Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels: From genes to function

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 847-885

  Biel, Martin ^a   Wahl Schott, Christian ^a   Michalakis, Stylianos ^a   Zong, Xiangang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATION CHANNEL; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL; PROTON;

CELL MEMBRANE; DENDRITIC CELL; HEART RATE; HEART RHYTHM; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HYPERPOLARIZATION; LEARNING; LONG TERM POTENTIATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PACEMAKER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; WORKING MEMORY;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CHANNELOPATHIES; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CATION CHANNELS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HEART; HUMANS; ION CHANNEL GATING; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; POTASSIUM CHANNELS;

EID: 67651030760     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: 15221210     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2008     Document Type: Review

References (452)

1. Abbas SY, Ying SW, Goldstein PA. Compartmental distribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel 2 and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel 4 in thalamic reticular and thalamocortical relay neurons. Neuroscience 141: 1811-1825, 2006.
2. Abbott GW, Sesti F, Splawski I, Buck ME, Lehmann MH, Timothy KW, Keating MT, Goldstein SA. MiRP1 forms IKr potassium channels with HERG and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia. Cell 97: 175-187, 1999.
3. Accili EA, DiFrancesco D. Inhibition of the hyperpolarization- activated current (if) of rabbit SA node myocytes by niflumic acid. Pflügers Arch 431: 757-762, 1996.
4. Accili EA, Redaelli G, DiFrancesco D. Differential control of the hyperpolarization-activated current (i(f)) by cAMP gating and phosphatase inhibition in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol 500: 643-651, 1997.
5. f in newborn versus adult cardiac SA node. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 272: H1549-H1552, 1997.
6. Akhavan A, Atanasiu R, Noguchi T, Han W, Holder N, Shrier A. Identification of the cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain as a conserved determinant of ion-channel cell-surface localization. J Cell Sci 118: 2803-2812, 2005.
7. Altomare C, Bucchi A, Camatini E, Baruscotti M, Viscomi C, Moroni A, DiFrancesco D. Integrated allosteric model of voltage gating of HCN channels. J Gen Physiol 117: 519-532, 2001.
8. Altomare C, Terragni B, Brioschi C, Milanesi R, Pagliuca C, Viscomi C, Moroni A, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D. Heteromeric HCN1-HCN4 channels: a comparison with native pacemaker channels from the rabbit sinoatrial node. J Physiol 549: 347-359, 2003.
9. Andersen JA, Andersson SA. Physiological Basis of the Alpha Rhythm. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968.
10. Andrasfalvy BK, Smith MA, Borchardt T, Sprengel R, Magee JC. Impaired regulation of synaptic strength in hippocampal neurons from GluR1-deficient mice. J Physiol 552: 35-45, 2003.
11. Angelo K, London M, Christensen SR, Hausser M. Local and global effects of I(h) distribution in dendrites of mammalian neurons. J Neurosci 27: 8643-8653, 2007.
12. Aponte Y, Lien CC, Reisinger E, Jonas P. Hyperpolarization- activated cation channels in fast-spiking interneurons of rat hippocampus. J Physiol 574: 229-243, 2006.
13. Arinsburg SS, Cohen IS, Yu HG. Constitutively active Src tyrosine kinase changes gating of HCN4 channels through direct binding to the channel proteins. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 47: 578-586, 2006.
14. Armoundas AA, Wu R, Juang G, Marban E, Tomaselli GF. Electrical and structural remodeling of the failing ventricle. Pharmacol Ther 92: 213-230, 2001.
15. Arnsten AF. Catecholamine and second messenger influences on prefrontal cortical networks of "representational knowledge": a rational bridge between genetics and the symptoms of mental illness. Cereb Cortex 17 Suppl 1: i6 -15, 2007.
16. Arnsten AF. Through the looking glass: differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function. Neural Plast 7: 133-146, 2000.
17. Attwell D, Wilson M. Behaviour of the rod network in the tiger salamander retina mediated by membrane properties of individual rods. J Physiol 309: 287-315, 1980.
18. Aydar E, Palmer C. Functional characterization of the C-terminus of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene K(+) channel (HERG). J Physiol 534: 1-14, 2001.
19. Azene EM, Xue T, Li RA. Molecular basis of the effect of potassium on heterologously expressed pacemaker (HCN) channels. J Physiol 547: 349-356, 2003.
20. Bader CR, Bertrand D. Effect of changes in intra- and extracellular sodium on the inward (anomalous) rectification in salamander photoreceptors. J Physiol 347: 611-631, 1984.
21. Bal T, McCormick DA. Synchronized oscillations in the inferior olive are controlled by the hyperpolarization-activated cation current I(h). J Neurophysiol 77: 3145-3156, 1997.
