Granulocytic Phagocytes

Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 1, Issue , 2014, Pages 78-92

  DeLeo, Frank R ^a   Nauseef, William M ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial proteins; Apoptosis; Eosinophils; Granulocytes; Inflammation; Innate host defense; Myeloperoxidase; NADPH oxidase; Neutrophils; NOX proteins

Indexed keywords

EID: 84944613391     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00008-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (522)

1. Janeway C How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: a personal view. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:7461-7468.
2. Modlin RL Innate immunity: ignored for decades, but not forgotten. J Invest Dermatol 2012, 132(3 pt 2):882-886.
3. Mantovani A, Cassatella MA, Costantini C, Jaillon S Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011, 11:519-531.
4. Weissman IL, Anderson DJ, Gage F Stem and progenitor cells: origins, phenotypes, lineage commitments, and transdifferentiations. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2001, 17:387-403.
5. Rosenbauer F, Tenen DG Transcription factors in myeloid development: balancing differentiation with transformation. Nat Rev 2007, 7:105-117.
6. Dahl R, Walsh JC, Lancki D, et al. Regulation of macrophage and neutrophil cell fates by the PU.1:C/EBPα ratio and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Nat Immunol 2003, 4:1029-1036.
7. Hirai H, Zhang P, Dayaram T, et al. C/EBPβ is required for "emergency" granulopoiesis. Nat Immunol 2006, 7:732-739.
8. Panopoulos AD, Watowich SS Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: molecular mechanisms of action during steady state and "emergency" hematopoiesis. Cytokine 2008, 42:277-288.
9. Miossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:888-898.
10. Summers C, Rankin SM, Condliffe AM, et al. Neutrophil kinetics in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2010, 31:318-324.
11. Bainton DF, Ullyot JL, Farquhar MG The development of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes in human bone marrow. Origin and content of azurophil and specific granules. J Exp Med 1971, 134:907-934.
12. Borregaard N Neutrophils, from marrow to microbes. Immunity 2010, 33:657-670.
13. Lominadze G, Powell DW, Luerman GC, et al. Proteomic analysis of human neutrophil granules. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005, 4:1503-1521.
14. Faurschou M, Borregaard N Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation. Microbes Infect 2003, 5:1317-1327.
15. Cramer E, Pryzwansky KB, Villeval JC, et al. Ultrastructural localization of lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils by immunogold. Blood 1985, 65:423-432.
16. Csernok E, Ludemann J, Gross WL, Bainton DF Ultrastructural localization of proteinase 3, the target antigen of anti-cytoplasmic antibodies circulating in Wegener's granulomatosis. Am J Pathol 1990, 137:1113-1120.
17. Ohlsson K, Olsson I The neutral proteases of human granulocytes: isolation and partial characterization of granulocyte elastase. Eur J Biochem 1974, 42:519-527.
18. Rice WG, Ganz T, Kinkade JM, et al. Defensin-rich dense granules of human neutrophils. Blood 1987, 70:757-765.
19. Weiss J, Olsson I Cellular and subcellular localization of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein of neutrophils. Blood 1987, 69:652-659.
20. Cieutat AM, Lobel P, August JT, et al. Azurophilic granules of human neutrophilic leukocytes are deficient in lysosome-associated membrane proteins but retain the mannose-6-phosphate recognition marker. Blood 1998, 91:1044-1058.
21. Nauseef WM, McCormick S, Yi H Roles of heme insertion and the mannose-6-phosphate receptor in processing of the human myeloid lysosomal enzyme, myeloperoxidase. Blood 1992, 80:2622-2633.
22. Valore EV, Ganz T Posttranslational processing of defensin precursors in immature human myeloid cells. Blood 1992, 79:1538-1544.
23. Sengeløv H, Nielsen MH, Borregaard N Separation of human neutrophil plasma membrane from intracellular vesicles containing alkaline phosphatase and NADPH oxidase activity by free flow electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:14912-14917.
24. Kjeldsen L, Bainton DF, Sengeløv H, Borregaard N Structural and functional heterogeneity among peroxidase-negative granules in human neutrophils: identification of a distinct gelatinase-containing granule subset by combined immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation. Blood 1993, 82:3183-3191.
25. Borregaard N, Kjeldsen L, Lollike K, Sengeløv H Granules and vesicles of human neutrophils. The role of endomembranes as source of plasma membrane proteins. Eur J Haematol 1993, 51:318-322.
26. Calafat J, Kuijpers TW, Janssen H, et al. Evidence for small intracellular vesicles in human blood phagocytes containing cytochrome b558 and the adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18. Blood 1993, 81:3122-3129.
27. Borregaard N, Heiple JM, Simons ER, Clark RA Subcellular localization of the b-cytochrome component of the human neutrophil microbicidal oxidase: translocation during activation. J Cell Biol 1983, 97:52-61.
28. Sengeløv H, Boulay F, Kjeldsen L, Borregaard N Subcellular localization and translocation of the receptor for N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils. Bioch J 1994, 299(pt 2):473-479.
29. Singer II, Scott S, Kawka DW, Kazazis DM Adhesomes: specific granules containing receptors for laminin, C3bi/fibrinogen, fibronectin, and vitronectin in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Cell Biol 1989, 109(6 pt 1):3169-3182.
30. Porteu F, Nathan CF Mobilizable intracellular pool of p55 (type I) tumor necrosis factor receptors in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 1992, 52:122-124.
31. Sengeløv H, Kjeldsen L, Kroeze W, et al. Secretory vesicles are the intracellular reservoir of complement receptor 1 in human neutrophils. J Immunol 1994, 153:804-810.
32. Borregaard N, Kjeldsen L, Sengeløv H, et al. Changes in subcellular localization and surface expression of L-selectin, alkaline phosphatase, and Mac-1 in human neutrophils during stimulation with inflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 1994, 56:80-87.
33. 2) in human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:1467-1476.
34. Jethwaney D, Islam MR, Leidal KG, et al. Proteomic analysis of plasma membrane and secretory vesicles from human neutrophils. Proteome Sci 2007, 5:12.
35. Van Haastert PJ, Devreotes PN Chemotaxis: signalling the way forward. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004, 5:626-634.
36. Nordenfelt P, Tapper H Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2011, 90:271-284.
37. Pestonjamasp K, Amieva MR, Strassel CP, et al. Moesin, ezrin, and p205 are actin-binding proteins associated with neutrophil plasma membranes. Mol Biol Cell 1995, 6:247-259.
38. Klotz KN, Krotec KL, Gripentrog J, Jesaitis AJ Regulatory interaction of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors with the membrane skeleton in human neutrophils. J Immunol 1994, 152:801-810.
39. Ryder MI, Weinreb RN, Niederman R The organization of actin filaments in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Anat Rec 1984, 209:7-20.
40. Neuman E, Huleatt JW, Vargas H, et al. Regulation of MHC class I synthesis and expression by human neutrophils. J Immunol 1992, 148:3520-3527.
41. Neuman E, Huleatt JW, Jack RM Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases synthesis and expression of CR1 and CR3 by human peripheral blood neutrophils. J Immunol 1990, 145:3325-3332.
42. Theilgaard-Monch K, Knudsen S, Follin P, Borregaard N The transcriptional activation program of human neutrophils in skin lesions supports their important role in wound healing. J Immunol 2004, 172:7684-7693.
43. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:34-47.
44. Ricklin D, Hajishengallis G, Yang K, Lambris JD Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2010, 11:785-797.
45. Fu H, Karlsson J, Bylund J, et al. Ligand recognition and activation of formyl peptide receptors in neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 79:247-256.
46. Rittirsch D, Flierl MA, Nadeau BA, et al. Functional roles for C5a receptors in sepsis. Nat Med 2008, 14:551-557.
47. Sadik CD, Kim ND, Luster AD Neutrophils cascading their way to inflammation. Trends Immunol 2011, 32:452-460.
48. Serhan CN, Prescott SM The scent of a phagocyte: Advances on leukotriene B 4 receptors. J Exp Med 2000, 192:F5-F8.
49. Thelen M, Stein JV How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance. Nat Immunol 2008, 9:953-959.
50. Bender JG, Van Epps DE, Chenoweth DE Independent regulation of human neutrophil chemotactic receptors after activation. J Immunol 1987, 139:3028-3033.
51. Korchak HM, Wilkenfeld C, Rich AM, et al. Stimulus response coupling in the human neutrophil. Differential requirements for receptor occupancy in neutrophil responses to a chemoattractant. J Biol Chem 1984, 259:7439-7445.
52. Bratton DL, Henson PM Neutrophil clearance: when the party is over, clean-up begins. Trends Immunol 2011, 32:350-357.
53. Cartwright GE, Athens JW, Wintrobe MM The kinetics of granulopoiesis in normal man. Blood 1964, 24:780-803.
54. Sachs L The molecular control of blood cell development. Science 1987, 238:1374-1379.
55. Rankin SM The bone marrow: a site of neutrophil clearance. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 88:241-251.
56. Richter Y, Groothuis A, Seifert P, Edelman ER Dynamic flow alterations dictate leukocyte adhesion and response to endovascular interventions. J Clin Invest 2004, 113:1607-1614.
57. Sundd P, Gutierrez E, Koltsova EK, et al. "Slings" enable neutrophil rolling at high shear. Nature 2012, 488:399-403.
58. Sundd P, Pospieszalska MK, Ley K Neutrophil rolling at high shear: flattening, catch bond behavior, tethers and slings. Mol Immunol 2013, 55:59-69.
59. Pillay J, den Braber I, Vrisekoop N, et al. In vivo labeling with 2H2O reveals a human neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days. Blood 2010, 116:625-627.
60. Li KW, Turner SM, Emson CL, et al. Deuterium and neutrophil kinetics. Blood 2011, 117:6052-6053.
61. Tofts PS, Chevassut T, Cutajar M, et al. Doubts concerning the recently reported human neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days. Blood 2011, 117:6050-6052.
62. Ravichandran KS Beginnings of a good apoptotic meal: the find-me and eat-me signaling pathways. Immunity 2011, 35:445-455.
63. Whyte MKB, Meagher LC, MacDermot J, Haslett C Impairment of function in aging neutrophils is associated with apoptosis. J Immunol 1993, 150:5124-5134.
64. Nathan C Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol 2006, 6:173-182.
65. Soehnlein O, Lindbom L Phagocyte partnership during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2010, 10:427-439.
66. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:349-361.
67. Serhan CN, Savill J Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end. Nat Immunol 2005, 6:1191-1197.
68. Gallin JI Human neutrophil heterogeneity exists, but is it meaningful?. Blood 1984, 63:977-983.
69. Brown CC, Malech HL, Gallin JI Intravenous endotoxin recruits a distinct subset of human neutrophils, defined by monoclonal antibody 31D8, from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. Cell Immunol 1989, 123:294-306.
70. Seligmann B, Malech HL, Melnick DA, Gallin JI An antibody binding to human neutrophils demonstrates antigenic heterogeneity detected early in myeloid maturation which correlates with functional heterogeneity of mature neutrophils. J Immunol 1985, 135:2647-2653.
71. Kamp VM, Pillay J, Lammers JW, et al. Human suppressive neutrophils CD16bright/CD62Ldim exhibit decreased adhesion. J Leukoc Biol 2012, 92:1011-1020.
72. Chakravarti A, Rusu D, Flamand N, et al. Reprogramming of a subpopulation of human blood neutrophils by prolonged exposure to cytokines. Lab Invest 2009, 89:1084-1099.
73. Pillay J, Kamp VM, van Hoffen E, et al. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J Clin Invest 2012, 122:327-336.
74. Pillay J, Ramakers BP, Kamp VM, et al. Functional heterogeneity and differential priming of circulating neutrophils in human experimental endotoxemia. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 88:211-220.
75. Buckley CD, Ross EA, McGettrick HM, et al. Identification of a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of long-lived neutrophils in a model of reverse endothelial migration. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 79:303-311.
76. Robinson JM, Karnovsky ML, Karnovsky MJ Glycogen accumulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and other intracellular alterations that occur during inflammation. J Cell Biol 1982, 95:933-942.
77. Kuhns DB, Gallin JI Increased cell-associated IL-8 in human exudative and A23187-treated peripheral blood neutrophils. J Immunol 1995, 154:6556-6562.
78. Bender JG, McPhail LC, Van Epps DE Exposure of human neutrophils to chemotactic factors potentiates activation of the respiratory burst enzyme. J Immunol 1983, 130:2316-2323.
79. Van Epps DE, Garcia ML Enhancement of neutrophils function as a result of prior exposure to chemotactic factor. J Clin Invest 1980, 66:167-175.
80. Moreland JG, Davis AP, Matsuda JJ, et al. Endotoxin priming of neutrophils requires NADPH oxidase-generated oxidants and is regulated by the anion transporter ClC-3. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:33958-33967.
81. Dewas C, Dang PM, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, El-Benna J TNF-alpha induces phosphorylation of p47(phox) in human neutrophils: partial phosphorylation of p47phox is a common event of priming of human neutrophils by TNF-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 2003, 171:4392-4398.
82. Keil ML, Solomon NL, Lodhi IJ, et al. Priming-induced localization of G(ialpha2) in high density membrane microdomains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 301:862-872.
83. Tsukahara Y, Lian Z, Zhang X, et al. Gene expression in human neutrophils during activation and priming by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Cell Biochem 2003, 89:848-861.
84. Fessler MB, Arndt PG, Frasch SC, et al. Lipid rafts regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of Cdc42 and inflammatory functions of the human neutrophil. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:39989-39998.
85. DeLeo FR, Renee J, McCormick S, et al. Neutrophils exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide upregulate NADPH oxidase assembly. J Clin Invest 1998, 101:455-463.
86. Stie J, Jesaitis AJ Reorganization of the human neutrophil plasma membrane is associated with functional priming: implications for neutrophil preparations. J Leukoc Biol 2007, 81:672-685.
87. Colotta F, Re F, Polentarutti N, et al. Modulation of granulocyte survival and programmed cell death by cytokines and bacterial products. Blood 1992, 80:2012-2020.
88. Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol 2007, 7:678-689.
89. Phillipson M, Kubes P The neutrophil in vascular inflammation. Nat Med 2011, 17:1381-1390.
90. Zhao T, Benard V, Bohl BP, Bokoch GM The molecular basis for adhesion-mediated suppression of reactive oxygen species generation by human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 2003, 112:1732-1740.
91. Berger M, Budhu S, Lu E, et al. Different G(i)-coupled chemoattractant receptors signal qualitatively different functions in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2002, 71:798-806.
92. Nathan CF Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:1550-1560.
93. Nelson RM, Venot A, Bevilacqua MP, et al. Carbohydrate-protein interactions in vascular biology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1995, 11:601-631.
94. Abram CL, Lowell CA The ins and outs of leukocyte integrin signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 2009, 27:339-362.
95. de Fougerolles AR, Diamond MS, Springer TA Heterogenous glycosylation of ICAM-3 and lack of interaction with Mac-1 and p150,95. Eur J Immunol 1995, 25:1008-1012.
96. de Fougerolles AR, Klickstein LB, Springer TA Cloning and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 reveals strong homology to other immunoglobulin family counter-receptors for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1. J Exp Med 1993, 177:1187-1192.
97. Gresham HD, Goodwin JL, Allen PM, et al. A novel member of the integrin receptor family mediates Arg-Gly-Asp-stimulated neutrophil phagocytosis. J Cell Biol 1989, 108:1935-1943.
98. Lindberg FP, Gresham HD, Reinhold MI, Brown EJ Integrin-associated protein immunoglobulin domain is necessary for efficient vitronectin bead binding. J Cell Biol 1996, 134:1313-1322.
99. Gresham HD, Graham IL, Griffin GL, et al. Domain-specific interactions between entactin and neutrophil integrins. G2 domain ligation of integrin alpha3beta1 and E domain ligation of the leukocyte response integrin signal for different responses. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:30587-30594.
100. Zhou M, Brown EJ Leukocyte response integrin and integrin-associated protein act as a signal transduction unit in generation of a phagocyte respiratory burst. J Exp Med 1993, 178:1165-1174.
101. Lindberg FP, Bullard DC, Caver TE, et al. Decreased resistance to bacterial infection and granulocyte defects in IAP-deficient mice. Science 1996, 274:795-798.
102. Phillipson M, Heit B, Colarusso P, et al. Intraluminal crawling of neutrophils to emigration sites: a molecularly distinct process from adhesion in the recruitment cascade. J Exp Med 2006, 203:2569-2575.
103. Lou O, Alcaide P, Luscinskas FW, Muller WA CD99 is a key mediator of the transendothelial migration of neutrophils. J Immunol 2007, 178:1136-1143.
104. Mandell KJ, Parkos CA The JAM family of proteins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005, 57:857-867.
105. Feng D, Nagy JA, Pyne K, et al. Neutrophils emigrate from venules by a transendothelial cell pathway in response to FMLP. J Exp Med 1998, 187:903-915.
106. Weiner OD, Marganski WA, Wu LF, et al. An actin-based wave generator organizes cell motility. PLoS Biol 2007, 5:e221.
107. Sadhu C, Masinovsky B, Dick K, et al. Essential role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta in neutrophil directional movement. J Immunol 2003, 170:2647-2654.
108. Wong K, Pertz O, Hahn K, Bourne H Neutrophil polarization: spatiotemporal dynamics of RhoA activity support a self-organizing mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:3639-3644.
109. Van Keymeulen A, Wong K, Knight ZA, et al. To stabilize neutrophil polarity, PIP3 and Cdc42 augment RhoA activity at the back as well as signals at the front. J Cell Biol 2006, 174:437-445.
110. Wang F, Herzmark P, Weiner OD, et al. Lipid products of PI(3)Ks maintain persistent cell polarity and directed motility in neutrophils. Nat Cell Biol 2002, 4:513-518.
111. Brandman O, Meyer T Feedback loops shape cellular signals in space and time. Science 2008, 322:390-395.
112. Lammermann T, Bader BL, Monkley SJ, et al. Rapid leukocyte migration by integrin-independent flowing and squeezing. Nature 2008, 453:51-55.
113. Zemans RL, Colgan SP, Downey GP Transepithelial migration of neutrophils: mechanisms and implications for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009, 40:519-535.
114. Shaykhiev R, Bals R Interactions between epithelial cells and leukocytes in immunity and tissue homeostasis. J Leukoc Biol 2007, 82:1-15.
115. Parkos CA, Colgan SP, Bacarra AE, et al. Intestinal epithelia (T84) possess basolateral ligands for CD11b/CD18-mediated neutrophil adherence. Am J Physiol 1995, 268(2 pt 1):C472-C479.
116. Parkos CA, Colgan SP, Madara JL Interactions of neutrophils with epithelial cells: lessons from the intestine. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994, 5:138-152.
117. Parkos CA, Colgan SP, Liang TW, et al. CD47 mediates post-adhesive events required for neutrophil migration across polarized intestinal epithelia. J Cell Biol 1996, 132:437-450.
118. Colgan SP, Serhan CN, Parkos CA, et al. Lipoxin A4 modulates transmigration of human neutrophils across intestinal epithelial monolayers. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:75-82.
119. Colgan SP, Parkos CA, Delp C, et al. Neutrophil migration across cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers is modulated by epithelial exposure to IFN-gamma in a highly polarized fashion. J Cell Biol 1993, 120:785-798.
120. Sitaraman SV, Merlin D, Wang L, et al. Neutrophil-epithelial crosstalk at the intestinal lumenal surface mediated by reciprocal secretion of adenosine and IL-6. J Clin Invest 2001, 107:861-869.
121. Ginzberg HH, Cherapanov V, Dong Q, et al. Neutrophil-mediated epithelial injury during transmigration: role of elastase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001, 281:G705-G717.
122. Murphy PM The molecular biology of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 1994, 12:593-633.
123. Willard SS, Devreotes PN Signaling pathways mediating chemotaxis in the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2006, 85:897-904.
124. Heit B, Tavener S, Raharjo E, Kubes P An intracellular signaling hierarchy determines direction of migration in opposing chemotactic gradients. J Cell Biol 2002, 159:91-102.
125. Lee WL, Harrison RE, Grinstein S Phagocytosis by neutrophils. Microbes Infect 2003, 5:1299-1306.
126. Goodridge HS, Underhill DM, Touret N Mechanisms of Fc receptor and dectin-1 activation for phagocytosis. Traffic 2012, 13:1062-1071.
127. Amulic B, Cazalet C, Hayes GL, et al. Neutrophil function: from mechanisms to disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2012, 30:459-489.
