메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 284-305

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer: An updated perspective

Author keywords

Bronchial; Carcinogenesis; Chromate

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN; CHROMIC ACID; CHROMIUM; PROTEIN KINASE; PROTEIN P53; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

EID: 84860535109     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: 18755453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920012799320464     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (393)
  • 3
    • 0033983874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation
    • Kotaś, J.; Stasicka, Z. Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation. Environ. Pollut., 2000, 107, 263-283.
    • (2000) Environ. Pollut. , vol.107 , pp. 263-283
    • Kotaś, J.1    Stasicka, Z.2
  • 4
    • 0002981146 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of the carcinogen chromate by cellular constituents
    • Connett, P. H.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Metabolism of the carcinogen chromate by cellular constituents. Struct. Bond, 1983, 54, 93-124.
    • (1983) Struct. Bond , vol.54 , pp. 93-124
    • Connett, P.H.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 5
    • 0000212769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation and mobility of trivalent chromium in manganese-enriched clays during electrokinetic remediation
    • Chinthamreddy, S.; Reddy, K. R. Oxidation and mobility of trivalent chromium in manganese-enriched clays during electrokinetic remediation. J. Soil Contam., 1999, 8, 197-216.
    • (1999) J. Soil Contam. , vol.8 , pp. 197-216
    • Chinthamreddy, S.1    Reddy, K.R.2
  • 9
    • 0023191211 scopus 로고
    • Induction of anchorage independence in human diploid foreskin fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal salts
    • Biedermann, K. A.; Landolph, J. R. Induction of anchorage independence in human diploid foreskin fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal salts. Cancer Res., 1987, 47, 3815-3823.
    • (1987) Cancer Res. , vol.47 , pp. 3815-3823
    • Biedermann, K.A.1    Landolph, J.R.2
  • 10
    • 0025672613 scopus 로고
    • Role of valence state and solubility of chromium compounds on induction of cytotoxicity, mutagenesis, and anchorage independence in diploid human fibroblasts
    • Biedermann, K. A; Landolph, J. R. Role of valence state and solubility of chromium compounds on induction of cytotoxicity, mutagenesis, and anchorage independence in diploid human fibroblasts. Cancer Res., 1990, 50, 7835-7842.
    • (1990) Cancer Res. , vol.50 , pp. 7835-7842
    • Biedermann, K.A.1    Landolph, J.R.2
  • 11
    • 0000624180 scopus 로고
    • Effect of trivalent chromium complexes on glucose uptake by epididymal fat tissue of rats
    • Mertz, W.; Roginski, E. E.; Swarz, K. Effect of trivalent chromium complexes on glucose uptake by epididymal fat tissue of rats. J. Biol. Chem., 1961, 236, 318-322.
    • (1961) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.236 , pp. 318-322
    • Mertz, W.1    Roginski, E.E.2    Swarz, K.3
  • 12
    • 0033024516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of chromium action: Low-molecularweight chromium-binding substance
    • Vincent, J. B. Mechanisms of chromium action: low-molecularweight chromium-binding substance. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 1999, 18, 6-12.
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.18 , pp. 6-12
    • Vincent, J.B.1
  • 13
    • 0034042877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is chromium a trace essential metal?
    • Stearns, D. M. Is chromium a trace essential metal? Biofactors, 2000, 11, 149-162.
    • (2000) Biofactors , vol.11 , pp. 149-162
    • Stearns, D.M.1
  • 14
    • 61549107267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium supplementation enhances insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of obese KK/HlJ diabetic mice
    • Chen, W. Y.; Chen, C. J.; Liu, C. H.; Mao, F. C. Chromium supplementation enhances insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of obese KK/HlJ diabetic mice. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 2009, 11, 293-303.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.11 , pp. 293-303
    • Chen, W.Y.1    Chen, C.J.2    Liu, C.H.3    Mao, F.C.4
  • 15
    • 79955664914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of L-arabinose and chromium lowers circulating glucose and insulin levels after an acute oral sucrose challenge
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Kaats, G. R.; Keith, S. C.; Keith, P. L.; Leckie, R. B.; Perricone, N. V.; Preuss, H. G. A combination of L-arabinose and chromium lowers circulating glucose and insulin levels after an acute oral sucrose challenge. Nutr. J., 2011, 10, 42. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2011) Nutr. J. , vol.10 , pp. 42
    • Kaats, G.R.1    Keith, S.C.2    Keith, P.L.3    Leckie, R.B.4    Perricone, N.V.5    Preuss, H.G.6
  • 16
    • 84860534178 scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services
    • Hexavalent chromium. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1993.
    • (1993) Hexavalent Chromium
  • 17
    • 0025023491 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cancer among ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers: An extended observation period
    • Långard, S.; Andersen, A.; Ravnestad, J. Incidence of cancer among ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers: an extended observation period. Br. J. Ind. Med., 1990, 47, 14-19.
    • (1990) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.47 , pp. 14-19
    • Långard, S.1    Andersen, A.2    Ravnestad, J.3
  • 18
    • 0025933440 scopus 로고
    • Risk of cancer for arc welders in the Federal Republic of Germany: Results of a second follow up (1983-8)
    • Becker, N.; Chang-Claude, J.; Frentzel-Beyme, R. Risk of cancer for arc welders in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a second follow up (1983-8). Br. J. Ind. Med., 1991, 48, 675-683.
    • (1991) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.48 , pp. 675-683
    • Becker, N.1    Chang-Claude, J.2    Frentzel-Beyme, R.3
  • 19
    • 0034008164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold mechanisms and site specificity in chromium (VI) carcinogenesis
    • De Flora, S. Threshold mechanisms and site specificity in chromium (VI) carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 533-541.
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 533-541
    • De Flora, S.1
  • 20
    • 0016751665 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of chromic acid in the chromium plating industry (1)
    • Royle, H. Toxicity of chromic acid in the chromium plating industry (1). Environ. Res., 1975, 10, 39-53.
    • (1975) Environ. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 39-53
    • Royle, H.1
  • 21
    • 0020640902 scopus 로고
    • Mortality experience among chromeplating workers. Initial findings
    • Franchini, I.; Magnani, F.; Mutti, A. Mortality experience among chromeplating workers. Initial findings. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 1983, 9, 247-252.
    • (1983) Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , vol.9 , pp. 247-252
    • Franchini, I.1    Magnani, F.2    Mutti, A.3
  • 22
    • 0025288243 scopus 로고
    • Mortality study among workers producing ferroalloys and stainless steel in France
    • Moulin, J. J.; Portefaix, P.; Wild, P.; Mur, J. M.; Smagghe, G.; Mantout, B. Mortality study among workers producing ferroalloys and stainless steel in France. Br. J. Ind. Med., 1990, 47, 537-543.
    • (1990) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.47 , pp. 537-543
    • Moulin, J.J.1    Portefaix, P.2    Wild, P.3    Mur, J.M.4    Smagghe, G.5    Mantout, B.6
  • 24
    • 33644990108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans
    • Costa, M.; Klein, C. B. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 2006, 36, 155-163.
    • (2006) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.36 , pp. 155-163
    • Costa, M.1    Klein, C.B.2
  • 25
    • 0033945125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production
    • Gibb, H. J.; Lees, P. S.; Pinsky, P. F.; Rooney, B. C. Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production. Am. J. Ind. Med., 2000, 38, 115-126.
    • (2000) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 115-126
    • Gibb, H.J.1    Lees, P.S.2    Pinsky, P.F.3    Rooney, B.C.4
  • 26
    • 8844227489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: A quantitative risk assessment
    • Park, R. M.; Bena, J. F.; Stayner, L. T.; Smith, R. J.; Gibb, H. J.; Lees, P. S. Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: a quantitative risk assessment. Risk Anal., 2004, 24, 1099-1108.
    • (2004) Risk Anal. , vol.24 , pp. 1099-1108
    • Park, R.M.1    Bena, J.F.2    Stayner, L.T.3    Smith, R.J.4    Gibb, H.J.5    Lees, P.S.6
  • 29
    • 0031023543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of oxidative stress by chronic administration of sodium dichromate [chromium VI] and cadmium chloride [cadmium II] to rats
    • Bagchi, D.; Vuchetich, P. J.; Bagchi, M.; Hassoun, E. A.; Tran, M. X.; Tang, L.; Stohs, S. J. Induction of oxidative stress by chronic administration of sodium dichromate [chromium VI] and cadmium chloride [cadmium II] to rats. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1997, 22, 471-478.
    • (1997) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 471-478
    • Bagchi, D.1    Vuchetich, P.J.2    Bagchi, M.3    Hassoun, E.A.4    Tran, M.X.5    Tang, L.6    Stohs, S.J.7
  • 30
    • 0035844143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) induces oxidative stress in the mouse brain
    • Travacio, M.; Polo, J. M.; Llesuy, S. Chromium (VI) induces oxidative stress in the mouse brain. Toxicology, 2001, 162, 139-148.
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.162 , pp. 139-148
    • Travacio, M.1    Polo, J.M.2    Llesuy, S.3
  • 33
    • 0029267021 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of chromate in human red blood cells and isolated rat liver cells: The role of the anion carrier
    • Alexander, J.; Aaseth, J. Uptake of chromate in human red blood cells and isolated rat liver cells: the role of the anion carrier. Analyst, 1995, 120, 931-933.
    • (1995) Analyst , vol.120 , pp. 931-933
    • Alexander, J.1    Aaseth, J.2
  • 34
    • 0028027510 scopus 로고
    • Fine tuning the specificity of the periplasmic phosphate transport receptor: Sitedirected mutagenesis, ligand binding, and crystallographic studies
    • Wang, Z.; Choudhary, A.; Ledvina, P. S.; Quiocho, F. A. Fine tuning the specificity of the periplasmic phosphate transport receptor: sitedirected mutagenesis, ligand binding, and crystallographic studies. J. Biol. Chem., 1994, 269, 25091-25094.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 25091-25094
    • Wang, Z.1    Choudhary, A.2    Ledvina, P.S.3    Quiocho, F.A.4
  • 35
    • 0015346590 scopus 로고
    • Historical account of the contributions of E. C
    • Paxton, H. W.; Austin, J. B. Historical account of the contributions of E. C. Bain. Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1972, 3, 1035-1042.
    • (1972) Bain. Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.3 , pp. 1035-1042
    • Paxton, H.W.1    Austin, J.B.2
  • 36
    • 0034672552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of collagenase by Cr (III): Its relevance to stabilization of collagen
    • Gayatri, R.; Rajaram, R.; Ramasami, T. Inhibition of collagenase by Cr (III): its relevance to stabilization of collagen. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2000, 1524, 228-237.
    • (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1524 , pp. 228-237
    • Gayatri, R.1    Rajaram, R.2    Ramasami, T.3
  • 37
    • 0016758723 scopus 로고
    • Chromium carcinogenesis, formation of epoxyaldehydes and tanning
    • Schoental, R. Chromium carcinogenesis, formation of epoxyaldehydes and tanning. Br. J. Cancer, 1975, 32, 403-404.
    • (1975) Br. J. Cancer , vol.32 , pp. 403-404
    • Schoental, R.1
  • 38
    • 0024472481 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic risk assessment criteria associated with inhalation of airborne particulates containing chromium (VI/III)
    • Friess, S. L. Carcinogenic risk assessment criteria associated with inhalation of airborne particulates containing chromium (VI/III). Sci. Total Environ., 1989, 86, 109-112.
    • (1989) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.86 , pp. 109-112
    • Friess, S.L.1
  • 39
    • 0025988348 scopus 로고
    • Chromium cycling in soils and water: Links, gaps, and methods
    • Bartlett, R. J. Chromium cycling in soils and water: links, gaps, and methods. Environ. Health Perspect., 1991, 92, 17-24.
    • (1991) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.92 , pp. 17-24
    • Bartlett, R.J.1
  • 41
    • 0026800601 scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) reducing capacity of ascorbic acid and of human plasma in vitro
    • Capellmann, M.; Bolt, H. M. Chromium (VI) reducing capacity of ascorbic acid and of human plasma in vitro. Arch. Toxicol., 1992, 66, 45-50.
    • (1992) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.66 , pp. 45-50
    • Capellmann, M.1    Bolt, H.M.2
  • 42
    • 0028356321 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of chromate workers' cancers, chromium lung deposition and precancerous bronchial lesions: An autopsy study
    • Ishikawa, Y.; Nakagawa, K.; Satoh, Y.; Kitagawa, T.; Sugano, H.; Hirano, T.; Tsuchiya, E. Characteristics of chromate workers' cancers, chromium lung deposition and precancerous bronchial lesions: an autopsy study. Br. J. Cancer, 1994, 70, 160-166.
    • (1994) Br. J. Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 160-166
    • Ishikawa, Y.1    Nakagawa, K.2    Satoh, Y.3    Kitagawa, T.4    Sugano, H.5    Hirano, T.6    Tsuchiya, E.7
  • 46
    • 13944261633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability and protein expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene, hMLH1, of lung cancer in chromate-exposed workers
    • Takahashi, Y., Kondo, K., Hirose, T., Nakagawa, H., Tsuyuguchi, M., Hashimoto, M., Sano, T., Ochiai, A., Monden, Y. Microsatellite instability and protein expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene, hMLH1, of lung cancer in chromate-exposed workers. Mol. Carcinog., 2005, 42, 150-158.
    • (2005) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.42 , pp. 150-158
    • Takahashi, Y.1    Kondo, K.2    Hirose, T.3    Nakagawa, H.4    Tsuyuguchi, M.5    Hashimoto, M.6    Sano, T.7    Ochiai, A.8    Monden, Y.9
  • 49
    • 0035171991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TP53 mutation spectrum in lung cancers and mutagenic signature of components of tobacco smoke: Lessons from the IARC TP53 mutation database
    • Hainaut, P.; Olivier, M.; Pfeifer, G. P. TP53 mutation spectrum in lung cancers and mutagenic signature of components of tobacco smoke: lessons from the IARC TP53 mutation database. Mutagenesis, 2001, 16, 551-553.
    • (2001) Mutagenesis , vol.16 , pp. 551-553
    • Hainaut, P.1    Olivier, M.2    Pfeifer, G.P.3
  • 50
    • 34247849404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological study of the association of metal air pollutants with lung cancer incidence in Texas
    • Coyle, Y. M.; Minahjuddin, A. T.; Hynan, L. S.; Minna, J. D. An ecological study of the association of metal air pollutants with lung cancer incidence in Texas. J. Thorac. Oncol., 2006, 1, 654-661.
    • (2006) J. Thorac. Oncol. , vol.1 , pp. 654-661
    • Coyle, Y.M.1    Minahjuddin, A.T.2    Hynan, L.S.3    Minna, J.D.4
  • 53
    • 77951440874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium in two population-based casecontrol studies in Montreal
    • 2010
    • Beveridge R., Pintos J., Parent M. E., Asselin J., Siemiatycki J., 2010. Lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium in two population-based casecontrol studies in Montreal. Am. J. Ind. Med., 2010, 53, 476-485.
    • (2010) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.53 , pp. 476-485
    • Beveridge, R.1    Pintos, J.2    Parent, M.E.3    Asselin, J.4    Siemiatycki, J.5
  • 54
    • 0019225636 scopus 로고
    • Cell death: The significance of apoptosis
    • Wyllie, A. H.; Kerr, J. F.; Currie, A. R. Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol., 1980, 68, 251-306.
    • (1980) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.68 , pp. 251-306
    • Wyllie, A.H.1    Kerr, J.F.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 55
    • 12444279265 scopus 로고
    • On the origin of cancer cells
    • Warburg, O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science, 1956, 123, 309-314.
    • (1956) Science , vol.123 , pp. 309-314
    • Warburg, O.1
  • 56
    • 78249286217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer metabolism: The Warburg effect today
    • Ferreira, L. M. R. Cancer metabolism: the Warburg effect today. Exp. Mol. Pathol., 2010, 89, 372-380.
