira The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors Nat Immunol 11 2010 373 384
117. A. Kawakami, M. Osaka, M. Aikawa, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, P. Libby, and et al. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates apolipoprotein CIII-induced monocyte activation Circ Res 103 2008 1402 1409
118. S. Kiechl, E. Lorenz, M. Reindl, C.J. Wiedermann, F. Oberhollenzer, E. Bonora, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis N Engl J Med 347 2002 185 192
119. F. Kim, M. Pham, I. Luttrell, D.D. Bannerman, J. Tupper, J. Thaler, and et al. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity Circ Res 100 2007 1589 1596
120. M.J. Kolek, J.F. Carlquist, J.B. Muhlestein, B.M. Whiting, B.D. Horne, T.L. Bair, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism is associated with reductions in vascular inflammation, angiographic coronary artery disease, and clinical diabetes Am Heart J 148 2004 1034 1040
121. W.M. Krupa, M. Dewan, M.S. Jeon, P.J. Kurtin, B.R. Younge, J.J. Goronzy, and et al. Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in the granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis Am J Pathol 161 2002 1815 1823
122. M.T. Kuipers, G. Jongsma, M.A. Hegeman, A.M. Tuip-de Boer, E.K. Wolthuis, G. Choi, and et al. TLR2 deficiency aggravates lung injury caused by mechanical ventilation Shock 42 2014 60 64
123. R. Labrum, S. Bevan, M. Sitzer, M. Lorenz, and H.S. Markus Toll receptor polymorphisms and carotid artery intima-media thickness Stroke 38 2007 1179 1184
124. E. Latz, A. Verma, A. Visintin, M. Gong, C.M. Sirois, D.C. Klein, and et al. Ligand-induced conformational changes allosterically activate Toll-like receptor 9 Nat Immunol 8 2007 772 779
125. E. Latz, T.S. Xiao, and A. Stutz Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes Nat Rev Immunol 13 2013 397 411
126. D. LaVerda, M.V. Kalayoglu, and G.I. Byrne Chlamydial heat shock proteins and disease pathology: new paradigms for old problems? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 7 1999 64 71
127. C.C. Lee, A.M. Avalos, and H.L. Ploegh Accessory molecules for Toll-like receptors and their function Nat Rev Immunol 12 2012 168 179
128. S.J. Lee, E.K. Choi, K.W. Seo, J.U. Bae, S.Y. Park, and C.D. Kim TLR4-mediated expression of Mac-1 in monocytes plays a pivotal role in monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium PLoS One 9 2014 e104588
129. B. Lemaitre, E. Nicolas, L. Michaut, J.M. Reichhart, and J.A. Hoffmann The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults Cell 86 1996 973 983
130. W. Li, A.E. Sama, and H. Wang Role of HMGB1 in cardiovascular diseases Curr Opin Pharmacol 6 2006 130 135
131. H. Li, and B. Sun Toll-like receptor 4 in atherosclerosis J Cell Mol Med 11 2007 88 95
132. C.F. Liang, J.T. Liu, Y. Wang, A. Xu, and P.M. Vanhoutte Toll-like receptor 4 mutation protects obese mice against endothelial dysfunction by decreasing NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33 2013 777 784
133. P. Libby, and G.K. Hansson Inflammation and immunity in diseases of the arterial tree: players and layers Circ Res 116 2015 307 311
134. X. Liu, T. Ukai, H. Yumoto, M. Davey, S. Goswami, F.C. Gibson III, and et al. Toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis that is independent of dietary lipids Atherosclerosis 196 2008 146 154
135. Z. Lu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Jin, and Y. Huang TLR4 antagonist reduces early-stage atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice J Endocrinol 216 2013 61 71
136. J.M. Lund, L. Alexopoulou, A. Sato, M. Karow, N.C. Adams, N.W. Gale, and et al. Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 2004 5598 5603
137. A.M. Lundberg, D.F. Ketelhuth, M.E. Johansson, N. Gerdes, S. Liu, M. Yamamoto, and et al. Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 signalling through the TRIF and TRAM adaptors in haematopoietic cells promotes atherosclerosis Cardiovasc Res 99 2013 364 373