128. Aderem A How to eat something bigger than your head. Cell 2002, 110:5-8.
129. Kennedy AD, Willment JA, Dorward DW, et al. Dectin-1 promotes fungicidal activity of human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2007, 37:467-478.
130. Brouwer N, Dolman KM, van Houdt M, et al. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) facilitates opsonophagocytosis of yeasts but not of bacteria despite MBL binding. J Immunol 2008, 180:4124-4132.
131. McKenzie SE, Schreiber AD Fc gamma receptors in phagocytes. Curr Opin Hematol 1998, 5:16-21.
132. Sengeløv H Complement receptors in neutrophils. Crit Rev Immunol 1995, 15:107-131.
133. Lew DP, Andersson T, Hed J, et al. Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent phagocytosis in human neutrophils. Nature 1985, 315:509-511.
134. Petroni KC, Shen L, Guyre PM Modulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte IgG Fc receptors and Fc receptor-mediated functions by IFN-gamma and glucocorticoids. J Immunol 1988, 140:3467-3472.
135. Griffin FM, Griffin JA, Leider JE, Silverstein SC Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. I. Requirements for circumferential attachment of particle-bound ligands to specific receptors on the macrophage plasma membrane. J Exp Med 1975, 142:1263-1282.
136. Griffin FM, Griffin JA, Silverstein SC Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. II. The interaction of macrophages with anti-immunoglobulin IgG-coated bone marrow-derived lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1976, 144:788-809.
137. Swanson JA Shaping cups into phagosomes and macropinosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008, 9:639-649.
138. Anderson KE, Boyle KB, Davidson K, et al. CD18-dependent activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase during phagocytosis of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is regulated by class III but not class I or II PI3Ks. Blood 2008, 112:5202-5211.
139. Hallett MB, Dewitt S Ironing out the wrinkles of neutrophil phagocytosis. Trends Cell Biol 2007, 17:209-214.
140. Lee WL, Mason D, Schreiber AD, Grinstein S Quantitative analysis of membrane remodeling at the phagocytic cup. Mol Biol Cell 2007, 18:2883-2892.
141. Huynh KK, Kay JG, Stow JL, Grinstein S Fusion, fission, and secretion during phagocytosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2007, 22:366-372.
142. Gagnon E, Bergeron JJ, Desjardins M ER-mediated phagocytosis: myth or reality?. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 77:843-845.
143. Touret N, Paroutis P, Terebiznik M, et al. Quantitative and dynamic assessment of the contribution of the ER to phagosome formation. Cell 2005, 123:157-170.
144. Touret N, Paroutis P, Grinstein S The nature of the phagosomal membrane: endoplasmic reticulum versus plasmalemma. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 77:878-885.
145. Garin J, Diez R, Kieffer S, et al. The phagosome proteome: insight into phagosome functions. J Cell Biol 2001, 152:165-180.
146. May RC, Machesky LM Phagocytosis and the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2001, 114:1061-1077.
147. Yeung T, Grinstein S Lipid signaling and the modulation of surface charge during phagocytosis. Immunol Rev 2007, 219:17-36.
148. Swanson JA, Hoppe AD The coordination of signaling during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 76:1093-1103.
149. Nauseef WM How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view. Immunol Rev 2007, 219:88-102.
150. Hackam DJ, Rotstein OD, Zheng WJ, et al. Regulation of phagosomal acidification. Differential targeting of Na+/H+ exchangers, Na+ K+-ATPases, and vacuolar-type H+-atpases. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:29810-29820.
151. Nanda A, Brumell JH, Nordström T, et al. Activation of proton pumping in human neutrophils occurs by exocytosis of vesicles bearing vacuolar-type H+-ATPases. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:15963-15970.
152. Cech P, Lehrer RI Phagolysosomal pH of human neutrophils. Blood 1984, 63:88-95.
153. Segal AW, Geisow M, Garcia R, et al. The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. Nature 1981, 290:406-409.
154. Jankowski A, Scott CC, Grinstein S Determinants of the phagosomal pH in neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:6059-6066.
155. Demaurex N, El Chemaly A Physiological roles of voltage-gated proton channels in leukocytes. J Physiol 2010, 588(pt 23):4659-4665.
156. Morgan D, Capasso M, Musset B, et al. Voltage-gated proton channels maintain pH in human neutrophils during phagocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:18022-18027.
157. Nauseef WM Biological roles for the NOX family NADPH oxidases. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:16961-16965.
158. Nauseef WM Nox enzymes in immune cells. Semin Immunopathol 2008, 30:195-208.
159. Gabig TG, Babior B The O 2(-) -forming oxidase responsible for the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1979, 254:9070-9074.
160. DeCoursey TE Voltage-gated proton channels find their dream job managing the respiratory burst in phagocytes. Physiology 2010, 25:27-40.
161. Root RK, Metcalf JA H2O2 release from human granulocytes during phagocytosis. Relationship to superoxide anion formation and cellular catabolism of H2O2: studies with normal and cytochalasin B-treated cells. J Clin Invest 1977, 60:1266-1279.
162. Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ Redox reactions and microbial killing in the neutrophil phagosome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013, 18:642-660.
163. Klebanoff SJ, Kettle AJ, Rosen H, et al. Myeloperoxidase: a front-line defender against phagocytosed microorganisms. J Leukoc Biol 2013, 93:185-198.
164. Nathan C, Shiloh M Reactive oxygen and nitrogen inter-mediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:8841-8848.
165. Evans TJ, Buttery LDK, Carpenter A, et al. Cytokine-treated human neutrophils contain inducible nitric oxide synthase that produces nitration of ingested bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996, 93:9553-9558.
166. Wheeler MA, Smith SD, Garcia-Cardeña G, et al. Bacterial infection induces nitric oxide synthase in human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1997, 99:110-116.
167. Jiang Q, Hurst JK Relative chlorinating, nitrating, and oxidizing capabilities of neutrophils determined with phagocytosable probes. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:32767-32772.
168. Mestas J, Hughes CCW Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology. J Immunol 2004, 172:2731-2738.
169. Davis MM A prescription for human immunology. Immunity 2008, 29:1-4.
170. Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, et al. Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013, 110:3507-3512.
171. Learn DB, Fried VA, Thomas EL Taurine and hypotaurine content of human leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 1990, 48:174-182.
172. Sumimoto H Structure, regulation, and evolution of Nox-family NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species. FEBS J 2008, 275:3249-3277.
173. Teahan C, Rowe P, Parker P, et al. The X-linked chronic granulomatous disease gene codes for the b-chain of cytochrome b-145. Nature 1987, 327:720-721.
174. Parkos CA, Allen RA, Cochrane CG, Jesaitis AJ Purified cytochrome b from human granulocyte plasma membrane is comprised of two polypeptides with relative molecular weights of 91,000 and 22,000. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:732-742.
175. Dinauer MC, Orkin SH, Brown R, et al. The glycoprotein encoded by the X-linked chronic granulomatous disease locus is a component of the neutrophil cytochrome b complex. Nature 1987, 327:717-720.
176. Quinn MT, Mullen ML, Jesaitis AJ, Linner JG Subcellular distribution of the Rap1A protein in human neutrophils: colocalization and cotranslocation with cytochrome b 559. Blood 1992, 79:1563-1573.
177. Cross AR, Rae J, Curnutte JT Cytochrome b-245 of the neutrophil superoxide-generating system contains two nonidentical hemes. Potentiometric studies of a mutant form of gp91phox. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:17075-17077.
178. Rotrosen D, Yeung CL, Leto TL, et al. Cytochrome b 558: the flavin-binding component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Science 1992, 256:1459-1462.
179. Segal AW, West I, Wientjes F, et al. Cytochrome b-245 is a flavocytochrome containing FAD and the NADPH-binding site of the microbicidal oxidase of phagocytes. Biochem J 1992, 284(pt 3):781-788.
180. Volpp BD, Nauseef WM, Clark RA Two cytosolic neutrophil NADPH oxidase components absent in autosomal chronic granulomatous disease. Science 1988, 242:1295-1298.
181. Nunoi H, Rotrosen D, Gallin JI, Malech HL Two forms of autosomal chronic granulomatous disease lack distinct neutrophil cytosol factors. Science 1988, 242:1298-1301.
182. Volpp BD, Nauseef WM, Donelson JE, et al. Cloning of the cDNA and functional expression of the 47-kilodalton cytosolic component of the human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989, 86:7195-7199.
183. Lomax KJ, Leto TL, Nunoi H, et al. Recombinant 47-kilodalton cytosol factor restores NADPH oxidase in chronic granulomatous disease. Science 1989, 245:409-412.
184. Leto TL, Lomax KJ, Volpp BD, et al. Cloning of a 67-kD neutrophil cytosolic factor and its similarity to a noncatalytic region of p60c-src. Science 1990, 248:727-730.
185. Tsunawaki S, Kagara S, Yoshikawa K, et al. Involvement of p47 phox in activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase through association of its carboxyl-terminal, but not its amino-terminal, with p67 phox. J Exp Med 1996, 184:893-902.
186. Tsunawaki S, Mizunari H, Nagata M, et al. A novel cytosolic component, p40 phox, of respiratory burst oxidase associates with p67 phox and is absent in patients with chronic granulomatous disease who lack p67 phox. Biochem Biophys Research Commun 1994, 199:1378-1387.
187. Wientjes FB, Panayotou G, Reeves E, Segal AW Interactions between cytosolic components of the NADPH oxidase: p40 phox interacts with both p67 phox and p47 phox. Biochem J 1996, 317(pt 3):919-924.
188. Park JW, Ma M, Ruedi JM, et al. The cytosolic components of the respiratory burst oxidase exist as a M(r) approximately 240,000 complex that acquires a membrane-binding site during activation of the oxidase in a cell-free system. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:17327-17332.
189. Iyer SS, Pearson DW, Nauseef WM, Clark RA Evidence for a readily dissociable complex of p47phox and p67phox in cytosol of unstimulated human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:22405-22411.
190. El-Benna J, Dang PM, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, et al. p47phox, the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2 organizer: structure, phosphorylation and implication in diseases. Exp Mol Med 2009, 41:217-225.
191. Heyworth PG, Shrimpton CF, Segal AW Localization of the 47ÊkDa phosphoprotein involved in the respiratory-burst NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells. Evidence for its translocation from the cytosol to plasma membrane. Biochem J 1989, 260:243-248.