    • (2010) Exp. Mol. Pathol. , vol.89 , pp. 372-380
    • Ferreira, L.M.R.1
  • 57
    • 0018757952 scopus 로고
    • Differential cytotoxic activity of potassium dichromate on nucleoside uptake in BHK fibroblasts
    • Bianchi, V.; Levis, A. G.; Saggioro, D. Differential cytotoxic activity of potassium dichromate on nucleoside uptake in BHK fibroblasts. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1979, 24, 137-151.
    • (1979) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.24 , pp. 137-151
    • Bianchi, V.1    Levis, A.G.2    Saggioro, D.3
  • 58
    • 0017874926 scopus 로고
    • Effects of potassium dichromate on nucleic acid and protein syntheses and on precursor uptake in BHK fibroblasts
    • Levis, A. G.; Buttignol, M.; Bianchi, V.; Sponza, G. Effects of potassium dichromate on nucleic acid and protein syntheses and on precursor uptake in BHK fibroblasts. Cancer Res., 1978, 38, 110-116.
    • (1978) Cancer Res. , vol.38 , pp. 110-116
    • Levis, A.G.1    Buttignol, M.2    Bianchi, V.3    Sponza, G.4
  • 59
    • 44649163957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: Generation of Cr (V) and Cr (V)-thiol species
    • Borthiry, G. R.; Antholine, W. E.; Myers, J. M.; Myers, C. R. Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: generation of Cr (V) and Cr (V)-thiol species. J. Inorg. Biochem., 2008, 102, 1449-1462.
    • (2008) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.102 , pp. 1449-1462
    • Borthiry, G.R.1    Antholine, W.E.2    Myers, J.M.3    Myers, C.R.4
  • 60
    • 0024431135 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vitamin E and vitamin B2 on chromateinduced DNA lesions
    • Sugiyama, M. Effects of vitamin E and vitamin B2 on chromateinduced DNA lesions. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 1989, 21, 399-404.
    • (1989) Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 399-404
    • Sugiyama, M.1
  • 61
    • 0025943453 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vitamins on chromium (VI)-induced damage
    • Sugiyama, M. Effects of vitamins on chromium (VI)-induced damage. Environ. Health Perspect., 1991, 92, 63-70.
    • (1991) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.92 , pp. 63-70
    • Sugiyama, M.1
  • 62
    • 0026699182 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of sodium chromate (VI)-induced chromosomal aberrations and mutation by vitamin B2 in Chinese hamster V79 cells
    • Sugiyama, M.; Tsuzuki, K.; Lin, X.; Costa, M. Potentiation of sodium chromate (VI)-induced chromosomal aberrations and mutation by vitamin B2 in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutat. Res., 1992, 283, 211-214.
    • (1992) Mutat. Res. , vol.283 , pp. 211-214
    • Sugiyama, M.1    Tsuzuki, K.2    Lin, X.3    Costa, M.4
  • 63
    • 0024427134 scopus 로고
    • Chromium (V) and hydroxyl radical formation during the glutathione reductase-catalyzed reduction of chromium (VI)
    • Shi, X. L.; Dalal, N. S. Chromium (V) and hydroxyl radical formation during the glutathione reductase-catalyzed reduction of chromium (VI). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1989, 163, 627-634.
    • (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.163 , pp. 627-634
    • Shi, X.L.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 64
    • 0034807853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death and modulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene
    • Bagchi, D.; Bagchi, M.; Stohs, S. J. Chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death and modulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2001, 222, 149-158.
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.222 , pp. 149-158
    • Bagchi, D.1    Bagchi, M.2    Stohs, S.J.3
  • 65
    • 0742289404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr (VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction
    • Wang, S.; Leonard, S. S.; Ye, J.; Gao, N.; Wang, L.; Shi, X. Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr (VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2004, 255, 119-127.
    • (2004) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.255 , pp. 119-127
    • Wang, S.1    Leonard, S.S.2    Ye, J.3    Gao, N.4    Wang, L.5    Shi, X.6
  • 66
    • 29944434766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-oxidative vs antioxidative properties of ascorbic acid in chromium (VI)-induced damage: An in vivo and in vitro approach
    • Poljśak, B.; Gazdag, Z.; Jenko-Brinovec, Š.; Fujs, Š.; Pesti, M.; Bélagyi, J.; Plesničar, S.; Raspor, P. Pro-oxidative vs antioxidative properties of ascorbic acid in chromium (VI)-induced damage: an in vivo and in vitro approach. J. Appl. Toxicol., 2005, 25, 535-548.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 535-548
    • Poljśak, B.1    Gazdag, Z.2    Jenko-Brinovec, Š.3    Fujs, Š.4    Pesti, M.5    Bélagyi, J.6    Plesničar, S.7    Raspor, P.8
  • 67
    • 32444433202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
    • Valko, M.; Rhodes, C. J.; Moncol, J.; Izakovic, M.; Mazur, M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2006, 160, 1-40.
    • (2006) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.160 , pp. 1-40
    • Valko, M.1    Rhodes, C.J.2    Moncol, J.3    Izakovic, M.4    Mazur, M.5
  • 70
    • 61449204007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium dichromate induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells
    • Patlolla, A. K.; Barnes, C.; Hackett, D.; Tchounwou, P. B. Potassium dichromate induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2009, 6, 643-653.
    • (2009) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 643-653
    • Patlolla, A.K.1    Barnes, C.2    Hackett, D.3    Tchounwou, P.B.4
  • 71
    • 77952892185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr (VI) induces mitochondrialmediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated p53 activation in JB6 Cl41 cells
    • Son, Y. O.; Hitron, J. A.; Wang, X.; Chang, Q.; Pan, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, J.; Wang.; Lee, J. C.; Shi, X. Cr (VI) induces mitochondrialmediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated p53 activation in JB6 Cl41 cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2010, 245, 226-235.
    • (2010) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.245 , pp. 226-235
    • Son, Y.O.1    Hitron, J.A.2    Wang, X.3    Chang, Q.4    Pan, J.5    Zhang, Z.6    Liu, J.7    Wang8    Lee, J.C.9    Shi, X.10
  • 72
    • 0022806749 scopus 로고
    • In vitro steadystate levels of hydrogen peroxide after exposure of male F344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice to hepatic peroxisome proliferators
    • Tomaszewski, K. E.; Agarwal, D. K.; Melnick, R. L. In vitro steadystate levels of hydrogen peroxide after exposure of male F344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice to hepatic peroxisome proliferators. Carcinogenesis, 1986, 7, 1871-1876.
    • (1986) Carcinogenesis , vol.7 , pp. 1871-1876
    • Tomaszewski, K.E.1    Agarwal, D.K.2    Melnick, R.L.3
  • 73
    • 0032428645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypervalent chromium mimics reactive oxygen species as measured by the oxidantsensitive dyes 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin and dihydrorhodamine
    • Martin, B. D.; Schoenhard, J. A.; Sugden, K. D. Hypervalent chromium mimics reactive oxygen species as measured by the oxidantsensitive dyes 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin and dihydrorhodamine. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 1998, 11, 1402-1410.
    • (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.11 , pp. 1402-1410
    • Martin, B.D.1    Schoenhard, J.A.2    Sugden, K.D.3
  • 75
    • 77949423501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of antioxidant defense system to chromium (VI)-induced cytotoxicity defense system to chromium (VI)-induced cytotoxicity in human diploid cells
    • Asatiani, N.; Abuladze, M.; Kartvelishvili, T.; Kulikova, N.; Asanishvili, L.; Holman, H. Y.; Sapojnikova, N. Response of antioxidant defense system to chromium (VI)-induced cytotoxicity defense system to chromium (VI)-induced cytotoxicity in human diploid cells. Biometals, 2010, 23, 161-172.
    • (2010) Biometals , vol.23 , pp. 161-172
    • Asatiani, N.1    Abuladze, M.2    Kartvelishvili, T.3    Kulikova, N.4    Asanishvili, L.5    Holman, H.Y.6    Sapojnikova, N.7
  • 76
    • 0142058357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, hogg1 expression and NF-κB activity in cells exposed to low level chromium
    • Kim, Y. D.; An, S. C.; Oyama, T.; Kawamoto, T.; Kim, H. Oxidative stress, hogg1 expression and NF-κB activity in cells exposed to low level chromium. J. Occup. Health, 2003, 45, 271-277.
    • (2003) J. Occup. Health , vol.45 , pp. 271-277
    • Kim, Y.D.1    An, S.C.2    Oyama, T.3    Kawamoto, T.4    Kim, H.5
  • 78
    • 0026334915 scopus 로고
    • Chromium (III) bound to DNA templates promotes increased polymerase processivity and decreased fidelity during replication in vitro
    • Snow, E. T.; Shu, L. S. Chromium (III) bound to DNA templates promotes increased polymerase processivity and decreased fidelity during replication in vitro. Biochemistry, 1991, 30, 11238-11245.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 11238-11245
    • Snow, E.T.1    Shu, L.S.2
  • 79
    • 0023821556 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells to focus formation and anchorage independence by insoluble lead but not soluble calcium chromate: Relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particle
    • Patierno, S. R.; Banh, D.; Landolph, J. R. Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells to focus formation and anchorage independence by insoluble lead but not soluble calcium chromate: relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particle. Cancer Res., 1988, 48, 5280-5288.
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 5280-5288
    • Patierno, S.R.1    Banh, D.2    Landolph, J.R.3
  • 81
    • 36849043094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient repair of particulate hexavalent chromium-induced DNA double strand breaks leads to neoplastic transformation
    • Xie, H.; Wise, S. S.; Wise Sr, J. P. Deficient repair of particulate hexavalent chromium-induced DNA double strand breaks leads to neoplastic transformation. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 2008, 649, 230-238.
    • (2008) Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , vol.649 , pp. 230-238
    • Xie, H.1    Wise, S.S.2    Wise Sr., J.P.3
  • 82
    • 77951627581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated Bcl-2 stabilization potentiates malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells
    • Azad, N.; Iyer, A. K. V.; Wang, L.; Lu, Y.; Medan, D.; Castranova, V.; Rojanasakul, Y. Nitric oxide-mediated Bcl-2 stabilization potentiates malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2010, 42, 578-585.
    • (2010) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 578-585
    • Azad, N.1    Iyer, A.K.V.2    Wang, L.3    Lu, Y.4    Medan, D.5    Castranova, V.6    Rojanasakul, Y.7
  • 84
    • 70350027212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromium exposure, genomic instability and lung cancer
    • Urbano, A. M.; Rodrigues, C. F. D., Alpoim, M. C. Hexavalent chromium exposure, genomic instability and lung cancer. Gene Ther. Mol. Biol., 2008, 12, 219-238.
    • (2008) Gene Ther. Mol. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 219-238
    • Urbano, A.M.1    Rodrigues, C.F.D.2    Alpoim, M.C.3
  • 85
    • 0021239575 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory action of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) on the mitochondrial respiration and a possible coupling to the reduction of Cr (VI)
    • Ryberg, D.; Alexander, J. Inhibitory action of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) on the mitochondrial respiration and a possible coupling to the reduction of Cr (VI). Biochem. Pharmacol., 1984, 33, 2461-2466.
    • (1984) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.33 , pp. 2461-2466
    • Ryberg, D.1    Alexander, J.2
  • 86
    • 0025288456 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of chromium toxicity in mitochondria
    • Ryberg, D.; Alexander, J. Mechanisms of chromium toxicity in mitochondria. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1990, 75, 141-151.
    • (1990) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.75 , pp. 141-151
    • Ryberg, D.1    Alexander, J.2
  • 87
    • 0022916449 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of a soluble chromate in the isolated perfused rat liver
    • Wiegand, H. J.; Ottenwälder, H.; Bolt, H. M. Disposition of a soluble chromate in the isolated perfused rat liver. Xenobiotica, 1986, 16, 839-844.
    • (1986) Xenobiotica , vol.16 , pp. 839-844
    • Wiegand, H.J.1    Ottenwälder, H.2    Bolt, H.M.3
  • 88
    • 0021847946 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lung antioxidant levels in humans and laboratory animals
    • Slade, R.; Stead, A. G.; Graham, J. A.; Hatch, G. E. Comparison of lung antioxidant levels in humans and laboratory animals. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1985, 131, 742-746.
    • (1985) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.131 , pp. 742-746
    • Slade, R.1    Stead, A.G.2    Graham, J.A.3    Hatch, G.E.4
  • 89
    • 0036491684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease
    • Jacob, R. A.; Sotoudeh, G. Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. Nutr. Clin. Care, 2002, 5, 66-74.
    • (2002) Nutr. Clin. Care , vol.5 , pp. 66-74
    • Jacob, R.A.1    Sotoudeh, G.2
  • 90
    • 0034808208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of Cr (VI) by cysteine: Significance in human lymphocytes and formation of DNA damage in reactions with variable reduction rates
    • Quievryn, G.; Goulart, M.; Messer, J.; Zhitkovich, A. Reduction of Cr (VI) by cysteine: significance in human lymphocytes and formation of DNA damage in reactions with variable reduction rates. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2001, 222, 107-118
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.222 , pp. 107-118
    • Quievryn, G.1    Goulart, M.2    Messer, J.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 91
    • 0037022823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic chromium (VI) induces cross-linking of vitamin C to DNA in vitro and in human lung A549 cells
    • Quievryn, G.; Messer, J.; Zhitkovich, A. Carcinogenic chromium (VI) induces cross-linking of vitamin C to DNA in vitro and in human lung A549 cells. Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 3156-3167.
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 3156-3167
    • Quievryn, G.1    Messer, J.2    Zhitkovich, A.3
  • 92
    • 33645218975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate depletion mediates up-regulation of hypoxia-associated proteins by cell density and nickel
    • Karaczyn, A.; Ivanov, S.; Reynolds, M.; Zhitkovich, A.; Kasprzak, K. S.; Salnikow, K. Ascorbate depletion mediates up-regulation of hypoxia-associated proteins by cell density and nickel. J. Cell. Biochem., 2006, 97, 1025-1035.
    • (2006) J. Cell. Biochem. , vol.97 , pp. 1025-1035
    • Karaczyn, A.1    Ivanov, S.2    Reynolds, M.3    Zhitkovich, A.4    Kasprzak, K.S.5    Salnikow, K.6
  • 93
    • 34547732984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular vitamin C increases chromate toxicity via a death program requiring mismatch repair but not p53
    • Reynolds, M.; Zhitkovich, A. Cellular vitamin C increases chromate toxicity via a death program requiring mismatch repair but not p53. Carcinogenesis, 2007, 28, 1613-1620.
    • (2007) Carcinogenesis , vol.28 , pp. 1613-1620
    • Reynolds, M.1    Zhitkovich, A.2
  • 94
    • 0028354494 scopus 로고
    • Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate produces chromium (V), chromium (IV), and carbon-based radicals
    • Stearns, D. M.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate produces chromium (V), chromium (IV), and carbon-based radicals. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 1994, 7, 219-230.
    • (1994) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.7 , pp. 219-230
    • Stearns, D.M.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 95
    • 0032527711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of molecular oxygen during the reactions of chromium (VI/V/IV) with biological reductants: Implications for chromium-induced genotoxicities
    • Lay, P. A.; Levina, A. Activation of molecular oxygen during the reactions of chromium (VI/V/IV) with biological reductants: implications for chromium-induced genotoxicities. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 6704-6714.
    • (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 6704-6714
    • Lay, P.A.1    Levina, A.2
  • 96
    • 0025864517 scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium (VI) in rat liver and kidney ultrafiltrates
    • Standeven, A. M.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium (VI) in rat liver and kidney ultrafiltrates. Carcinogenesis, 1991, 12, 1733-1737.
    • (1991) Carcinogenesis , vol.12 , pp. 1733-1737
    • Standeven, A.M.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 97
    • 0026787562 scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium (VI) in rat lung ultrafiltrates and cytosols, and mediates chromium-DNA binding in vitro
    • Standeven, A. M.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium (VI) in rat lung ultrafiltrates and cytosols, and mediates chromium-DNA binding in vitro. Carcinogenesis, 1992, 13, 1319-1324.