138. F.W. Luscinskas, and M.A. Gimbrone Jr. Endothelial-dependent mechanisms in chronic inflammatory leukocyte recruitment Annu Rev Med 47 1996 413 421
139. M. Madan, and S. Amar Toll-like receptor-2 mediates diet and/or pathogen associated atherosclerosis: proteomic findings PLoS One 3 2008 e3204
140. W. Ma-Krupa, M.S. Jeon, S. Spoerl, T.F. Tedder, J.J. Goronzy, and C.M. Weyand Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis J Exp Med 199 2004 173 183
141. E. Maloney, I.R. Sweet, D.M. Hockenbery, M. Pham, N.O. Rizzo, S. Tateya, and et al. Activation of NF-kappaB by palmitate in endothelial cells: a key role for NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in response to TLR4 activation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29 2009 1370 1375
142. S. Martin-Rodriguez, C. Caballo, G. Gutierrez, M. Vera, J.M. Cruzado, A. Cases, and et al. TLR4 and NALP3 inflammasome in the development of endothelial dysfunction in uraemia Eur J Clin Invest 45 2015 160 169
143. P.J. Marvar, S.R. Thabet, T.J. Guzik, H.E. Lob, L.A. McCann, C. Weyand, and et al. Central and peripheral mechanisms of T-lymphocyte activation and vascular inflammation produced by angiotensin II-induced hypertension Circ Res 107 2010 263 270
144. C.G. McCarthy, S. Goulopoulou, C.F. Wenceslau, K. Spitler, T. Matsumoto, and R.C. Webb Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306 2014 H184 H196
145. W.G. McMaster, A. Kirabo, M.S. Madhur, and D.G. Harrison Inflammation, immunity, and hypertensive end-organ damage Circ Res 116 2015 1022 1033
146. R. Medzhitov, P. Preston-Hurlburt, and C.A. Janeway Jr. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity Nature 388 1997 394 397
147. K.S. Michelsen, M.H. Wong, P.K. Shah, W. Zhang, J. Yano, T.M. Doherty, and et al. Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 2004 10679 10684
148. Y.I. Miller, S. Viriyakosol, D.S. Worrall, A. Boullier, S. Butler, and J.L. Witztum Toll-like receptor 4-dependent and -independent cytokine secretion induced by minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein in macrophages Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 2005 1213 1219
149. A.E. Mullick, K. Soldau, W.B. Kiosses, T.A. Bell III, P.S. Tobias, and L.K. Curtiss Increased endothelial expression of Toll-like receptor 2 at sites of disturbed blood flow exacerbates early atherogenic events J Exp Med 205 2008 373 383
150. A.E. Mullick, P.S. Tobias, and L.K. Curtiss Modulation of atherosclerosis in mice by Toll-like receptor 2 J Clin Invest 115 2005 3149 3156
151. S. Murad Toll-like receptor 4 in inflammation and angiogenesis: a double-edged sword Front Immunol 5 2014 313
152. M. Nakamura, Y. Shimizu, Y. Sato, Y. Miyazaki, T. Satoh, M. Mizuno, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction inhibitor, M62812, suppresses endothelial cell and leukocyte activation and prevents lethal septic shock in mice Eur J Pharmacol 569 2007 237 243
153. T. Nakashima, S. Umemoto, K. Yoshimura, S. Matsuda, S. Itoh, T. Murata, and et al. TLR4 is a critical regulator of angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling: the roles of extracellular SOD and NADPH oxidase Hypertens Res 38 10 2015 649 655
154. M.G. Netea, B.J. Kullberg, J.M. Galama, A.F. Stalenhoef, C.A. Dinarello, and J.W. Van der Meer Non-LPS components of Chlamydia pneumoniae stimulate cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 2-dependent pathways Eur J Immunol 32 2002 1188 1195
155. G. Nouailles, A. Dorhoi, M. Koch, J. Zerrahn, J. Weiner III, K.C. Fae, and et al. CXCL5-secreting pulmonary epithelial cells drive destructive neutrophilic inflammation in tuberculosis J Clin Invest 124 2014 1268 1282
156. U. Ohto, K. Fukase, K. Miyake, and Y. Satow Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa Science 316 2007 1632 1634
157. M. Onji, A. Kanno, S. Saitoh, R. Fukui, Y. Motoi, T. Shibata, and et al. An essential role for the N-terminal fragment of Toll-like receptor 9 in DNA sensing Nat Commun 4 2013 1949