192. Rotrosen D, Leto TL Phosphorylation of neutrophil 47-kDa cytosolic oxidase factor. Translocation to membrane is associated with distinct phosphorylation events. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:19910-19915.
193. Clark RA, Volpp BD, Leidal KG, Nauseef WM Two cytosolic components of the human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase translocate to the plasma membrane during cell activation. J Clin Invest 1990, 85:714-721.
194. Heyworth PG, Curnutte JT, Nauseef WM, et al. Neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase assembly. Translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox requires interaction between p47-phox and cytochrome b558. J Clin Invest 1991, 87:352-356.
195. Nauseef WM, Volpp BD, McCormick S, et al. Assembly of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase. Protein kinase C promotes cytoskeletal and membrane association of cytosolic oxidase components. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:5911-5917.
196. El Benna J, Faust LP, Johnson JL, Babior BM Phosphorylation of the respiratory burst oxidase subunit p47phox as determined by two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C, protein kinase A, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:6374-6378.
197. Faust LP, El Benna J, Babior BM, Chanock SJ The phosphorylation targets of p47 phox, a subunit of the respiratory burst oxidase. Functions of the individual target serines as evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis. J Clin Invest 1995, 96:1499-1505.
198. Ago T, Kuribayashi F, Hiroaki H, et al. Phosphorylation of p47 phox directs phox homology domain from SH3 domain toward phosphoinositides, leading to phagocyte NADPH oxidase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:4474-4479.
199. Shiose A, Sumimoto H Arachidonic acid and phosphorylation synergistically induce a conformational change of p47phox to activate the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Functions of the individual target serines as evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:13793-13801.
200. Nauseef WM Assembly of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Histochem Cell Biol 2004, 122:277-291.
201. Groemping Y, Lapouge K, Smerdon SJ, Rittinger K Molecular basis of phosphorylation-induced activation of the NADPH oxidase. Cell 2003, 113:343-355.
202. Ogura K, Nobuhisa I, Yuzawa S, et al. NMR solution structure of the tandem Src homology 3 domains of p47phox complexed with a p22phox-derived proline-rich peptide. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:3660-3668.
203. Takeya R, Sumimoto H Forum review. Regulation of novel superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006, 8:1523-1532.
204. DeLeo FR, Quinn MT Assembly of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase: molecular interactions of oxidase proteins. J Leukoc Biol 1996, 60:677-691.
205. Minakami R, Maehara Y, Kamakura S, et al. Membrane phospholipid metabolism during phagocytosis in human neutrophils. Genes Cells 2010, 15:409-424.
206. Taylor RM, Riesselman MH, Lord CI, et al. Anionic lipid-induced conformational changes in human phagocyte flavocytochrome b precede assembly and activation of the NADPH oxidase complex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012, 52:24-31.
207. Rotrosen D, Kleinberg ME, Nunoi H, et al. Evidence for a functional cytoplasmic domain of phagocyte oxidase cytochrome b558. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:8745-8750.
208. Kleinberg ME, Mital D, Rotrosen D, Malech HL Characterization of a phagocyte cytochrome b558 91-kilodalton subunit functional domain: identification of peptide sequence and amino acids essential for activity. Biochemistry 1992, 31:2686-2690.
209. DeLeo FR, Yu L, Burritt JB, et al. Mapping sites of interaction of p47-phox and flavocytochrome b with random-sequence peptide phage display libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:7110-7114.
210. Maehara Y, Miyano K, Sumimoto H Role for the first SH3 domain of p67phox in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009, 379:589-593.
211. Yuzawa S, Miyano K, Honbou K, et al. The domain organization of p67 phox, a protein required for activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. J Innate Immun 2009, 1:543-555.
212. Taura M, Miyano K, Minakami R, et al. A region N-terminal to the tandem SH3 domain of p47phox plays a crucial role in the activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Biochem J 2009, 419:329-338.
213. Lemke G, Rothlin CV Immunobiology of the TAM receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:327-336.
214. Tlili A, Erard M, Faure MC, et al. Stable accumulation of p67phox at the phagosomal membrane and ROS production within the phagosome. J Leukoc Biol 2012, 91:83-95.
215. Nisimoto Y, Motalebi S, Han CH, Lambeth JD The p67 phox activation domain regulates electron flow from NADPH to flavin in flavocytochrome b 558. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:22999-23005.
216. Lapouge K, Smith SJM, Walker PA, et al. Structure of the TPR domain of p67phox in complex with Rac-GTP. Mol Cell 2000, 6:899-907.
217. Liu BA, Nash PD Evolution of SH2 domains and phosphotyrosine signalling networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012, 367:2556-2573.
218. McPhail LC SH3-dependent assembly of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. J Exp Med 1994, 180:2011-2015.
219. Leto TL, Adams AG, de Mendez I Assembly of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase: binding of Src homology 3 domains to proline-rich targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:10650-10654.
220. Quinn MT, Parkos CA, Walker L, et al. Association of a Ras-related protein with cytochrome b of human neutrophils. Nature 1989, 342:198-200.
221. Bokoch GM, Quilliam LA, Bohl BP, et al. Inhibition of Rap1A binding to cytochrome b558 of NADPH oxidase by phosphorylation of Rap1A. Science 1991, 254:1794-1796.
222. Berthier S, Paclet MH, Lerouge S, et al. Changing the conformation state of cytochrome b558 initiates NADPH oxidase activation. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:25499-25508.
223. Baillet A, Xu R, Grichine A, et al. Coupling of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase with NADPH oxidase in neutrophils: Nox2 activity regulation by NADPH availability. FASEB J 2011, 25:2333-2343.
224. Berthier S, Nguyen MVC, Baillert A, et al. Molecular interface of S100A8 with cytochrome b558 and NADPH oxidase activation. PLoS One 2012, 7:e40277.
225. Paclet MH, Berthier S, Kuhn L, et al. Regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity: identification of two cytochrome b558 activation states. FASEB J 2007, 21:1244-1255.
226. Wientjes FB, Hsuan JJ, Totty NF, Segal AW p40phox, a third cytosolic component of the activation complex of the NADPH oxidase to contain src homology 3 domains. Biochem J 1993, 296(pt 3):557-561.
227. Sathyamoorthy M, de Mendez I, Adams AG, Leto TL p40(phox) down-regulates NADPH oxidase activity through interactions with its SH3 domain. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:9141-9146.
228. Groemping Y, Rittinger K Activation and assembly of the NADPH oxidase: a structural perspective. Biochem J 2005, 386(pt 3):401-416.
229. Ellson C, Davidson K, Anderson K, et al. Ptdlns3P binding to the PX domain of p40phox is a physiological signal in NADPH oxidase activation. EMBO J 2006, 25:4468-4478.
230. Ellson CD, Davidson K, Ferguson GJ, et al. Neutrophils from p40phox-/- mice exhibit severe defects in NADPH oxidase regulation and oxidant-dependent bacterial killing. J Exp Med 2006, 20:1927-1937.
231. Suh CI, Stull ND, Li XJ, et al. The phosphoinositide-binding protein p40 phox activates the NADPH oxidase during FcgIIA receptor-induced phagocytosis. J Exp Med 2006, 203:1915-1925.
232. Ellson CD, Anderson KE, Morgan G, et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate is generated in phagosomal membranes. Curr Biol 2001, 11:1631-1635.
233. Kanai F, Liu H, Field S, et al. The PX domains of p47phox and p40phox bind to lipid products of PI(3)K. Nat Cell Biol 2001, 3:675-678.
234. McPherson P, Kay B, Hussain N Signaling on the endocytic pathway. Traffic 2001, 2:375-384.
235. Matute JD, Arias AA, Dinauer MC, Patiño PJ p40phox: the last NADPH oxidase subunit. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005, 35:291-302.
236. Bissonnette SA, Glazier CM, Stewart MQ, et al. PtdIns(3)P-dependent and independent functions of p40phox in activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:2108-2119.
237. Li XJ, Marchal CC, Stull ND, et al. p47phox Phox homology domain regulates plasma membrane but not phagosome neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:35169-35179.
238. Ellson CD, Gobert-Gosse S, Anderson KE, et al. PtdIns(3)P regulates the neutrophil oxidase complex by binding to the PX domain of p40(phox). Nat Cell Biol 2001, 3:679-682.
239. Matute JD, Arias AA, Wright NAM, et al. A new genetic subgroup of chronic granulomatous disease with autosomal recessive mutations in p40phox and selective defects in neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity. Blood 2009, 114:3309-3315.
240. Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet 2007, 39:596-604.
241. Roberts RL, Hollis-Moffatt JE, Gearry RB, et al. Confirmation of association of IRGM and NCF4 with ileal Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort. Genes Immun 2008, 9:561-565.
242. Quinn MT, Evans T, Loetterle LR, et al. Translocation of Rac correlates with NADPH oxidase activation. Evidence for equimolar translocation of oxidase components. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:20983-20987.
243. Abo A, Webb MR, Grogan A, Segal AW Activation of NADPH oxidase involves the dissociation of p21 rac from its inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein (rhoGDI) followed by its translocation to the plasma membrane. Biochem J 1994, 298(pt 3):585-591.
244. Heyworth PG, Bohl BP, Bokoch GM, Curnutte JT Rac translocates independently of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase components p47 phox and p67 phox. Evidence for its interaction with flavocytochrome b558. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:30749-30752.
245. Bokoch GM, Zhao T Regulation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase by rac GTPase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006, 8:1533-1548.
246. Sarfstein R, Gorzalczany Y, Mizrahi A, et al. Dual role of rac in the assembly of NADPH oxidase: tethering to the membrane and activation of p67 phox. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:16007-16016.
247. Kao YY, Gianni D, Bohl B, et al. Identification of a conserved Rac-binding site on NADPH oxidases supports a direct GTPase regulatory mechanism. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:12736-12746.
248. Miyano K, Sumimoto H Assessment of the role for Rho family GTPases in NADPH oxidase activation. Methods Mol Biol 2012, 827:195-212.
249. Cohen HJ, Chovaniec ME Superoxide production by digitonin-stimulated guinea pig granulocytes. J Clin Invest 1978, 61:1088-1096.
250. Jandl RC, André-Schwartz J, Borges-DuBois L, et al. Termination of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1978, 61:1176-1185.
251. Suh YA, Arnold RS, Lassegue B, et al. Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1. Nature 1999, 401:79-82.
