Stem cell based therapies for age-related macular degeneration: The promises and the challenges

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Volumn 48, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-39

  Nazari, Hossein ^a,d   Zhang, Li ^a,e   Zhu, Danhong ^a   Chader, Gerald J ^a   Falabella, Paulo ^a   Stefanini, Francisco ^a,f   Rowland, Teisha ^b   Clegg, Dennis O ^c   Kashani, Amir H ^a   Hinton, David R ^a   Humayun, Mark S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH   (United States)

^e ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^f FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Age related macular degeneration; Human embryonic stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelium; Induced pluripotent stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelium; Stem cell derived retinal progenitor cell

Indexed keywords

AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION; ARTICLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DRUSEN; ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GENE THERAPY; GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY; GRAFT REJECTION; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOBIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT SAFETY; PHOTORECEPTOR; PHOTORECEPTOR CELL; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA DEGENERATION; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; TISSUE ENGINEERING; UMBILICAL CORD; VISION; WET MACULAR DEGENERATION; CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUE; CYTOLOGY; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PROCEDURES; RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; TRANSPLANTATION;

CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES; EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS; HUMANS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS; RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 84939255375     PISSN: 13509462     EISSN: 18731635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (374)

1. Adamis A.P., Miller J.W., Bernal M.T., D'Amico D.J., Folkman J., Yeo T.K., Yeo K.T. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1994, 118(4):445-450.
2. Afshari F.T., Kwok J.C., Andrews M.R., Blits B., Martin K.R., Faissner A., Ffrench-Constant C., Fawcett J.W. Integrin activation or alpha 9 expression allows retinal pigmented epithelial cell adhesion on Bruch's membrane in wet age-related macular degeneration. Brain 2010, 133(Pt 2):448-464.
3. Aftab U., Jiang C., Tucker B., Kim J.Y., Klassen H., Miljan E., Sinden J., Young M. Growth kinetics and transplantation of human retinal progenitor cells. Exp. Eye Res. 2009, 89(3):301-310.
4. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research, SanGiovanni G.,J.P., Chew E.Y., Clemons T.E., Ferris F.L., Gensler G., Lindblad A.S., Milton R.C., Seddon J.M., Sperduto R.D. The relationship of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E, and C intake with age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 22. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2007, 125(9):1225-1232.
5. Ahmad Z.M., Hughes B.A., Abrams G.W., Mahmoud T.H. Combined posterior chamber intraocular lens, vitrectomy, retisert, and pars plana tube in noninfectious uveitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2012, 130(7):908-913.
6. Aiello L.P., Avery R.L., Arrigg P.G., Keyt B.A., Jampel H.D., Shah S.T., Pasquale L.R., Thieme H., Iwamoto M.A., Park J.E., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N.Engl. J. Med. 1994, 331(22):1480-1487.
7. Akdis C.A., Blaser K. Mechanisms of interleukin-10-mediated immune suppression. Immunology 2001, 103(2):131-136.
8. Algvere P.V., Berglin L., Gouras P., Sheng Y. Transplantation of fetal retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration with subfoveal neovascularization. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 1994, 232(12):707-716.
9. Algvere P.V., Berglin L., Gouras P., Sheng Y., Kopp E.D. Transplantation of RPE in age-related macular degeneration: observations in disciform lesions and dry RPE atrophy. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 1997, 235(3):149-158.
10. Allikmets R., Bergen A.A., Dean M., Guymer R.H., Hageman G.S., Klaver C.C., Stefansson K., Weber B.H., C.International Age-related Macular Degeneration Genetics Geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration and TLR3. N.Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360(21):2252-2254. Author reply 2255-2256.
11. Amae S., Fuse N., Yasumoto K., Sato S., Yajima I., Yamamoto H., Udono T., Durlu Y.K., Tamai M., Takahashi K., Shibahara S. Identification of a novel isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor that is enriched in retinal pigment epithelium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 1998, 247(3):710-715.
12. Ambati J., Fowler B.J. Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration. Neuron 2012, 75(1):26-39.
13. Ambati J., Ambati B.K., Yoo S.H., Ianchulev S., Adamis A.P. Age-related macular degeneration: etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2003, 48(3):257-293.
14. Ambati J., Atkinson J.P., Gelfand B.D. Immunology of age-related macular degeneration. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2013, 13(6):438-451.
15. Amirpour N.F., Karamali F., Rabiee L., Rezaei E., Esfandiari S., Razavi A., Dehghani H., Razmju M., Nasr-Esfahani H., Baharvand H. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal progenitors into retinal cells by Sonic Hedgehog and/or retinal pigmented epithelium and transplantation into the subretinal space of sodium iodate-injected rabbits. Stem Cells Dev. 2012, 21(1):42-53.
16. Amirpour N., Nasr-Esfahani M.H., Esfandiari E., Razavi S., Karamali F. Comparing three methods of co-culture of retinal pigment epithelium with progenitor cells derived human embryonic stem cells. Int. J. Prev. Med. 2013, 4(11):1243-1250.
17. Arai S., Thomas B.B., Seiler M.J., Aramant R.B., Qiu G., Mui C., de Juan E., Sadda S.R. Restoration of visual responses following transplantation of intact retinal sheets in rd mice. Exp. Eye Res. 2004, 79(3):331-341.
18. Araujo Filho A., Salomao S.R., Berezovsky A., Cinoto R.W., Morales P.H., Santos F.R., Belfort R. Prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, ocular disorders and cataract surgery outcomes in low-income elderly from a metropolitan region of Sao Paulo-Brazil. Arq. Bras. Oftalmol. 2008, 71(2):246-253.
19. Arnhold S., Heiduschka P., Klein H., Absenger Y., Basnaoglu S., Kreppel F., Henke-Fahle S., Kochanek S., Bartz-Schmidt K.U., Addicks K., Schraermeyer U. Adenovirally transduced bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into pigment epithelial cells and induce rescue effects in RCS rats. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006, 47(9):4121-4129.
20. Assawachananont J., Mandai M., Okamoto S., Yamada C., Eiraku M., Yonemura S., Sasai Y., Yakahashi M. Transplantation of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D retinal sheets into retinal degenerative mice. Stem Cell Reports 2014, 2(5):662-674.
21. Azab M., Boyer D.S., Bressler N.M., Bressler S.B., Cihelkova I., Hao Y., Immonen I., Lim J.I., Menchini U., Naor J., Potter M.J., Reaves A., Rosenfeld P.J., Slakter J.S., Soucek P., Strong H.A., Wenkstern A., Su X.Y., Yang Y.C., Visudyne G. Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal minimally classic choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: 2-year results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2005, 123(4):448-457. Minimally Classic Choroidal Neovascularization Study.
22. Ben-Shushan E., Thompson J.R., Gudas L.J., Bergman Y. Rex-1, a gene encoding a transcription factor expressed in the early embryo, is regulated via Oct-3/4 and Oct-6 binding to an octamer site and a novel protein, Rox-1, binding to an adjacent site. Mol. Cell. Biol 1998, 18(4):1866-1878.
23. Bharti K., Miller S.S., Arnheiter H. The new paradigm: retinal pigment epithelium cells generated from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. Pigment. Cell. Melanoma Res. 2011, 24(1):21-34.
24. Bharti K., Rao M., Hull S.C., Stroncek D., Brooks B.P., Feigal E., van Meurs J.C., Huang C.A., Miller S.S. Developing cellular therapies for retinal degenerative diseases. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2014, 55(2):1191-1202.
25. Binder S., Krebs I., Hilgers R.D., Abri A., Stolba U., Assadoulina A., Kellner L., Stanzel B.V., Jahn C., Feichtinger H. Outcome of transplantation of autologous retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration: a prospective trial. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45(11):4151-4160.
26. Binder S., Stanzel B.V., Krebs I., Glittenberg C. Transplantation of the RPE in AMD. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2007, 26(5):516-554.
27. Bindewald A., Bird A.C., Dandekar S.S., Dolar-Szczasny J., Dreyhaupt J., Fitzke F.W., Einbock W., Holz F.G., Jorzik J.J., Keilhauer C., Lois N., Mlynski J., Pauleikhoff D., Staurenghi G., Wolf S. Classification of fundus autofluorescence patterns in early age-related macular disease. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005, 46(9):3309-3314.
28. Bix M., Liao N.S., Zijlstra M., Loring J., Jaenisch R., Raulet D. Rejection of class I MHC-deficient haemopoietic cells by irradiated MHC-matched mice. Nature 1991, 349(6307):329-331.
29. Blenkinsop T.A., Corneo B., Temple S., Stern J.H. Ophthalmologic stem cell transplantation therapies. Regen. Med. 2012, 7(6 Suppl.l):32-39.
30. Blenkinsop T.A., Salero E., Stern J.H., Temple S. The culture and maintenance of functional retinal pigment epithelial monolayers from adult human eye. Methods Mol. Biol. 2013, 945:45-65.
31. Bolton E.M., Bradley J.A., Pettigrew G.J. Indirect allorecognition: not simple but effective. Transplantation 2008, 85(5):667-669.
32. Bour-Jordan H., Esensten J.H., Martinez-Llordella M., Penaranda C., Stumpf M., Bluestone J.A. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of peripheral T-cell tolerance by costimulatory molecules of the CD28/B7 family. Immunol. Rev. 2011, 241(1):180-205.
33. Brader H.S., Ying G.S., Martin E.R., Maguire M.G. Characteristics of incident geographic atrophy in the complications of age-related macular degeneration prevention trial. Ophthalmology 2013, 120(9):1871-1879.
34. Bressler N.M. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness. JAMA 2004, 291(15):1900-1901.
35. Brown D.M., Michels M., Kaiser P.K., Heier J.S., Sy J.P., Ianchulev T., Group A.S. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009, 116(1):57-65 e55.
36. Brown D.M., Heier J.S., Ciulla T., Benz M., Abraham P., Yancopoulos G., Stahl N., Ingerman A., Vitti R., Berliner A.J., Yang K., Nguyen Q.D., Investigators C.-I. Primary endpoint results of a phase II study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye in wet age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2011, 118(6):1089-1097.
37. Buch H., Nielsen N.V., Vinding T., Jensen G.B., Prause J.U., la Cour M. 14-year incidence, progression, and visual morbidity of age-related maculopathy: the Copenhagen City Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2005, 112(5):787-798.
38. Buchholz D.E., Hikita S.T., Rowland T.J., Friedrich A.M., Hinman C.R., Johnson L.V., Clegg D.O. Derivation of functional retinal pigmented epithelium from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27(10):2427-2434.
39. Buchholz D.E., Pennington B.O., Croze R.H., Hinman C.R., Coffey P.J., Clegg D.O. Rapid and efficient directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigmented epithelium. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2013, 2(5):384-393.
40. Burnett J.C., Rossi J.J., Tiemann K. Current progress of siRNA/shRNA therapeutics in clinical trials. Biotechnol. J. 2011, 6(9):1130-1146.
41. Campbell M., Humphries P. The blood-retina barrier: tight junctions and barrier modulation. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2012, 763:70-84.
42. Caramoy A., Liakopoulos S., Menrath E., Kirchhof B. Autologous translocation of choroid and retinal pigment epithelium in geographic atrophy: long-term functional and anatomical outcome. Br. J. Ophthalmol 2010 Aug, 94(8):1040-1044.