22. Bal T, McCormick DA. What stops synchronized thalamocortical oscillations? Neuron 17: 297-308, 1996.
23. Bal T, von Krosigk M, McCormick DA. Role of the ferret perigeniculate nucleus in the generation of synchronized oscillations in vitro. J Physiol 483: 665-685, 1995.
24. Bal T, von Krosigk M, McCormick DA. Synaptic and membrane mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus in vitro. J Physiol 483: 641-663, 1995.
25. h) in neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: voltage-clamp analysis and enhancement by norepinephrine and cAMP suggest a modulatory mechanism in the auditory brain stem. J Neurophysiol 70: 1420-1432, 1993.
26. Barbuti A, Gravante B, Riolfo M, Milanesi R, Terragni B, DiFrancesco D. Localization of pacemaker channels in lipid rafts regulates channel kinetics. Circ Res 94: 1325-1331, 2004.
27. Barbuti A, Terragni B, Brioschi C, DiFrancesco D. Localization of f-channels to caveolae mediates specific beta2-adrenergic receptor modulation of rate in sinoatrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 42: 71-78, 2007.
28. Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Difrancesco D. Physiology and pharmacology of the cardiac pacemaker ("funny") current. Pharmacol Ther 107: 59-79, 2005.
29. Baruscotti M, Difrancesco D. Pacemaker channels. Ann NY Acad Sci 1015: 111-121, 2004.
30. ATP channels. Science 282: 1141-1144, 1998.
31. Bayliss DA, Viana F, Bellingham MC, Berger AJ. Characteristics and postnatal development of a hyperpolarization-activated inward current in rat hypoglossal motoneurons in vitro. J Neurophysiol 71: 119-128, 1994.
32. Beaumont V, Zhong N, Froemke RC, Ball RW, Zucker RS. Temporal synaptic tagging by I(h) activation and actin: involvement in long-term facilitation and cAMP-induced synaptic enhancement. Neuron 33: 601-613, 2002.
33. h channels. Nat Neurosci 3: 133-141, 2000.
34. Bekkers JM. Distribution and activation of voltage-gated potassium channels in cell-attached and outside-out patches from large layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons of the rat. J Physiol 525: 611-620, 2000.
35. Bender RA, Soleymani SV, Brewster AL, Nguyen ST, Beck H, Mathern GW, Baram TZ. Enhanced expression of a specific hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel (HCN) in surviving dentate gyrus granule cells of human and experimental epileptic hippocampus. J Neurosci 23: 6826-6836, 2003.
36. Benetos A, Rudnichi A, Thomas F, Safar M, Guize L. Influence of heart rate on mortality in a French population: role of age, gender, and blood pressure. Hypertension 33: 44-52, 1999.
37. Benham CD, Bolton TB, Denbigh JS, Lang RJ. Inward rectification in freshly isolated single smooth muscle cells of the rabbit jejunum. J Physiol 383: 461-476, 1987.
38. h disconnects somatic and dendritic spike initiation zones in layer V pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 90: 2428-2437, 2003.
39. Biel M, Michalakis S. Function and dysfunction of CNG channels: insights from channelopathies and mouse models. Mol Neurobiol 35: 266-277, 2007.
40. Biel M, Schneider A, Wahl C. Cardiac HCN channels: structure, function, and modulation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 12: 206-212, 2002.
41. h in central neurons. Neuron 2: 1535-1540, 1989.
42. Bois P, Guinamard R, Chemaly AE, Faivre JF, Bescond J. Molecular regulation and pharmacology of pacemaker channels. Curr Pharm Des 13: 2338-2349, 2007.
43. Bois P, Renaudon B, Baruscotti M, Lenfant J, DiFrancesco D. Activation of f-channels by cAMP analogues in macropatches from rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol 501: 565-571, 1997.
44. f inhibitors as specific heart-rate-reducing agents. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 1: 103-109, 2004.
45. Borlak J, Thum T. Hallmarks of ion channel gene expression in end-stage heart failure. FASEB J 17: 1592-1608, 2003.
46. f) in guinea-pig dissociated sinoatrial node cells. Br J Pharmacol 110: 343-349, 1993.
47. Brewster A, Bender RA, Chen Y, Dube C, Eghbal-Ahmadi M, Baram TZ. Developmental febrile seizures modulate hippocampal gene expression of hyperpolarization-activated channels in an isoform-and cell-specific manner. J Neurosci 22: 4591-4599, 2002.
48. Brewster AL, Bernard JA, Gall CM, Baram TZ. Formation of heteromeric hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the hippocampus is regulated by developmental seizures. Neurobiol Dis 19: 200-207, 2005.
49. Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ. How does adrenaline accelerate the heart? Nature 280: 235-236, 1979.
50. Brown HF, DiFrancisco D, Noble SJ. Adrenaline action on rabbit sino-atrial node [proceedings]. J Physiol 290: 31P-32P, 1979.
51. Brown HF, Giles W, Noble SJ. Membrane currents underlying activity in frog sinus venosus. J Physiol 271: 783-816, 1977.
52. Bruening-Wright A, Elinder F, Larsson HP. Kinetic relationship between the voltage sensor and the activation gate in spHCN channels. J Gen Physiol 130: 71-81, 2007.
53. Bruening-Wright A, Larsson HP. Slow conformational changes of the voltage sensor during the mode shift in hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels. J Neurosci 27: 270-278, 2007.
54. 2+ and modulated by cAMP. Nature 365: 445-448, 1993.
55. Bucchi A, Barbuti A, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D. Heart rate reduction via selective "funny" channel blockers. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7: 208-213, 2007.
56. Bucchi A, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D. Current-dependent block of rabbit sino-atrial node I(f) channels by ivabradine. J Gen Physiol 120: 1-13, 2002.
57. Bucchi A, Tognati A, Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D. Properties of ivabradine-induced block of HCN1 and HCN4 pacemaker channels. J Physiol 572: 335-346, 2006.
58. Budde T, Caputi L, Kanyshkova T, Staak R, Abrahamczik C, Munsch T, Pape HC. Impaired regulation of thalamic pacemaker channels through an imbalance of subunit expression in absence epilepsy. J Neurosci 25: 9871-9882, 2005.
59. Budde T, Coulon P, Pawlowski M, Meuth P, Kanyshkova T, Japes A, Meuth SG, Pape HC. Reciprocal modulation of I(h) and I(TASK) in thalamocortical relay neurons by halothane. Pflügers Arch 456: 1061-1073, 2008.
60. h) in neocortical neurons is blocked by external proteolysis and internal TEA. J Neurophysiol 72: 2737-2742, 1994.
61. Bullis JB, Jones TD, Poolos NP. Reversed somatodendritic I(h) gradient in a class of rat hippocampal neurons with pyramidal morphology. J Physiol 579: 431-443, 2007.
62. Buzsaki G. Theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Neuron 33: 325-340, 2002.
63. Buzsaki G. Two-stage model of memory trace formation: a role for "noisy" brain states. Neuroscience 31: 551-570, 1989.
64. Buzsaki G, Bickford RG, Ponomareff G, Thal LJ, Mandel R, Gage FH. Nucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat. J Neurosci 8: 4007-4026, 1988.
65. Buzsaki G, Draguhn A. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science 304: 1926-1929, 2004.
66. Buzsaki G, Leung LW, Vanderwolf CH. Cellular bases of hippocampal EEG in the behaving rat. Brain Res 287: 139-171, 1983.
67. Cacheaux LP, Topf N, Tibbs GR, Schaefer UR, Levi R, Harrison NL, Abbott GW, Goldstein PA. Impairment of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel function by the intravenous general anesthetic propofol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315: 517-525, 2005.
68. Campbell JN, Meyer RA. Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron 52: 77-92, 2006.
69. Cangiano L, Gargini C, Della Santina L, Demontis GC, Cervetto L. High-pass filtering of input signals by the I(h) current in a non-spiking neuron, the retinal rod bipolar cell. PLoS ONE 2: e1327, 2007.
70. Carmeliet E. Cardiac ionic currents and acute ischemia: from channels to arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 79: 917-1017, 1999.
71. Carr DB, Andrews GD, Glen WB, Lavin A. alpha2-Noradrenergic receptors activation enhances excitability and synaptic integration in rat prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons via inhibition of HCN currents. J Physiol 584: 437-450, 2007.
72. Cerbai E, Barbieri M, Mugelli A. Characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated current, I(f), in ventricular myocytes isolated from hypertensive rats. J Physiol 481: 585-591, 1994.
73. f in ventricular myocytes from normotensive and hypertensive rats during aging. Circulation 94: 1674-1681, 1996.
74. Cerbai E, Crucitti A, Sartiani L, De Paoli P, Pino R, Rodriguez ML, Gensini G, Mugelli A. Long-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with losartan and electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 45: 388-396, 2000.
75. Cerbai E, De Paoli P, Sartiani L, Lonardo G, Mugelli A. Treatment with irbesartan counteracts the functional remodeling of ventricular myocytes from hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 41: 804-812, 2003.
76. Cerbai E, Mugelli A. I(f) in non-pacemaker cells: role and pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Res 53: 416-423, 2006.