252. Lambeth JD NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen. Nat Rev Immunol 2004, 4:181-189.
253. Bedard K, Krause KH The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2007, 87:245-313.
254. Leto TL, Geiszt M Role of Nox family NADPH oxidases in host defense. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006, 8:1549-1561.
255. Lambeth JD, Cheng G, Arnold RS, Edens WA Novel homologs of gp91phox. Trends Biochem Sci 2000, 25:459-461.
256. Aguirre J, Lambeth JD Nox enzymes from fungus to fly to fish and what they tell us about nox function in mammals. Free Rad Biol Med 2010, 49:1342-1353.
257. Corcionivoschi N, Alvarez LA, Sharp TH, et al. Mucosal reactive oxygen species decrease virulence by disrupting Campylobacter jejuni phosphotyrosine signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2012, 12:47-59.
258. Papp D, Csermely P, Soti C A role for SKN-1/Nrf in pathogen resistance and immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Pathog 2012, 8:e1002673.
259. Ha EM, Oh CT, Ryu JH, et al. An antioxidant system required for host protection against gut infection in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2005, 8:125-132.
260. Leoni G, Alam A, Neumann PA, et al. Annexin A1, formyl peptide receptor, and NOX1 orchestrate epithelial repair. J Clin Invest 2013, 123:443-454.
261. Lacy P, Eitzen G Control of granule exocytosis in neutrophils. Front Biosci 2008, 13:5559-5570.
262. Tapper H The secretion of preformed granules by macrophages and neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 1996, 59:613-622.
263. Nüsse O, Serrander L, Lew DP, Krause KH Ca2+-induced exocytosis in individual human neutrophils: high- and low-affinity granule populations and submaximal responses. EMBO J 1998, 17:1279-1288.
264. Nüsse O, Serrander L, Foyouzi-Youssefi R, et al. Store-operated Ca2+ influx and stimulation of exocytosis in HL-60 granulocytes. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:28360-28363.
265. Jog NR, Rane MJ, Lominadze G, et al. The actin cytoskeleton regulates exocytosis of all neutrophil granule subsets. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007, 292:C1690-C1700.
266. Stevenson KB, Clark RA, Nauseef WM Fodrin and band 4.1 in a plasma membrane-associated fraction of human neutrophils. Blood 1989, 74:2136-2143.
267. Mitchell T, Lo A, Logan MR, et al. Primary granule exocytosis in human neutrophils is regulated by Rac-dependent actin remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008, 295:C1354-C1365.
268. Abdel-Latif D, Steward M, Macdonald DL, et al. Rac2 is critical for neutrophil primary granule exocytosis. Blood 2004, 104:832-839.
269. Catz SD Regulation of vesicular trafficking and leukocyte function by Rab27 GTPases and their effectors. J Leukoc Biol 2013, 94:613-622.
270. Johnson JL, Monfregola J, Napolitano G, et al. Vesicular trafficking through cortical actin during exocytosis is regulated by the Rab27a effector JFC1/Slp1 and the RhoA-GTPase-activating protein Gem-interacting protein. Mol Biol Cell 2012, 23:1902-1916.
271. Maridonneau-Parini I, Yang CZ, Bornens M, Goud B Increase in the expression of a family of small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, Rab proteins, during phagocyte differentiation. J Clin Invest 1991, 87:901-907.
272. Herrero-Turrión MJ, Calafat J, Janssen H, et al. Rab27a regulates exocytosis of tertiary and specific granules in human neutrophils. J Immunol 2008, 181:3793-3803.
273. Munafo DB, Johnson JL, Ellis BA, et al. Rab27a is a key component of the secretory machinery of azurophilic granules in granulocytes. Biochem J 2007, 402:229-239.
274. Brzezinska AA, Johnson JL, Munafo DB, et al. The Rab27a effectors JFC1/Slp1 and Munc13-4 regulate exocytosis of neutrophil granules. Traffic 2008, 9:2151-2164.
275. Aunis D, Bader MF The cytoskeleton as a barrier to exocytosis in secretory cells. J Exp Biol 1988, 139:253-266.
276. Boyles J, Bainton DF Changes in plasma-membrane-associated filaments during endocytosis and exocytosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cell 1981, 24:905-914.
277. Thelen M, Rosen A, Nairn AC, Aderem A Tumor necrosis factor α modifies agonist-dependent responses in human neutrophils by inducing the synthesis and myristoylation of a specific protein kinase C substrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:5603-5607.
278. Takashi S, Park J, Fang S, et al. A peptide against the N-terminus of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate inhibits degranulation of human leukocytes in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006, 34:647-652.
279. Rosales JE, Ernst JD Calcium-dependent neutrophil secretion: characterization and regulation by annexins. J Immunol 1997, 159:6195-6202.
280. Mollinedo F, Calafat J, Janssen H, et al. Combinatorial SNARE complexes modulate the secretion of granules in human neutrophils. J Immunol 2006, 177:2831-2841.
281. Blackwood RA, Smolen JE, Tranoue A, et al. Phospholipase D activity facilitates Ca2+-induced aggregation and fusion of complex liposomes. Am J Physiol 1997, 242(4 pt 1):C1279-C1285.
282. Káldi K, Szeberényi J, Rada BK, et al. Contribution of phospholipase D and a brefeldin A-sensitive ARF to chemoattractant-induced superoxide production and secretion of human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2002, 71:695-700.
283. Kruger JM, Fukushima T, Cherepanov V, et al. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase MEG2 is expressed in human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:2620-2628.
284. Luster AD, Alon R, von Andrian UH Immune cell migration in inflammation: present and future therapeutic targets. Nat Immunol 2005, 6:1182-1190.
285. Dean RA, Cox JH, Bellac CL, et al. Macrophage-specific metalloelastase (MMP-12) truncates and inactivates ELR+ CXC chemokines and generates CCL2, -7, -8, and -13 antagonists: potential role of the macrophage in terminating polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx. Blood 2008, 112:3455-3464.
286. McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Tam EM, et al. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Science 2000, 289:1202-1206.
287. Greenberg PL, Nichols WC, Schrier SL Granulopoiesis in acute myeloid leukemia and preleukemia. N Engl J Med 1971, 284:1225-1232.
288. Rickard KA, Morley A, Howard D, Stohlman F The in vitro colony-forming cell and the response to neutropenia. Blood 1971, 37:6-13.
289. Weinmann P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Forlow SB, et al. A role for apoptosis in the control of neutrophil homeostasis in the circulation: insights from CD18-deficient mice. Blood 2003, 101:739-746.
290. Savill JS, Henson PM, Haslett C Phagocytosis of aged human neutrophils by macrophages is mediated by a novel "charge-sensitive" recognition mechanism. J Clin Invest 1989, 84:1518-1527.
291. Savill JS, Wyllie AH, Henson JE, et al. Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation. Programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages. J Clin Invest 1989, 83:865-875.
292. Fliedner TM, Cronkite EP, Robertson JS Granulocytopoiesis. I. Senescence and random loss of neutrophilic granulocytes in human beings. Blood 1964, 24:402-414.
293. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Somerville GA, et al. An apoptosis-differentiation program in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes facilitates resolution of inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2003, 73:315-322.
294. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Whitney AR, DeLeo FR Spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and regulation of cell survival by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 78:1408-1418.
295. Whyte MK, Meagher LC, MacDermot J, Haslett C Impairment of function in aging neutrophils is associated with apoptosis. J Immunol 1993, 150:5124-5134.
296. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Buhl CL, et al. Global changes in gene expression by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes during receptor-mediated phagocytosis: cell fate is regulated at the level of gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:6901-6906.
297. Lucas M, Stuart LM, Zhang A, et al. Requirements for apoptotic cell contact in regulation of macrophage responses. J Immunol 2006, 177:4047-4054.
298. Kamohara H, Matsuyama W, Shimozato O, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptor expression in human neutrophils. Immunology 2004, 111:186-194.
299. Renshaw SA, Parmar JS, Singleton V, et al. Acceleration of human neutrophil apoptosis by TRAIL. J Immunol 2003, 170:1027-1033.
300. Murray J, Barbara JA, Dunkley SA, et al. Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha: requirement for TNFR55 and TNFR75 for induction of apoptosis in vitro. Blood 1997, 90:2772-2783.
301. DeLeo FR Modulation of phagocyte apoptosis by bacterial pathogens. Apoptosis 2004, 9:399-413.
302. Kobayashi SD, Rigby KR, DeLeo FR Bacteria-induced host cell death. Bacterial Pathogenesis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism 2012, Vol 1:317-362. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, England.
303. Kennedy AD, DeLeo FR Neutrophil apoptosis and the resolution of infection. Immunol Res 2009, 43:25-61.
304. Geering B, Simon HU Peculiarities of cell death mechanisms in neutrophils. Cell Death Differ 2011, 18:1457-1469.
305. Villunger A, Scott C, Bouillet P, Strasser A Essential role for the BH3-only protein Bim but redundant roles for Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-w in the control of granulocyte survival. Blood 2003, 101:2393-2400.
306. Moulding DA, Akgul C, Derouet M, et al. BCL-2 family expression in human neutrophils during delayed and accelerated apoptosis. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 70:783-792.
307. Yamamoto A, Taniuchi S, Tsuji S, et al. Role of reactive oxygen species in neutrophil apoptosis following ingestion of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Exp Immunol 2002, 129:479-484.
308. Ottonello L, Frumento G, Arduino N, et al. Differential regulation of spontaneous and immune complex-induced neutrophil apoptosis by proinflammatory cytokines. Role of oxidants, Bax and caspase-3. J Leukoc Biol 2002, 72:125-132.
309. Fossati G, Moulding DA, Spiller DG, et al. The mitochondrial network of human neutrophils: role in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activation, and commitment to apoptosis. J Immunol 2003, 170:1964-1972.
310. van den Berg JM, Weyer S, Weening JJ, et al. Divergent effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on apoptosis of human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69:467-473.
311. Brown JR, Goldblatt D, Buddle J, et al. Diminished production of anti-inflammatory mediators during neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). J Leukoc Biol 2003, 73:591-599.
312. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Braughton KR, DeLeo FR Down-regulation of proinflammatory capacity during apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol 2003, 170:3357-3368.
313. Coxon A, Rieu P, Barkalow FJ, et al. A novel role for the beta 2 integrin CD11b/CD18 in neutrophil apoptosis: a homeostatic mechanism in inflammation. Immunity 1996, 5:653-666.