43. Carr A.J., Vugler A., Lawrence J., Chen L.L., Ahmado A., Chen F.K., Semo M., Gias C., da Cruz L., Moore H.D., Walsh J., Coffey P.J. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of phagocytosis by human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells using a novel human retinal assay. Mol. Vis. 2009, 15:283-295.
44. Carr A.J., Vugler A.A., Hikita S.T., Lawrence J.M., Gias C., Chen L.L., Buchholz D.E., Ahmado A., Semo M., Smart M.J., Hasan S., da Cruz L., Johnson L.V., Clegg D.O., Coffey P.J. Protective effects of human iPS-derived retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation in the retinal dystrophic rat. PLoS One 2009, 4(12):e8152.
45. Carr A.J., Smart M.J., Ramsden C.M., Powner M.B., da Cruz L., Coffey P.J. Development of human embryonic stem cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration. Trends Neurosci. 2013, 36(7):385-395.
46. Cascella R., Ragazzo M., Strafella C., Missiroli F., Borgiani P., Angelucci F., Marsella L.T., Cusumano A., Novelli G., Ricci F., Giardina E. Age-related macular degeneration: insights into inflammatory genes. J.Ophthalmol. 2014, 2014:582842.
47. Casella A.M., Taba K.E., Kimura H., Spee C., Cardillo J.A., Ryan S.J., Hinton D.R. Retinal pigment epithelial cells are heterogeneous in their expression of MHC-II after stimulation with interferon-gamma. Exp. Eye Res. 1999, 68(4):423-430.
48. Chakravarthy U., McKay G.J., de Jong P.T., Rahu M., Seland J., Soubrane G., Tomazzoli L., Topouzis F., Vingerling J.R., Vioque J., Young I.S., Sofat R., Hingorani A.D., Fletcher A.E. ARMS2 increases the risk of early and late age-related macular degeneration in the European Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2013, 120(2):342-348.
49. Chamberlain S.J., Li X.J., Lalande M. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells as invitro models of human neurogenetic disorders. Neurogenetics 2008, 9(4):227-235.
50. Chang C.H., Furue M., Tamaki K. Selective regulation of ICAM-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecule expression on epidermal Langerhans cells by some of the cytokines released by keratinocytes and T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 1994, 24(11):2889-2895.
51. Chang T.S., Bressler N.M., Fine J.T., Dolan C.M., Ward J., Klesert T.R., Group M.S. Improved vision-related function after ranibizumab treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2007, 125(11):1460-1469.
52. Cho M.S., Kim S.J., Ku S.Y., Park J.H., Lee H., Yoo D.H., Park U.C., Song S.A., Choi Y.M., Yu H.G. Generation of retinal pigment epithelial cells from human embryonic stem cell-derived spherical neural masses. Stem Cell. Res. 2012, 9(2):101-109.
53. Clemons T.E., Milton R.C., Klein R., Seddon J.M., Ferris F.L. Risk factors for the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease study (AREDS) AREDS report no. 19. Ophthalmology 2005, 112(4):533-539. G. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research.
54. Coffey P.J., Girman S., Wang S.M., Hetherington L., Keegan D.J., Adamson P., Greenwood J., Lund R.D. Long-term preservation of cortically dependent visual function in RCS rats by transplantation. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5(1):53-56.
55. Coles B.L., Angenieux B., Inoue T., Del Rio-Tsonis K., Spence J.R., McInnes R.R., Arsenijevic Y., van der Kooy D. Facile isolation and the characterization of human retinal stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101(44):15772-15777.
56. Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials Research, Martin G.D.F., Maguire M.G., Fine S.L., Ying G.S., Jaffe G.J., Grunwald J.E., Toth C., Redford M., Ferris F.L. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology 2012, 119(7):1388-1398.
57. Cowey A., Franzini C. The retinal origin of uncrossed optic nerve fibres in rats and their role in visual discrimination. Exp. Brain Res. 1979, 35(3):443-455.
58. Crafoord S., Algvere P.V., Kopp E.D., Seregard S. Cyclosporine treatment of RPE allografts in the rabbit subretinal space. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 2000, 78(2):122-129.
59. D'Amore P.A. Mechanisms of retinal and choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 35(12):3974-3979.
60. D'Cruz P.M., Yasumura D., Weir J., Matthes M.T., Abderrahim H., LaVail M.M., Vollrath D. Mutation of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene Mertk in the retinal dystrophic RCS rat. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2000, 9(4):645-651.
61. da Cruz L., Chen F.K., Ahmado A., Greenwood J., Coffey P. RPE transplantation and its role in retinal disease. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2007, 26(6):598-635.
62. Day S., Acquah K., Lee P.P., Mruthyunjaya P., Sloan F.A. Medicare costs for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, 1994-2007. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2011, 152(6):1014-1020.
63. de Juan E., Loewenstein A., Bressler N.M., Alexander J. Translocation of the retina for management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization II: a preliminary report in humans. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1998, 125(5):635-646.
64. de Nie K.F., Crama N., Tilanus M.A., Klevering B.J., Boon C.J. Pars plana vitrectomy for disturbing primary vitreous floaters: clinical outcome and patient satisfaction. Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol 2013, 251(5):1373-1382.
65. Del Priore L.V., Ishida O., Johnson E.W., Sheng Y., Jacoby D.B., Geng L., Tezel T.H., Kaplan H.J. Triple immune suppression increases short-term survival of porcine fetal retinal pigment epithelium xenografts. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2003, 44(9):4044-4053.
66. Ding X., Patel M., Chan C.C. Molecular pathology of age-related macular degeneration. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2009, 28(1):1-18.
67. Diniz B., Thomas P., Thomas B., Ribeiro R., Hu Y., Brant R., Ahuja A., Zhu D., Liu L., Koss M., Maia M., Chader G., Hinton D.R., Humayun M.S. Subretinal implantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells: improved survival when implanted as a monolayer. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013, 54(7):5087-5096.
68. Dridi S., Hirano Y., Tarallo V., Kim Y., Fowler B.J., Ambati B.K., Bogdanovich S., Chiodo V.A., Hauswirth W.W., Kugel J.F., Goodrich J.A., Ponicsan S.L., Hinton D.R., Kleinman M.E., Baffi J.Z., Gelfand B.D., Ambati J. ERK1/2 activation is a therapeutic target in age-related macular degeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012 Aug 21, 109(34):13781-13786.
69. Drukker M. Immunological Considerations for Cell Therapy Using Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives 2008, StemBook, Cambridge (MA).
70. Duan P., Xu H., Zeng Y., Wang Y., Yin Z.Q. Human bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate to a retinal pigment epithelial phenotype when co-cultured with pig retinal pigment epithelium using a Transwell system. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2013, 31(4-5):601-613.
71. Economides A.N., Carpenter L.R., Rudge J.S., Wong V., Koehler-Stec E.M., Hartnett C., Pyles E.A., Xu X., Daly T.J., Young M.R., Fandl J.P., Lee F., Carver S., McNay J., Bailey K., Ramakanth S., Hutabarat R., Huang T.T., Radziejewski C., Yancopoulos G.D., Stahl N. Cytokine traps: multi-component, high-affinity blockers of cytokine action. Nat. Med. 2003, 9(1):47-52.
72. Edwards A.O., Ritter R., Abel K.J., Manning A., Panhuysen C., Farrer L.A. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005 Apr 15, 308(5720):421-424.
73. Eibl R., Eibl D. Application of disposable bag bioreactors in tissue engineering and for the production of therapeutic agents. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol 2009, 112:183-207.
74. Eiraku M., Takata N., Ishibashi H., Kawada M., Sakakura E., Okuda S., Sekiguchi K., Adachi T., Sasai Y. Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture. Nature 2011, 472(7341):51-56.
75. English K., Wood K.J. Immunogenicity of embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors after transplantation. Curr. Opin. Organ Transpl. 2011, 16(1):90-95.
76. Enzmann V., Stadler M., Wiedemann P., Kohen L. In-vitro methods to decrease MHC class II-positive cells in retinal pigment epithelium cell grafts. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm 1998, 6(3):145-153.
77. Enzmann V., Stadler M., Wiedemann P., Kohen L. Down-regulation of MHC class II expression on bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells by cytokines. Ophthalmic Res. 1999, 31(4):256-266.
78. Fang I.M., Yang C.H., Yang C.M., Chen M.S. Overexpression of integrin alpha6 and beta4 enhances adhesion and proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells on layers of porcine Bruch's membrane. Exp. Eye Res. 2009, 88(1):12-21.
79. Feldmann M., Londei M., Buchan G. Interferons and autoimmunity. Interferon 1987, 9:75-90.
80. Ferris F.L., Fine S.L., Hyman L. Age-related macular degeneration and blindness due to neovascular maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1984, 102(11):1640-1642.
81. Fine S.L., Berger J.W., Maguire M.G., Ho A.C. Age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2000, 342(7):483-492.
82. Folk J.C., Stone E.M. Ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2010, 363(17):1648-1655.
83. Fox I.J., Daley G.Q., Goldman S.A., Huard J., Kamp T.J., Trucco M. Stem cell therapy. Use of differentiated pluripotent stem cells as replacement therapy for treating disease. Science 2014, 345(6199):1247391.
84. Frank R.N., Amin R.H., Eliott D., Puklin J.E., Abrams G.W. Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are present in epiretinal and choroidal neovascular membranes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1996, 122(3):393-403.
85. Frasson M., Picaud S., Leveillard T., Simonutti M., Mohand-Said S., Dreyfus H., Hicks D., Sabel J. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces histologic and functional protection of rod photoreceptors in the rd/rd mouse. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1999, 40(11):2724-2734.
86. Friedman D.S., O'Colmain B.J., Munoz B., Tomany S.C., McCarty C., de Jong P.T., Nemesure B., Mitchell P., Kempen J. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122(4):564-572. G. Eye Diseases Prevalence Research.