77. Cerbai E, Pino R, Sartiani L, Mugelli A. Influence of postnatal-development on I(f) occurrence and properties in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 42: 416-423, 1999.
78. Cervetto L, Demontis GC, Gargini C. Cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of phosphenes. Br J Pharmacol 150: 383-390, 2007.
79. Chang F, Cohen IS, DiFrancesco D, Rosen MR, Tromba C. Effects of protein kinase inhibitors on canine Purkinje fibre pacemaker depolarization and the pacemaker current i(f). J Physiol 440: 367-384, 1991.
80. Chaplan SR, Guo HQ, Lee DH, Luo L, Liu C, Kuei C, Velumian AA, Butler MP, Brown SM, Dubin AE. Neuronal hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels drive neuropathic pain. J Neurosci 23: 1169-1178, 2003.
81. Chen J, Mitcheson JS, Lin M, Sanguinetti MC. Functional roles of charged residues in the putative voltage sensor of the HCN2 pacemaker channel. J Biol Chem 275: 36465-36471, 2000.
82. Chen J, Piper DR, Sanguinetti MC. Voltage sensing and activation gating of HCN pacemaker channels. Trends Cardiovasc Med 12: 42-45, 2002.
83. Chen K, Aradi I, Thon N, Eghbal-Ahmadi M, Baram TZ, Soltesz I. Persistently modified h-channels after complex febrile seizures convert the seizure-induced enhancement of inhibition to hyperexcitability. Nat Med 7: 331-337, 2001.
84. Chen K, Baram TZ, Soltesz I. Febrile seizures in the developing brain result in persistent modification of neuronal excitability in limbic circuits. Nat Med 5: 888-894, 1999.
85. Chen S, Wang J, Siegelbaum SA. Properties of hyperpolarization- activated pacemaker current defined by coassembly of HCN1 and HCN2 subunits and basal modulation by cyclic nucleotide. J Gen Physiol 117: 491-504, 2001.
86. Chen S, Wang J, Zhou L, George MS, Siegelbaum SA. Voltage sensor movement and cAMP binding allosterically regulate an inherently voltage-independent closed-open transition in HCN channels. J Gen Physiol 129: 175-188, 2007.
87. Chen X, Sirois JE, Lei Q, Talley EM, Lynch C 3rd, Bayliss DA. HCN subunit-specific and cAMP-modulated effects of anesthetics on neuronal pacemaker currents. J Neurosci 25: 5803-5814, 2005.
88. Cheng L, Kinard K, Rajamani R, Sanguinetti MC. Molecular mapping of the binding site for a blocker of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-modulated pacemaker channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 322: 931-939, 2007.
89. h channels in synaptic transmission and mossy fiber LTP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 9538-9543, 2002.
90. Cohen IS, Robinson RB. Pacemaker current and automatic rhythms: toward a molecular understanding. Handb Exp Pharmacol: 41-71, 2006.
91. Contreras D, Destexhe A, Sejnowski TJ, Steriade M. Spatio-temporal patterns of spindle oscillations in cortex and thalamus. J Neurosci 17: 1179-1196, 1997.
92. Contreras D, Steriade M. Spindle oscillation in cats: the role of corticothalamic feedback in a thalamically generated rhythm. J Physiol 490: 159-179, 1996.
93. Craven KB, Zagotta WN. CNG and HCN channels: two peas, one pod. Annu Rev Physiol 68: 375-401, 2006.
94. Craven KB, Zagotta WN. Salt bridges and gating in the COOH-terminal region of HCN2 and CNGA1 channels. J Gen Physiol 124: 663-677, 2004.
95. Crepel F, Penit-Soria J. Inward rectification and low threshold calcium conductance in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. An in vitro study. J Physiol 372: 1-23, 1986.
96. Crunelli V, Kelly JS, Leresche N, Pirchio M. The ventral and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat: intracellular recordings in vitro. J Physiol 384: 587-601, 1987.
97. Cunningham MO, Davies CH, Buhl EH, Kopell N, Whittington MA. Gamma oscillations induced by kainate receptor activation in the entorhinal cortex in vitro. J Neurosci 23: 9761-9769, 2003.
98. Day M, Carr DB, Ulrich S, Ilijic E, Tkatch T, Surmeier DJ. Dendritic excitability of mouse frontal cortex pyramidal neurons is shaped by the interaction among HCN, Kir2, and Kleak channels. J Neurosci 25: 8776-8787, 2005.
99. Deal KK, England SK, Tamkun MM. Molecular physiology of cardiac potassium channels. Physiol Rev 76: 49-67, 1996.
100. Debanne D, Gastrein P, Campanac E. Queer channels in hippocampal basket cells: h-current without sag. J Physiol 574: 2, 2006.