158. M. Oosting, S.C. Cheng, J.M. Bolscher, R. Vestering-Stenger, T.S. Plantinga, I.C. Verschueren, and et al. Human TLR10 is an anti-inflammatory pattern-recognition receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111 2014 E4478 E4484
159. B.S. Park, D.H. Song, H.M. Kim, B.S. Choi, H. Lee, and J.O. Lee The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex Nature 458 2009 1191 1195
160. C. Pasare, and R. Medzhitov Toll-dependent control mechanisms of CD4 T cell activation Immunity 21 2004 733 741
161. G. Pasterkamp, J.K. Van Keulen, and D.P. De Kleijn Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic disease Eur J Clin Invest 34 2004 328 334
162. S. Petta, F.S. Macaluso, and A. Craxi Cardiovascular diseases and HCV infection: a simple association or more? Gut 63 2014 369 375
163. Y. Pi, L.L. Zhang, B.H. Li, L. Guo, X.\J. Cao, C.Y. Gao, and et al. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation attenuates TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells Lab Invest 93 2013 880 887
164. K. Piggott, V. Biousse, N.J. Newman, J.J. Goronzy, and C.M. Weyand Vascular damage in giant cell arteritis Autoimmunity 42 2009 596 604
165. A. Pineda, S.L. Verdin-Teran, A. Camacho, and L. Moreno-Fierros Expression of toll-like receptor TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and TLR-9 is increased in placentas from patients with preeclampsia Arch Med Res 42 2011 382 391
166. A. Poltorak, X. He, I. Smirnova, M.Y. Liu, C. Van Huffel, X. Du, and et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene Science 282 1998 2085 2088
167. O. Pryshchep, W. Ma-Krupa, B.R. Younge, J.J. Goronzy, and C.M. Weyand Vessel-specific Toll-like receptor profiles in human medium and large arteries Circulation 118 2008 1276 1284
168. D.J. Rawlings, M.A. Schwartz, S.W. Jackson, and A. Meyer-Bahlburg Integration of B cell responses through Toll-like receptors and antigen receptors Nat Rev Immunol 12 2012 282 294
169. S. Reisinger, D. Khan, E. Kong, A. Berger, A. Pollak, and D.D. Pollak The Poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation model in preclinical neuropsychiatric drug discovery Pharmacol Ther 149 2015 213 226
170. M. Ren, R. Li, M. Luo, N. Chen, X. Deng, K. Yan, and et al. Endothelial cells but not platelets are the major source of Toll-like receptor 4 in the arterial thrombosis and tissue factor expression in mice Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307 2014 R901 R907
171. C.A. Rivera, L. Gaskin, M. Allman, J. Pang, K. Brady, P. Adegboyega, and et al. Toll-like receptor-2 deficiency enhances non-alcoholic steatohepatitis BMC Gastroenterol 10 2010 52
172. B. Rodriguez-Iturbe, H. Pons, Y. Quiroz, and R.J. Johnson The immunological basis of hypertension Am J Hypertens 27 2014 1327 1337
173. Y.S. Roh, B. Zhang, R. Loomba, and E. Seki TLR2 and TLR9 contribute to alcohol-mediated liver injury through induction of CXCL1 and neutrophil infiltration Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 309 2015 G30 G41
174. S.K. Sahni Endothelial cell infection and hemostasis Thromb Res 119 2007 531 549
175. Y. Sakata, J.W. Dong, J.G. Vallejo, C.H. Huang, J.S. Baker, K.J. Tracey, and et al. Toll-like receptor 2 modulates left ventricular function following ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292 2007 H503 H509
176. M. Salagianni, I.E. Galani, A.M. Lundberg, C.H. Davos, A. Varela, A. Gavriil, and et al. Toll-like receptor 7 protects from atherosclerosis by constraining "inflammatory" macrophage activation Circulation 126 2012 952 962
177. M. Sanders Molecular and cellular concepts in atherosclerosis Pharmacol Ther 61 1994 109 153
178. S. Schneider, W. Koch, P. Hoppmann, R. Ubrich, S. Kemmner, E. Steinlechner, and et al. Association of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism with age-dependent systolic blood pressure increase in patients with coronary artery disease Immun Ageing 12 2015 4