87. Fritsche L.G., Chen W., Schu M., Yaspan B.L., Yu Y., Thorleifsson G., Zack D.J., Arakawa S., Cipriani V., Ripke S., Igo R.P., Buitendijk G.H., Sim X., Weeks D.E., Guymer R.H., Merriam J.E., Francis P.J., Hannum G., Agarwal A., Armbrecht A.M., Audo I., Aung T., Barile G.R., Benchaboune M., Bird A.C., Bishop P.N., Branham K.E., Brooks M., Brucker A.J., Cade W.H., Cain M.S., Campochiaro P.A., Chan C.C., Cheng C.Y., Chew E.Y., Chin K.A., Chowers I., Clayton D.G., Cojocaru R., Conley Y.P., Cornes B.K., Daly M.J., Dhillon B., Edwards A.O., Evangelou E., Fagerness J., Ferreyra H.A., Friedman J.S., Geirsdottir A., George R.J., Gieger C., Gupta N., Hagstrom S.A., Harding S.P., Haritoglou C., Heckenlively J.R., Holz F.G., Hughes G., Ioannidis J.P., Ishibashi T., Joseph P., Jun G., Kamatani Y., Katsanis N., C N.K., Khan J.C., Kim I.K., Kiyohara Y., Klein B.E., Klein R., Kovach J.L., Kozak I., Lee C.J., Lee K.E., Lichtner P., Lotery A.J., Meitinger T., Mitchell P., Mohand-Said S., Moore A.T., Morgan D.J., Morrison M.A., Myers C.E., Naj A.C., Nakamura Y., Okada Y., Orlin A., Ortube M.C., Othman M.I., Pappas C., Park K.H., Pauer G.J., Peachey N.S., Poch O., Priya R.R., Reynolds R., Richardson A.J., Ripp R., Rudolph G., Ryu E., Sahel J.A., Schaumberg D.A., Scholl H.P., Schwartz S.G., Scott W.K., Shahid H., Sigurdsson H., Silvestri G., Sivakumaran T.A., Smith R.T., Sobrin L., Souied E.H., Stambolian D.E., Stefansson H., Sturgill-Short G.M., Takahashi A., Tosakulwong N., Truitt B.J., Tsironi E.E., Uitterlinden A.G., van Duijn C.M., Vijaya L., Vingerling J.R., Vithana E.N., Webster A.R., Wichmann H.E., Winkler T.W., Wong T.Y., Wright A.F., Zelenika D., Zhang M., Zhao L., Zhang K., Klein M.L., Hageman G.S., Lathrop G.M., Stefansson K., Allikmets R., Baird P.N., Gorin M.B., Wang J.J., Klaver C.C., Seddon J.M., Pericak-Vance M.A., Iyengar S.K., Yates J.R., Swaroop A., Weber B.H., Kubo M., Deangelis M.M., Leveillard T., Thorsteinsdottir U., Haines J.L., Farrer L.A., Heid I.M., Abecasis G.R., A.M.D.G.Consortium Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. Nat. Genet. 2013, 45(4):433-439. 439e431-432.
88. Fuhrmann S., Levine E.M., Reh T.A. Extraocular mesenchyme patterns the optic vesicle during early eye development in the embryonic chick. Development 2000 Nov, 127(21):4599-4609.
89. Fujii G.Y., Au Eong K.G., Humayun M.S., de Juan E. Limited macular translocation: current concepts. Ophthalmol. Clin. North Am. 2002, 15(4):425-436.
90. Fujikado T., Ohji M., Hayashi A., Kusaka S., Tano Y. Anatomic and functional recovery of the fovea after foveal translocation surgery without large retinotomy and simultaneous excision of a neovascular membrane. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1998, 126(6):839-842.
91. Fusaki N., Ban H., Nishiyama A., Saeki K., Hasegawa M. Efficient induction of transgene-free human pluripotent stem cells using a vector based on Sendai virus, an RNA virus that does not integrate into the host genome. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci. 2009, 85(8):348-362.
92. Gamm D.M., Wang S., Lu B., Girman S., Holmes T., Bischoff N., Shearer R.L., Sauve Y., Capowski E., Svendsen C.N., Lund R.D. Protection of visual functions by human neural progenitors in a rat model of retinal disease. PLoS One 2007, 2(3):e338.
93. Girman S.V., Wang S., Lund R.D. Cortical visual functions can be preserved by subretinal RPE cell grafting in RCS rats. Vis. Res. 2003, 43(17):1817-1827.
94. Girman S.V., Wang S., Lund R.D. Time course of deterioration of rod and cone function in RCS rat and the effects of subretinal cell grafting: a light- and dark-adaptation study. Vis. Res. 2005, 45(3):343-354.
95. Gong J., Sagiv O., Cai H., Tsang S.H., Del Priore L.V. Effects of extracellular matrix and neighboring cells on induction of human embryonic stem cells into retinal or retinal pigment epithelial progenitors. Exp. Eye Res. 2008, 86(6):957-965.
96. Gouras P., Flood M.T., Kjeldbye H. Transplantation of cultured human retinal cells to monkey retina. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc 1984 Dec, 56(4):431-443.
97. Gouras P., Flood M.T., Kjedbye H., Bilek M.K., Eggers H. Transplantation of cultured human retinal epithelium to Bruch's membrane of the owl monkey's eye. Curr. Eye Res 1985 Mar, 4(3):253-265.
98. Grafft C.A., Cornell L.D., Gloor J.M., Cosio F.G., Gandhi M.J., Dean P.G., Stegall M.D., Amer H. Antibody-mediated rejection following transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 2010, 25(1):307-310.
99. Gragoudas E.S., Adamis A.P., Cunningham E.T., Feinsod M., Guyer D.R. Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351(27):2805-2816. V.I.S.i.O.N.C.T. Group.
100. Green W.R., Enger C. Age-related macular degeneration histopathologic studies. The 1992 Lorenz E. Zimmerman Lecture. Ophthalmology 1993, 100(10):1519-1535.
101. Gregerson D.S., Heuss N.D., Lew K.L., McPherson S.W., Ferrington D.A. Interaction of retinal pigmented epithelial cells and CD4 T cells leads to T-cell anergy. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007, 48(10):4654-4663.
102. Griffin M.D., Ritter T., Mahon B.P. Immunological aspects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapies. Hum. Gene Ther. 2010, 21(12):1641-1655.
103. Group C.R., Martin D.F., Maguire M.G., Ying G.S., Grunwald J.E., Fine S.L., Jaffe G.J. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2011, 364(20):1897-1908.
104. Grunwald J.E., Metelitsina T.I., Dupont J.C., Ying G.S., Maguire M.G. Reduced foveolar choroidal blood flow in eyes with increasing AMD severity. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005, 46(3):1033-1038.
105. Guan Y., Cui L., Qu Z., Lu L., Wang F., Wu Y., Zhang J., Gao F., Tian H., Xu L., Xu G., Li W., Jin Y., Xu G.T. Subretinal transplantation of rat MSCs and erythropoietin gene modified rat MSCs for protecting and rescuing degenerative retina in rats. Curr. Mol. Med. 2013, 13(9):1419-1431.
106. Gullapalli V.K., Sugino I.K., Van Patten Y., Shah S., Zarbin M.A. Retinal pigment epithelium resurfacing of aged submacular human Bruch's membrane. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 2004, 102:123-137. (Discussion 137-128).
107. Gullapalli V.K., Sugino I.K., Van Patten Y., Shah S., Zarbin M.A. Impaired RPE survival on aged submacular human Bruch's membrane. Exp. Eye Res. 2005, 80(2):235-248.
108. Guo Y., Saloupis P., Shaw S.J., Rickman D.W. Engraftment of adult neural progenitor cells transplanted to rat retina injured by transient ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2003, 44(7):3194-3201.
109. Hadlock T., Singh S., Vacanti J.P., McLaughlin B.J. Ocular cell monolayers cultured on biodegradable substrates. Tissue Eng. 1999, 5(3):187-196.
110. Hageman G.S., Luthert P.J., Victor Chong N.H., Johnson L.V., Anderson D.H., Mullins R.F. An integrated hypothesis that considers drusen as biomarkers of immune-mediated processes at the RPE-Bruch's membrane interface in aging and age-related macular degeneration. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2001, 20(6):705-732.
111. Haines J.L., Hauser M.A., Schmidt S., Scott W.K., Olson L.M., Gallins P., Spencer K.L., Kwan S.Y., Noureddine M., Gilbert J.R., Schnetz-Boutaud N., Agarwal A., Postel E.A., Pericak-Vance M.A. Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005, 308(5720):419-421.
112. Hambright D., Park K.Y., Brooks M., McKay R., Swaroop A., Nasonkin I.O. Long-term survival and differentiation of retinal neurons derived from human embryonic stem cell lines in un-immunosuppressed mouse retina. Mol. Vis. 2012, 18:920-936.
113. Han L., Ma Z., Wang C., Dou H., Hu Y., Feng X., Xu Y., Yin Z., Wang X. Autologous transplantation of simple retinal pigment epithelium sheet for massive submacular hemorrhage associated with pigment epithelium detachment. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013, 54(7):4956-4963.
114. Hanna J., Wernig M., Markoulaki S., Sun C.W., Meissner A., Cassady J.P., Beard C., Brambrink T., Wu L.C., Townes T.M., Jaenisch R. Treatment of sickle cell anemia mouse model with iPS cells generated from autologous skin. Science 2007, 318(5858):1920-1923.
115. Hanout M., Ferraz D., Ansari M., Maqsood N., Kherani S., Sepah Y.J., Rajagopalan N., Ibrahim M., Do D.V., Nguyen Q.D. Therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: current approaches and pharmacologic agents in development. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 2013:830837.
116. Haruta M., Saasi Y., Kawasaki H., Amamiya K., Ooto S., Kitada M., Suemori H., Nakatsuji N., Ide C., Honda Y., Takahashi M. Invitro and invivo characterization of pigment epithelial cells differentiated from primate embryonic stem cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45(3):1020-1025.
117. Harvey R.J., De'Sperati C., Strata P. The early phase of horizontal optokinetic responses in the pigmented rat and the effects of lesions of the visual cortex. Vis. Res. 1997, 37(12):1615-1625.
118. Heier J.S., Brown D.M., Chong V., Korobelnik J.F., Kaiser P.K., Nguyen Q.D., Kirchhof B., Ho A., Ogura Y., Yancopoulos G.D., Stahl N., Vitti R., Berliner A.J., Soo Y., Anderesi M., Groetzbach G., Sommerauer B., Sandbrink R., Simader C., Schmidt-Erfurth U., View, Groups V.S. Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2012, 119(12):2537-2548.
119. Heller J.P., Martin K.R. Enhancing RPE cell-based therapy outcomes for AMD: the role of Bruch's membrane. Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 2014, 3(3):11.
120. Herm R.J. Age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359(16):1735-1736. Author reply 1736.
121. Heussen F.M., Fawzy N.F., Joeres S., Lux A., Maaijwee K., Meurs J.C., Kirchhof B., Joussen A.M. Autologous translocation of the choroid and RPE in age-related macular degeneration: 1-year follow-up in 30 patients and recommendations for patient selection. Eye (Lond.) 2008, 22(6):799-807.
122. Hewitt Z., Priddle H., Thomson A.J., Wojtacha D., McWhir J. Ablation of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells: exploiting innate immunity against the Gal alpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope. Stem Cells 2007, 25(1):10-18.
123. Hippen K.L., Riley J.L., June C.H., Blazar B.R. Clinical perspectives for regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance. Semin. Immunol. 2011, 23(6):462-468.
124. Hirami Y., Osakada F., Takahashi K., Okita K., Yamanaka S., Ikeda H., Yoshimura N., Takahashi M. Generation of retinal cells from mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurosci. Lett. 2009, 458(3):126-131.
125. Hirano M., Yamamoto A., Yoshimura N., Tokunaga T., Motohashi T., Ishizaki K., Yoshida H., Okazaki K., Yamazaki H., Hayashi S., Kunisada T. Generation of structures formed by lens and retinal cells differentiating from embryonic stem cells. Dev. Dyn. 2003, 228(4):664-671.
126. Hirsch L., Nazari H., Sreekumar P.G., Kannan R., Dustin L., Zhu D., Barron E., Hinton D.R. TGF-β2 secretion from RPE decreases with polarization and becomes apically oriented. Cytokine 2015, 71(2):394-396.
127. Hollyfield J.G. Hyaluronan and the functional organization of the interphotoreceptor matrix. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1999, 40(12):2767-2769.
128. Holz F.G., Wolfensberger T.J., Piguet B., Gross-Jendroska M., Wells J.A., Minassian D.C., Chisholm I.H., Bird A.C. Bilateral macular drusen in age-related macular degeneration. Prognosis and risk factors. Ophthalmology 1994, 101(9):1522-1528.