314. Kobayashi SD, Braughton KR, Whitney AR, et al. Bacterial pathogens modulate an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:10948-10953.
315. Watson RW, Redmond HP, Wang JH, et al. Neutrophils undergo apoptosis following ingestion of Escherichia coli. J Immunol 1996, 156:3986-3992.
316. Perskvist N, Long M, Stendahl O, Zheng L Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes apoptosis in human neutrophils by activating caspase-3 and altering expression of Bax/Bcl-xL via an oxygen-dependent pathway. J Immunol 2002, 168:6358-6365.
317. Matsuda T, Saito H, Inoue T, et al. Ratio of bacteria to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) determines PMN fate. Shock 1999, 12:365-372.
318. Gamberale R, Giordano M, Trevani AS, et al. Modulation of human neutrophil apoptosis by immune complexes. J Immunol 1998, 161:3666-3674.
319. Zhang B, Hirahashi J, Cullere X, Mayadas TN Elucidation of molecular events leading to neutrophil apoptosis following phagocytosis: cross-talk between caspase 8, reactive oxygen species, and MAPK/ERK activation. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:28443-28454.
320. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Braughton KR, et al. Gene expression profiling provides insight into the pathophysiology of chronic granulomatous disease. J Immunol 2004, 172:636-643.
321. Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P, et al. Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death Differ 2009, 16:3-11.
322. Chen SM, Dumler JS, Bakken JS, Walker DH Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:589-595.
323. Webster P, Ijdo JW, Chicoine LM, Fikrig E The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis resides in an endosomal compartment. J Clin Invest 1998, 101:1932-1941.
324. Herron MJ, Nelson CM, Larson J, et al. Intracellular parasitism by the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis bacterium through the P-selectin ligand, PSGL-1. Science 2000, 288:1653-1656.
325. Yoshiie K, Kim HY, Mott J, Rikihisa Y Intracellular infection by the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis. Infect Immun 2000, 68:1125-1133.
326. van Zandbergen G, Klinger M, Mueller A, et al. Cutting edge: neutrophil granulocyte serves as a vector for Leishmania entry into macrophages. J Immunol 2004, 173:6521-6525.
327. Rogers DE Observations on the nature of staphylococcal infections. Bull N Y Acad Med 1959, 35:25-38.
328. Gresham HD, Lowrance JH, Caver TE, et al. Survival of Staphylococcus aureus inside neutrophils contributes to infection. J Immunol 2000, 164:3713-3722.
329. Thwaites GE, Gant V Are bloodstream leukocytes Trojan Horses for the metastasis of Staphylococcus aureus?. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011, 9:215-222.
330. Rogers DE, Tompsett R The survival of staphylococci within human leukocytes. J Exp Med 1952, 95:209-230.
331. Voyich JM, Braughton KR, Sturdevant DE, et al. Insights into mechanisms used by Staphylococcus aureus to avoid destruction by human neutrophils. J Immunol 2005, 175:3907-3919.
332. Rigby KM, DeLeo FR Neutrophils in innate host defense against Staphylococcus aureus infections. Semin Immunopathol 2012, 34:237-259.
333. Pang YY, Schwartz J, Thoendel M, et al. agr-Dependent interactions of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Innate Immun 2010, 2:546-559.
334. Kobayashi SD, Braughton KR, Palazzolo-Ballance AM, et al. Rapid neutrophil destruction following phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun 2010, 2:560-575.
335. Ariel A, Serhan CN Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammation. Trends Immunol 2007, 28:176-183.
336. Hurst JK What really happens in the neutrophil phagosome?. Free Radic Biol Med 2012, 53:508-520.
337. Winterbourn CC, Hampton MB, Livesey JH, Kettle AJ Modeling the reactions of superoxide and myeloperoxidase in the neutrophil phagosome. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:39860-39869.
338. Hirche TO, Gaut JP, Heinecke JW, Belaaouaj A Myeloperoxidase plays critical roles in killing Klebsiella pneumoniae and inactivating neutrophil elastase: effects on host defense. J Immunol 2005, 174:1557-1565.
339. Shao B, Belaaouaj A, Verlinde CL, et al. Methionine sulfoxide and proteolytic cleavage contribute to the inactivation of cathepsin G by hypochlorous acid. An oxidative mechanism for regulation of serine proteinases by myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:29311-29321.
340. Weiss JP, Bayer AS, Yeaman M Cellular and extracellular defenses against staphylococcal infections. Gram-Positive Pathogens 2006, Vol 2:431-441. American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC.
341. Weinrauch Y, Abad C, Liang NS, et al. Mobilization of potent plasma bactericidal activity during systemic bacteria challenge. J Clin Invest 1998, 102:633-638.
342. Femling JK, Nauseef WM, Weiss JP Synergy between extracellular Group IIA phospholipase A2 and phagocyte NADPH oxidase in digestion of phospholipids of Staphylococcus aureus ingested by human neutrophils. J Immunol 2005, 175:4653-4661.
343. Klebanoff SJ Myeloperoxidase: contribution to the microbicidal activity of intact leukocytes. Science 1970, 169:1095-1097.
344. Klebanoff SJ Myeloperoxidase-halide-hydrogen peroxide antibacterial system. J Bact 1968, 95:2131-2138.
345. Painter RG, Wang G Direct measurement of free chloride concentrations in the phagolysosomes of human neutrophils. Anal Chem 2006, 78:3133-3137.
346. Painter RG, Valentine VG, Lanson NA, et al. CFTR expression in human neutrophils and the phagolysosomal chlorination defect in cystic fibrosis. Biochemistry 2006, 45:10260-10269.
347. Aiken ML, Painter RG, Zhou Y, Wang G Chloride transport in functionally active phagosomes isolated from human neutrophils. Free Radic Biol Med 2012, 53:2308-2317.
348. Painter RG, Marrero L, Lombard GA, et al. CFTR-mediated halide transport in phagosomes of human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 87:933-942.
349. Painter RG, Bonvillain RW, Valentine VG, et al. The role of chloride anion and CFTR in killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by normal and CF neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2008, 83:1345-1353.
350. Thomas EL, Jefferson MM, Grisham MB Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed incorporation of amines into proteins: role of hypochlorous acid and dichloramines. Biochemistry 1982, 21:6299-6308.
351. Thomas EL Myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride antimicrobial system: effect of exogenous amines on antibacterial action against Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1979, 25:110-116.
352. Thomas EL, Learn DB Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride and other halides: the role of chloramines. Peroxidases in Chemistry and Biology 1990, Vol 1:83-104. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
353. Chapman ALP, Hampton MB, Senthilmohan R, et al. Chlorination of bacterial and neutrophil proteins during phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:9757-9762.
354. Rosen H, Crowley JR, Heinecke JW Human neutrophils use the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to chlorinate but not nitrate bacterial proteins during phagocytosis. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:30463-30468.
355. Segal AW, Garcia RC, Harper AM Iodination by stimulated human neutrophils. Biochem J 1983, 210:215-225.
356. Rosen H, Michel BR, VanDevanter DR, Hughes JP Differential effects of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants on Escherichia coli DNA replication. Infect Immun 1998, 66:2655-2659.
357. Rosen H, Orman J, Rakita RM, et al. Loss of DNA-membrane interactions and cessation of DNA synthesis in myeloperoxidase-treated Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:10048-10052.
358. Rakita RM, Rosen H Penicillin-binding protein inactivation by human neutrophil myeloperoxidase. J Clin Invest 1991, 88:750-754.
359. Hurst JK, Barrette WC, Michel BR, Rosen H Hypochlorous acid and myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of iron-sulfur clusters in bacterial respiratory dehydrogenases. Eur J Biochem 1991, 202:1275-1282.
360. Winter J, Ilbert M, Graf PCF, et al. Bleach activates a redox-regulated chaperone by oxidative protein unfolding. Cell 2008, 135:691-701.
361. Rosen H, Klebanoff SJ Oxidation of microbial iron-sulfur centers by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antimicrobial system. Infect Immun 1985, 47:613-618.
362. Nicholls SJ, Hazen SL Myeloperoxidase, modified lipoproteins, and atherogenesis. J Lipid Res 2009, 50(suppl):S346-S351.
363. Nussbaum C, Klinke A, Adam M, et al. Myeloperoxidase-a leukocyte-derived protagonist of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013, 18:692-713.
364. Shao B, Pennathur S, Heinecke JW Myeloperoxidase targets apolipoprotein A01, the major high density lipoprotein protein, for site-specific oxidation in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Biol Chem 2012, 287:6375-6386.
365. Stamp LK, Khalilova I, Tarr JN, et al. Myeloperoxidase and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012, 51:1796-1803.
366. Mandell GL Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro and in vivo studies with emphasis on staphylococcal-leukocyte interaction. J Clin Invest 1975, 55:561-566.
367. Kettle AJ, Maroz A, Woodroffe G, et al. Spectral and kinetic evidence for reaction of superoxide with compound I of myeloperoxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2011, 51:2190-2194.
368. Kettle AJ, Anderson RF, Hampton MB, Winterbourn CC Reactions of superoxide with myeloperoxidase. Biochemistry 2007, 46:4888-4897.
369. Rosen H, Klebanoff SJ, Wang Y, et al. Methionine oxidation contributes to bacterial killing by the myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:18686-18691.
370. Rosen GM, Pou S, Ramos CL, et al. Free radicals and phagocytic cells. FASEB J 1995, 9:200-209.
371. Ramos CL, Pou S, Britigan BE, et al. Spin trapping evidence for myeloperoxidase-dependent hydroxyl radical formation by human neutrophils and monocytes. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:8307-8312.
372. Pou S, Cohen MS, Britigan BE, Rosen GM Spin-trapping and human neutrophils. Limits of detection of hydroxyl radical. J Biol Chem 1989, 264:12299-12302.
373. Lehrer RI, Lu W α-Defensins in human innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2012, 245:84-112.
374. Lehrer RI, Ganz T Defensins of vertebrate animals. Curr Opin Immunol 2002, 14:96-102.
375. Levy O Antimicrobial proteins and peptides: anti-infective molecules of mammalian leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 76:909-925.
376. Ooi CE, Weiss J, Doerfler ME, Elsbach P Endotoxin-neutralizing properties of the 25ÊkD N-terminal fragment and a newly isolated 30ÊkD C-terminal fragment of the 55-60ÊkD bactericidal/permability-increasing protein of human neutrophils. J Exp Med 1991, 174:649-655.