    • (1992) Carcinogenesis , vol.13 , pp. 1319-1324
    • Standeven, A.M.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 98
    • 0028354494 scopus 로고
    • Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate produces chromium (V), chromium (IV), and carbon-based radicals
    • Stearns, D. M.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate produces chromium (V), chromium (IV), and carbon-based radicals. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 1994, 7, 219-230.
    • (1994) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.7 , pp. 219-230
    • Stearns, D.M.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 101
    • 0037417782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chromium (VI)/ascorbate-generated DNA adducts in human and bacterial cells
    • Quievryn, G.; Peterson, E.; Messer, J.; Zhitkovich, A. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chromium (VI)/ascorbate-generated DNA adducts in human and bacterial cells. Biochemistry, 2003, 42, 1062-1070.
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 1062-1070
    • Quievryn, G.1    Peterson, E.2    Messer, J.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 102
    • 0001570803 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the kinetics of the reduction of chromate by glutathione and related thiols
    • O'Brien, P.; Wang, G.; Wyatt, P. B. Studies on the kinetics of the reduction of chromate by glutathione and related thiols. Polyhedron, 1992, 11, 3211-3216.
    • (1992) Polyhedron , vol.11 , pp. 3211-3216
    • O'Brien, P.1    Wang, G.2    Wyatt, P.B.3
  • 103
    • 0025825222 scopus 로고
    • Activation of chromium (VI) by thiols results in chromium (V) formation, chromium binding to DNA and altered DNA conformation
    • Borges, K. M.; Boswell, J. S.; Liebross, R. H.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Activation of chromium (VI) by thiols results in chromium (V) formation, chromium binding to DNA and altered DNA conformation. Carcinogenesis, 1991, 12, 551-561
    • (1991) Carcinogenesis , vol.12 , pp. 551-561
    • Borges, K.M.1    Boswell, J.S.2    Liebross, R.H.3    Wetterhahn, K.E.4
  • 104
    • 11844264797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic studies of relevance to the biological activities of chromium
    • Levina, A.; Lay, P. A. Mechanistic studies of relevance to the biological activities of chromium. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2005, 42, 281-298.
    • (2005) Coord. Chem. Rev. , vol.42 , pp. 281-298
    • Levina, A.1    Lay, P.A.2
  • 105
    • 0036801386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive activation with cysteine represents a chromium (III)-dependent pathway in the induction of genotoxicity by carcinogenic chromium (VI)
    • Zhitkovich, A.; Quievryn, G.; Messer, J.; Motylevich, Z. Reductive activation with cysteine represents a chromium (III)-dependent pathway in the induction of genotoxicity by carcinogenic chromium (VI). Environ. Health Perspect., 2002, 110, 729-731.
    • (2002) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.110 , pp. 729-731
    • Zhitkovich, A.1    Quievryn, G.2    Messer, J.3    Motylevich, Z.4
  • 106
    • 0027998060 scopus 로고
    • Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide generates hydroxyl radicals and causes DNA damage: Role of a Cr (IV)-mediated Fenton-like reaction
    • Shi, X.; Mao, Y.; Knapton, A. D.; Ding, M.; Rojanasakul, Y.; Gannett, P. M.; Dalal, N.; Liu, K. Reaction of Cr (VI) with ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide generates hydroxyl radicals and causes DNA damage: role of a Cr (IV)-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Carcinogenesis, 1994, 15, 2475-2478.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 2475-2478
    • Shi, X.1    Mao, Y.2    Knapton, A.D.3    Ding, M.4    Rojanasakul, Y.5    Gannett, P.M.6    Dalal, N.7    Liu, K.8
  • 107
    • 0031447042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and hydrogen peroxideinduced chromium (V) oxidation of deoxyribose in single-stranded and double-stranded calf thymus DNA
    • Sugden, K. D.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Direct and hydrogen peroxideinduced chromium (V) oxidation of deoxyribose in single-stranded and double-stranded calf thymus DNA. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 1997, 10, 1397-1406.
    • (1997) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.10 , pp. 1397-1406
    • Sugden, K.D.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 108
    • 0032702701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI)-mediated DNA damage: Oxidative pathways resulting in the formation of DNA breaks and abasic sites
    • Casadevall, M.; da Cruz Fresco, P.; Kortenkamp, A. Chromium (VI)-mediated DNA damage: oxidative pathways resulting in the formation of DNA breaks and abasic sites. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1999, 123, 117-132.
    • (1999) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.123 , pp. 117-132
    • Casadevall, M.1    Da Cruz Fresco, P.2    Kortenkamp, A.3
  • 109
    • 22544434922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guaninespecific oxidation of double-stranded DNA by Cr (VI) and ascorbic acid forms spiroiminodihydantoin and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine
    • Slade, P. G.; Hailer, M. K.; Martin, B. D.; Sugden, K. D. Guaninespecific oxidation of double-stranded DNA by Cr (VI) and ascorbic acid forms spiroiminodihydantoin and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2005, 18, 1140-1149.
    • (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 1140-1149
    • Slade, P.G.1    Hailer, M.K.2    Martin, B.D.3    Sugden, K.D.4
  • 110
    • 0025241038 scopus 로고
    • On the hydroxyl radical formation in the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and biologically generated chromium (V) species
    • Shi, X. G.; Dalal, N. S. On the hydroxyl radical formation in the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and biologically generated chromium (V) species. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1990, 277, 342-350.
    • (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.277 , pp. 342-350
    • Shi, X.G.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 111
    • 0028006621 scopus 로고
    • Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant systems: Role of Cr (V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate (V)
    • Shi, X.; Dalal, N. S. Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant systems: role of Cr (V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate (V). Environ. Health Perspect., 1994, 102, 231-236.
    • (1994) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.102 , pp. 231-236
    • Shi, X.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 112
    • 0025653302 scopus 로고
    • ESR spin trapping detection of hydroxyl radicals in the reactions of Cr (V) complexes with hydrogen peroxide
    • Shi, X. L.; Dalal, N. S. ESR spin trapping detection of hydroxyl radicals in the reactions of Cr (V) complexes with hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic. Res. Commun., 1990, 10, 17-26.
    • (1990) Free Radic. Res. Commun. , vol.10 , pp. 17-26
    • Shi, X.L.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 113
    • 0025301337 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a Fenton-type mechanism for the generation of OH radicals in the reduction of Cr (VI) in cellular media
    • Shi, X. L; Dalal, N. S. Evidence for a Fenton-type mechanism for the generation of OH radicals in the reduction of Cr (VI) in cellular media. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1990, 281, 90-95.
    • (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.281 , pp. 90-95
    • Shi, X.L.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 114
    • 0025048722 scopus 로고
    • One-electron reduction of chromate by NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase
    • Shi, X. L.; Dalal, N. S. One-electron reduction of chromate by NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase. J. Inorg. Biochem., 1990, 40, 1-12.
    • (1990) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.40 , pp. 1-12
    • Shi, X.L.1    Dalal, N.S.2
  • 115
    • 0019725966 scopus 로고
    • Electron-transport cytochrome P-450 system is involved in the microsomal metabolism of the carcinogen chromate
    • Garcia, J. D.; Jennette, K. W. Electron-transport cytochrome P-450 system is involved in the microsomal metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. J. Inorg. Biochem., 1981, 14, 281-295.
    • (1981) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.14 , pp. 281-295
    • Garcia, J.D.1    Jennette, K.W.2
  • 116
    • 0012727524 scopus 로고
    • Microsomal reduction of the carcinogen chromate produces chromium (V)
    • Jennette, K. W. Microsomal reduction of the carcinogen chromate produces chromium (V). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 874-875.
    • (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.104 , pp. 874-875
    • Jennette, K.W.1
  • 117
    • 0025939633 scopus 로고
    • One-electron reduction of carcinogen chromate by microsomes, mitochondria, and Escherichia coli: Identification of Cr (V) and OH radical
    • Shi, X. L.; Dalal, N. S.; Vallyathan, V. One-electron reduction of carcinogen chromate by microsomes, mitochondria, and Escherichia coli: identification of Cr (V) and OH radical. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1991, 290, 381-386.
    • (1991) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.290 , pp. 381-386
    • Shi, X.L.1    Dalal, N.S.2    Vallyathan, V.3
  • 118
    • 0027439097 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic reduction of chromium (VI) by human hepatic microsomes
    • Pratt, P. F.; Myers, C. R. Enzymatic reduction of chromium (VI) by human hepatic microsomes. Carcinogenesis, 1993, 14, 2051-2057.
    • (1993) Carcinogenesis , vol.14 , pp. 2051-2057
    • Pratt, P.F.1    Myers, C.R.2
  • 119
    • 0028347091 scopus 로고
    • Chromate-mediated free radical generation from cysteine, penicillamine, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid hydroperoxides
    • Shi, X.; Dong, Z.; Dalal, N. S.; Gannett, P. M. Chromate-mediated free radical generation from cysteine, penicillamine, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid hydroperoxides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1994, 1226, 65-72.
    • (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1226 , pp. 65-72
    • Shi, X.1    Dong, Z.2    Dalal, N.S.3    Gannett, P.M.4
  • 120
    • 0022980276 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of DNA cleavage induced by sodium chromate (VI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
    • Kawanishi, S.; Inoue, S.; Sano, S. Mechanism of DNA cleavage induced by sodium chromate (VI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. J. Biol. Chem., 1986, 261, 5952-5958.
    • (1986) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.261 , pp. 5952-5958
    • Kawanishi, S.1    Inoue, S.2    Sano, S.3
  • 122
    • 77649184896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras-induced invasion and metastasis are regulated by a leukotriene B4 receptor BLT2-linked pathway
    • Kim, E. Y.; Seo, J. M.; Cho, K. J.; Kim, J. H. Ras-induced invasion and metastasis are regulated by a leukotriene B4 receptor BLT2-linked pathway. Oncogene, 2010, 29, 1167-1178.
    • (2010) Oncogene , vol.29 , pp. 1167-1178
    • Kim, E.Y.1    Seo, J.M.2    Cho, K.J.3    Kim, J.H.4
  • 123
    • 0032522137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr (III)-mediated crosslinks of glutathione or amino acids to the DNA phosphate backbone are mutagenic in human cells
    • Voitkun, V.; Zhitkovich, A.; Costa, M. Cr (III)-mediated crosslinks of glutathione or amino acids to the DNA phosphate backbone are mutagenic in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 1998, 26, 2024-2030.
    • (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.26 , pp. 2024-2030
    • Voitkun, V.1    Zhitkovich, A.2    Costa, M.3
  • 124
    • 38949195955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis and cocarcinogenesis: Nickel, arsenic, and chromium
    • Salnikow, K.; Zhitkovich, A. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis and cocarcinogenesis: nickel, arsenic, and chromium. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2008, 21, 28-44.
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 28-44
    • Salnikow, K.1    Zhitkovich, A.2
  • 126
    • 33846243745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: Basic mechanisms, functional effects, and pathological considerations
    • Kregel, K. C.; Zhang, H. J. An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: basic mechanisms, functional effects, and pathological considerations. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2007, 292, R18-R36.
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. , vol.292
    • Kregel, K.C.1    Zhang, H.J.2
  • 127
    • 0033920064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane redox system in the control of stress-induced apoptosis
    • Villalba, J. M.; Navas, P. Plasma membrane redox system in the control of stress-induced apoptosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 2000, 2, 213-230.
    • (2000) Antioxid. Redox Signal. , vol.2 , pp. 213-230
    • Villalba, J.M.1    Navas, P.2
  • 128
    • 0037442768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox regulation of mammalian heat shock factor 1 is essential for Hsp gene activation and protection from stress
    • Ahn, S. G.; Thiele, D. J. Redox regulation of mammalian heat shock factor 1 is essential for Hsp gene activation and protection from stress. Genes Dev., 2003, 17, 516-528.
    • (2003) Genes Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 516-528
    • Ahn, S.G.1    Thiele, D.J.2
  • 129
    • 0017879559 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase
    • Schulz, G. E.; Schirmer, R. H.; Sachsenheimer, W.; Pai, E. F. The structure of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase. Nature, 1978, 273, 120-124.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 120-124
    • Schulz, G.E.1    Schirmer, R.H.2    Sachsenheimer, W.3    Pai, E.F.4
  • 130
  • 131
    • 40649116241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromium causes the oxidation of thioredoxin in human bronchial epithelial cells
    • Myers, J. M.; Antholine, W. E.; Myers, C. R. Hexavalent chromium causes the oxidation of thioredoxin in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol., 2008, 246, 222-233.
    • (2008) Toxicol. , vol.246 , pp. 222-233
    • Myers, J.M.1    Antholine, W.E.2    Myers, C.R.3
  • 132
    • 0002711565 scopus 로고
    • Studies on chromated erythrocytes. Effect of sodium chromate on erythrocyte glutathione reductase
    • Koutras, G. A.; Hattori, M.; Schneider, A. S.; Ebaugh Jr, F. G.; Valentine, W. N. Studies on chromated erythrocytes. Effect of sodium chromate on erythrocyte glutathione reductase. J. Clin. Invest., 1964, 43, 323-331.
    • (1964) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.43 , pp. 323-331
    • Koutras, G.A.1    Hattori, M.2    Schneider, A.S.3    Ebaugh Jr., F.G.4    Valentine, W.N.5
  • 133
    • 0021018936 scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) - Induced DNA lesions and chromium distribution in rat kidney, liver, and lung
    • Tsapakos, M. J.; Hampton, T. H.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Chromium (VI) - induced DNA lesions and chromium distribution in rat kidney, liver, and lung. Cancer Res., 1983, 43, 5662-5667.
    • (1983) Cancer Res. , vol.43 , pp. 5662-5667
    • Tsapakos, M.J.1    Hampton, T.H.2    Wetterhahn, K.E.3
  • 134
    • 0034616327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of calf thymus DNA binding to Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions - Evidence for the guanine N-7-chromium-phosphate chelate formation
    • Arakawa, H.; Ahmad, R.; Naoui, M.; Tajmir-Riahi, H. A. A comparative study of calf thymus DNA binding to Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions - Evidence for the guanine N-7-chromium-phosphate chelate formation. J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 10150-10153.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 10150-10153
    • Arakawa, H.1    Ahmad, R.2    Naoui, M.3    Tajmir-Riahi, H.A.4
  • 135
    • 12144270899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium (VI)
    • Zhitkovich, A. Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium (VI). Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2005, 18, 3-11.
    • (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 3-11
    • Zhitkovich, A.1
  • 136
    • 0028937564 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione and free amino acids form stable complexes with DNA following exposure of intact mammalian cells to chromate
    • Zhitkovich, A.; Voitkun, V.; Costa, M. Glutathione and free amino acids form stable complexes with DNA following exposure of intact mammalian cells to chromate. Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, 907-913.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 907-913
    • Zhitkovich, A.1    Voitkun, V.2    Costa, M.3
  • 137
    • 0345708258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexities of chromium carcinogenesis: Role of cellular response, repair and recovery mechanisms
    • O'Brien, T. J.; Ceryak, S.; Patierno, S. R. Complexities of chromium carcinogenesis: role of cellular response, repair and recovery mechanisms. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 2003, 533, 3-36.
    • (2003) Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.533 , pp. 3-36
    • O'Brien, T.J.1    Ceryak, S.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 138
    • 0033856350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of chromium (V) in the mechanism of chromate-induced oxidative DNA damage and cancer
    • Sugden, K. D.; Stearns, D. M. The role of chromium (V) in the mechanism of chromate-induced oxidative DNA damage and cancer. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 2000, 19, 215-230.
    • (2000) J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. , vol.19 , pp. 215-230
    • Sugden, K.D.1    Stearns, D.M.2
  • 139
    • 77049108723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of DNA-protein cross-linking by chromium
    • Macfie, A.; Hagan, E.; Zhitkovich, A. Mechanism of DNA-protein cross-linking by chromium. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2010, 23, 341-347.