129. Holz F.G., Bellmann C., Margaritidis M., Schutt F., Otto T.P., Volcker H.E. Patterns of increased invivo fundus autofluorescence in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 1999, 237(2):145-152.
130. Holz F.G., Bindewald-Wittich A., Fleckenstein M., Dreyhaupt J., Scholl H.P., Schmitz-Valckenberg S. Progression of geographic atrophy and impact of fundus autofluorescence patterns in age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 143(3):463-472. F. A.-S. Group.
131. Holz F.G., Steinberg J.S., Göbel A., Fleckenstein M., Schmitz-Valckenberg S. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in dry AMD: 2014 Jules Gonin lecture of the Retina Research Foundation. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol 2015 Jan, 253(1):7-16.
132. Horie S., Sugita S., Futagami Y., Yamada Y., Mochizuki M. Human retinal pigment epithelium-induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress activation of intraocular effector T cells. Clin. Immunol. 2010, 136(1):83-95.
133. Howden S.E., Gore A., Li Z., Fung H.L., Nisler B.S., Nie J., Chen G., McIntosh B.E., Gulbranson D.R., Diol N.R., Taapken S.M., Vereide D.T., Montgomery K.D., Zhang K., Gamm D.M., Thomson J.A. Genetic correction and analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient with gyrate atrophy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108(16):6537-6542.
134. Hsiung J., Zhu D., Hinton D.R. Polarized human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cell monolayers have higher Resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death than nonpolarized cultures. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2014, 4(1):10-20.
135. Hu Q., Friedrich A.M., Johnson L.V., Clegg D.O. Memory in induced pluripotent stem cells: reprogrammed human retinal-pigmented epithelial cells show tendency for spontaneous redifferentiation. Stem Cells 2010, 28(11):1981-1991.
136. Hu Y., Liu L., Lu B., Zhu D., Ribeiro R., Diniz B., Thomas P.B., Ahuja A.K., Hinton D.R., Tai Y.C., Hikita S.T., Johnson L.V., Clegg D.O., Thomas B.B., Humayun M.S. Anovel approach for subretinal implantation of ultrathin substrates containing stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium monolayer. Ophthalmic Res. 2012, 48(4):186-191.
137. Huang L., Xu W., Xu G. Transplantation of CX3CL1-expressing mesenchymal stem cells provides neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in a rat model of retinal degeneration. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 2013, 21(4):276-285.
138. Huo J.S., Baylin S.B., Zambidis E.T. Cancer-like epigenetic derangements of human pluripotent stem cells and their impact on applications in regeneration and repair. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2014, 28C:43-49.
139. Idelson M., Alper R., Obolensky A., Ben-Shushan E., Hemo I., Yachimovich-Cohen N., Khaner H., Smith Y., Wiser O., Gropp M., Cohen M.A., Even-Ram S., Berman-Zaken Y., Matzrafi L., Rechavi G., Banin E., Reubinoff B. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells. Cell. Stem Cell. 2009, 5(4):396-408.
140. Jeon S., Oh I. Regeneration of the retina: toward stem cell theerapy for degenerative retinal diseases. BMB Rep. 2015, 48:193-199.
141. Jeon C.J., Strettoi E., Masland R.H. The major cell populations of the mouse retina. J.Neurosci. 1998, 18(21):8936-8946.
142. Jiang L.Q., Hamasaki D. Corneal electroretinographic function rescued by normal retinal pigment epithelial grafts in retinal degenerative Royal College of Surgeons rats. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 35(13):4300-4309.
143. Jiang L.Q., Jorquera M., Streilein J.W. Immunologic consequences of intraocular implantation of retinal pigment epithelial allografts. Exp. Eye Res. 1994, 58(6):719-728.
144. Jin Z.B., Okamoto S., Osakada F., Homma K., Assawachananont J., Hirami Y., Iwata T., Takahashi M. Modeling retinal degeneration using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2011, 6(2):e17084.
145. Jin Z.B., Okamoto S., Mandai M., Takahashi M. Induced pluripotent stem cells for retinal degenerative diseases: a new perspective on the challenges. J.Genet. 2009, 88(4):417-424.
146. Joe A.W., Gregory-Evans K. Mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating ocular disease. Curr. Eye Res. 2010, 35(11):941-952.
147. John S., Natarajan S., Parikumar P., Shanmugam P.M., Senthilkumar R., Green D.W., Abraham S.J. Choice of cell source in cell-based therapies for retinal damage due to age-related macular degeneration: a review. J.Ophthalmol. 2013, 2013:465169.
148. Joussen A.M., Heussen F.M., Joeres S., Llacer H., Prinz B., Rohrschneider K., Maaijwee K.J., van Meurs J., Kirchhof B. Autologous translocation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2006, 142(1):17-30.
149. Joussen A.M., Joeres S., Fawzy N., Heussen F.M., Llacer H., van Meurs J.C., Kirchhof B. Autologous translocation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium in patients with geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology 2007 Mar, 114(3):551-560.
150. Kador K.E., Goldberg J.L. Scaffolds and stem cells: delivery of cell transplants for retinal degenerations. Expert Rev. Ophthalmol. 2012, 7(5):459-470.
151. Kahn H.A., Leibowitz H.M., Ganley J.P., Kini M.M., Colton T., Nickerson R.S., Dawber T.R. The Framingham eye study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1977, 106(1):17-32.
152. Kaiser P.K. Emerging therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: drugs in the pipeline. Ophthalmology 2013, 120(5 Suppl.l):S11-S15.
153. Kamao H., Mandai M., Okamoto S., Sakai N., Suga A., Sugita S., Kiryu J., Takahashi M. Characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cell sheets aiming for clinical application. Stem Cell. Reports 2014, 2(2):205-218.
154. Kanemura H., Go M.J., Shikamura M., Nishishita N., Sakai N., Kamao H., Mandai M., Morinaga C., Takahashi M., Kawamata S. Tumorigenicity studies of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One 2014, 9(1):e85336.
155. Kawasaki H., Suemori H., Mizuseki K., Watanabe K., Urano F., Ichinose H., Haruta M., Takahashi M., Yoshikawa K., Nishikawa S., Nakatsuji N., Sasai Y. Generation of dopaminergic neurons and pigmented epithelia from primate ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99(3):1580-1585.
156. Kearns V., Mistry A., Mason S., Krishna Y., Sheridan C., Short R., Williams R.L. Plasma polymer coatings to aid retinal pigment epithelial growth for transplantation in the treatment of age related macular degeneration. J.Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2012, 23(8):2013-2021.
157. Kerur N., Hirano Y., Tarallo V., Fowler B.J., Bastos-Carvalho A., Yasuma T., Yasuma R., Kim Y., Hinton D.R., Kirschning C.J., Gelfand B.D., Ambati J. TLR-independent and P2X7-dependent signaling mediate Alu RNA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in geographic atrophy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2013 Nov 11, 54(12):7395-7401.
158. Kevany B.M., Palczewski K. Phagocytosis of retinal rod and cone photoreceptors. Physiology (Bethesda) 2010, 25(1):8-15.
159. Kim Y., Tarallo V., Kerur N., Yasuma T., Gelfand B.D., Bastos-Carvalho A., Hirano Y., Yasuma R., Mizutani T., Fowler B.J., Li S., Kaneko H., Bogdanovich S., Ambati B.K., Hinton D.R., Hauswirth W.W., Hakem R., Wright C., Ambati J. DICER1/Alu RNA dysmetabolism induces Caspase-8-mediated cell death in age-related macular degeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014 Nov 11, 111(45):16082-16087.
160. Klassen H. Transplantation of cultured progenitor cells to the mammalian retina. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2006, 6(5):443-451.
161. Klassen H., Lund R.D. Retinal graft-mediated pupillary responses in rats: restoration of a reflex function in the mature mammalian brain. J.Neurosci. 1990, 10(2):578-587.
162. Klassen H., Whiteley S.J., Young M.J., Lund R.D. Graft location affects functional rescue following RPE cell transplantation in the RCS rat. Exp. Neurol. 2001, 169(1):114-121.
163. Klassen H.J., Ng T.F., Kurimoto Y., Kirov I., Shatos M., Coffey P., Young M.J. Multipotent retinal progenitors express developmental markers, differentiate into retinal neurons, and preserve light-mediated behavior. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45(11):4167-4173.
164. Klassen H., Kiilgaard J.F., Zahir T., Ziaeian B., Kirov I., Scherfig E., Warfvinge K., Young M.J. Progenitor cells from the porcine neural retina express photoreceptor markers after transplantation to the subretinal space of allorecipients. Stem Cells 2007, 25(5):1222-1230.
165. Klein R., Klein B.E., Jensen S.C., Meuer S.M. The five-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1997, 104(1):7-21.
166. Klein R.J., Zeiss C., Chew E.Y., Tsai J.Y., Sackler R.S., Haynes C., Henning A.K., SanGiovanni J.P., Mane S.M., Mayne S.T., Bracken M.B., Ferris F.L., Ott J., Barnstable C., Hoh J. Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005, 308(5720):385-389.
167. Klein M.L., Ferris F.L., Armstrong J., Hwang T.S., Chew E.Y., Bressler S.B., Chandra S.R. Retinal precursors and the development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2008, 115(6):1026-1031. A. R. Group.
168. Klimanskaya I., Hipp J., Rezai K.A., West M., Atala A., Lanza R. Derivation and comparative assessment of retinal pigment epithelium from human embryonic stem cells using transcriptomics. Cloning Stem Cells 2004, 6(3):217-245.
169. Klimanskaya I., Chung Y., Becker S., Lu S.J., Lanza R. Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres. Nature 2006, 444(7118):481-485.
170. Kohen L., Enzmann V., Faude F., Wiedemann P. Mechanisms of graft rejection in the transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Ophthalmic Res. 1997, 29(5):298-304.
171. Krohne T.U., Westenskow P.D., Kurihara T., Friedlander D.F., Lehmann M., Dorsey A.L., Li W., Zhu S., Schultz A., Wang J., Siuzdak G., Ding S., Friedlander M. Generation of retinal pigment epithelial cells from small molecules and OCT4 reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2012, 1(2):96-109.
172. Kundu J., Michaelson A., Baranov P., Young M.J., Carrier R.L. Approaches to cell delivery: substrates and scaffolds for cell therapy. Dev. Ophthalmol. 2014, 53:143-154.
173. Kuroda T., Yasuda S., Kusakawa S., Hirata N., Kanda Y., Suzuki K., Takahashi M., Nishikawa S., Kawamata S., Sato Y. Highly sensitive invitro methods for detection of residual undifferentiated cells in retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from human iPS cells. PLoS One 2012, 7(5):e37342.
174. Kwan A.S., Wang S., Lund R.D. Photoreceptor layer reconstruction in a rodent model of retinal degeneration. Exp. Neurol. 1999, 159(1):21-33.
175. Lamba D.A., Karl M.O., Ware C.B., Reh T.A. Efficient generation of retinal progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103(34):12769-12774.
176. Lamba D.A., Gust J., Reh T.A. Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptors restores some visual function in Crx-deficient mice. Cell Stem Cell 2009, 4(1):73-79.