377. Capodici C, Weiss J Both N- and C-terminal regions of the bioactive N-terminal fragment of the neutrophil granule bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein are required for stability and function. J Immunol 1996, 156:4789-4796.
378. Weiss J, Elsbach P, Shu C, et al. Human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and a recombinant NH2-terminal fragment cause killing of serum-resistant gram-negative bacteria in whole blood and inhibit tumor necrosis factor release induced by the bacteria. J Clin Invest 1992, 90:1122-1130.
379. Schultz H, Weiss J The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in infection and inflammatory disease. Clin Chim Acta 2007, 384:12-23.
380. Weiss J Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP): structure, function and regulation in host defense against gram-negative bacteria. Biochem Soc 2003, 31(pt 4):785-790.
381. Tobias PS, Soldau K, Iovine NM, et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding proteins BPI and LBP form different types of complexes with LPS. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:18682-18685.
382. Oram JD, Reiter B Inhibition of bacteria by lactoferrin and other iron-chelating agents. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968, 170:351-365.
383. Boxer LA, Coates TD, Haak RA, et al. Lactoferrin deficiency associated with altered granulocyte function. N Engl J Med 1982, 307:404-410.
384. Broxmeyer HE, Smithyman A, Eger RR, et al. Identification of lactoferrin as the granulocyte-derived inhibitor of colony-stimulating activity production. J Exp Med 1978, 148:1052-1067.
385. Kijlstra A, Jeurissen SH Modulation of classical C3 convertase of complement by tear lactoferrin. Immunology 1982, 47:263-270.
386. Cho S, Wang Q, Swaminathan CP, et al. Structural insights into the bactericidal mechanism of human peptidoglycan recognition proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104:8761-8766.
387. Cho JH, Fraser IP, Fukase K, et al. Human peptidoglycan recognition protein S is an effector of neutrophil-mediated innate immunity. Blood 2005, 106:2551-2558.
388. Kjeldsen L, Johnsen AH, Sengeløv H, Borregaard N Isolation and primary structure of NGAL, a novel protein associated with human neutrophil gelatinase. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:10425-10432.
389. Flo TH, Smith KD, Sato S, et al. Lipocalin 2 mediates an innate immune response to bacterial infection by sequestrating iron. Nature 2004, 432:917-921.
390. Zanetti M, Gennaro R, Romeo D Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain. FEBS Letters 1995, 374:1-5.
391. Zanetti M The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2005, 7:179-196.
392. Lehrer RI, Ganz T Cathelicidins: a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. Curr Opin Hematol 2002, 9:18-22.
393. Cowland JB, Johnsen AH, Borregaard N hCAP-18, a cathelin/pro-bactenecin-like protein of human neutrophil specific granules. FEBS Letters 1995, 368:173-176.
394. Borregaard N, Sorensen OE, Theilgaard-Mönch K Neutrophil granules: a library of innate immunity proteins. Trends Immunol 2007, 28:340-345.
395. Borregaard N, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Cowland JB, Ståhl M Neutrophils and keratinocytes in innate immunity-cooperative actions to provide antimicrobial defense at the right time and place. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 77:439-443.
396. Lehrer RI, Ganz T, Selsted ME Defensins: endogenous antibiotic peptides of animal cells. Cell 1991, 64:229-230.
397. Lehrer RI, Lichtenstein AK, Ganz T Defensins: antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides of mammalian cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1993, 11:105-128.
398. Faurschou M, Kamp S, Cowland JB, et al. Prodefensins are matrix proteins of specific granules in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 78:785-793.
399. Ganz T Gut defence. Nature 2003, 422:478-479.
400. Valore EV, Park CH, Quayle AJ, et al. Human β-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues. J Clin Invest 1998, 101:1633-1642.
401. Hoffmann JA, Hetru C Insect defensins: inducible antibacterial peptides. Immunol Today 1992, 13:411-415.
402. Tongaonkar P, Golji AE, Tran P, et al. High fidelity processing and activation of the human alpha-defensin HNP1 precursor by neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3. PLoS One 2012, 7:e32469.
403. Hill CP, Yee J, Selsted ME, Eisenberg D Crystal structure of defensin HNP-3, an amphiphilic dimer: mechanisms of membrane permeabilization. Science 1991, 251:1481-1485.
404. Zhang XL, Selsted ME, Pardi A NMR studies of defensin antimicrobial peptides. 1. Resonance assignment and secondary structure determination of rabbit NP-2 and human HNP-1. Biochemistry 1992, 31:11348-11356.
405. Pardi A, Zhang XL, Selsted ME, et al. NMR studies of defensin antimicrobial peptides. 2. Three-dimensional structures of rabbit NP-2 and human HNP-1. Biochemistry 1992, 31:11357-11364.
406. Levy O, Weiss J, Zarember K, et al. Antibacterial 15-kDa protein isoforms (p15s) are members of a novel family of leukocyte proteins. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:6058-6063.
407. Campanelli D, Detmers PA, Nathan CF, Gabay JE Azurocidin and a homologous serine protease from neutrophils. Differential antimicrobial and proteolytic properties. J Clin Invest 1990, 85:904-915.
408. Selsted ME, Novotny MJ, Morris WL, et al. Indolicidin, a novel bactericidal tridecapeptide amide from neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:4292-4295.
409. Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science 2004, 303:1532-1535.
410. Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A Neutrophil extracellular traps: is immunity the second function of chromatin?. J Cell Biol 2012, 198:773-783.
411. McDonald B, Urrutia R, Yipp BG, et al. Intravascular neutrophil extracellular traps capture bacteria from the bloodstream during sepsis. Cell Host Microbe 2012, 12:324-333.
412. Yipp BG, Petri B, Salina D, et al. Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo. Nat Med 2012, 18:1386-1393.
413. Yousefi S, Mihalache C, Kozlowski E, et al. Viable neutrophils release mitochondrial DNA to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Death Differ 2009, 16:1438-1444.
414. Papayannopoulos V, Metzler KD, Hakkim A, Zychlinsky A Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol 2010, 191:677-691.
415. Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, et al. Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol 2007, 176:231-241.
416. Urban CF, Ermert D, Schmid M, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps contain calprotectin, a cytosolic protein complex involved in host defense against Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog 2009, 5:e1000639.
417. Urban CF, Reichard U, Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms. Cell Microbiol 2006, 8:668-676.
418. Menegazzi R, Decleva E, Dri P Killing by neutrophil extracellular traps: fact or folklore?. Blood 2012, 119:1214-1216.
419. Parker H, Albrett AM, Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC Myeloperoxidase associated with neutrophil extracellular traps is active and mediates bacterial killing in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. J Leukoc Biol 2012, 91:369-376.
420. Lu T, Kobayashi SD, Quinn MT, Deleo FR A NET Outcome. Front Immunol 2012, 3:365.
421. Demers M, Krause DS, Schatzberg D, et al. Cancers predispose neutrophils to release extracellular DNA traps that contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109:13076-13081.
422. Hakkim A, Furnrohr BG, Amann K, et al. Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:9813-9818.
423. Clark SR, Ma AC, Tavener SA, et al. Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood. Nat Med 2007, 13:463-469.
424. Yousefi S, Gold JA, Andina N, et al. Catapult-like release of mitochondrial DNA by eosinophils contributes to antibacterial defense. Nat Med 2008, 14:949-953.
425. Casadevall A, Pirofski LA Host-pathogen interactions: basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease. Infect Immun 2000, 68:6511-6518.
426. Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR Role of neutrophils in innate immunity: a systems biology-level approach. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2009, 1:309-333.
427. Schwartz JT, Bandyopadhyay S, Kobayashi SD, et al. Francisella tularensis alters human neutrophil gene expression: insights into the molecular basis of delayed neutrophil apoptosis. J Innate Immun 2013, 5:124-136.
428. Zhang X, Kluger Y, Nakayama Y, et al. Gene expression in mature neutrophils: early responses to inflammatory stimuli. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 75:358-372.
429. Borjesson DL, Kobayashi SD, Whitney AR, et al. Insights into pathogen immune evasion mechanisms: Anaplasma phagocytophilum fails to induce an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils. J Immunol 2005, 174:6364-6372.
430. Voyich JM, Sturdevant DE, Braughton KR, et al. Genome-wide protective response used by group A Streptococcus to evade destruction by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:1996-2001.
431. Palazzolo-Ballance AM, Reniere ML, Braughton KR, et al. Neutrophil microbicides induce a pathogen survival response in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol 2008, 180:500-509.
432. Voyich JM, Braughton KR, Sturdevant DE, et al. Engagement of the pathogen survival response used by group A Streptococcus to avert destruction by innate host defense. J Immunol 2004, 173:1194-1201.
433. Staudinger BJ, Oberdoerster MA, Lewis PJ, Rosen H mRNA expression profiles for Escherichia coli ingested by normal and phagocyte oxidase-deficient human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:1151-1163.
434. Marketon MM, DePaolo RW, DeBord KL, et al. Plague bacteria target immune cells during infection. Science 2005, 309:1739-1741.
435. Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR Host-pathogen interactions. Genomic and Personalized Medicine 2013, Vol 1:1106-1118. Elsevier, New York.
436. Rosenberger CM, Finlay BB Phagocyte sabotage: disruption of macrophage signalling by bacterial pathogens. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003, 4:385-396.
437. Theriot JA The cell biology of infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1995, 11:213-239.
438. Finlay BB, Cossart P Exploitation of mammalian host cell functions by bacterial pathogens. Science 1997, 276:718-725.
439. Guiney DG Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. J Clin Invest 1997, 99:565-569.
440. Valdivia RH, Falkow S Probing bacterial gene expression within host cells. Trends Microbiol 1997, 5:360-363.
441. Foster TJ Immune evasion by staphylococci. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005, 3:948-958.
442. Virji M, Makepeace K, Ferguson DJ, Watt SM Carcinoembryonic antigens (CD66) on epithelial cells and neutrophils are receptors for Opa proteins of pathogenic neisseriae. Mol Microbiol 1996, 22:941-950.
443. Viboud GI, Bliska JB Yersinia outer proteins: role in modulation of host cell signaling responses and pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2005, 59:69-89.
444. Monack DM, Mecsas J, Ghori N, Falkow S Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis and YopJ is necessary for this cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94:10385-10390.