    • (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 341-347
    • Macfie, A.1    Hagan, E.2    Zhitkovich, A.3
  • 140
    • 0032409983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrest of replication by mammalian DNA polymerases alpha and beta caused by chromium-DNA lesions
    • Bridgewater, L. C.; Manning, F. C.; Patierno, S. R. Arrest of replication by mammalian DNA polymerases alpha and beta caused by chromium-DNA lesions. Mol. Carcinog., 1998, 23, 201-206.
    • (1998) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.23 , pp. 201-206
    • Bridgewater, L.C.1    Manning, F.C.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 141
    • 0034813357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glutathione on chromiuminduced DNA cross-linking and DNA polymerase arrest
    • O'Brien, T.; Xu, J.; Patierno, S. R. Effects of glutathione on chromiuminduced DNA cross-linking and DNA polymerase arrest. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2001, 222, 173-182.
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.222 , pp. 173-182
    • O'Brien, T.1    Xu, J.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 142
    • 0037108104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of chromium (Cr)-DNA interactions in the formation of Crinduced polymerase arresting lesions
    • O'Brien, T. J.; Mandel, H. G.; Pritchard, D. E.; Patierno, S. R. Critical role of chromium (Cr)-DNA interactions in the formation of Crinduced polymerase arresting lesions. Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 12529-12537.
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 12529-12537
    • O'Brien, T.J.1    Mandel, H.G.2    Pritchard, D.E.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 143
    • 0033681748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive metabolism of Cr (VI) by cysteine leads to the formation of binary and ternary Cr-DNA adducts in the absence of oxidative DNA damage
    • Zhitkovich, A.; Messer, J.; Shrager, S. Reductive metabolism of Cr (VI) by cysteine leads to the formation of binary and ternary Cr-DNA adducts in the absence of oxidative DNA damage. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2000, 13, 1114-1124.
    • (2000) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.13 , pp. 1114-1124
    • Zhitkovich, A.1    Messer, J.2    Shrager, S.3
  • 144
    • 0036197907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of the DNA-repair endonuclease 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) by sodium dichromate in cultured human A549 lung carcinoma cells
    • Hodges, N. J.; Chipman, J. K. Down-regulation of the DNA-repair endonuclease 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) by sodium dichromate in cultured human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis, 2002, 23, 55-60.
    • (2002) Carcinogenesis , vol.23 , pp. 55-60
    • Hodges, N.J.1    Chipman, J.K.2
  • 147
    • 23344444636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous homologous recombination is induced by collapsed replication forks that are caused by endogenous DNA single-strand breaks
    • Saleh-Gohari, N.; Bryant, H. E.; Schultz, N.; Parker, K. M.; Cassel, T. N.; Helleday, T. Spontaneous homologous recombination is induced by collapsed replication forks that are caused by endogenous DNA single-strand breaks. Mol. Cell Biol., 2005, 25, 7158-7169.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 7158-7169
    • Saleh-Gohari, N.1    Bryant, H.E.2    Schultz, N.3    Parker, K.M.4    Cassel, T.N.5    Helleday, T.6
  • 148
    • 0030941458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
    • Levine, A. J. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell, 1997, 88, 323-331.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 323-331
    • Levine, A.J.1
  • 149
    • 0037079003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rules for making human tumor cells
    • Hahn, W. C.; Weinberg, R. A. Rules for making human tumor cells. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, 347, 1593-1603.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 1593-1603
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 150
    • 0037436108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage-induced replication fork regression and processing in Escherichia coli
    • Courcelle, J.; Donaldson, J. R.; Chow, K. H.; Courcelle, C. T. DNA damage-induced replication fork regression and processing in Escherichia coli. Science, 2003, 299, 1064-1067.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1064-1067
    • Courcelle, J.1    Donaldson, J.R.2    Chow, K.H.3    Courcelle, C.T.4
  • 151
    • 33646566825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of DNA single-strand breaks during reduction of chromate by glutathione in vitro and in cells
    • Messer, J.; Reynolds, M.; Stoddard, L.; Zhitkovich, A. Causes of DNA single-strand breaks during reduction of chromate by glutathione in vitro and in cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2006, 40, 1981-1992.
    • (2006) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.40 , pp. 1981-1992
    • Messer, J.1    Reynolds, M.2    Stoddard, L.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 152
    • 0028086686 scopus 로고
    • The generation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in isolated DNA during the reduction of chromate and glutathione
    • Casadevall, M.; Kortenkamp, A. The generation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in isolated DNA during the reduction of chromate and glutathione. Carcinogenesis, 1994, 15, 407-409.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 407-409
    • Casadevall, M.1    Kortenkamp, A.2
  • 153
    • 0028960380 scopus 로고
    • The formation of both apurinic/apyrimidinic sites and single strand breaks by chromate and glutathione arises from attack by the same reactive species and is dependent on molecular oxygen
    • Casadevall, M.; Kortenkamp, A. The formation of both apurinic/ apyrimidinic sites and single strand breaks by chromate and glutathione arises from attack by the same reactive species and is dependent on molecular oxygen. Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, 805-809.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 805-809
    • Casadevall, M.1    Kortenkamp, A.2
  • 154
    • 0028904329 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence for hydroxyl radicalinduced damage to nucleic acids by chromium (VI)-derived species: Implications for chromium carcinogenesis
    • Molyneux, M. J.; Davies, M. J. Direct evidence for hydroxyl radicalinduced damage to nucleic acids by chromium (VI)-derived species: implications for chromium carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, 875-882.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 875-882
    • Molyneux, M.J.1    Davies, M.J.2
  • 156
    • 0033562760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage of DNA by chromium (V) complexes: Relative importance of base versus sugar oxidation
    • Bose, R. N.; Moghaddas, S.; Mazzer, P. A.; Dudones, L. P.; Joudah, L.; Stroup, D. Oxidative damage of DNA by chromium (V) complexes: relative importance of base versus sugar oxidation. Nucleic Acids Res., 1999, 27, 2219-2226.
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.27 , pp. 2219-2226
    • Bose, R.N.1    Moghaddas, S.2    Mazzer, P.A.3    Dudones, L.P.4    Joudah, L.5    Stroup, D.6
  • 157
    • 0016374197 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of acetate, pyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate kinases by chromium adenosine triphosphate
    • Janson, C. A., Cleland, W. W. The inhibition of acetate, pyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate kinases by chromium adenosine triphosphate. J. Biol. Chem., 1974, 249, 2567-2571.
    • (1974) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.249 , pp. 2567-2571
    • Janson, C.A.1    Cleland, W.W.2
  • 158
    • 0020469349 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hexavalent chromium on the adenylate pool of hamster fibroblasts
    • Bianchi, V.; Debetto, P.; Zantedeschi, A.; Levis, A. G. Effects of hexavalent chromium on the adenylate pool of hamster fibroblasts. Toxicology, 1982, 25, 19-30.
    • (1982) Toxicology , vol.25 , pp. 19-30
    • Bianchi, V.1    Debetto, P.2    Zantedeschi, A.3    Levis, A.G.4
  • 159
    • 0028073444 scopus 로고
    • Base-specific arrest of in vitro DNA replication by carcinogenic chromium: Relationship to DNA interstrand crosslinking
    • Bridgewater, L. C.; Manning, F. C.; Patierno, S. R. Base-specific arrest of in vitro DNA replication by carcinogenic chromium: relationship to DNA interstrand crosslinking. Carcinogenesis, 1994, 15, 2421-2427.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 2421-2427
    • Bridgewater, L.C.1    Manning, F.C.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 161
    • 0036801449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guanine and 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguaninespecific oxidation in DNA by chromium (V)
    • Sugden, K. D.; Martin, B. D. Guanine and 7, 8-dihydro-8- oxoguaninespecific oxidation in DNA by chromium (V). Environ. Health Perspect., 2002, 110(Suppl. 5), 725-728.
    • (2002) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.110 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 725-728
    • Sugden, K.D.1    Martin, B.D.2
  • 162
    • 0345492824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of chromium-induced suppression of RNA synthesis in cellular and cell-free systems: Relationship to RNA polymerase arrest
    • Xu, J.; Manning, F. C.; O'Brien, T. J.; Ceryak, S.; Patierno, S. R. Mechanisms of chromium-induced suppression of RNA synthesis in cellular and cell-free systems: relationship to RNA polymerase arrest. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2004, 255, 151-160.
    • (2004) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.255 , pp. 151-160
    • Xu, J.1    Manning, F.C.2    O'Brien, T.J.3    Ceryak, S.4    Patierno, S.R.5
  • 165
    • 0019729112 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metals in in vitro bioassays
    • Sirover, M. A. Effects of metals in in vitro bioassays. Environ. Health Perspect., 1981, 40, 163-172.
    • (1981) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.40 , pp. 163-172
    • Sirover, M.A.1
  • 166
    • 33846904065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate acts as a highly potent inducer of chromate mutagenesis and clastogenesis: Linkage to DNA breaks in G2 phase by mismatch repair
    • Reynolds, M.; Stoddard, L.; Bespalov, I.; Zhitkovich, A. Ascorbate acts as a highly potent inducer of chromate mutagenesis and clastogenesis: linkage to DNA breaks in G2 phase by mismatch repair. Nucleic Acids Res., 2007, 35, 465-476.
    • (2007) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.35 , pp. 465-476
    • Reynolds, M.1    Stoddard, L.2    Bespalov, I.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 167
    • 57449107042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction with glutathione is a weakly mutagenic pathway in chromium (VI) metabolism
    • Guttmann, D.; Poage, G.; Johnston, T.; Zhitkovich, A. Reduction with glutathione is a weakly mutagenic pathway in chromium (VI) metabolism. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2008, 21, 2188-2194.
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 2188-2194
    • Guttmann, D.1    Poage, G.2    Johnston, T.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 169
    • 79952284127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halmarks of cancer: The next generation
    • Hanahan, D.; Weinberg, R. A. Halmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell, 2011, 144, 646-674.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , pp. 646-674
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 170
    • 0037237911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated levels of DNA-protein crosslinks and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes of tannery workers exposed to trivalent chromium
    • Medeiros, M. G.; Rodrigues, A. S.; Batoréu, M. C.; Laires, A.; Rueff, J.; Zhitkovich, A. Elevated levels of DNA-protein crosslinks and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes of tannery workers exposed to trivalent chromium. Mutagenesis, 2002, 18, 19-24.
    • (2002) Mutagenesis , vol.18 , pp. 19-24
    • Medeiros, M.G.1    Rodrigues, A.S.2    Batoréu, M.C.3    Laires, A.4    Rueff, J.5    Zhitkovich, A.6
  • 173
    • 0022999958 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity of sodium dichromate and chromium (VI/III) oxide aerosols inhaled by male Wistar rats
    • Glaser, U.; Hochrainer, D.; Kloppel, H.; Oldiges, H. Carcinogenicity of sodium dichromate and chromium (VI/III) oxide aerosols inhaled by male Wistar rats. Toxicology, 1986, 42, 219-232.
    • (1986) Toxicology , vol.42 , pp. 219-232
    • Glaser, U.1    Hochrainer, D.2    Kloppel, H.3    Oldiges, H.4
  • 174
    • 0022647016 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the potential carcinogenicity of a range of chromium containing materials on rat lung
    • Levy, L. S.; Martin, P. A.; Bidstrup, P. L. Investigation of the potential carcinogenicity of a range of chromium containing materials on rat lung. Br. J. Ind. Med., 1986, 43, 243-256.
    • (1986) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 243-256
    • Levy, L.S.1    Martin, P.A.2    Bidstrup, P.L.3
  • 175
    • 0023023312 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity study with sodium dichromate in rats
    • Steinhoff D, Gad S. C., Hatfield G. K., Mohr U. Carcinogenicity study with sodium dichromate in rats. Exp. Pathol., 1986, 30, 129-141.
    • (1986) Exp. Pathol. , vol.30 , pp. 129-141
    • Steinhoff, D.1    Gad, S.C.2    Hatfield, G.K.3    Mohr, U.4
  • 176
    • 0033866113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less than additive interaction between cigarette smoke and chromium (VI) in inducing clastogenic damage in rodents
    • Balansky, R. M; D'Agostini, F.; Izzotti, A.; De Flora, S. Less than additive interaction between cigarette smoke and chromium (VI) in inducing clastogenic damage in rodents. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 1677-1682.
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 1677-1682
    • Balansky, R.M.1    D'Agostini, F.2    Izzotti, A.3    De Flora, S.4
  • 177
    • 0036257345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in the lung but not in the liver of rats receiving intra-tracheal instillations of chromium (VI)
    • D'Agostini, F.; Izzotti, A.; Bennicelli, C.; Camoirano, A.; Tampa, E.; De Flora, S. Induction of apoptosis in the lung but not in the liver of rats receiving intra-tracheal instillations of chromium (VI). Carcinogenesis, 2002, 23, 587-593.
    • (2002) Carcinogenesis , vol.23 , pp. 587-593
    • D'Agostini, F.1    Izzotti, A.2    Bennicelli, C.3    Camoirano, A.4    Tampa, E.5    De Flora, S.6
  • 178
    • 43149118356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromiuminduced DNA damage and repair mechanisms
    • Wise, S. S.; Holmes, A. L.; Wise Sr, J. P. Hexavalent chromiuminduced DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Rev. Environ. Health, 2008, 23, 39-57.
    • (2008) Rev. Environ. Health , vol.23 , pp. 39-57
    • Wise, S.S.1    Holmes, A.L.2    Wise Sr., J.P.3
  • 179
    • 84961042688 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies in metal cancerigenesis. X. Cancerigenic effects of chromite ore roast deposited in muscle tissue and pleural cavity of rats
    • Hueper, W. C. Experimental studies in metal cancerigenesis. X. Cancerigenic effects of chromite ore roast deposited in muscle tissue and pleural cavity of rats. AMA Arch. Ind. Health, 1958, 18, 284-291.
    • (1958) AMA Arch. Ind. Health , vol.18 , pp. 284-291
    • Hueper, W.C.1
  • 180
    • 84961044784 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chromium on incidence of lung tumors in mice and rats
    • Baetjer, A. M.; Lowney, J. F.; Steffee, H.; Budacz, V. Effect of chromium on incidence of lung tumors in mice and rats. AMA Arch. Ind. Health, 1959, 20, 124-135.
    • (1959) AMA Arch. Ind. Health , vol.20 , pp. 124-135
    • Baetjer, A.M.1    Lowney, J.F.2    Steffee, H.3    Budacz, V.4
  • 181
    • 9444253026 scopus 로고
    • Experimental cancers in rats produced by chromium compounds and their significance to industry and public health
    • Hueper, W. C.; Payne W. W. Experimental cancers in rats produced by chromium compounds and their significance to industry and public health. Amer. Industr. Hyg. Assoc. J., 1959, 20, 274-280.
    • (1959) Amer. Industr. Hyg. Assoc. J. , vol.20 , pp. 274-280
    • Hueper, W.C.1    Payne, W.W.2
  • 183
    • 0014481165 scopus 로고
    • Chromium carcinogenesis: Calcium chromate as a potent carcinogen for the subcutaneous tissues of the rat
    • Roe, F. J.; Carter, R. L. Chromium carcinogenesis: calcium chromate as a potent carcinogen for the subcutaneous tissues of the rat. Br. J. Cancer, 1969, 23, 172-176.
    • (1969) Br. J. Cancer , vol.23 , pp. 172-176
    • Roe, F.J.1    Carter, R.L.2
  • 184
    • 0015161355 scopus 로고
    • Effect of calcium chromate dust, influenza virus, and 100 R whole-body x radiation on lung tumor incidence in mice
    • Nettesheim, P.; Hanna Jr, M. G; Doherty, D. G.; Newell, R. F.; Hellman, A. Effect of calcium chromate dust, influenza virus, and 100 R whole-body x radiation on lung tumor incidence in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1971, 47, 1129-1144.