101. Decher N, Bundis F, Vajna R, Steinmeyer K. KCNE2 modulates current amplitudes and activation kinetics of HCN4: influence of KCNE family members on HCN4 currents. Pflügers Arch 446: 633-640, 2003.
102. Decher N, Chen J, Sanguinetti MC. Voltage-dependent gating of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels: molecular coupling between the S4-S5 and C-linkers. J Biol Chem 279: 13859-13865, 2004.
103. Dekin MS. Inward rectification and its effects on the repetitive firing properties of bulbospinal neurons located in the ventral part of the nucleus tractus solitarius. J Neurophysiol 70: 590-601, 1993.
104. Demir SS, Clark JW, Murphey CR, Giles WR. A mathematical model of a rabbit sinoatrial node cell. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 266: C832-C852, 1994.
105. Demontis GC, Cervetto L. Vision: how to catch fast signals with slow detectors. News Physiol Sci 17: 110-114, 2002.
106. Demontis GC, Longoni B, Barcaro U, Cervetto L. Properties and functional roles of hyperpolarization-gated currents in guinea-pig retinal rods. J Physiol 515: 813-828, 1999.
107. Deschenes M, Paradis M, Roy JP, Steriade M. Electrophysiology of neurons of lateral thalamic nuclei in cat: resting properties and burst discharges. J Neurophysiol 51: 1196-1219, 1984.
108. Dickson CT, Magistretti J, Shalinsky MH, Fransen E, Hasselmo ME, Alonso A. Properties and role of I(h) in the pacing of subthreshold oscillations in entorhinal cortex layer II neurons. J Neurophysiol 83: 2562-2579, 2000.
109. DiFrancesco D. Block and activation of the pace-maker channel in calf Purkinje fibres: effects of potassium, caesium and rubidium. J Physiol 329: 485-507, 1982.
110. DiFrancesco D. Characterization of single pacemaker channels in cardiac sino-atrial node cells. Nature 324: 470-473, 1986.
111. f) to generation of spontaneous activity in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol 434: 23-40, 1991.
112. DiFrancesco D. Dual allosteric modulation of pacemaker (f) channels by cAMP and voltage in rabbit SA node. J Physiol 515: 367-376, 1999.
113. DiFrancesco D. A new interpretation of the pace-maker current in calf Purkinje fibres. J Physiol 314: 359-376, 1981.
114. DiFrancesco D. Pacemaker mechanisms in cardiac tissue. Annu Rev Physiol 55: 455-472, 1993.
115. DiFrancesco D. Some properties of the UL-FS 49 block of the hyperpolarization-activated current [i(f)] in sino-atrial node myocytes. Pflügers Arch 427: 64-70, 1994.
116. DiFrancesco D. A study of the ionic nature of the pace-maker current in calf Purkinje fibres. J Physiol 314: 377-393, 1981.
117. DiFrancesco D, Ducouret P, Robinson RB. Muscarinic modulation of cardiac rate at low acetylcholine concentrations. Science 243: 669-671, 1989.
118. f) in cells isolated from the rabbit sino-atrial node. J Physiol 377: 61-88, 1986.
119. DiFrancesco D, Mangoni M. Modulation of single hyperpolarization-activated channels [i(f)] by cAMP in the rabbit sino-atrial node. J Physiol 474: 473-482, 1994.
120. DiFrancesco D, Noble D. A model of cardiac electrical activity incorporating ionic pumps and concentration changes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 307: 353-398, 1985.
121. f) in the rabbit sino-atrial node and in canine Purkinje fibres by 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine. Pflügers Arch 417: 611-615, 1991.
122. DiFrancesco D, Tortora P. Direct activation of cardiac pacemaker channels by intracellular cyclic AMP. Nature 351: 145-147, 1991.
123. f) induced by acetylcholine in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol 405: 477-491, 1988.
124. f) in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol 405: 493-510, 1988.
125. Doan TN, Kunze DL. Contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated current to the resting membrane potential of rat nodose sensory neurons. J Physiol 514: 125-138, 1999.
126. Dobrzynski H, Nikolski VP, Sambelashvili AT, Greener ID, Yamamoto M, Boyett MR, Efimov IR. Site of origin and molecular substrate of atrioventricular junctional rhythm in the rabbit heart. Circ Res 93: 1102-1110, 2003.
127. Doesch AO, Celik S, Ehlermann P, Frankenstein L, Zehelein J, Koch A, Katus HA, Dengler TJ. Heart rate reduction after heart transplantation with beta-blocker versus the selective If channel antagonist ivabradine. Transplantation 84: 988-996, 2007.