445. Yang Z, Delgado R, Xu L, et al. Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins. Science 1998, 279:1034-1037.
446. Staali L, Morgelin M, Bjorck L, Tapper H Streptococcus pyogenes expressing M and M-like surface proteins are phagocytosed but survive inside human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2003, 5:253-265.
447. Carlyon JA, Fikrig E Mechanisms of evasion of neutrophil killing by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Curr Opin Hematol 2006, 13:28-33.
448. McCaffrey RL, Schwartz JT, Lindemann SR, et al. Multiple mechanisms of NADPH oxidase inhibition by type A and type B Francisella tularensis. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 88:791-805.
449. Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Foster PS Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2013, 13:9-22.
450. Rothenberg ME, Hogan SP The eosinophil. Annu Rev Immunol 2006, 24:147-174.
451. Akuthota P, Wang HB, Spencer LA, Weller PF Immunoregulatory roles of eosinophils: a new look at a familiar cell. Clin Exp Allergy 2008, 38:1254-1263.
452. Spry CJ Mechanism of eosinophilia. V. Kinetics of normal and accelerated eosinopoiesis. Cell Tissue Kinet 1971, 4:351-364.
453. Muniz VS, Weller PF, Neves JS Eosinophil crystalloid granules: structure, function, and beyond. J Leukoc Biol 2012, 92:281-288.
454. Melo RC, Spencer LA, Dvorak AM, Weller PF Mechanisms of eosinophil secretion: large vesiculotubular carriers mediate transport and release of granule-derived cytokines and other proteins. J Leukoc Biol 2008, 83:229-236.
455. Mahmudi-Azer S, Odemuyiwa SO, Moqbel R Intelligent granules: are eosinophil crystalloid granules inimitable?. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 126:28-30.
456. Hogan SP, Rosenberg HF, Moqbel R, et al. Eosinophils: biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2008, 38:709-750.
457. Neves JS, Perez SA, Spencer LA, et al. Subcellular fractionation of human eosinophils: isolation of functional specific granules on isoosmotic density gradients. J Immunol Methods 2009, 344:64-72.
458. Henderson WR, Chi EY, Albert RK, et al. Blockade of CD49d (alpha4 integrin) on intrapulmonary but not circulating leukocytes inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:3083-3092.
459. Kitayama J, Mackay CR, Ponath PD, Springer TA The C-C chemokine receptor CCR3 participates in stimulation of eosinophil arrest on inflammatory endothelium in shear flow. J Clin Invest 1998, 101:2017-2024.
460. Sriramarao P, von Andrian UH, Butcher EC, et al. L-selectin and very late antigen-4 integrin promote eosinophil rolling at physiological shear rates in vivo. J Immunol 1994, 153:4238-4246.
461. Nourshargh S Mechanisms of neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in vivo. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993, 148(6 pt 2):S60-S64.
462. Henriques GM, Miotla JM, Cordeiro SB, et al. Selectins mediate eosinophil recruitment in vivo: a comparison with their role in neutrophil influx. Blood 1996, 87:5297-5304.
463. Wardlaw AJ, Walsh GM, Symon FA Adhesion interactions involved in eosinophil migration through vascular endothelium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996, 796:124-137.
464. Dobrina A, Menegazzi R, Carlos TM, et al. Mechanisms of eosinophil adherence to cultured vascular endothelial cells. Eosinophils bind to the cytokine-induced ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via the very late activation antigen-4 integrin receptor. J Clin Invest 1991, 88:20-26.
465. Mahmoud AA, Warren KS, Peters PA A role for the eosinophil in acquired resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection as determined by antieosinophil serum. J Exp Med 1975, 142:805-813.
466. David JR, Vadas MA, Butterworth AE, et al. Enhanced helminthotoxic capacity of eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 1980, 303:1147-1152.
467. McLaren DJ, Mackenzie CD, Ramalho-Pinto FJ Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro interaction between rat eosinophils and some parasitic helminths (Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis). Clin Exp Immunol 1977, 30:105-118.
468. Densen P, Mahmoud AA, Sullivan J, et al. Demonstration of eosinophil degranulation on the surface of opsonized schistosomules by phase-contrast cinemicrography. Infect Immun 1978, 22:282-285.
469. Weller PF, Goetzl EJ The human eosinophil: roles in host defense and tissue injury. Am J Pathol 1980, 100:791-820.
470. Rosenberg HF, Domachowske JB Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 70:691-698.
471. Butterworth AE, David JR Eosinophil function. N Engl J Med 1981, 304:154-156.
472. Gleich GJ, Adolphson CR, Leiferman KM The biology of the eosinophilic leukocyte. Annu Rev Med 1993, 44:85-101.
473. Mantovani A, Cassatella MA, Costantini C, Jaillon S Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011, 11:519-531.
474. Summers C, Rankin SM, Condliffe AM, et al. Neutrophil kinetics in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2010, 31:318-324.
475. Borregaard N Neutrophils, from marrow to microbes. Immunity 2010, 33:657-670.
476. Van Haastert PJ, Devreotes PN Chemotaxis: signalling the way forward. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004, 5:626-634.
477. Nordenfelt P, Tapper H Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2011, 90:271-284.
478. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:34-47.
479. Ricklin D, Hajishengallis G, Yang K, Lambris JD Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2010, 11:785-797.
480. Fu H, Karlsson J, Bylund J, et al. Ligand recognition and activation of formyl peptide receptors in neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 79:247-256.
481. Sadik CD, Kim ND, Luster AD Neutrophils cascading their way to inflammation. Trends Immunol 2011, 32:452-460.
482. Thelen M, Stein JV How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance. Nat Immunol 2008, 9:953-959.
483. Bratton DL, Henson PM Neutrophil clearance: when the party is over, clean-up begins. Trends Immunol 2011, 32:350-357.
484. Rankin SM The bone marrow: a site of neutrophil clearance. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 88:241-251.
485. Sundd P, Pospieszalska MK, Ley K Neutrophil rolling at high shear: flattening, catch bond behavior, tethers and slings. Mol Immunol 2013, 55:59-69.
486. Nathan C Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol 2006, 6:173-182.
487. Soehnlein O, Lindbom L Phagocyte partnership during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2010, 10:427-439.
488. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:349-361.
489. Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol 2007, 7:678-689.
490. Phillipson M, Kubes P The neutrophil in vascular inflammation. Nat Med 2011, 17:1381-1390.
491. Abram CL, Lowell CA The ins and outs of leukocyte integrin signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 2009, 27:339-362.
492. Zemans RL, Colgan SP, Downey GP Transepithelial migration of neutrophils: mechanisms and implications for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009, 40:519-535.
493. Goodridge HS, Underhill DM, Touret N Mechanisms of Fc receptor and dectin-1 activation for phagocytosis. Traffic 2012, 13:1062-1071.
494. Amulic B, Cazalet C, Hayes GL, et al. Neutrophil function: from mechanisms to disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2012, 30:459-489.
495. McKenzie SE, Schreiber AD Fc gamma receptors in phagocytes. Curr Opin Hematol 1998, 5:16-21.
496. Sengeløv H Complement receptors in neutrophils. Crit Rev Immunol 1995, 15:107-131.
497. Swanson JA Shaping cups into phagosomes and macropinosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008, 9:639-649.
498. Nauseef WM How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view. Immunol Rev 2007, 219:88-102.
499. Demaurex N, El Chemaly A Physiological roles of voltage-gated proton channels in leukocytes. J Physiol 2010, 588(pt 23):4659-4665.
500. Nauseef WM Nox enzymes in immune cells. Semin Immunopathol 2008, 30:195-208.
501. DeCoursey TE Voltage-gated proton channels find their dream job managing the respiratory burst in phagocytes. Physiology 2010, 25:27-40.
502. Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ Redox reactions and microbial killing in the neutrophil phagosome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013, 18:642-660.
503. Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, et al. Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013, 110:3507-3512.
504. Sumimoto H Structure, regulation, and evolution of Nox-family NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species. FEBS J 2008, 275:3249-3277.
505. Minakami R, Maehara Y, Kamakura S, et al. Membrane phospholipid metabolism during phagocytosis in human neutrophils. Genes Cells 2010, 15:409-424.
506. Ellson CD, Anderson KE, Morgan G, et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate is generated in phagosomal membranes. Curr Biol 2001, 11:1631-1635.
507. Ellson CD, Gobert-Gosse S, Anderson KE, et al. PtdIns(3)P regulates the neutrophil oxidase complex by binding to the PX domain of p40(phox). Nat Cell Biol 2001, 3:679-682.
508. Miyano K, Sumimoto H Assessment of the role for Rho family GTPases in NADPH oxidase activation. Methods Mol Biol 2012, 827:195-212.
509. Bedard K, Krause KH The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2007, 87:245-313.
510. Lacy P, Eitzen G Control of granule exocytosis in neutrophils. Front Biosci 2008, 13:5559-5570.
511. Catz SD Regulation of vesicular trafficking and leukocyte function by Rab27 GTPases and their effectors. J Leukoc Biol 2013, 94:613-622.
512. Herrero-Turrión MJ, Calafat J, Janssen H, et al. Rab27a regulates exocytosis of tertiary and specific granules in human neutrophils. J Immunol 2008, 181:3793-3803.
513. Kobayashi SD, Rigby KR, DeLeo FR Bacteria-induced host cell death. Bacterial Pathogenesis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism 2012, Vol 1:317-362. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, England.
514. Geering B, Simon HU Peculiarities of cell death mechanisms in neutrophils. Cell Death Differ 2011, 18:1457-1469.
515. Hurst JK What really happens in the neutrophil phagosome?. Free Radic Biol Med 2012, 53:508-520.
516. Lehrer RI, Lu W α-Defensins in human innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2012, 245:84-112.
517. Levy O Antimicrobial proteins and peptides: anti-infective molecules of mammalian leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 76:909-925.
518. Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A Neutrophil extracellular traps: is immunity the second function of chromatin?. J Cell Biol 2012, 198:773-783.
519. Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR Role of neutrophils in innate immunity: a systems biology-level approach. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2009, 1:309-333.
520. Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Foster PS Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2013, 13:9-22.
521. Rothenberg ME, Hogan SP The eosinophil. Annu Rev Immunol 2006, 24:147-174.
522. Hogan SP, Rosenberg HF, Moqbel R, et al. Eosinophils: biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2008, 38:709-750.