    • (1971) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.47 , pp. 1129-1144
    • Nettesheim, P.1    Hanna Jr., M.G.2    Doherty, D.G.3    Newell, R.F.4    Hellman, A.5
  • 185
    • 0017281185 scopus 로고
    • Tumorigenic activity of lead chromate
    • Furst, A.; Schlauder, M.; Sasmore, D. P. Tumorigenic activity of lead chromate. Cancer Res., 1976, 36, 1779-1783.
    • (1976) Cancer Res. , vol.36 , pp. 1779-1783
    • Furst, A.1    Schlauder, M.2    Sasmore, D.P.3
  • 186
    • 0022992176 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chromium compounds: The association between bronchial metaplasia and neoplasia
    • Levy, L. S.; Venitt, S. Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chromium compounds: the association between bronchial metaplasia and neoplasia. Carcinogenesis, 1986, 7, 831-835.
    • (1986) Carcinogenesis , vol.7 , pp. 831-835
    • Levy, L.S.1    Venitt, S.2
  • 187
    • 0027194054 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of lead chromate clastogenesis by ascorbate: Relationship to particle dissolution and uptake
    • Wise, J. P.; Orenstein, J. M.; Patierno, S. R. Inhibition of lead chromate clastogenesis by ascorbate: relationship to particle dissolution and uptake. Carcinogenesis, 1993, 14, 429-434.
    • (1993) Carcinogenesis , vol.14 , pp. 429-434
    • Wise, J.P.1    Orenstein, J.M.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 188
    • 0028034654 scopus 로고
    • Cellenhanced dissolution of carcinogenic lead chromate particles: The role of individual dissolution products in clastogenesis
    • Wise Sr, J. P.; Stearns, D. M.; Wetterhahn, K. E.; Patierno, S. R. Cellenhanced dissolution of carcinogenic lead chromate particles: the role of individual dissolution products in clastogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 1994, 15, 2249-2254.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 2249-2254
    • Wise Sr., J.P.1    Stearns, D.M.2    Wetterhahn, K.E.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 189
    • 6344240821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead chromate-induced chromosome damage requires extracellular dissolution to liberate chromium ions but does not require particle internalization or intracellular dissolution
    • Xie, H.; Holmes, A. L.; Wise, S. S.; Gordon, N.; Wise Sr, J. P. Lead chromate-induced chromosome damage requires extracellular dissolution to liberate chromium ions but does not require particle internalization or intracellular dissolution. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2004, 17, 1362-1367
    • (2004) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 1362-1367
    • Xie, H.1    Holmes, A.L.2    Wise, S.S.3    Gordon, N.4    Wise Sr., J.P.5
  • 191
    • 0037182120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble hexavalent chromium in human lung cells
    • Wise Sr, J. P.; Wise, S. S.; Little, J. E. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble hexavalent chromium in human lung cells. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 2002, 517, 221-229.
    • (2002) Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , vol.517 , pp. 221-229
    • Wise Sr., J.P.1    Wise, S.S.2    Little, J.E.3
  • 192
    • 77049089012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of four hexavalent chromium compounds in human bronchial cells
    • Wise, S. S.; Holmes, A. L.; Qin, Q.; Xie, H.; Katsifis, S. P.; Thompson, W. D.; Wise, J. P. Comparative genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of four hexavalent chromium compounds in human bronchial cells. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2010, 23, 365-372.
    • (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 365-372
    • Wise, S.S.1    Holmes, A.L.2    Qin, Q.3    Xie, H.4    Katsifis, S.P.5    Thompson, W.D.6    Wise, J.P.7
  • 194
    • 0022180170 scopus 로고
    • Low level chromium (VI) inhalation effects on alveolar macrophages and immune functions in Wistar rats
    • Glaser, U.; Hochrainer, D.; Kloppel, H.; Kuhnen, H. Low level chromium (VI) inhalation effects on alveolar macrophages and immune functions in Wistar rats. Arch. Toxicol., 1985, 57, 250-256.
    • (1985) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.57 , pp. 250-256
    • Glaser, U.1    Hochrainer, D.2    Kloppel, H.3    Kuhnen, H.4
  • 195
    • 0022637458 scopus 로고
    • Rabbit alveolar macrophages after inhalation of hexa-and trivalent chromium
    • Johansson, A.; Wiernik, A.; Jarstrand, C.; Camner, P. Rabbit alveolar macrophages after inhalation of hexa-and trivalent chromium. Environ. Res., 1986, 39, 372-385.
    • (1986) Environ. Res. , vol.39 , pp. 372-385
    • Johansson, A.1    Wiernik, A.2    Jarstrand, C.3    Camner, P.4
  • 196
    • 0022513342 scopus 로고
    • Rabbit lung after inhalation of hexa-and trivalent chromium
    • Johansson, A.; Robertson, B.; Curstedt, T.; Camner, P. Rabbit lung after inhalation of hexa-and trivalent chromium. Environ. Res., 1986, 41, 110-119.
    • (1986) Environ. Res. , vol.41 , pp. 110-119
    • Johansson, A.1    Robertson, B.2    Curstedt, T.3    Camner, P.4
  • 199
    • 2942740218 scopus 로고
    • The activation of phosphoglucomutase by metal ions
    • Stickland, L. H. The activation of phosphoglucomutase by metal ions. Biochem. J., 1949, 44, 190-197.
    • (1949) Biochem. J. , vol.44 , pp. 190-197
    • Stickland, L.H.1
  • 200
    • 27144510184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target discovery in small-molecule cell-based screens by in situ proteome reactivity profiling
    • Evans, M. J.; Saghatelian, A.; Sorensen, E. J.; Cravatt, B. F. Target discovery in small-molecule cell-based screens by in situ proteome reactivity profiling. Nat. Biotechnol., 2005, 23, 1303-1307.
    • (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.23 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Evans, M.J.1    Saghatelian, A.2    Sorensen, E.J.3    Cravatt, B.F.4
  • 202
    • 0016379122 scopus 로고
    • The specificity of chromium nucleotides as inhibitors of selected kinases
    • Janson, C. A.; Cleland, W. W. The specificity of chromium nucleotides as inhibitors of selected kinases. J. Biol. Chem., 1974, 249, 2572-2574.
    • (1974) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.249 , pp. 2572-2574
    • Janson, C.A.1    Cleland, W.W.2
  • 203
    • 0019877141 scopus 로고
    • Structural preferences for the binding of chromium nucleotides by beef heart mitochondrial ATPase
    • Bossard, M. J.; Schuster, S. M. Structural preferences for the binding of chromium nucleotides by beef heart mitochondrial ATPase. J. Biol. Chem., 1981, 256, 6617-6622.
    • (1981) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.256 , pp. 6617-6622
    • Bossard, M.J.1    Schuster, S.M.2
  • 204
    • 0011796483 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase. 7. The role of thioctic acid
    • Sanadi, D. R.; Langley, M.; White, F. Alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase. 7. The role of thioctic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 1959, 234, 183-187.
    • (1959) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.234 , pp. 183-187
    • Sanadi, D.R.1    Langley, M.2    White, F.3
  • 205
    • 0020697189 scopus 로고
    • The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Structure and regulation
    • Wieland, O. The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: structure and regulation. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1983, 96, 123-170.
    • (1983) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.96 , pp. 123-170
    • Wieland, O.1
  • 206
    • 7944226627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes of glycolysis are ubiquitously overexpressed in 24 cancer classes
    • Altenberg, B.; Greulich, K. O. Genes of glycolysis are ubiquitously overexpressed in 24 cancer classes. Genomics, 2004, 84, 1014-1020.
    • (2004) Genomics , vol.84 , pp. 1014-1020
    • Altenberg, B.1    Greulich, K.O.2
  • 208
    • 0024425887 scopus 로고
    • Checkpoints: Controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events
    • Hartwell, L. H.; Weinert, T. A. Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science, 1989, 246, 629-634.
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 629-634
    • Hartwell, L.H.1    Weinert, T.A.2
  • 210
    • 0029987469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) treatment of normal human lung cells results in guaninespecific DNA polymerase arrest, DNA-DNA cross-links and S-phase blockade of cell cycle
    • Xu, J.; Bubley, G. J.; Detrick, B.; Blankenship, L. J.; Patierno, S. R. Chromium (VI) treatment of normal human lung cells results in guaninespecific DNA polymerase arrest, DNA-DNA cross-links and S-phase blockade of cell cycle. Carcinogenesis, 1996, 17, 1511-1517.
    • (1996) Carcinogenesis , vol.17 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Xu, J.1    Bubley, G.J.2    Detrick, B.3    Blankenship, L.J.4    Patierno, S.R.5
  • 211
    • 0031695225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromiuminduced genotoxicity and apoptosis: Relationship to chromium carcinogenesis (review)
    • Singh, J.; Carlisle, D. L.; Pritchard, D. E.; Patierno, S. R. Chromiuminduced genotoxicity and apoptosis: relationship to chromium carcinogenesis (review). Oncol. Rep., 1998, 5, 1307-1318.
    • (1998) Oncol. Rep. , vol.5 , pp. 1307-1318
    • Singh, J.1    Carlisle, D.L.2    Pritchard, D.E.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 212
    • 0033573018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalization of carcinogenic lead chromate particles by cultured normal human lung epithelial cells: Formation of intracellular lead-inclusion bodies and induction of apoptosis
    • Singh, J.; Pritchard, D. E.; Carlisle, D. L.; Mclean, J. A.; Montaser, A.; Orenstein, J. M.; Patierno, S. R. Internalization of carcinogenic lead chromate particles by cultured normal human lung epithelial cells: formation of intracellular lead-inclusion bodies and induction of apoptosis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1999, 161, 240-248.
    • (1999) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.161 , pp. 240-248
    • Singh, J.1    Pritchard, D.E.2    Carlisle, D.L.3    Mclean, J.A.4    Montaser, A.5    Orenstein, J.M.6    Patierno, S.R.7
  • 214
    • 0033945339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) induces p53-dependent apoptosis in diploid human lung and mouse dermal fibroblasts
    • Carlisle, D. L.; Pritchard, D. E.; Singh, J.; Patierno, S. R. Chromium (VI) induces p53-dependent apoptosis in diploid human lung and mouse dermal fibroblasts. Mol. Carcinog., 2000, 28, 111-118.
    • (2000) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.28 , pp. 111-118
    • Carlisle, D.L.1    Pritchard, D.E.2    Singh, J.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 215
    • 0038381451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) activates ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. Requirement of ATM for both apoptosis and recovery from terminal growth arrest
    • Ha, L.; Ceryak, S.; Patierno, S. R. Chromium (VI) activates ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. Requirement of ATM for both apoptosis and recovery from terminal growth arrest. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 17885-17894.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 17885-17894
    • Ha, L.1    Ceryak, S.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 217
    • 30344485968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to apoptosis, increased growth potential, and altered gene expression in cells that survived genotoxic hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exposure
    • Pritchard, D. E.; Ceryak, S.; Ramsey, K. E.; O'Brien, T. J.; Ha, L.; Fornsaglio, J. L.; Stephan, D. A.; Patierno, S. R. Resistance to apoptosis, increased growth potential, and altered gene expression in cells that survived genotoxic hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exposure. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2005, 279, 169-181.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.279 , pp. 169-181
    • Pritchard, D.E.1    Ceryak, S.2    Ramsey, K.E.3    O'Brien, T.J.4    Ha, L.5    Fornsaglio, J.L.6    Stephan, D.A.7    Patierno, S.R.8
  • 220
    • 77953902669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of morphological changes in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells following chronic sub-cytotoxic and mildly cytotoxic hexavalent chromium exposures
    • Costa, A. N.; Moreno, V.; Prieto, M. J.; Urbano, A. M.; Alpoim, M. C. Induction of morphological changes in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells following chronic sub-cytotoxic and mildly cytotoxic hexavalent chromium exposures. Mol. Carcinog., 2010, 49, 582-591.
    • (2010) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.49 , pp. 582-591
    • Costa, A.N.1    Moreno, V.2    Prieto, M.J.3    Urbano, A.M.4    Alpoim, M.C.5
  • 221
    • 49649083897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide mediated proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 determines cell susceptibility to Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis
    • Azad, N.; Iyer, A. K.; Manosroi, A.; Wang, L.; Rojanasakul, Y. Superoxide mediated proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 determines cell susceptibility to Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29, 1538-1545.
    • (2008) Carcinogenesis , vol.29 , pp. 1538-1545
    • Azad, N.1    Iyer, A.K.2    Manosroi, A.3    Wang, L.4    Rojanasakul, Y.5
  • 222
    • 34247599335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified view of base excision repair: Lesion-dependent protein complexes regulated by post-translational modification
    • Almeida, K. H.; Sobol, R. W. A unified view of base excision repair: lesion-dependent protein complexes regulated by post-translational modification. DNA Repair, 2007, 6, 695-711.
    • (2007) DNA Repair , vol.6 , pp. 695-711
    • Almeida, K.H.1    Sobol, R.W.2
  • 225
    • 0034661689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of single mutations in the OGG1 gene found in human tumors on the substrate specificity of the OGG1 protein
    • Audebert, M.; Radicella, J. P.; Dizdaroglu, M. Effect of single mutations in the OGG1 gene found in human tumors on the substrate specificity of the OGG1 protein. Nucleic Acids Res., 2000, 28, 2672-2678.
    • (2000) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.28 , pp. 2672-2678
    • Audebert, M.1    Radicella, J.P.2    Dizdaroglu, M.3
  • 226
    • 0035162534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of DNA-strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and A549 lung cells by sodium dichromate: Association with 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine formation and inter-individual variability
    • Hodges, N. J.; Adám, B.; Lee, A. J.; Cross, H. J.; Chipman, J. K. Induction of DNA-strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and A549 lung cells by sodium dichromate: association with 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine formation and inter-individual variability. Mutagenesis, 2001, 16, 467-474.
    • (2001) Mutagenesis , vol.16 , pp. 467-474
    • Hodges, N.J.1    Adám, B.2    Lee, A.J.3    Cross, H.J.4    Chipman, J.K.5
  • 227
    • 0031661734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of repair and mutagenesis of chromium-induced DNA damage in yeast, mammalian cells, and transgenic mice
    • Cheng, L.; Liu, S.; Dixon, K. Analysis of repair and mutagenesis of chromium-induced DNA damage in yeast, mammalian cells, and transgenic mice. Environ. Health Perspect., 1998, 106, 1027-1032.
    • (1998) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.106 , pp. 1027-1032
    • Cheng, L.1    Liu, S.2    Dixon, K.3
  • 229
    • 33745612951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XRCC1 protects against particulate chromateinduced chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Grlickova-Duzevik, E.; Wise, S. S.; Munroe, R. C.; Thompson, W. D.; Wise Sr, J. P. XRCC1 protects against particulate chromateinduced chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toxicol. Sci., 2006, 92, 409-415.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.92 , pp. 409-415
    • Grlickova-Duzevik, E.1    Wise, S.S.2    Munroe, R.C.3    Thompson, W.D.4    Wise Sr., J.P.5
  • 231
    • 0037037806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome instability in human lung cancers: Possible underlying mechanisms and potential consequences in the pathogenesis
    • Masuda, A.; Takahashi, T. Chromosome instability in human lung cancers: possible underlying mechanisms and potential consequences in the pathogenesis. Oncogene, 2002, 21, 6884-6897.
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 6884-6897
    • Masuda, A.1    Takahashi, T.2
  • 232
    • 0037500859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal instability detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in surgical specimens in nonsmall cell lung cancer is associated with poor survival
    • Nakamura, H.; Saji, H.; Idiris, A.; Kawasaki, N.; Hosaka, M.; Ogata, A.; Saijo, T.; Kato, H. Chromosomal instability detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in surgical specimens in nonsmall cell lung cancer is associated with poor survival. Clin. Cancer Res., 2003, 9, 2294-2299.