177. Lamba D.A., McUsic A., Hirata R.K., Wang P.R., Russell D., Reh T.A. Generation, purification and transplantation of photoreceptors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2010, 5(1):e8763.
178. Lavik E.B., Klassen H., Warfvinge K., Langer R., Young M.J. Fabrication of degradable polymer scaffolds to direct the integration and differentiation of retinal progenitors. Biomaterials 2005, 26(16):3187-3196.
179. Lechler R.I., Sykes M., Thomson A.W., Turka L.A. Organ transplantation-how much of the promise has been realized?. Nat. Med. 2005, 11(6):605-613.
180. Lee G.Y., Kang S.J., Lee S.J., Song J.E., Joo C.K., Lee D., Khang G. Effects of small intestinal submucosa content on the adhesion and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells on SIS-PLGA films. J.Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2014.
181. Levings M.K., Bacchetta R., Schulz U., Roncarolo M.G. The role of IL-10 and TGF-beta in the differentiation and effector function of T regulatory cells. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 2002, 129(4):263-276.
182. Li Y., Tang L. Comparison of growth of human fetal RPE cells on electrospun nanofibers and etched pore polyester membranes. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012, 37(5):433-440.
183. Li L., Turner J.E. Optimal conditions for long-term photoreceptor cell rescue in RCS rats: the necessity for healthy RPE transplants. Exp. Eye Res. 1991, 52(6):669-679.
184. Li R., Wen R., Banzon T., Maminishkis A., Miller S.S. CNTF mediates neurotrophic factor secretion and fluid absorption in human retinal pigment epithelium. PLoS One 2011, 6(9):e23148.
185. Li Y., Tsai Y.T., Hsu C.W., Erol D., Yang J., Wu W.H., Davis R.J., Egli D., Tsang S.H. Long-term safety and efficacy of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) grafts in a preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa. Mol. Med. 2012, 18:1312-1319.
186. Liao J.L., Yu J., Huang K., Hu J., Diemer T., Ma Z., Dvash T., Yang X.J., Travis G.H., Williams D.S., Bok D., Fan G. Molecular signature of primary retinal pigment epithelium and stem-cell-derived RPE cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2010, 19(21):4229-4238.
187. Lipinski D.M., Thake M., MacLaren R.E. Clinical applications of retinal gene therapy. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2013, 32:22-47.
188. Little C.W., Castillo B., DiLoreto D.A., Cox C., Wyatt J., del Cerro C., del Cerro M. Transplantation of human fetal retinal pigment epithelium rescues photoreceptor cells from degeneration in the Royal College of Surgeons rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1996, 37(1):204-211.
189. Little C.W., Cox C., Wyatt J., del Cerro C., del Cerro M. Correlates of photoreceptor rescue by transplantation of human fetal RPE in the RCS rat. Exp. Neurol. 1998, 149(1):151-160.
190. Liu Y., Wang R., Zarembinski T.I., Doty N., Jiang C., Regatieri C., Zhang X., Young M.J. The application of hyaluronic acid hydrogels to retinal progenitor cell transplantation. Tissue Eng. Part A 2013, 19(1-2):135-142.
191. Liu Z., Yu N., Holz F.G., Yang F., Stanzel B.V. Enhancement of retinal pigment epithelial aqaulture characteristics and subretinal space tolerance of scaffolds with 200 nm fiber topography. Biomaterials 2014, 35(9):2837-2850.
192. Loewendorf A., Csete M. Concise review: immunologic lessons from solid organ transplantation for stem cell-based therapies. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2013, 2(2):136-142.
193. Lopez R., Gouras P., Brittis M., Kjeldbye H. Transplantation of cultured rabbit retinal epithelium to rabbit retina using a closed-eye method. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 1987, 28(7):1131-1137.
194. Lu L., Nyalakonda K., Kam L., Bizios R., Gopferich A., Mikos A.G. Retinal pigment epithelial cell adhesion on novel micropatterned surfaces fabricated from synthetic biodegradable polymers. Biomaterials 2001, 22(3):291-297.
195. Lu L., Yaszemski M.J., Mikos A.G. Retinal pigment epithelium engineering using synthetic biodegradable polymers. Biomaterials 2001, 22(24):3345-3355.
196. Lu B., Malcuit C., Wang S., Girman S., Francis P., Lemieux L., Lanza R., Lund R. Long-term safety and function of RPE from human embryonic stem cells in preclinical models of macular degeneration. Stem Cells 2009, 27(9):2126-2135.
197. Lu B., Wang S., Francis P.J., Li T., Gamm D.M., Capowski E.E., Lund R.D. Cell transplantation to arrest early changes in an ush2a animal model. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51(4):2269-2276.
198. Lu B., Wang S., Girman S., McGill T., Ragaglia V., Lund R. Human adult bone marrow-derived somatic cells rescue vision in a rodent model of retinal degeneration. Exp. Eye Res. 2010, 91(3):449-455.
199. Lu B., Zhu D., Hinton D., Humayun M.S., Tai Y.C. Mesh-supported submicron parylene-C membranes for culturing retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biomed. Microdevices 2012, 14(4):659-667.
200. Lu B., Tai Y.C., Humayun M.S. Microdevice-based cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Dev. Ophthalmol. 2014, 53:155-166.
201. Lund R.D., Adamson P., Sauve Y., Keegan D.J., Girman S.V., Wang S., Winton H., Kanuga N., Kwan A.S., Beauchene L., Zerbib A., Hetherington L., Couraud P.O., Coffey P., Greenwood J. Subretinal transplantation of genetically modified human cell lines attenuates loss of visual function in dystrophic rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98(17):9942-9947.
202. Lund R.D., Kwan A.S., Keegan D.J., Sauve Y., Coffey P.J., Lawrence J.M. Cell transplantation as a treatment for retinal disease. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2001, 20(4):415-449.
203. Lund R.D., Wang S., Klimanskaya I., Holmes T., Ramos-Kelsey R., Lu B., Girman S., Bischoff N., Sauve Y., Lanza R. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cells rescue visual function in dystrophic RCS rats. Cloning Stem Cells 2006, 8(3):189-199.
204. Lund R.D., Wang S., Lu B., Girman S., Holmes T., Sauve Y., Messina D.J., Harris I.R., Kihm A.J., Harmon A.M., Chin F.Y., Gosiewska A., Mistry S.K. Cells isolated from umbilical cord tissue rescue photoreceptors and visual functions in a rodent model of retinal disease. Stem Cells 2007, 25(3):602-611.
205. Luo J., Baranov P., Patel S., Ouyang H., Quach J., Wu F., Qiu A., Luo H., Hicks C., Zeng J., Zhu J., Lu J., Sfeir N., Wen C., Zhang M., Reade V., Patel S., Sinden J., Sun X., Shaw P., Young M., Zhang K. Human retinal progenitor cell transplantation preserves vision. J.Biol. Chem. 2014, 289(10):6362-6371.
206. Lustremant C., Habeler W., Plancheron A., Goureau O., Grenot L., de la Grange P., Audo I., Nandrot E.F., Monville C. Human induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool to model a form of leber congenital amaurosis. Cell. Reprogr. 2013, 15(3):233-246.
207. Machemer R., Steinhorst U.H. Retinal separation, retinotomy, and macular relocation: II. A surgical approach for age-related macular degeneration?. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 1993, 231(11):635-641.
208. MacLaren R.E., Pearson R.A., MacNeil A., Douglas R.H., Salt T.E., Akimoto M., Swaroop A., Sowden J.C., Ali R.R. Retinal repair by transplantation of photoreceptor precursors. Nature 2006, 444(7116):203-207.
209. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group Risk factors for choroidal neovascularization in the second eye of patients with juxtafoveal or subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1997, 115(6):741-747.
210. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group Argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy. Five-year results from randomized clinical trials. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1991, 109(8):1109-1114.
211. Maeda T., Lee M.J., Palczewska G., Marsili S., Tesar P.J., Palczewski K., Takahashi M., Maeda A. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells possess functional visual cycle enzymes invitro and invivo. J.Biol. Chem. 2013, 288(48):34484-34493.
212. Maehr R., Chen S., Snitow M., Ludwig T., Yagasaki L., Goland R., Leibel R.L., Melton D.A. Generation of pluripotent stem cells from patients with type 1 diabetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106(37):15768-15773.
213. Majji A.B., de Juan E. Retinal pigment epithelial autotransplantation: morphological changes in retina and choroid. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2000, 238(9):779-791.
214. Maminishkis A., Chen S., Jalickee S., Banzon T., Shi G., Wang F.E., Ehalt T., Hammer J.A., Miller S.S. Confluent monolayers of cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelium exhibit morphology and physiology of native tissue. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006, 47(8):3612-3624.
215. McConnell D.G. The isolation of retinal outer segment fragments. J.Cell. Biol. 1965, 27(3):459-473.
216. McGill M.G., Schreiner L.A., Hansen R.M., Fulton A.B. Optokinetic nystagmus thresholds of dark-adapted RCS rats. Vis. Res. 1988, 28(7):761-764.
217. McGill T.J., Douglas R.M., Lund R.D., Prusky G.T. Quantification of spatial vision in the Royal College of Surgeons rat. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45(3):932-936.
218. McGill T.J., Cottam B., Lu B., Wang S., Girman S., Tian C., Huhn S.L., Lund R.D., Capela A. Transplantation of human central nervous system stem cells - neuroprotection in retinal degeneration. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2012, 35(3):468-477.
219. Merani R., Hunyor A.P., Playfair T.J., Chang A., Gregory-Roberts J., Hunyor A.B., Azar D., Cumming R.G. Pars plana vitrectomy for the management of retained lens material after cataract surgery. Am. J. Ophthalmol 2007, 144(3):364-370.
220. Melville H., Carpiniello M., Hollis K., Staffaroni A., Golestaneh N. Stem cells: a new paradigm for disease modeling and developing therapies for age-related macular degeneration. J.Transl. Med. 2013, 11:53.
221. Meyer J.S., Shearer R.L., Capowski E.E., Wright L.S., Wallace K.A., McMillan E.L., Zhang S.C., Gamm D.M. Modeling early retinal development with human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106(39):16698-16703.
222. Mooney I., Lamotte J. Emerging options for the management of age-related macular degeneration with stem cells. Stem Cells Cloning 2010, 4:1-10.
223. Murphy S.P., Porrett P.M., Turka L.A. Innate immunity in transplant tolerance and rejection. Immunol. Rev. 2011, 241(1):39-48.
224. Myers C.E., Klein B.E., Gangnon R., Sivakumaran T.A., Iyengar S.K., Klein R. Cigarette smoking and the natural history of age-related macular degeneration: the beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology 2014, 121(10):1949-1955.
225. Mylonas G., Sacu S., Deák G., Dunavoelgyi R., Buehl W., Georgopoulos M., Schmidt-Erfurth U. Macula Study Group Vienna., Macular edema following cataract surgery in eyes with previous 23-gauge vitrectomy and peeling of the internal limiting membrane. Am. J. Ophthalmol 2013, 155(2):253-259.
226. Nabi I.R., Mathews A.P., Cohen-Gould L., Gundersen D., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Immortalization of polarized rat retinal pigment epithelium. J.Cell. Sci. 1993, 104(Pt 1):37-49.
227. Nadri S., Kazemi B., Eslaminejad M.B., Yazdani S., Soleimani M. High yield of cells committed to the photoreceptor-like cells from conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells on nanofibrous scaffolds. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2013, 40(6):3883-3890.