179. A.H. Schoneveld, M.M. Oude Nijhuis, B. van Middelaar, J.D. Laman, D.P. de Kleijn, and G. Pasterkamp Toll-like receptor 2 stimulation induces intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic lesion development Cardiovasc Res 66 2005 162 169
180. N.W. Schroder, and R.R. Schumann Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious disease Lancet Infect Dis 5 2005 156 164
181. T.A. Seimon, M.J. Nadolski, X. Liao, J. Magallon, M. Nguyen, N.T. Feric, and et al. Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2-dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress Cell Metab 12 2010 467 482
182. T.A. Seimon, A. Obstfeld, K.J. Moore, D.T. Golenbock, and I. Tabas Combinatorial pattern recognition receptor signaling alters the balance of life and death in macrophages Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 2006 19794 19799
183. Y. Shintani, A. Kapoor, M. Kaneko, R.T. Smolenski, F. D'Acquisto, S.R. Coppen, and et al. TLR9 mediates cellular protection by modulating energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes and neurons Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 2013 5109 5114
184. T. Shishido, N. Nozaki, H. Takahashi, T. Arimoto, T. Niizeki, Y. Koyama, and et al. Central role of endogenous Toll-like receptor-2 activation in regulating inflammation, reactive oxygen species production, and subsequent neointimal formation after vascular injury Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345 2006 1446 1453
185. C. Shuang, M.H. Wong, D.J. Schulte, M. Arditi, and K.S. Michelsen Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and responses to TLR2 ligands between human and murine vascular endothelial cells J Endotoxin Res 13 2007 281 296
186. J. Siednienko, and S.M. Miggin Expression analysis of the Toll-like receptors in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Methods Mol Biol 517 2009 3 14
187. T. Sigurdardottir, V. Bjorck, H. Herwald, M. Morgelin, S. Rutardottir, J. Tornebrant, and et al. M1 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes induces nitric oxide-mediated vascular hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine: involvement of toll-like receptor activation Shock 34 2010 98 104
188. M.V. Singh, and F.M. Abboud Toll-like receptors and hypertension Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307 2014 R501 R504
189. D. Sollinger, R. Eissler, S. Lorenz, S. Strand, S. Chmielewski, C. Aoqui, and et al. Damage-associated molecular pattern activated Toll-like receptor 4 signalling modulates blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertension Cardiovasc Res 101 2014 464 472
190. R. Sorrentino, and M. Arditi Innate immunity, Toll-like receptors, and atherosclerosis: mouse models and methods Methods Mol Biol 517 2009 381 399
191. T. Speer, L. Rohrer, P. Blyszczuk, R. Shroff, K. Kuschnerus, N. Krankel, and et al. Abnormal high-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction via activation of Toll-like receptor-2 Immunity 38 2013 754 768
192. X. Su, L. Ao, Y. Shi, T.R. Johnson, D.A. Fullerton, and X. Meng Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces bone morphogenetic protein-2 in coronary artery endothelial cells via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 J Biol Chem 286 2011 12213 12220
193. Y. Takeishi, and I. Kubota Role of Toll-like receptor mediated signaling pathway in ischemic heart Front Biosci 14 2009 2553 2558
194. H. Tanji, U. Ohto, T. Shibata, K. Miyake, and T. Shimizu Structural reorganization of the Toll-like receptor 8 dimer induced by agonistic ligands Science 339 2013 1426 1429
195. J.H. Tinsley, V.L. Chiasson, A. Mahajan, K.J. Young, and B.M. Mitchell Toll-like receptor 3 activation during pregnancy elicits preeclampsia-like symptoms in rats Am J Hypertens 22 2009 1314 1319
196. P.S. Tobias, and L.K. Curtiss Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis Biochem Soc Trans 35 2007 1453 1455