    • (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.9 , pp. 2294-2299
    • Nakamura, H.1    Saji, H.2    Idiris, A.3    Kawasaki, N.4    Hosaka, M.5    Ogata, A.6    Saijo, T.7    Kato, H.8
  • 235
    • 3142782144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human nucleotide excision repair efficiently removes chromium-DNA phosphate adducts and protects cells against chromate toxicity
    • Reynolds, M.; Peterson, E.; Quievryn, G.; Zhitkovich, A. Human nucleotide excision repair efficiently removes chromium-DNA phosphate adducts and protects cells against chromate toxicity. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 30419-30424
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 30419-30424
    • Reynolds, M.1    Peterson, E.2    Quievryn, G.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 236
    • 27744541389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide excision repair functions in the removal of chromium-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells
    • O'Brien, T. J.; Brooks, B. R.; Patierno, S. R. Nucleotide excision repair functions in the removal of chromium-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2005, 279, 85-95.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.279 , pp. 85-95
    • O'Brien, T.J.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 237
    • 0029892790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA excision repair
    • Sancar, A. DNA excision repair. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1996, 65, 43-81.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.65 , pp. 43-81
    • Sancar, A.1
  • 238
    • 0032742715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage recognition during nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells
    • Wood, R. D. DNA damage recognition during nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells. Biochimie, 1999, 81, 39-44;
    • (1999) Biochimie , vol.81 , pp. 39-44
    • Wood, R.D.1
  • 239
    • 0034054019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide excision repair and human syndromes
    • de Boer, J.; Hoeijmakers, J. H. Nucleotide excision repair and human syndromes. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 453-460
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 453-460
    • De Boer, J.1    Hoeijmakers, J.H.2
  • 240
  • 242
    • 38049125557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair
    • Li, G. M. Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair. Cell Res., 2008, 18, 85-98.
    • (2008) Cell Res. , vol.18 , pp. 85-98
    • Li, G.M.1
  • 243
    • 0345276522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of 5'-directed excision in human mismatch repair
    • Genschel, J.; Modrich, P. Mechanism of 5'-directed excision in human mismatch repair. Mol. Cell, 2003, 12, 1077-1086.
    • (2003) Mol. Cell , vol.12 , pp. 1077-1086
    • Genschel, J.1    Modrich, P.2
  • 244
    • 24144447320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of 5-directed human mismatch repair in a purified system
    • Zhang, Y.; Yuan, F.; Presnell, S. R.; Tian, K.; Gao, Y.; Tomkinson, A. E.; Gu, L.; Li, G. M. Reconstitution of 5-directed human mismatch repair in a purified system. Cell, 2005, 122, 693-705.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.122 , pp. 693-705
    • Zhang, Y.1    Yuan, F.2    Presnell, S.R.3    Tian, K.4    Gao, Y.5    Tomkinson, A.E.6    Gu, L.7    Li, G.M.8
  • 245
    • 0032851842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of DNA mismatch repair and p53 in signaling induction of apoptosis by alkylating agents
    • Hickman, M. J.; Samson, L. D. Role of DNA mismatch repair and p53 in signaling induction of apoptosis by alkylating agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1999, 96, 10764-10769.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.96 , pp. 10764-10769
    • Hickman, M.J.1    Samson, L.D.2
  • 249
    • 0029822592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of postreplicative DNA mismatch repair in the cytotoxic action of thioguanine
    • Swann, P. F.; Waters, T. R.; Moulton, D. C; Xu, Y. Z.; Zheng, Q.; Edwards, M.; Mace, R. Role of postreplicative DNA mismatch repair in the cytotoxic action of thioguanine. Science, 1996, 273, 1109-1111.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1109-1111
    • Swann, P.F.1    Waters, T.R.2    Moulton, D.C.3    Xu, Y.Z.4    Zheng, Q.5    Edwards, M.6    Mace, R.7
  • 250
    • 0037837443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mediates 6-thioguanine genotoxicity by introducing single-strand breaks to signal a G2-M arrest in MMR-proficient RKO cells
    • Yan, T.; Berry, S. E.; Desai, A. B.; Kinsella, T. J. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mediates 6-thioguanine genotoxicity by introducing single-strand breaks to signal a G2-M arrest in MMR-proficient RKO cells. Clin. Cancer Res., 2003, 9, 2327-2334;
    • (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.9 , pp. 2327-2334
    • Yan, T.1    Berry, S.E.2    Desai, A.B.3    Kinsella, T.J.4
  • 252
    • 17644377918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair proteins are activators of toxic responses to chromium-DNA damage
    • Peterson-Roth, E.; Reynolds, M.; Quievryn, G.; Zhitkovich, A. Mismatch repair proteins are activators of toxic responses to chromium-DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2005, 25, 3596-3607.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 3596-3607
    • Peterson-Roth, E.1    Reynolds, M.2    Quievryn, G.3    Zhitkovich, A.4
  • 253
    • 0032723363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling mismatch repair in cancer
    • Fishel, R. Signaling mismatch repair in cancer. Nat. Med., 1999, 5, 1239-1241
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 1239-1241
    • Fishel, R.1
  • 255
    • 0028941627 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of mismatch repair to nuclear extracts of H6 colorectal tumor cells by a heterodimer of human MutL homologs
    • Li, G. M.; Modrich, P. Restoration of mismatch repair to nuclear extracts of H6 colorectal tumor cells by a heterodimer of human MutL homologs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1995, 92, 1950-1954.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. , vol.92 , pp. 1950-1954
    • Li, G.M.1    Modrich, P.2
  • 257
    • 0032584384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of MutSb from human cells and comparison of the mismatch repair specificities of MutSb and MutSa
    • Genschel, J.; Littman, S. J.; Drummond, J. T.; Modrich, P. Isolation of MutSb from human cells and comparison of the mismatch repair specificities of MutSb and MutSa. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 19895-198901.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 19895-198901
    • Genschel, J.1    Littman, S.J.2    Drummond, J.T.3    Modrich, P.4
  • 258
    • 69249137054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of MutLα, Replication Protein A (RPA), and HMGB1 in 5'-directed mismatch repair
    • Genschel, J.; Modrich, P. Functions of MutLα, Replication Protein A (RPA), and HMGB1 in 5'-directed mismatch repair. J. Biol. Chem., 2009, 284, 21536-21544.
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 21536-21544
    • Genschel, J.1    Modrich, P.2
  • 259
    • 0037115462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ORC and the intra-S-phase checkpoint: A threshold regulates Rad53p activation in S phase
    • Shimada, K.; Pasero, P.; Gasser, S. M. ORC and the intra-S-phase checkpoint: a threshold regulates Rad53p activation in S phase. Genes Dev., 2002, 16, 3236-3252.
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 3236-3252
    • Shimada, K.1    Pasero, P.2    Gasser, S.M.3
  • 261
    • 79955739303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA mismatch repair in eukaryotes and bacteria
    • Article ID 260512
    • Fukui K. DNA mismatch repair in eukaryotes and bacteria. J. Nucleic Acids, 2010, Article ID 260512.
    • (2010) J. Nucleic Acids
    • Fukui, K.1
  • 262
    • 2442670292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair-dependent G2 checkpoint induced by low doses of SN1 type methylating agents requires the ATR kinase
    • Stojic, L.; Mojas, N.; Cejka, P.; Di Pietro, M.; Ferrari, S.; Marra, G.; Jiricny, J. Mismatch repair-dependent G2 checkpoint induced by low doses of SN1 type methylating agents requires the ATR kinase. Genes Dev., 2004, 18, 1331-1344.
    • (2004) Genes Dev. , vol.18 , pp. 1331-1344
    • Stojic, L.1    Mojas, N.2    Cejka, P.3    Di Pietro, M.4    Ferrari, S.5    Marra, G.6    Jiricny, J.7
  • 263
    • 37249019677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair-dependent processing of methylation damage gives rise to persistent singlestranded gaps in newly replicated DNA
    • Mojas, N.; Lopes, M.; Jiricny, J. Mismatch repair-dependent processing of methylation damage gives rise to persistent singlestranded gaps in newly replicated DNA. Genes Dev., 2007, 21, 3342-3355.
    • (2007) Genes Dev. , vol.21 , pp. 3342-3355
    • Mojas, N.1    Lopes, M.2    Jiricny, J.3
  • 264
    • 8844259700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of S phase-dependent DNA double-strand breaks by Cr (VI) exposure: Involvement of ATM in Cr (VI) induction of γ-H2AX
    • Ha, L.; Ceryak, S.; Patierno, S. R. Generation of S phase-dependent DNA double-strand breaks by Cr (VI) exposure: involvement of ATM in Cr (VI) induction of γ-H2AX. Carcinogenesis, 2004, 25, 2265-2274.
    • (2004) Carcinogenesis , vol.25 , pp. 2265-2274
    • Ha, L.1    Ceryak, S.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 266
    • 69749113182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WRN helicase promotes repair of DNA doublestrand breaks caused by aberrant mismatch repair of chromium-DNA adducts
    • Zecevic, A.; Menard, H.; Gurel, V.; Hagan, E.; De Caro, R.; Zhitkovich, A. WRN helicase promotes repair of DNA doublestrand breaks caused by aberrant mismatch repair of chromium-DNA adducts. Cell Cycle, 2009, 8, 2769-2778.
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 2769-2778
    • Zecevic, A.1    Menard, H.2    Gurel, V.3    Hagan, E.4    De Caro, R.5    Zhitkovich, A.6
  • 267
    • 0032489520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139
    • Rogakou, E. P.; Pilch, D. R.; Orr, A. H.; Ivanova, V. S.; Bonner, W. M. DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 5858-5868.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 5858-5868
    • Rogakou, E.P.1    Pilch, D.R.2    Orr, A.H.3    Ivanova, V.S.4    Bonner, W.M.5
  • 268
    • 0034739853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) is an early participant in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks
    • Schultz, L. B.; Chehab, N. H.; Malikzay, A.; Halazonetis, T. D. p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) is an early participant in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. J. Cell Biol., 2000, 151, 1381-1390.
    • (2000) J. Cell Biol. , vol.151 , pp. 1381-1390
    • Schultz, L.B.1    Chehab, N.H.2    Malikzay, A.3    Halazonetis, T.D.4
  • 269
    • 33749256080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR regulates hexavalent chromiuminduced S-phase checkpoint through phosphorylation of SMC1
    • Wakeman, T. P.; Xu, B. ATR regulates hexavalent chromiuminduced S-phase checkpoint through phosphorylation of SMC1. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 2006, 610, 14-20.
    • (2006) Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , vol.610 , pp. 14-20
    • Wakeman, T.P.1    Xu, B.2
  • 272
    • 0034641963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defying death after DNA damage
    • Rich, T.; Allen, R. L.; Wyllie, A. H. Defying death after DNA damage. Nature, 2000, 407, 777-783.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 777-783
    • Rich, T.1    Allen, R.L.2    Wyllie, A.H.3
  • 273
    • 25444454022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killing of chromiumdamaged cells by mismatch repair and its relevance to carcinogenesis
    • Zhitkovich, A.; Peterson-Roth, E.; Reynolds, M. Killing of chromiumdamaged cells by mismatch repair and its relevance to carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle, 2005, 4, 1050-1052.
    • (2005) Cell Cycle , vol.4 , pp. 1050-1052
    • Zhitkovich, A.1    Peterson-Roth, E.2    Reynolds, M.3
  • 275
    • 67650745387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Werner syndrome protein functions in repair of Cr (VI)-induced replication-associated DNA damage
    • Liu, F-J.; Barchowsky, A.; Opresko, P. L. The Werner syndrome protein functions in repair of Cr (VI)-induced replication-associated DNA damage. Toxicol. Sci., 2009, 110, 307-318
    • (2009) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.110 , pp. 307-318
    • Liu, F.-J.1    Barchowsky, A.2    Opresko, P.L.3
  • 276
    • 0029770134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis is a major pathway responsible for the resolution of type II pneumocytes in acute lung injury
    • Bardales, R. H.; Xie, S. S.; Schaefer, R. F.; Hsu, S. M. Apoptosis is a major pathway responsible for the resolution of type II pneumocytes in acute lung injury. Am. J. Pathol., 1996, 149, 845-852.
    • (1996) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.149 , pp. 845-852
    • Bardales, R.H.1    Xie, S.S.2    Schaefer, R.F.3    Hsu, S.M.4
  • 278
    • 4944227046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the mechanisms of drug-associated interstitial lung disease
    • Higenbottam, T.; Kuwano, K.; Nemery, B.; Fujita, Y. Understanding the mechanisms of drug-associated interstitial lung disease. Br. J. Cancer, 2004, 91, S31-S37.
    • (2004) Br. J. Cancer , vol.91
    • Higenbottam, T.1    Kuwano, K.2    Nemery, B.3    Fujita, Y.4
  • 279
    • 14644407525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of apoptosis in cancer development and treatment response
    • Brown, J. M.; Attardi, L. D. The role of apoptosis in cancer development and treatment response. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2005, 5, 231-237.
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 231-237
    • Brown, J.M.1    Attardi, L.D.2
  • 281
    • 0034802551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profile in response to chromiuminduced cell stress in A549 cells
    • Ye, J.; Shi, X. Gene expression profile in response to chromiuminduced cell stress in A549 cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2001, 222, 189-197.
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.222 , pp. 189-197
    • Ye, J.1    Shi, X.2
  • 282
    • 38549173736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profile of ErbB receptor's family in human alveolar type 2-like cell line A549 exposed to hexavalent chromium
    • Castorina, A.; Tiralongo, A.; Cavallo, D.; Loreto, C.; Carnazza, M. L.; Iavicoli, S.; D'Agata, V. Expression profile of ErbB receptor's family in human alveolar type 2-like cell line A549 exposed to hexavalent chromium. Toxicol. In Vitro, 2008, 22, 541-547.
    • (2008) Toxicol. in Vitro , vol.22 , pp. 541-547
    • Castorina, A.1    Tiralongo, A.2    Cavallo, D.3    Loreto, C.4    Carnazza, M.L.5    Iavicoli, S.6    D'Agata, V.7
  • 283
    • 0345061267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pro-apoptotic and cell cycle-inhibiting genes in chromium (VI) - Treated human lung fibroblasts: Lack of effect of ERK
    • Ceryak, S.; Zingariello, C.; O'Brien, T.; Patierno, S. R. Induction of pro-apoptotic and cell cycle-inhibiting genes in chromium (VI) - treated human lung fibroblasts: lack of effect of ERK. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2004, 255, 139-149.
    • (2004) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.255 , pp. 139-149
    • Ceryak, S.1    Zingariello, C.2    O'Brien, T.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 284
    • 0031683957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Cr (VI) on the expression of the oxidative stress genes in human lung cells
    • Dubrovskaya, V. A.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Effects of Cr (VI) on the expression of the oxidative stress genes in human lung cells. Carcinogenesis, 1998, 19, 1401-1407.
    • (1998) Carcinogenesis , vol.19 , pp. 1401-1407
    • Dubrovskaya, V.A.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 285
    • 33748282175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in vivo and in arsenic-exposed human airway epithelial cells
    • O'Hara, K. A.; Nemec, A. A.; Alam, J.; Klei, L. R.; Mossman, B. T.; Barchowsky, A. Chromium (VI) inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in vivo and in arsenic-exposed human airway epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol., 2006, 209, 113-121.
    • (2006) J. Cell. Physiol. , vol.209 , pp. 113-121
    • O'Hara, K.A.1    Nemec, A.A.2    Alam, J.3    Klei, L.R.4    Mossman, B.T.5    Barchowsky, A.6
  • 286
    • 0037160034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P38 Signaling-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor induction by Cr (VI) in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells
    • Gao, N; Jiang, B. H.; Leonard, S. S.; Corum, L.; Zhang, Z.; Roberts, J. R.; Antonini, J.; Zheng, J. Z.; Flynn, D. C.; Castranova, V.; Shi, X. p38 Signaling-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor induction by Cr (VI) in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 45041-45048.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 45041-45048
    • Gao, N.1    Jiang, B.H.2    Leonard, S.S.3    Corum, L.4    Zhang, Z.5    Roberts, J.R.6    Antonini, J.7    Zheng, J.Z.8    Flynn, D.C.9    Castranova, V.10    Shi, X.11
  • 288
    • 67649173063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is essential for chromium silencing of gene induction in human airway epithelial cells
    • Nemec, A. A.; Barchowsky, A. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is essential for chromium silencing of gene induction in human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol. Sci., 2009, 110, 212-223.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.110 , pp. 212-223
    • Nemec, A.A.1    Barchowsky, A.2
  • 289
    • 0024387405 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of hexavalent chromium carcinogenicity: Effect on gene expression
    • Wetterhahn, K. E., Hamilton, J. W. Molecular basis of hexavalent chromium carcinogenicity: effect on gene expression. Sci. Total Environ., 1989, 86, 113-129.