228. Nadri S., Yazdani S., Arefian E., Gohari Z., Eslaminejad M.B., Kazemi B., Soleimani M. Mesenchymal stem cells from trabecular meshwork become photoreceptor-like cells on amniotic membrane. Neurosci. Lett. 2013, 541:43-48.
229. Nakajima F., Tokunaga K., Nakatsuji N. Human leukocyte antigen matching estimations in a hypothetical bank of human embryonic stem cells in the Japanese population for use in cell transplantation therapy. Stem Cells Apr. 2007, 25(4):983-985. Epub 2006 Dec 21.
230. Nakano T., Ando S., Takata N., Kawada M., Muguruma K., Sekiguchi K., Saito K., Yonemura S., Eiraku M., Sasai Y. Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs. Cell. Stem Cell 2012, 10(6):771-785.
231. Nishida A., Takahashi M., Tanihara H., Nakano I., Takahashi J.B., Mizoguchi A., Ide C., Honda Y. Incorporation and differentiation of hippocampus-derived neural stem cells transplanted in injured adult rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000, 41(13):4268-4274.
232. Nistor G., Seiler M.J., Yan F., Ferguson D., Keirstead H.S. Three-dimensional early retinal progenitor 3D tissue constructs derived from human embryonic stem cells. J.Neurosci. Methods 2010, 190(1):63-70.
233. Okamura R.M., Lebkowski J., Au M., Priest C.A., Denham J., Majumdar A.S. Immunological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. J. Neuroimmunol 2007, 192(1-2):134-144.
234. Osakada F., Ikeda H., Mandai M., Wataya T., Watanabe K., Yoshimura N., Akaike A., Sasai Y., Takahashi M. Toward the generation of rod and cone photoreceptors from mouse, monkey and human embryonic stem cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 2008, 26(2):215-224.
235. Osakada F., Ikeda H., Sasai Y., Takahashi M. Stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal cells. Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4(6):811-824.
236. Osakada F., Jin Z.B., Hirami Y., Ikeda H., Danjyo T., Watanabe K., Sasai Y., Takahashi M. Invitro differentiation of retinal cells from human pluripotent stem cells by small-molecule induction. J.Cell. Sci. 2009, 122(Pt 17):3169-3179.
237. Osusky R., Dorio R.J., Arora Y.K., Ryan S.J., Walker S.M. MHC class II positive retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can function as antigen-presenting cells for microbial superantigen. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 1997, 5(1):43-50.
238. Otani A., Dorrell M.I., Kinder K., Moreno S.K., Nusinowitz S., Banin E., Heckenlively J., Friedlander M. Rescue of retinal degeneration by intravitreally injected adult bone marrow-derived lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells. J.Clin. Invest. 2004, 114(6):765-774.
239. Ouyang Y., Heussen F.M., Hariri A., Keane P.A., Sadda S.R. Optical coherence tomography-based observation of the natural history of drusenoid lesion in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2013, 120(12):2656-2665.
240. Pan C.K., Heilweil G., Lanza R., Schwartz S.D. Embryonic stem cells as a treatment for macular degeneration. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2013, 13(8):1125-1133.
241. Panda-Jonas S., Jonas J.B., Jakobczyk-Zmija M. Retinal pigment epithelial cell count, distribution, and correlations in normal human eyes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1996, 121(2):181-189.
242. Papermaster D.S., Dreyer W.J. Rhodopsin content in the outer segment membranes of bovine and frog retinal rods. Biochemistry 1974, 13(11):2438-2444.
243. Park U.C., Cho M.S., Park J.H., Kim S.J., Ku S.Y., Choi Y.M., Moon S.Y., Yu H.G. Subretinal transplantation of putative retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells in rat retinal degeneration model. Clin. Exp. Reprod. Med. 2011, 38(4):216-221.
244. Pennesi M.E., Neuringer M., Courtney R.J. Animal models of age related macular degeneration. Mol. Asp. Med. 2012, 33(4):487-509.
245. Percopo C.M., Hooks J.J., Shinohara T., Caspi R., Detrick B. Cytokine-mediated activation of a neuronal retinal resident cell provokes antigen presentation. J.Immunol. 1990, 145(12):4101-4107.
246. Phillips S.J., Sadda S.R., Tso M.O., Humayan M.S., de Juan E., Binder S. Autologous transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium after mechanical debridement of Bruch's membrane. Curr. Eye Res. 2003, 26(2):81-88.
247. Pieramici D.J., De Juan E., Fujii G.Y., Reynolds S.M., Melia M., Humayun M.S., Schachat A.P., Hartranft C.D. Limited inferior macular translocation for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2000, 130(4):419-428.
248. Pinilla I., Lund R.D., Lu B., Sauve Y. Measuring the cone contribution to the ERG b-wave to assess function and predict anatomical rescue in RCS rats. Vis. Res. 2005, 45(5):635-641.
249. Pinilla I., Cuenca N., Sauve Y., Wang S., Lund R.D. Preservation of outer retina and its synaptic connectivity following subretinal injections of human RPE cells in the Royal College of Surgeons rat. Exp. Eye Res. 2007, 85(3):381-392.
250. Polosukhina A., Litt J., Tochitsky I., Nemargut J., Sychev Y., De Kouchkovsky I., Huang T., Borges K., Trauner D., Van Gelder R.N., Kramer R.H. Photochemical restoration of visual responses in blind mice. Neuron 2012, 75(2):271-282.
251. Preynat-Seauve O., de Rham C., Tirefort D., Ferrari-Lacraz S., Krause K.H., Villard J. Neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells are targeted by allogeneic T and natural killer cells. J.Cell. Mol. Med. 2009, 13(9B):3556-3569.
252. Prusky G.T., West P.W., Douglas R.M. Behavioral assessment of visual acuity in mice and rats. Vis. Res. 2000, 40(16):2201-2209.
253. Qiu G., Seiler M.J., Mui C., Arai S., Aramant R.B., de Juan E., Sadda S. Photoreceptor differentiation and integration of retinal progenitor cells transplanted into transgenic rats. Exp. Eye Res. 2005, 80(4):515-525.
254. Radtke N.D., Aramant R.B., Petry H.M., Green P.T., Pidwell D.J., Seiler M.J. Vision improvement in retinal degeneration patients by implantation of retina together with retinal pigment epithelium. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2008, 146(2):172-182.
255. Ramkumar H.L., Zhang J., Chan C.C. Retinal ultrastructure of murine models of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2010, 29(3):169-190.
256. Ramsden C.M., Powner M.B., Carr A.J., Smart M.J., da Cruz L., Coffey P.J. Stem cells in retinal regeneration: past, present and future. Development 2013, 140(12):2576-2585.
257. Rashid S.T., Corbineau S., Hannan N., Marciniak S.J., Miranda E., Alexander G., Huang-Doran I., Griffin J., Ahrlund-Richter L., Skepper J., Semple R., Weber A., Lomas D.A., Vallier L. Modeling inherited metabolic disorders of the liver using human induced pluripotent stem cells. J.Clin. Invest. 2010, 120(9):3127-3136.
258. Redenti S., Tao S., Yang J., Gu P., Klassen H., Saigal S., Desai T., Young M.J. Retinal tissue engineering using mouse retinal progenitor cells and a novel biodegradable, thin-film poly(e-caprolactone) nanowire scaffold. J.Ocul. Biol. Dis. Infor. 2008, 1(1):19-29.
259. Redenti S., Neeley W.L., Rompani S., Saigal S., Yang J., Klassen H., Langer R., Young M.J. Engineering retinal progenitor cell and scrollable poly(glycerol-sebacate) composites for expansion and subretinal transplantation. Biomaterials 2009, 30(20):3405-3414.
260. Ribeiro R.M., Oregon A., Diniz B., Fernandes R.B., Koss M.J., Charafeddin W., Hu Y., Thomas P., Thomas B.B., Maia M., Chader G.J., Hinton D.R., Humayun M.S. Invivo detection of hESC-RPE cells via confocal near-infrared fundus reflectance. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retina 2013, 44(4):380-384.
261. Richardson A.J., Islam F.M., Guymer R.H., Baird P.N. Analysis of rare variants in the complement component 2 (C2) and factor B (BF) genes refine association for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009, 50(2):540-543.
262. Rideout W.M., Hochedlinger K., Kyba M., Daley G.Q., Jaenisch R. Correction of a genetic defect by nuclear transplantation and combined cell and gene therapy. Cell 2002, 109(1):17-27.
263. Rizzolo L.J. The distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in the retinal pigmented epithelium from chicken embryo is polarized invivo but not in primary cell culture. Exp. Eye Res. 1990, 51(4):435-446.
264. Rofagha S., Bhisitkul R.B., Boyer D.S., Sadda S.R., Zhang K. Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP). Ophthalmology 2013, 120(11):2292-2299. S.-U. S. Group.
265. Rose J.B., Pacelli S., El Haj A.J., Dua H.S., Hopkinson A., White L.J., Rose F.R.A.J. Gelatin-based materials in ocular tissue engineering. Materials 2014, 7(4):3106-3135.
266. Rosenfeld P.J. Intravitreal avastin: the low cost alternative to lucentis?. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2006, 142(1):141-143.
267. Rosenfeld P.J., Brown D.M., Heier J.S., Boyer D.S., Kaiser P.K., Chung C.Y., Kim R.Y., Group M.S. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355(14):1419-1431.
268. Rowland T.J., Blaschke A.J., Buchholz D.E., Hikita S.T., Johnson L.V., Clegg D.O. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to retinal pigmented epithelium in defined conditions using purified extracellular matrix proteins. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med 2013 Aug, 7(8):642-653.
269. Rudolf M., Malek G., Messinger J.D., Clark M.E., Wang L., Curcio C.A. Sub-retinal drusenoid deposits in human retina: organization and composition. Exp. Eye Res 2008 Nov, 87(5):402-408.
270. Sakaguchi S., Yamaguchi T., Nomura T., Ono M. Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance. Cell 2008, 133(5):775-787.
271. Salero E., Blenkinsop T.A., Corneo B., Harris A., Rabin D., Stern J.H., Temple S. Adult human RPE can be activated into a multipotent stem cell that produces mesenchymal derivatives. Cell. Stem Cell 2012, 10(1):88-95.
272. Sauve Y., Girman S.V., Wang S., Keegan D.J., Lund R.D. Preservation of visual responsiveness in the superior colliculus of RCS rats after retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation. Neuroscience 2002, 114(2):389-401.
273. Sauve Y., Pinilla I., Lund R.D. Partial preservation of rod and cone ERG function following subretinal injection of ARPE-19 cells in RCS rats. Vis. Res. 2006, 46(8-9):1459-1472.
274. Schmidt-Erfurth U., Kaiser P.K., Korobelnik J.F., Brown D.M., Chong V., Nguyen Q.D., Ho A.C., Ogura Y., Simader C., Jaffe G.J., Slakter J.S., Yancopoulos G.D., Stahl N., Vitti R., Berliner A.J., Soo Y., Anderesi M., Sowade O., Zeitz O., Norenberg C., Sandbrink R., Heier J.S. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: ninety-six-week results of the VIEW studies. Ophthalmology 2014, 121(1):193-201.