128. Dossi RC, Nunez A, Steriade M. Electrophysiology of a slow (0.5-4 Hz) intrinsic oscillation of cat thalamocortical neurones in vivo. J Physiol 447: 215-234, 1992.
129. + conduction and selectivity. Science 280: 69-77, 1998.
130. Dyer AR, Persky V, Stamler J, Paul O, Shekelle RB, Berkson DM, Lepper M, Schoenberger JA, Lindberg HA. Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 112: 736-749, 1980.
131. Edman A, Gestrelius S, Grampp W. Current activation by membrane hyperpolarization in the slowly adapting lobster stretch receptor neurone. J Physiol 384: 671-690, 1987.
132. Edman A, Grampp W. Ion permeation through hyperpolarization- activated membrane channels (Q-channels) in the lobster stretch receptor neurone. Pflügers Arch 413: 249-255, 1989.
133. Elinder F, Mannikko R, Pandey S, Larsson HP. Mode shifts in the voltage gating of the mouse and human HCN2 and HCN4 channels. J Physiol 575: 417-431, 2006.
134. El-Kholy W, MacDonald PE, Fox JM, Bhattacharjee A, Xue T, Gao X, Zhang Y, Stieber J, Li RA, Tsushima RG, Wheeler MB. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in pancreatic beta-cells. Mol Endocrinol 21: 753-764, 2007.
135. Er F, Larbig R, Ludwig A, Biel M, Hofmann F, Beuckelmann DJ, Hoppe UC. Dominant-negative suppression of HCN channels markedly reduces the native pacemaker current I(f) and undermines spontaneous beating of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Circulation 107: 485-489, 2003.
136. Erickson KR, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Electrophysiology of guinea-pig supraoptic neurones: role of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current in phasic firing. J Physiol 460: 407-425, 1993.
137. Fain GL, Quandt FN, Bastian BL, Gerschenfeld HM. Contribution of a caesium-sensitive conductance increase to the rod photoresponse. Nature 272: 466-469, 1978.
138. Fares N, Bois P, Lenfant J, Potreau D. Characterization of a hyperpolarization-activated current in dedifferentiated adult rat ventricular cells in primary culture. J Physiol 506: 73-82, 1998.
139. Fernandez-Velasco M, Goren N, Benito G, Blanco-Rivero J, Bosca L, Delgado C. Regional distribution of hyperpolarization-activated current (If) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel mRNA expression in ventricular cells from control and hypertrophied rat hearts. J Physiol 553: 395-405, 2003.
140. Fisahn A, Yamada M, Duttaroy A, Gan JW, Deng CX, McBain CJ, Wess J. Muscarinic induction of hippocampal gamma oscillations requires coupling of the M1 receptor to two mixed cation currents. Neuron 33: 615-624, 2002.
141. Fletcher GH, Chiappinelli VA. An inward rectifier is present in presynaptic nerve terminals in the chick ciliary ganglion. Brain Res 575: 103-112, 1992.
142. Flynn GE, Black KD, Islas LD, Sankaran B, Zagotta WN. Structure and rearrangements in the carboxy-terminal region of SpIH channels. Structure 15: 671-682, 2007.
143. 2. J Neurosci 27: 2802-2814, 2007.
144. Frace AM, Maruoka F, Noma A. Control of the hyperpolarization- activated cation current by external anions in rabbit sino-atrial node cells. J Physiol 453: 307-318, 1992.
145. + conductance of the hyperpolarization-activated current in rabbit cardiac pacemaker cells. Pflügers Arch 421: 97-99, 1992.
146. Frere SG, Kuisle M, Luthi A. Regulation of recombinant and native hyperpolarization-activated cation channels. Mol Neurobiol 30: 279-305, 2004.
147. Frere SG, Luthi A. Pacemaker channels in mouse thalamocortical neurones are regulated by distinct pathways of cAMP synthesis. J Physiol 554: 111-125, 2004.
148. Fuentealba P, Timofeev I, Steriade M. Prolonged hyperpolarizing potentials precede spindle oscillations in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 9816-9821, 2004.
149. Galindo BE, Neill AT, Vacquier VD. A new hyperpolarization- activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel from sea urchin sperm flagella. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334: 96-101, 2005.
150. Gamper N, Shapiro MS. Regulation of ion transport proteins by membrane phosphoinositides. Nat Rev Neurosci 8: 921-934, 2007.
151. h: intracellular studies in rat facial motoneurons. Synapse 13: 123-134, 1993.
152. Gauss R, Seifert R. Pacemaker oscillations in heart and brain: a key role for hyperpolarization-activated cation channels. Chronobiol Int 17: 453-469, 2000.
153. Gauss R, Seifert R, Kaupp UB. Molecular identification of a hyperpolarization-activated channel in sea urchin sperm. Nature 393: 583-587, 1998.