    • (1989) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.86 , pp. 113-129
    • Wetterhahn, K.E.1    Hamilton, J.W.2
  • 290
    • 0033579490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB by decreasing the interaction of p65 with cAMP-responsive elementbinding protein-binding protein
    • Shumilla, J. A.; Broderick, R. J.; Wang, Y.; Barchowsky, A. Chromium (VI) inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB by decreasing the interaction of p65 with cAMP-responsive elementbinding protein-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 36207-36212.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 36207-36212
    • Shumilla, J.A.1    Broderick, R.J.2    Wang, Y.3    Barchowsky, A.4
  • 291
    • 0038167376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) down-regulates heavy metal-induced metallothionein gene transcription by modifying transactivation potential of the key transcription factor, metal-responsive transcription factor 1
    • Majumder, S.; Ghoshal, K.; Summers, D.; Bai, S.; Datta, J.; Jacob S. T. Chromium (VI) down-regulates heavy metal-induced metallothionein gene transcription by modifying transactivation potential of the key transcription factor, metal-responsive transcription factor 1. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 26216-26226.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 26216-26226
    • Majumder, S.1    Ghoshal, K.2    Summers, D.3    Bai, S.4    Datta, J.5    Jacob, S.T.6
  • 292
    • 1042266669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium inhibits transcription from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarboninducible promoters by blocking the release of histone deacetylase and preventing the binding of p300 to chromatin
    • Wei, Y. D., Tepperman, K., Huang, M. Y., Sartor, M. A., Puga, A. Chromium inhibits transcription from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarboninducible promoters by blocking the release of histone deacetylase and preventing the binding of p300 to chromatin. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 4110-4119.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 4110-4119
    • Wei, Y.D.1    Tepperman, K.2    Huang, M.Y.3    Sartor, M.A.4    Puga, A.5
  • 293
    • 33847737675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr (VI)-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in human airway epithelial cells requires Lck
    • O'Hara, K. A.; Vaghjiani, R. J.; Nemec, A. A.; Klei, L. R.; Barchowsky, A. Cr (VI)-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in human airway epithelial cells requires Lck. Biochem. J., 2007, 402, 261-269.
    • (2007) Biochem. J. , vol.402 , pp. 261-269
    • O'Hara, K.A.1    Vaghjiani, R.J.2    Nemec, A.A.3    Klei, L.R.4    Barchowsky, A.5
  • 295
    • 0035036868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of Cr (VI)-induced p53 activation: The role of phosphorylation, mdm2 and ERK
    • Wang, S., Shi, X. Mechanisms of Cr (VI)-induced p53 activation: the role of phosphorylation, mdm2 and ERK. Carcinogenesis, 2001, 22, 757-762.
    • (2001) Carcinogenesis , vol.22 , pp. 757-762
    • Wang, S.1    Shi, X.2
  • 297
    • 0028234529 scopus 로고
    • Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins
    • Darnell Jr, J. E.; Kerr, I. M.; Stark, G. R. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science, 1994, 264, 1415-1421.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1415-1421
    • Darnell Jr., J.E.1    Kerr, I.M.2    Stark, G.R.3
  • 298
    • 20744454264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stat1 and Stat2 but not Stat3 arbitrate contradictory growth signals elicited by alpha/beta interferon in T lymphocytes
    • Gimeno, R.; Lee, C. K.; Schindler, C.; Levy, D. E. Stat1 and Stat2 but not Stat3 arbitrate contradictory growth signals elicited by alpha/beta interferon in T lymphocytes. Mol. Cell Biol., 2005, 25, 5456-5465.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 5456-5465
    • Gimeno, R.1    Lee, C.K.2    Schindler, C.3    Levy, D.E.4
  • 299
    • 11844285731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Role of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in IFN-alpha beta responses in T lymphocytes
    • Tanabe, Y., Nishibori, T., Su, L., Arduini, R. M., Baker, D. P., David, M. Cutting edge: role of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in IFN-alpha beta responses in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol., 2005, 174, 609-613.
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 609-613
    • Tanabe, Y.1    Nishibori, T.2    Su, L.3    Arduini, R.M.4    Baker, D.P.5    David, M.6
  • 300
    • 33645731313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation in endothelial cells is a negative regulator of angiogenesis
    • Battle, T. E.; Lynch, R. A.; Frank, D. A. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation in endothelial cells is a negative regulator of angiogenesis. Cancer Res., 2006, 66, 3649-3657.
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , pp. 3649-3657
    • Battle, T.E.1    Lynch, R.A.2    Frank, D.A.3
  • 301
    • 0037061736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stat1 negatively regulates angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and metastasis of tumor cells
    • Huang, S.; Bucana, C. D.; Van Arsdall, M.; Fidler, I. J. Stat1 negatively regulates angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and metastasis of tumor cells. Oncogene, 2002, 21, 2504-2512.
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 2504-2512
    • Huang, S.1    Bucana, C.D.2    Arsdall, M.3    Fidler, I.J.4
  • 302
    • 0142219889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of Stat5b contributes to carcinogenesis in vivo
    • Xi, S.; Zhang, Q.; Gooding, W. E.; Smithgall, T. E.; Grandis, J. R. Constitutive activation of Stat5b contributes to carcinogenesis in vivo. Cancer Res., 2003, 63, 6763-6771.
    • (2003) Cancer Res. , vol.63 , pp. 6763-6771
    • Xi, S.1    Zhang, Q.2    Gooding, W.E.3    Smithgall, T.E.4    Grandis, J.R.5
  • 305
    • 44849136982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STAT-1 signaling in human lung fibroblasts is induced by vanadium pentoxide through an IFN-beta autocrine loop
    • Antao-Menezes, A.; Turpin, E. A.; Bost, P. C.; Ryman-Rasmussen, J. P.; Bonner, J. C. STAT-1 signaling in human lung fibroblasts is induced by vanadium pentoxide through an IFN-beta autocrine loop. J. Immunol., 2008, 180, 4200-4207.
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 4200-4207
    • Antao-Menezes, A.1    Turpin, E.A.2    Bost, P.C.3    Ryman-Rasmussen, J.P.4    Bonner, J.C.5
  • 306
    • 77049087831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) stimulates Fyn to initiate innate immune gene induction in human airway epithelial cells
    • Nemec, A. A.; Zubritsky, L. M.; Barchowsky, A. Chromium (VI) stimulates Fyn to initiate innate immune gene induction in human airway epithelial cells. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2010, 23, 396-404.
    • (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 396-404
    • Nemec, A.A.1    Zubritsky, L.M.2    Barchowsky, A.3
  • 308
    • 34548219506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes physical wound repair and is anti-apoptotic in primary distal lung epithelial and A549 cells
    • Roberts, J. R.; Perkins, G. D.; Fujisawa, T.; Pettigrew, K. A.; Gao, F.; Ahmed, A.; Thickett, D. R. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes physical wound repair and is anti-apoptotic in primary distal lung epithelial and A549 cells. Crit. Care Med., 2007, 35, 2164-2170.
    • (2007) Crit. Care Med. , vol.35 , pp. 2164-2170
    • Roberts, J.R.1    Perkins, G.D.2    Fujisawa, T.3    Pettigrew, K.A.4    Gao, F.5    Ahmed, A.6    Thickett, D.R.7
  • 310
    • 76049100577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIF-1: Upstream and downstream of cancer metabolism
    • Semenza, G. L. HIF-1: upstream and downstream of cancer metabolism. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 2010, 20, 51-56.
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.20 , pp. 51-56
    • Semenza, G.L.1
  • 311
    • 0037180757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and cancer
    • Coussens, L. M.; Werb, Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature, 2002, 420, 860-867.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 860-867
    • Coussens, L.M.1    Werb, Z.2
  • 312
    • 0028364387 scopus 로고
    • Preferential formation and repair of chromium-induced DNA adducts and DNA-protein crosslinks in nuclear matrix DNA
    • Xu, J.; Manning, F. C.; Patierno, S. R. Preferential formation and repair of chromium-induced DNA adducts and DNA-protein crosslinks in nuclear matrix DNA. Carcinogenesis, 1994, 15, 1443-1450.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 1443-1450
    • Xu, J.1    Manning, F.C.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 313
    • 0033864126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of dioxin-inducible phase I and phase II gene expression patterns by cadmium, chromium, and arsenic
    • Maier, A.; Dalton, T. P.; Puga, A. Disruption of dioxin-inducible phase I and phase II gene expression patterns by cadmium, chromium, and arsenic. Mol. Carcinog., 2000, 28, 225-235.
    • (2000) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.28 , pp. 225-235
    • Maier, A.1    Dalton, T.P.2    Puga, A.3
  • 314
    • 35148832010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium cross-links histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to chromatin, inhibiting histone-remodeling marks critical for transcriptional activation
    • Schnekenburger, M.; Talaska, G.; Puga, A. Chromium cross-links histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to chromatin, inhibiting histone-remodeling marks critical for transcriptional activation. Mol. Cell Biol., 2007, 27, 7089-7101.
    • (2007) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 7089-7101
    • Schnekenburger, M.1    Talaska, G.2    Puga, A.3
  • 315
    • 0032518199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NF-kappa B binding to DNA by chromium, cadmium, mercury, zinc, and arsenite in vitro: Evidence of a thiol mechanism
    • Shumilla, J. A.; Wetterhahn, K. E.; Barchowsky, A. Inhibition of NF-kappa B binding to DNA by chromium, cadmium, mercury, zinc, and arsenite in vitro: evidence of a thiol mechanism. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1998, 349, 356-362.
    • (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.349 , pp. 356-362
    • Shumilla, J.A.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2    Barchowsky, A.3
  • 316
    • 3142721913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for signaling by STAT1
    • Klampfer, L.; Huang, J.; Swaby, L. A.; Augenlicht, L. Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for signaling by STAT1. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 30358-30368.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 30358-30368
    • Klampfer, L.1    Huang, J.2    Swaby, L.A.3    Augenlicht, L.4
  • 317
    • 4644366536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone deacetylase activity is required to recruit RNA polymerase II to the promoters of selected interferon-stimulated early response genes
    • Sakamoto, S.; Potla, R.; Larner, A. C. Histone deacetylase activity is required to recruit RNA polymerase II to the promoters of selected interferon-stimulated early response genes. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 40362-40367.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 40362-40367
    • Sakamoto, S.1    Potla, R.2    Larner, A.C.3
  • 318
    • 0024805734 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of chromium (VI) on constitutive and inducible gene expression in chick embryo liver in vivo and correlation with chromium (VI)-induced DNA damage
    • Hamilton, J. W.; Wetterhahn, K. E. Differential effects of chromium (VI) on constitutive and inducible gene expression in chick embryo liver in vivo and correlation with chromium (VI)-induced DNA damage. Mol. Carcinog., 1989, 2, 274-286.
    • (1989) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.2 , pp. 274-286
    • Hamilton, J.W.1    Wetterhahn, K.E.2
  • 319
    • 0028027124 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the genotoxic carcinogen chromium (VI) on basal and hormone-inducible phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression in vivo: Correlation with glucocorticoid-and developmentally regulated expression
    • McCaffrey, J.; Wolf, C. M.; Hamilton, J. W. Effects of the genotoxic carcinogen chromium (VI) on basal and hormone-inducible phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression in vivo: correlation with glucocorticoid-and developmentally regulated expression. Mol. Carcinog., 1994, 10, 189-198.
    • (1994) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.10 , pp. 189-198
    • McCaffrey, J.1    Wolf, C.M.2    Hamilton, J.W.3
  • 320
    • 0027095686 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional inhibition by carcinogenic chromate: Relationship to DNA damage
    • Manning, F. C.; Xu, J.; Patierno, S. R. Transcriptional inhibition by carcinogenic chromate: relationship to DNA damage. Mol. Carcinog., 1992, 6, 270-279.
    • (1992) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.6 , pp. 270-279
    • Manning, F.C.1    Xu, J.2    Patierno, S.R.3
  • 323
    • 0030634292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage to DNA: Formation, measurement, and biological significance
    • Cadet, J.; Berger, M.; Douki, T.; Ravanat, J. L. Oxidative damage to DNA: formation, measurement, and biological significance. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1997, 131, 1-87.
    • (1997) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.131 , pp. 1-87
    • Cadet, J.1    Berger, M.2    Douki, T.3    Ravanat, J.L.4
  • 325
    • 0036358038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAPK-regulated transcription: A continuously variable gene switch?
    • Hazzalin, C. A.; Mahadevan, L. C. MAPK-regulated transcription: a continuously variable gene switch? Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2002, 3, 30-40.
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 30-40
    • Hazzalin, C.A.1    Mahadevan, L.C.2
  • 326
    • 34248597065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs
    • Raman, M.; Chen, W.; Cobb, M. H. Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs. Oncogene, 2007, 26, 3100-3112.
    • (2007) Oncogene , vol.26 , pp. 3100-3112
    • Raman, M.1    Chen, W.2    Cobb, M.H.3
  • 327
    • 0029944578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium induces a persistent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a redox-sensitive mechanism in H4 rat hepatoma cells
    • Kim, G.; Yurkow, E. J. Chromium induces a persistent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a redox-sensitive mechanism in H4 rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Res., 1996, 56, 2045-2051.
    • (1996) Cancer Res. , vol.56 , pp. 2045-2051
    • Kim, G.1    Yurkow, E.J.2
  • 328
    • 0042092343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective activation of Src family kinases and JNK by low levels of chromium (VI)
    • O'Hara, K. A.; Klei, L. R.; Barchowsky, A. Selective activation of Src family kinases and JNK by low levels of chromium (VI). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2003, 190, 214-223.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.190 , pp. 214-223
    • O'Hara, K.A.1    Klei, L.R.2    Barchowsky, A.3
  • 329
    • 0028809788 scopus 로고
    • Chromium (VI) - Induced nuclear factor-κB activation in intact cells via free radical reactions
    • Ye, J.; Zhang, X.; Young, H. A.; Mao, Y.; Shi, X. Chromium (VI) - induced nuclear factor-κB activation in intact cells via free radical reactions. Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, 2401-2405.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 2401-2405
    • Ye, J.1    Zhang, X.2    Young, H.A.3    Mao, Y.4    Shi, X.5
  • 330
    • 0028935027 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chromium on basal and insulininduced tyrosine phosphorylation in H4 hepatoma cells: Comparison with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and sodium orthovanadate
    • Yurkow, E. J.; Kim, G. Effects of chromium on basal and insulininduced tyrosine phosphorylation in H4 hepatoma cells: comparison with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and sodium orthovanadate. Mol. Pharmacol., 1995, 47, 686-695.
    • (1995) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 686-695
    • Yurkow, E.J.1    Kim, G.2
  • 332
    • 0026095665 scopus 로고
    • A retroviral oncogene, Akt, encoding a serine-threonine kinase containing an SH2-like region
    • Bellacosa, A.; Testa, J. R.; Staal, S. P.; Tsichlis, P. N. A retroviral oncogene, Akt, encoding a serine-threonine kinase containing an SH2-like region. Science, 1991, 254, 274-277.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 274-277
    • Bellacosa, A.1    Testa, J.R.2    Staal, S.P.3    Tsichlis, P.N.4
  • 333
    • 27844445642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perturbations of the AKT signaling pathway in human cancer
    • Altomare, D. A.; Testa, J. R. Perturbations of the AKT signaling pathway in human cancer. Oncogene, 2005, 24, 7455-7464.