275. Schmitz-Valckenberg S., Bultmann S., Dreyhaupt J., Bindewald A., Holz F.G., Rohrschneider K. Fundus autofluorescence and fundus perimetry in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45(12):4470-4476.
276. Schmitz-Valckenberg S., Bindewald-Wittich A., Dolar-Szczasny J., Dreyhaupt J., Wolf S., Scholl H.P., Holz F.G. Correlation between the area of increased autofluorescence surrounding geographic atrophy and disease progression in patients with AMD. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006, 47(6):2648-2654. G. Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study.
277. Schmitz-Valckenberg S., Fleckenstein M., Scholl H.P., Holz F.G. Fundus autofluorescence and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2009, 54(1):96-117.
278. Schmucker C., Ehlken C., Agostini H.T., Antes G., Ruecker G., Lelgemann M., Loke Y.K. Asafety review and meta-analyses of bevacizumab and ranibizumab: off-label versus goldstandard. PLoS One 2012, 7(8):e42701.
279. Scholl H.P., Bellmann C., Dandekar S.S., Bird A.C., Fitzke F.W. Photopic and scotopic fine matrix mapping of retinal areas of increased fundus autofluorescence in patients with age-related maculopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2004 Feb, 45(2):574-583.
280. Schwartz S.D., Hubschman J.P., Heilwell G., Franco-Cardenas V., Pan C.K., Ostrick R.M., Mickunas E., Gay R., Klimanskaya I., Lanza R. Embryonic stem cell trials for macular degeneration: a preliminary report. Lancet 2012, 379(9817):713-720.
281. Schwartz S.D., Regillo C.D., Lam B.L., Eliott D., Rosenfeld P.J., Gregori N.Z., Hubschman J.P., Davis J.L., Heilwell G., Spirn M., Maguire J., Gay R., Bateman J., Ostrick R.M., Morris D., Vincent M., Anglade E., Del Priore L.V., Lanza R. Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1/2 studies. Lancet 2015, (9967):509-516.
282. Seiler M.J., Aramant R.B. Cell replacement and visual restoration by retinal sheet transplants. Prog. Retin Eye Res. 2012, 31(6):661-687.
283. Seiler M.J., Aramant R.B., Thomas B.B., Peng Q., Sadda S.R., Keirstead H.S. Visual restoration and transplant connectivity in degenerate rats implanted with retinal progenitor sheets. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2010, 31(3):508-520.
284. Sergijenko A., Langford-Smith A., Liao A.Y., Pickford C.E., McDermott J., Nowinski G., Langford-Smith K.J., Merry C.L., Jones S.A., Wraith J.E., Wynn R.F., Wilkinson F.L., Bigger B.W. Myeloid/Microglial driven autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy corrects a neuronopathic lysosomal disease. Mol. Ther. 2013, 21(10):1938-1949.
285. Shen J.K., Dong A., Hackett S.F., Bell W.R., Green W.R., Campochiaro P.A. Oxidative damage in age-related macular degeneration. Histol. Histopathol. 2007, 22(12):1301-1308.
286. Simara P., Motl J.A., Kaufman D.S. Pluripotent stem cells and gene therapy. Transl. Res. 2013, 161(4):284-292.
287. Siminoff R., Schwassmann H.O., Kruger L. An electrophysiological study of the visual projection to the superior colliculus of the rat. J.Comp. Neurol. 1966, 127(4):435-444.
288. Sloan D.J., Wood M.J., Charlton H.M. The immune response to intracerebral neural grafts. Trends Neurosci. 1991, 14(8):341-346.
289. Sobrin L., Seddon J.M. Nature and nurture- genes and environment- predict onset and progression of macular degeneration. Prog. Retin. Eye Res 2014 May, 40:1-15.
290. Sohrab M., Wu K., Fawzi A.A. Apilot study of morphometric analysis of choroidal vasculature invivo, using en face optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2012, 7(11):e48631.
291. Sonoda S., Spee C., Barron E., Ryan S.J., Kannan R., Hinton D.R. Aprotocol for the culture and differentiation of highly polarized human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4(5):662-673.
292. Sonoda S., Sreekumar P.G., Kase S., Spee C., Ryan S.J., Kannan R., Hinton D.R. Attainment of polarity promotes growth factor secretion by retinal pigment epithelial cells: relevance to age-related macular degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2010, 2(1):28-42.
293. Stanga P.E., Kychenthal A., Fitzke F.W., Halfyard A.S., Chan R., Bird A.C., Aylward G.W. Retinal pigment epithelium translocation and central visual function in age related macular degeneration: preliminary results. Int. Ophthalmol. 2001, 23(4-6):297-307.
294. Stanga P.E., Kychenthal A., Fitzke F.W., Halfyard A.S., Chan R., Bird A.C., Aylward G.W. Retinal pigment epithelium translocation after choroidal neovascular membrane removal in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2002, 109(8):1492-1498.
295. Stanzel B.V., Liu Z., Brinken R., Braun N., Holz F.G., Eter N. Subretinal delivery of ultrathin rigid-elastic cell carriers using a metallic shooter instrument and biodegradable hydrogel encapsulation. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012, 53(1):490-500.
296. Stanzel B.V., Liu Z., Somboonthanakij S., Wongsawad W., Brinken R., Eter N., Corneo B., Holz F.G., Temple S., Stern J.H., Blenkinsop T.A. Human RPE stem cells grown into polarized RPE monolayers on a polyester matrix are maintained after grafting into rabbit subretinal space. Stem Cell. Reports 2014, 2(1):64-77.
297. Steinbrook R. The price of sight-ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and the treatment of macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355(14):1409-1412.
298. Strauss O., Stumpff F., Mergler S., Wienrich M., Wiederholt M. The Royal College of Surgeons rat: an animal model for inherited retinal degeneration with a still unknown genetic defect. Acta Anat. (Basel) 1998, 162(2-3):101-111.
299. Streilein J.W., Ma N., Wenkel H., Ng T.F., Zamiri P. Immunobiology and privilege of neuronal retina and pigment epithelium transplants. Vis. Res. 2002, 42(4):487-495.
300. Strunnikova N.V., Maminishkis A., Barb J.J., Wang F., Zhi C., Sergeev Y., Chen W., Edwards A.O., Stambolian D., Abecasis G., Swaroop A., Munson P.J., Miller S.S. Transcriptome analysis and molecular signature of human retinal pigment epithelium. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2010, 19(12):2468-2486.
301. Subrizi A., Hiidenmaa H., Ilmarinen T., Nymark S., Dubruel P., Uusitalo H., Yliperttula M., Urtti A., Skottman H. Generation of hESC-derived retinal pigment epithelium on biopolymer coated polyimide membranes. Biomaterials 2012, 33(32):8047-8054.
302. Suga A., Sadamoto K., Fujii M., Mandai M., Takahashi M. Prolifferation potential of Mulleer glia after retinal damage varies between mouse strains. PLoS One 2014, 9(4):e94556.
303. Sugino I.K., Sun Q., Wang J., Nunes C.F., Cheewatrakoolpong N., Rapista A., Johnson A.C., Malcuit C., Klimanskaya I., Lanza R., Zarbin M.A. Comparison of FRPE and human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE behavior on aged human Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011, 52(8):4979-4997.
304. Sugino I.K., Sun Q., Cheewatrakoolpong N., Malcuit C., Zarbin M.A. Biochemical restoration of aged human Bruch's membrane: experimental studies to improve retinal pigment epithelium transplant survival and differentiation. Dev. Ophthalmol. 2014, 53:133-142.
305. Sugita S., Futagami Y., Smith S.B., Naggar H., Mochizuki M. Retinal and ciliary body pigment epithelium suppress activation of T lymphocytes via transforming growth factor beta. Exp. Eye Res. 2006, 83(6):1459-1471.
306. Sugita S., Horie S., Nakamura O., Futagami Y., Takase H., Keino H., Aburatani H., Katunuma N., Ishidoh K., Yamamoto Y., Mochizuki M. Retinal pigment epithelium-derived CTLA-2alpha induces TGFbeta-producing T regulatory cells. J.Immunol. 2008, 181(11):7525-7536.
307. Sugita S., Horie S., Nakamura O., Maruyama K., Takase H., Usui Y., Takeuchi M., Ishidoh K., Koike M., Uchiyama Y., Peters C., Yamamoto Y., Mochizuki M. Acquisition of T regulatory function in cathepsin L-inhibited T cells by eye-derived CTLA-2alpha during inflammatory conditions. J.Immunol. 2009, 183(8):5013-5022.
308. Sugita S., Usui Y., Horie S., Futagami Y., Aburatani H., Okazaki T., Honjo T., Takeuchi M., Mochizuki M. T-cell suppression by programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 on retinal pigment epithelium during inflammatory conditions. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009, 50(6):2862-2870.
309. Sugita S., Horie S., Yamada Y., Mochizuki M. Inhibition of B-cell activation by retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51(11):5783-5788.
310. Sun D., Enzmann V., Lei S., Sun S.L., Kaplan H.J., Shao H. Retinal pigment epithelial cells activate uveitogenic T cells when they express high levels of MHC class II molecules, but inhibit T cell activation when they express restricted levels. J.Neuroimmunol. 2003, 144(1-2):1-8.
311. Sun K., Cai H., Tezel T.H., Paik D., Gaillard E.R., Del Priore L.V. Bruch's membrane aging decreases phagocytosis of outer segments by retinal pigment epithelium. Mol. Vis. 2007, 13:2310-2319.
312. Sunness J.S. The natural history of geographic atrophy, the advanced atrophic form of age-related macular degeneration. Mol. Vis 1999 Nov 3, 5:25.
313. Sunness J.S., Margalit E., Srikumaran D., Applegate C.A., Tian Y., Perry D., Hawkins B.S., Bressler N.M. The long-term natural history of geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration: enlargement of atrophy and implications for interventional clinical trials. Ophthalmology 2007, 114(2):271-277.
314. Swaroop A., Chew E.Y., Rickman C.B., Abecasis G.R. Unraveling a multifactorial late-onset disease: from genetic susceptibility to disease mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration. Annu Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2009, 10:19-43.
315. Takahashi K., Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006, 126(4):663-676.
316. Tan Y., Ooi S., Wang L. Immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives: genetic and epigenetic perspectives. Curr. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 2014, 9(1):63-72.
317. Tang C., Drukker M. Potential barriers to therapeutics utilizing pluripotent cell derivatives: intrinsic immunogenicity of invitro maintained and matured populations. Semin. Immunopathol. 2011, 33(6):563-572.
318. Tao S., Young C., Redenti S., Zhang Y., Klassen H., Desai T., Young M.J. Survival, migration and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells transplanted on micro-machined poly(methyl methacrylate) scaffolds to the subretinal space. Lab. Chip 2007, 7(6):695-701.
319. Tarallo V., Hirano Y., Gelfand B.D., Dridi S., Kerur N., Kim Y., Cho W.G., Kaneko H., Fowler B.J., Bogdanovich S., Albuquerque R.J., Hauswirth W.W., Chiodo V.A., Kugel J.F., Goodrich J.A., Ponicsan S.L., Chaudhuri G., Murphy M.P., Dunaief J.L., Ambati B.K., Ogura Y., Yoo J.W., Lee D.K., Provost P., Hinton D.R., Núñez G., Baffi J.Z., Kleinman M.E., Ambati J. DICER1 loss and Alu RNA induce age-related macular degeneration via the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88. Cell 2012 May 11, 149(4):847-859.