197. T.D. Troutman, W. Hu, S. Fulenchek, T. Yamazaki, T. Kurosaki, J.F. Bazan, and et al. Role for B-cell adapter for PI3K (BCAP) as a signaling adapter linking Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to serine/threonine kinases PI3K/Akt Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 2012 273 278
198. P.M. Vanhoutte Endothelial dysfunction: the first step toward coronary arteriosclerosis Circ J 73 2009 595 601
199. A. Vink, D.P. de Kleijn, and G. Pasterkamp Functional role for toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling Curr Opin Lipidol 15 2004 515 521
200. A. Vink, A.H. Schoneveld, J.J. van der Meer, B.J. van Middelaar, J.P. Sluijter, M.B. Smeets, and et al. In vivo evidence for a role of toll-like receptor 4 in the development of intimal lesions Circulation 106 2002 1985 1990
201. G. Wallukat, V. Homuth, T. Fischer, C. Lindschau, B. Horstkamp, A. Jupner, and et al. Patients with preeclampsia develop agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin AT1 receptor J Clin Invest 103 1999 945 952
202. X.X. Wang, X.X. Lv, J.P. Wang, H.M. Yan, Z.Y. Wang, H.Z. Liu, and et al. Blocking TLR2 activity diminishes and stabilizes advanced atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice Acta Pharmacol Sin 34 2013 1025 1035
203. T.M. Watters, E.F. Kenny, and L.A. O'Neill Structure, function and regulation of the Toll/IL-1 receptor adaptor proteins Immunol Cell Biol 85 2007 411 419
204. D. Wesch, S. Beetz, H.H. Oberg, M. Marget, K. Krengel, and D. Kabelitz Direct costimulatory effect of TLR3 ligand poly(I:C) on human gamma delta T lymphocytes J Immunol 176 2006 1348 1354
205. C.M. Weyand, and J.J. Goronzy Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis N Engl J Med 349 2003 160 169
206. J. Wu, S.R. Thabet, A. Kirabo, D.W. Trott, M.A. Saleh, L. Xiao, and et al. Inflammation and mechanical stretch promote aortic stiffening in hypertension through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase Circ Res 114 2014 616 625
207. X.H. Xu, P.K. Shah, E. Faure, O. Equils, L. Thomas, M.C. Fishbein, and et al. Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques and upregulated by oxidized LDL Circulation 104 2001 3103 3108
208. J.M. Yang, Y. Wang, L.H. Qi, Y. Wang, F. Gao, S.F. Ding, and et al. Combinatorial interference of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 synergistically stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice J Cell Mol Med 15 2011 602 611
209. K. Yang, X.J. Zhang, L.J. Cao, X.H. Liu, Z.H. Liu, X.Q. Wang, and et al. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory cytokine secretion in smooth muscle cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein PLoS One 9 2014 e95935
210. Y. Yao, D. Guo, S. Yang, Y. Jin, L. He, J. Chen, and et al. HMGB1 gene polymorphism is associated with hypertension in Han Chinese population Clin Exp Hypertens 37 2015 166 171
211. K. Yonekawa, M. Neidhart, L.A. Altwegg, C.A. Wyss, R. Corti, T. Vogl, and et al. Myeloid related proteins activate Toll-like receptor 4 in human acute coronary syndromes Atherosclerosis 218 2011 486 492
212. H. Yumoto, H.H. Chou, Y. Takahashi, M. Davey, F.C. Gibson III, and C.A. Genco Sensitization of human aortic endothelial cells to lipopolysaccharide via regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 by bacterial fimbria-dependent invasion Infect Immun 73 2005 8050 8059
213. A. Zanin-Zhorov, and I.R. Cohen Signaling via TLR2 and TLR4 directly down-regulates T cell effector functions: the regulatory face of danger signals Front Immunol 4 2013 211
214. A. Zanin-Zhorov, G. Tal, S. Shivtiel, M. Cohen, T. Lapidot, G. Nussbaum, and et al. Heat shock protein 60 activates cytokine-associated negative regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in T cells: effects on signaling, chemotaxis, and inflammation J Immunol 175 2005 276 285
215. L.L. Zhang, C.Y. Gao, C.Q. Fang, Y.J. Wang, D. Gao, G.E. Yao, and et al. PPARgamma attenuates intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells Cardiovasc Res 92 2011 484 493