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 7455-7464
    • Altomare, D.A.1    Testa, J.R.2
  • 335
    • 66849113849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKT1 mediates bypass of the G1/S checkpoint after genotoxic stress in normal human cells
    • Lal, M. A.; Bae, D.; Camilli, T. C.; Patierno, S. R.; Ceryak, S. AKT1 mediates bypass of the G1/S checkpoint after genotoxic stress in normal human cells. Cell Cycle, 2009, 10, 1589-1602.
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.10 , pp. 1589-1602
    • Lal, M.A.1    Bae, D.2    Camilli, T.C.3    Patierno, S.R.4    Ceryak, S.5
  • 336
    • 18344366048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting in and out of mitosis with Polo-like kinase-1
    • van Vugt, M. A.; Medema, R. H. Getting in and out of mitosis with Polo-like kinase-1. Oncogene, 2005, 24, 2844-2859.
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 2844-2859
    • Van Vugt, M.A.1    Medema, R.H.2
  • 337
    • 77952310725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polo-like kinase 1 enhances survival and mutagenesis after genotoxic stress in normal cells through cell cycle checkpoint bypass
    • Chun, G.; Bae, D.; Nickens, K.; O'Brien, T. J.; Patierno, S. R; Ceryak, S. Polo-like kinase 1 enhances survival and mutagenesis after genotoxic stress in normal cells through cell cycle checkpoint bypass. Carcinogenesis, 2010, 31, 785-793.
    • (2010) Carcinogenesis , vol.31 , pp. 785-793
    • Chun, G.1    Bae, D.2    Nickens, K.3    O'Brien, T.J.4    Patierno, S.R.5    Ceryak, S.6
  • 338
    • 60549113874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced clonogenic survival induced by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibition after Cr (VI) exposure is mediated by c-Raf and Ras activity
    • Bae, D.; Camilli, T. C.; Ha, N. T.; Ceryak, S. Enhanced clonogenic survival induced by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibition after Cr (VI) exposure is mediated by c-Raf and Ras activity. Cell. Signal., 2009, 21, 727-736.
    • (2009) Cell. Signal. , vol.21 , pp. 727-736
    • Bae, D.1    Camilli, T.C.2    Ha, N.T.3    Ceryak, S.4
  • 339
    • 0033867513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogenactivated protein kinases by chromium (VI) is mediated through oxidative stress but does not affect cytotoxicity
    • Chuang, S. M.; Liou, G. Y.; Yang, J. L. Activation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogenactivated protein kinases by chromium (VI) is mediated through oxidative stress but does not affect cytotoxicity. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 1491-1500.
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 1491-1500
    • Chuang, S.M.1    Liou, G.Y.2    Yang, J.L.3
  • 340
    • 67650891869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct contributions of JNK and p38 to chromium cytotoxicity and inhibition of murine embryonic stem cell differentiation
    • Chen, L.; Ovesen, J. L.; Puga, A.; Xia, Y. Distinct contributions of JNK and p38 to chromium cytotoxicity and inhibition of murine embryonic stem cell differentiation. Environ. Health Perspect., 2009, 117, 1124-1130.
    • (2009) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.117 , pp. 1124-1130
    • Chen, L.1    Ovesen, J.L.2    Puga, A.3    Xia, Y.4
  • 341
    • 0035449355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases
    • Abraham, R. T. Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes Dev., 2001, 15, 2177-2196.
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 2177-2196
    • Abraham, R.T.1
  • 342
    • 0035834693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to DNA doublestrand breaks
    • Burma, S.; Chen, B. P.; Murphy, M.; Kurimasa, A.; Chen, D. J. ATM phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to DNA doublestrand breaks. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 42462-42467.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 42462-42467
    • Burma, S.1    Chen, B.P.2    Murphy, M.3    Kurimasa, A.4    Chen, D.J.5
  • 343
    • 0035930537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATRdependent manner in response to replicational stress
    • Ward, I. M.; Chen, J. Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATRdependent manner in response to replicational stress. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 47759-47762.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 47759-47762
    • Ward, I.M.1    Chen, J.2
  • 344
    • 0344237360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA-PK is activated by nucleosomes and phosphorylates H2AX within the nucleosomes in an acetylation-dependent manner
    • Park, E. J.; Chan, D. W.; Park, J. H.; Oettinger, M. A.; Kwon, J. DNA-PK is activated by nucleosomes and phosphorylates H2AX within the nucleosomes in an acetylation-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res., 2003, 31, 6819-6827.
    • (2003) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.31 , pp. 6819-6827
    • Park, E.J.1    Chan, D.W.2    Park, J.H.3    Oettinger, M.A.4    Kwon, J.5
  • 345
    • 0036364215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM: From phenotype to functional genomics-and back
    • Shiloh, Y. ATM: from phenotype to functional genomics-and back. Ernst Schering Res. Found. Workshop, 2002, 51-70.
    • (2002) Ernst Schering Res. Found. Workshop , pp. 51-70
    • Shiloh, Y.1
  • 346
    • 0346059615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1-Nbs1 function in parallel interacting pathways activating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in response to DNA damage
    • Mochan, T. A.; Venere, M.; Di Tullio Jr, R. A.; Halazonetis, T. D. 53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1-Nbs1 function in parallel interacting pathways activating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in response to DNA damage. Cancer Res., 2003, 63, 8586-8591.
    • (2003) Cancer Res. , vol.63 , pp. 8586-8591
    • Mochan, T.A.1    Venere, M.2    Di Tullio Jr., R.A.3    Halazonetis, T.D.4
  • 348
    • 0037112212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint
    • Wang, B.; Matsuoka, S.; Carpenter, P. B.; Elledge, S. J. 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint. Science, 2002, 298, 1435-1438.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Wang, B.1    Matsuoka, S.2    Carpenter, P.B.3    Elledge, S.J.4
  • 353
    • 38049173021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologous recombination in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance
    • Li, X.; Heyer, W. D. Homologous recombination in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance. Cell Res., 2008, 18, 99-113.
    • (2008) Cell Res. , vol.18 , pp. 99-113
    • Li, X.1    Heyer, W.D.2
  • 354
  • 355
    • 29144506137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fanconi Anemia/BRCA pathway: New faces in the crowd
    • Kennedy, R. D.; D'Andrea, A. D. The Fanconi Anemia/BRCA pathway: new faces in the crowd. Genes Dev., 2005, 19, 2925-2940.
    • (2005) Genes Dev. , vol.19 , pp. 2925-2940
    • Kennedy, R.D.1    D'Andrea, A.D.2
  • 356
    • 0035099044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRCA2 is required for homology-directed repair of chromosomal breaks
    • Moynahan, M. E.; Pierce, A. J.; Jasin, M. BRCA2 is required for homology-directed repair of chromosomal breaks. Mol. Cell, 2001, 7, 263-272.
    • (2001) Mol. Cell , vol.7 , pp. 263-272
    • Moynahan, M.E.1    Pierce, A.J.2    Jasin, M.3
  • 357
    • 0020395134 scopus 로고
    • Defective repair of mitomycin C crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia and loss in confluent normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells
    • Fujiwara, Y. Defective repair of mitomycin C crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia and loss in confluent normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1982, 699, 217-225.
    • (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.699 , pp. 217-225
    • Fujiwara, Y.1
  • 358
    • 0027374418 scopus 로고
    • Induction and removal of interstrand crosslinks in the ribosomal RNA genes of lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with Fanconi anemia
    • Rey, J. P.; Scott, R.; Muller, H. Induction and removal of interstrand crosslinks in the ribosomal RNA genes of lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with Fanconi anemia. Mutat. Res., 1993, 289, 171-180.
    • (1993) Mutat. Res. , vol.289 , pp. 171-180
    • Rey, J.P.1    Scott, R.2    Muller, H.3
  • 359
    • 0942289901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fanconi anemia pathway and the DNA interstrand cross-links repair
    • Rosselli, F.; Briot, D.; Pichierri, P. The Fanconi anemia pathway and the DNA interstrand cross-links repair. Biochimie, 2003, 85, 1175-1184.
    • (2003) Biochimie , vol.85 , pp. 1175-1184
    • Rosselli, F.1    Briot, D.2    Pichierri, P.3
  • 361
    • 33749263169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FANCD2 monoubiquitination and activation by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exposure: Activation is not required for repair of Cr (VI)-induced DSBs
    • Vilcheck, S. K.; Ceryak, S.; O'Brien, T. J.; Patierno, S. R. FANCD2 monoubiquitination and activation by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exposure: activation is not required for repair of Cr (VI)-induced DSBs. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 2006, 610, 21-30.
    • (2006) Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , vol.610 , pp. 21-30
    • Vilcheck, S.K.1    Ceryak, S.2    O'Brien, T.J.3    Patierno, S.R.4
  • 363
    • 33745888720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologous recombination is involved in repair of chromium-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells
    • Bryant, H. E.; Ying, S.; Helleday, T. Homologous recombination is involved in repair of chromium-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 2006, 599, 116-123.
    • (2006) Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.599 , pp. 116-123
    • Bryant, H.E.1    Ying, S.2    Helleday, T.3
  • 367
    • 0036336673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination
    • van den Bosch, M.; Lohman, P. H.; Pastink, A. DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination. Biol. Chem., 2002, 383, 873-892.
    • (2002) Biol. Chem. , vol.383 , pp. 873-892
    • Van Den Bosch, M.1    Lohman, P.H.2    Pastink, A.3
  • 368
    • 4444339506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two modes of DNA double-strand break repair are reciprocally regulated through the fission yeast cell cycle
    • Ferreira, M. G.; Cooper, J. P. Two modes of DNA double-strand break repair are reciprocally regulated through the fission yeast cell cycle. Genes Dev., 2004, 18, 2249-2254.
    • (2004) Genes Dev. , vol.18 , pp. 2249-2254
    • Ferreira, M.G.1    Cooper, J.P.2
  • 369
    • 0038668792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability of chromosome structure in cancer cells increases exponentially with degrees of aneuploidy
    • Fabarius, A.; Hehlmann, R.; Duesberg, P. H. Instability of chromosome structure in cancer cells increases exponentially with degrees of aneuploidy. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 2003, 143, 59-72.
    • (2003) Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. , vol.143 , pp. 59-72
    • Fabarius, A.1    Hehlmann, R.2    Duesberg, P.H.3
  • 370
    • 0031737605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotoxicologic effects of inhaled chromium: Role of particle solubility and co-exposure to ozone
    • Cohen, M. D.; Zelikoff, J. T.; Chen, L. C.; Schlesinger, R. B. Immunotoxicologic effects of inhaled chromium: role of particle solubility and co-exposure to ozone. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1998, 152, 30-40.
    • (1998) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.152 , pp. 30-40
    • Cohen, M.D.1    Zelikoff, J.T.2    Chen, L.C.3    Schlesinger, R.B.4
  • 371
    • 4043172645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subchronic inhalation toxicity of soluble hexavalent chromium trioxide in rats
    • Kim, H. Y.; Lee, S. B.; Jang, B. S. Subchronic inhalation toxicity of soluble hexavalent chromium trioxide in rats. Arch. Toxicol., 2004, 78, 363-368.
    • (2004) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.78 , pp. 363-368
    • Kim, H.Y.1    Lee, S.B.2    Jang, B.S.3
  • 373
    • 0032939399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • Suda, T.; Chida, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Imokawa, S.; Iwata, M.; Nakamura, H.; Sato, A. Development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest, 1999, 115, 357-363.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 357-363
    • Suda, T.1    Chida, K.2    Hayakawa, H.3    Imokawa, S.4    Iwata, M.5    Nakamura, H.6    Sato, A.7
  • 374
    • 0032819701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction, persistence and modulation of cytogenetic alterations in cells of smoke-exposed mice
    • Balansky, R. M.; D'Agostini, F.; De Flora, S. Induction, persistence and modulation of cytogenetic alterations in cells of smoke-exposed mice. Carcinogenesis, 1999, 20, 1491-1497.
    • (1999) Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , pp. 1491-1497
    • Balansky, R.M.1    D'Agostini, F.2    De Flora, S.3
  • 375
    • 0038377619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of asthma and risk of lung cancer (United States)
    • Santillan, A. A.; Camargo Jr, C. A.; Colditz, G. A. A meta-analysis of asthma and risk of lung cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control, 2003, 14, 327-334.
    • (2003) Cancer Causes Control , vol.14 , pp. 327-334
    • Santillan, A.A.1    Camargo Jr., C.A.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 377
    • 34547588840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with lung cancer mortality in a prospective study of never smokers
    • Turner, M. C.; Chen, Y.; Krewski, D.; Calle, E. E.; Thun, M. J. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with lung cancer mortality in a prospective study of never smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2007, 176, 285-290.
    • (2007) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.176 , pp. 285-290
    • Turner, M.C.1    Chen, Y.2    Krewski, D.3    Calle, E.E.4    Thun, M.J.5
  • 378
    • 33846531356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumour microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention
    • Albini, A.; Sporn, M. B. The tumour microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2007, 7, 139-147.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 139-147
    • Albini, A.1    Sporn, M.B.2
  • 379
    • 15844400550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and lung cancer: A metaanalysis
    • Khuder, S. A.; Herial, N. A.; Mutgi, A. B.; Federman, D. J. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and lung cancer: a metaanalysis. Chest, 2005, 127, 748-754.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 748-754
    • Khuder, S.A.1    Herial, N.A.2    Mutgi, A.B.3    Federman, D.J.4
  • 383
    • 0041881639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of welding fumes of differing composition and solubility on free radical production and acute lung injury and inflammation in rats
    • Taylor, M. D.; Roberts, J. R.; Leonard, S. S.; Shi, X.; Antonini, J. M. Effects of welding fumes of differing composition and solubility on free radical production and acute lung injury and inflammation in rats. Toxicol. Sci., 2003, 75, 181-191.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 181-191
    • Taylor, M.D.1    Roberts, J.R.2    Leonard, S.S.3    Shi, X.4    Antonini, J.M.5
  • 385
    • 34548457382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term stainless steel welding fume inhalation exposure on lung inflammation, injury, and defense responses in rats
    • Antonini, J. M.; Stone, S.; Roberts, J. R.; Chen, B.; Schwegler-Berry, D.; Afshari, A. A.; Frazer, D. G. Effect of short-term stainless steel welding fume inhalation exposure on lung inflammation, injury, and defense responses in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2007, 223, 234-245.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.223 , pp. 234-245
    • Antonini, J.M.1    Stone, S.2    Roberts, J.R.3    Chen, B.4    Schwegler-Berry, D.5    Afshari, A.A.6    Frazer, D.G.7
  • 387
    • 33847020833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in wound repair: Molecular and cellular mechanisms
    • Eming, S. A.; Krieg, T.; Davidson, J. M. Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms. J. Invest, Dermatol., 2007, 127, 514-525.
    • (2007) J. Invest, Dermatol. , vol.127 , pp. 514-525
    • Eming, S.A.1    Krieg, T.2    Davidson, J.M.3
  • 389
    • 0001483173 scopus 로고
    • Tests on surviving carcinoma cultures
    • Warburg, O. Tests on surviving carcinoma cultures. Biochem. Z., 1923, 142, 317-333.
    • (1923) Biochem. Z. , vol.142 , pp. 317-333
    • Warburg, O.1
  • 391
    • 0023926307 scopus 로고
    • Toxic effect of chromium on cellular metabolism
    • Debetto, P.; Luciani, S. Toxic effect of chromium on cellular metabolism. Sci. Total Environ., 1988, 71, 365-377.
    • (1988) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.71 , pp. 365-377
    • Debetto, P.1    Luciani, S.2
  • 392
    • 77951416595 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
    • Carter, C. E. Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1956, 25, 123-146.
    • (1956) Ann. Rev. Biochem. , vol.25 , pp. 123-146
    • Carter, C.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.