320. Taylor C., Bolton E., Pocock S., Sharples L., Pedersen R., Bradley J. Banking on human embryonic stem cells: estimating the number of donor cell lin es needed for HLA matching. Lancet 2005, 366(9502):2019-2025. Dec 10.
321. Tezcaner A., Bugra K., Hasirci V. Retinal pigment epithelium cell culture on surface modified poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) thin films. Biomaterials 2003, 24(25):4573-4583.
322. Tezel T.H., Kaplan H.J., Del Priore L.V. Fate of human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto layers of human Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1999, 40(2):467-476.
323. Tezel T.H., Del Priore L.V., Berger A.S., Kaplan H.J. Adult retinal pigment epithelial transplantation in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 143(4):584-595.
324. Thaung C., Arnold K., Jackson I.J., Coffey P.J. Presence of visual head tracking differentiates normal sighted from retinal degenerate mice. Neurosci. Lett. 2002, 325(1):21-24.
325. Thomas B.B., Seiler M.J., Sadda S.R., Aramant R.B. Superior colliculus responses to light - preserved by transplantation in a slow degeneration rat model. Exp. Eye Res. 2004, 79(1):29-39.
326. Thomas B.B., Shi D., Khine K., Kim L.A., Sadda S.R. Modulatory influence of stimulus parameters on optokinetic head-tracking response. Neurosci. Lett. 2010, 479(2):92-96.
327. Thompson S., Philp A.R., Stone E.M. Visual function testing: a quantifiable visually guided behavior in mice. Vis. Res. 2008, 48(3):346-352.
328. Thompson S., Blodi F.R., Lee S., Welder C.R., Mullins R.F., Tucker B.A., Stasheff S.F., Stone E.M. Photoreceptor cells with profound structural deficits can support useful vision in mice. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2014, 55(3):1859-1866.
329. Thomson J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor J., Shapiro S.S., Waknitz M.A., Swiergiel J.J., Marshall V.S., Jones J.M. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998, 282(5391):1145-1147.
330. Thomson H.A., Treharne A.J., Backholer L.S., Cuda F., Grossel M.C., Lotery A.J. Biodegradable poly(alpha-hydroxy ester) blended microspheres as suitable carriers for retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation. J.Biomed. Mater. Res. A 2010, 95(4):1233-1243.
331. Timmins N.E., Palfreyman E., Marturana F., Dietmair S., Luikenga S., Lopez G., Fung Y.L., Minchinton R., Nielsen L.K. Clinical scale ex vivo manufacture of neutrophils from hematopoietic progenitor cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng 2009 Nov 1, 104(4):832-840.
332. Tochitsky I., Polosukhina A., Degtyar V.E., Gallerani N., Smith C.M., Friedman A., Van Gelder R.N., Trauner D., Kaufer D., Kramer R.H. Restoring visual function to blind mice with a photoswitch that exploits electrophysiological remodeling of retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 2014, 81(4):800-813.
333. Tolentino M.J., Dennrick A., John E., Tolentino M.S. Drugs in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 2014, 1-17.
334. Tomita M., Lavik E., Klassen H., Zahir T., Langer R., Young M.J. Biodegradable polymer composite grafts promote the survival and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2005, 23(10):1579-1588.
335. Tomkins-Netzer O., Taylor S.R., Bar A., Lula A., Yaganti S., Talat L., Lightman S. Treatment with repeat dexamethasone implants results in long-term disease control in eyes with noninfectious uveitis. Ophthalmology 2014, 121(8):1649-1654.
336. Tomoda K., Takahashi K., Leung K., Okada A., Narita M., Yamada N.A., Eilertson K.E., Tsang P., Baba S., White M.P., Sami S., Srivastava D., Conklin B.R., Panning B., Yamanaka S. Derivation conditions impact X-inactivation status in female human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell. Stem Cell. 2012, 11(1):91-99.
337. Treharne A.J., Grossel M.C., Lotery A.J., Thomson H.A. The chemistry of retinal transplantation: the influence of polymer scaffold properties on retinal cell adhesion and control. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2011, 95(6):768-773.
338. Trempe C. Ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration. N.Engl. J. Med. 2011, 364(6):581-582.
339. Treumer F., Bunse A., Klatt C., Roider J. Autologous retinal pigment epithelium-choroid sheet transplantation in age related macular degeneration: morphological and functional results. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 91(3):349-353.
340. Tucker B.A., Redenti S.M., Jiang C., Swift J.S., Klassen H.J., Smith M.E., Wnek G.E., Young M.J. The use of progenitor cell/biodegradable MMP2-PLGA polymer constructs to enhance cellular integration and retinal repopulation. Biomaterials 2010, 31(1):9-19.
341. Tucker B.A., Park I.H., Qi S.D., Klassen H.J., Jiang C., Yao J., Redenti S., Daley G.Q., Young M.J. Transplantation of adult mouse iPS cell-derived photoreceptor precursors restores retinal structure and function in degenerative mice. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e18992.
342. van Meurs J.C., Van Den Biesen P.R. Autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: short-term follow-up. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2003, 136(4):688-695.
343. van Zeeburg E.J., Maaijwee K.J., Missotten T.O., Heimann H., van Meurs J.C. Afree retinal pigment epithelium-choroid graft in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: results up to 7 years. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2012, 153(1):120-127 e122.
344. Virgili G., Bini A. Laser photocoagulation for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2007, 3:CD004763.
345. Vugler A., Lawrence J., Walsh J., Carr A., Gias C., Semo M., Ahmado A., da Cruz L., Andrews P., Coffey P. Embryonic stem cells and retinal repair. Mech. Dev. 2007, 124(11-12):807-829.
346. Wang Y., Kim Y.M., Langer R. Invivo degradation characteristics of poly(glycerol sebacate). J.Biomed. Mater. Res. A 2003, 66(1):192-197.
347. Wang S., Lu B., Girman S., Holmes T., Bischoff N., Lund R.D. Morphological and functional rescue in RCS rats after RPE cell line transplantation at a later stage of degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49(1):416-421.
348. Wang S., Lu B., Girman S., Duan J., McFarland T., Zhang Q.S., Grompe M., Adamus G., Appukuttan B., Lund R. Non-invasive stem cell therapy in a rat model for retinal degeneration and vascular pathology. PLoS One 2010, 5(2):e9200.
349. Warfvinge K., Kiilgaard J.F., Lavik E.B., Scherfig E., Langer R., Klassen H.J., Young M.J. Retinal progenitor cell xenografts to the pig retina: morphologic integration and cytochemical differentiation. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2005, 123(10):1385-1393.
350. Warfvinge K., Kiilgaard J.F., Klassen H., Zamiri P., Scherfig E., Streilein W., Prause J.U., Young M.J. Retinal progenitor cell xenografts to the pig retina: immunological reactions. Cell. Transpl. 2006, 15(7):603-612.
351. Webber A., Hirose R., Vincenti F. Novel strategies in immunosuppression: issues in perspective. Transplantation 2011, 91(10):1057-1064.
352. Wenkel H., Streilein J.W. Analysis of immune deviation elicited by antigens injected into the subretinal space. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39(10):1823-1834.
353. Wenkel H., Streilein J.W. Evidence that retinal pigment epithelium functions as an immune-privileged tissue. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000, 41(11):3467-3473.
354. Whiteley S.J., Litchfield T.M., Coffey P.J., Lund R.D. Improvement of the pupillary light reflex of Royal College of Surgeons rats following RPE cell grafts. Exp. Neurol. 1996, 140(1):100-104.
355. Wilmut I., Schnieke A.E., McWhir J., Kind A.J., Campbell K.H. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 1997, 385(6619):810-813.
356. Wright K.L., Ting J.P. Epigenetic regulation of MHC-II and CIITA genes. Trends Immunol. 2006, 27(9):405-412.
357. Wu Z., Ayton L.N., Luu C.D., Guymer R.H. Relationship between retinal microstructures on optical coherence tomography and microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2014 Jul, 121(7):1445-1452.
358. Yang M., Liu L. MHC II gene knockout in tissue engineering may prevent immune rejection of transplants. Med. Hypotheses 2008, 70(4):798-801.
359. Ying G.S., Kim B.J., Maguire M.G., Huang J., Daniel E., Jaffe G.J., Grunwald J.E., Blinder K.J., Flaxel C.J., Rahhal F., Regillo C., Martin D.F. Sustained visual acuity loss in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014, 132(8):915-921.
360. Young M., Chui L., Fallah N., Or C., Merkur A.B., Kirker A.W., Albiani D.A., Forooghian F. Exacerbation of choroidal and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2014, 34(7):1308-1315.
361. Zamiri P., Masli S., Kitaichi N., Taylor A.W., Streilein J.W. Thrombospondin plays a vital role in the immune privilege of the eye. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005, 46(3):908-919.
362. Zamiri P., Masli S., Streilein J.W., Taylor A.W. Pigment epithelial growth factor suppresses inflammation by modulating macrophage activation. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006, 47(9):3912-3918.
363. Zamiri P., Sugita S., Streilein J.W. Immunosuppressive properties of the pigmented epithelial cells and the subretinal space. Chem. Immunol. Allergy 2007, 92:86-93.
364. Zarbin M.A. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122(4):598-614.
365. Zarbin M.A., Rosenfeld P.J. Pathway-based therapies for age-related macular degeneration: an integrated survey of emerging treatment alternatives. Retina 2010, 30(9):1350-1367.
366. Zeiss C.J. Animals as models of age-related macular degeneration: an imperfect measure of the truth. Vet. Pathol. 2010, 47(3):396-413.
367. Zhang X., Bok D. Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and immune response in the subretinal space. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39(6):1021-1027.
368. Zhang K., Ding S. Stem cells and eye development. N.Engl. J. Med. 2011, 365(4):370-372.
369. Zhang K., Hopkins J.J., Heier J.S., Birch D.G., Halperin L.S., Albini T.A., Brown D.M., Jaffe G.J., Tao W., Williams G.A. Ciliary neurotrophic factor delivered by encapsulated cell intraocular implants for treatment of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108(15):6241-6245.
370. Zhang L., Liu L., Philip A.L., Martinez J.C., Guttierez J.C., Marella M., Patki G., Matsuno-Yagi A., Yagi T., Thomas B.B. Long-term evaluation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy-like symptoms in rotenone administered rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2014, 585C:171-176.
371. Zhao J., Ouyang H., Patel H., Xue Y., Quach J., Sfeir N., Zhang M., Fu X., Ding S., Chen S., Zhang K. Induction of retinal progenitors and neurons from mammalian Muller glia under defined conditions. J. Biol. Chem 2014, 289(17):11945-11951.
372. Zhao T., Zhang Z.N., Rong Z., Xu Y. Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2011, 474(7350):212-215.
373. Zhu D., Deng X., Spee C., Sonoda S., Hsieh C.L., Barron E., Pera M., Hinton D.R. Polarized secretion of PEDF from human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE promotes retinal progenitor cell survival. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011, 52(3):1573-1585.
374. Zhu Y., Carido M., Meinhardt A., Kurth T., Karl M.O., Ader M., Tanaka E.M. Three-dimensional neuroepithelial culture from human embryonic stem cells and its use for quantitative conversion to retinal pigment epithelium. PLoS One 2013, 8(1):e54552.