154. Gill CH, Randall A, Bates SA, Hill K, Owen D, Larkman PM, Cairns W, Yusaf SP, Murdock PR, Strijbos PJ, Powell AJ, Benham CD, Davies CH. Characterization of the human HCN1 channel and its inhibition by capsazepine. Br J Pharmacol 143: 411-421, 2004.
155. Gillies MJ, Traub RD, LeBeau FE, Davies CH, Gloveli T, Buhl EH, Whittington MA. A model of atropine-resistant theta oscillations in rat hippocampal area CA1. J Physiol 543: 779-793, 2002.
156. h-channel are generated by different splicing. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 505-514, 2005.
157. Gisselmann G, Marx T, Bobkov Y, Wetzel CH, Neuhaus EM, Ache BW, Hatt H. Molecular and functional characterization of an I(h)-channel from lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Eur J Neurosci 21: 1635-1647, 2005.
158. h-channels from Apis mellifera. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33: 1123-1134, 2003.
159. h-channel splice variants from Apis mellifera. FEBS Lett 575: 99-104, 2004.
160. Golding NL, Mickus TJ, Katz Y, Kath WL, Spruston N. Factors mediating powerful voltage attenuation along CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites. J Physiol 568: 69-82, 2005.
161. Gravante B, Barbuti A, Milanesi R, Zappi I, Viscomi C, Di-Francesco D. Interaction of the pacemaker channel HCN1 with filamin A. J Biol Chem 279: 43847-43853, 2004.
162. Gray CM, Singer W. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 1698-1702, 1989.
163. Green ME, Edwards G, Kirkup AJ, Miller M, Weston AH. Pharmacological characterization of the inwardly-rectifying current in the smooth muscle cells of the rat bladder. Br J Pharmacol 119: 1509-1518, 1996.
164. Greenwood IA, Prestwich SA. Characteristics of hyperpolarization-activated cation currents in portal vein smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282: C744-C753, 2002.
165. Guillery RW, Sherman SM. Thalamic relay functions and their role in corticocortical communication: generalizations from the visual system. Neuron 33: 163-175, 2002.
166. h to feature selectivity in layer II stellate cells of the entorhinal cortex. J Comput Neurosci 22: 161-171, 2007.
167. 2+ of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current in rabbit single sinoatrial node cells. J Physiol 409: 121-141, 1989.
168. Hagiwara N, Irisawa H, Kameyama M. Contribution of two types of calcium currents to the pacemaker potentials of rabbit sinoatrial node cells. J Physiol 395: 233-253, 1988.
169. Halliwell JV, Adams PR. Voltage-clamp analysis of muscarinic excitation in hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 250: 71-92, 1982.
170. Hardel N, Harmel N, Zolles G, Fakler B, Klocker N. Recycling endosomes supply cardiac pacemaker channels for regulated surface expression. Cardiovasc Res 79: 52-60, 2008.
171. Harzheim D, Pfeiffer KH, Fabritz L, Kremmer E, Buch T, Waisman A, Kirchhof P, Kaupp UB, Seifert R. Cardiac pacemaker function of HCN4 channels in mice is confined to embryonic development and requires cyclic AMP. EMBO J 27: 692-703, 2008.
172. Herrmann S, Stieber J, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. Temporally controlled deletion of the pacemaker channel HCN4 in the sinoatrial node. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 313, 2006.
173. Herrmann S, Stieber J, Ludwig A. Pathophysiology of HCN channels. Pflügers Arch 454: 517-522, 2007.
174. Herrmann S, Stieber J, Stockl G, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. HCN4 provides a "depolarization reserve" and is not required for heart rate acceleration in mice. EMBO J 26: 4423-4432, 2007.
175. Hestrin S. The properties and function of inward rectification in rod photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. J Physiol 390: 319-333, 1987.
176. Hill JA. Electrical remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy. Trends Cardiovasc Med 13: 316-322, 2003.
177. Hiramatsu M, Furukawa T, Sawanobori T, Hiraoka M. Ion channel remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy is prevented by blood pressure reduction without affecting heart weight increase in rats with abdominal aortic banding. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 39: 866-874, 2002.
178. Hirsch JC, Fourment A, Marc ME. Sleep-related variations of membrane potential in the lateral geniculate body relay neurons of the cat. Brain Res 259: 308-312, 1983.
179. Hisada T, Ordway RW, Kirber MT, Singer JJ, Walsh JV Jr. Hyperpolarization-activated cationic channels in smooth muscle cells are stretch sensitive. Pflügers Arch 417: 493-499, 1991.
180. + in rabbit isolated sinoatrial node cells. Pflügers Arch 426: 68-74, 1994.
181. + channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Nature 387: 869-875, 1997.
182. Hoppe UC, Jansen E, Sudkamp M, Beuckelmann DJ. Hyperpolarization-activated inward current in ventricular myocytes from normal and failing human hearts. Circulation 97: 55-65, 1998.
183. + channels. J Biol Chem 273: 23080-23085, 1998.
184. Hoshi T. Regulation of voltage dependence of the KAT1 channel by intracellular factors. J Gen Physiol 105: 309-328, 1995.
185. + current in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells. J Physiol 545: 783-805, 2002.
186. Huang CL, Feng S, Hilgemann DW. Direct activation of inward rectifier potassium channels by PIP2 and its stabilization by Gβγ. Nature 391: 803-806, 1998.
187. Hutcheon B, Miura RM, Puil E. Models of subthreshold membrane resonance in neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol 76: 698-714, 1996.
188. Hutcheon B, Miura RM, Puil E. Subthreshold membrane resonance in neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol 76: 683-697, 1996.
189. Hutcheon B, Yarom Y. Resonance, oscillation and the intrinsic frequency preferences of neurons. Trends Neurosci 23: 216-222, 2000.
190. h via adenylyl cyclase. Neuron 13: 179-186, 1994.
191. Ishii TM, Takano M, Ohmori H. Determinants of activation kinetics in mammalian hyperpolarization-activated cation channels. J Physiol 537: 93-100, 2001.
192. Ishii TM, Takano M, Xie LH, Noma A, Ohmori H. Molecular characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel in rabbit heart sinoatrial node. J Biol Chem 274: 12835-12839, 1999.
193. Ivanova E, Muller F. Retinal bipolar cell types differ in their inventory of ion channels. Vis Neurosci 23: 143-154, 2006.
194. Jackson HA, Marshall CR, Accili EA. Evolution and structural diversification of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotidegated channel genes. Physiol Gen 29: 231-245, 2007.
195. Jahnsen H, Llinas R. Electrophysiological properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones: an in vitro study. J Physiol 349: 205-226, 1984.
196. Jahnsen H, Llinas R. Ionic basis for the electro-responsiveness and oscillatory properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones in vitro. J Physiol 349: 227-247, 1984.
197. Jiang YQ, Sun Q, Tu HY, Wan Y. Characteristics of HCN channels and their participation in neuropathic pain. Neurochem Res 33: 1979-1989, 2008.
198. Johnson JP Jr, Zagotta WN. The carboxyl-terminal region of cyclic nucleotide-modulated channels is a gating ring, not a permeation path. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 2742-2747, 2005.
199. Johnston D, Hoffman DA, Colbert CM, Magee JC. Regulation of back-propagating action potentials in hippocampal neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9: 288-292, 1999.
200. Kamondi A, Reiner PB. Hyperpolarization-activated inward current in histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons of the rat hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 66: 1902-1911, 1991.
201. Kaupp UB, Seifert R. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Physiol Rev 82: 769-824, 2002.
202. Kaupp UB, Seifert R. Molecular diversity of pacemaker ion channels. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 235-257, 2001.
203. Kiehn O, Harris-Warrick RM. 5-HT modulation of hyperpolarization-activated inward current and calcium-dependent outward current in a crustacean motor neuron. J Neurophysiol 68: 496-508, 1992.
204. Kim U, Bal T, McCormick DA. Spindle waves are propagating synchronized oscillations in the ferret LGNd in vitro. J Neurophysiol 74: 1301-1323, 1995.
205. Kimura K, Kitano J, Nakajima Y, Nakanishi S. Hyperpolarization- activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated HCN2 cation channel forms a protein assembly with multiple neuronal scaffold proteins in distinct modes of protein-protein interaction. Genes Cells 9: 631-640, 2004.
206. Kitagawa J, Takeda M, Suzuki I, Kadoi J, Tsuboi Y, Honda K, Matsumoto S, Nakagawa H, Tanabe A, Iwata K. Mechanisms involved in modulation of trigeminal primary afferent activity in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy. Eur J Neurosci 24: 1976-1986, 2006.
207. h blockers have a potential of antiepileptic effects. Epilepsia 44: 20-24, 2003.
208. Knaus A, Zong X, Beetz N, Jahns R, Lohse MJ, Biel M, Hein L. Direct inhibition of cardiac hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels by clonidine. Circulation 115: 872-880, 2007.
209. Knop GC, Seeliger MW, Thiel F, Mataruga A, Kaupp UB, Friedburg C, Tanimoto N, Muller F. Light responses in the mouse retina are prolonged upon targeted deletion of the HCN1 channel gene. Eur J Neurosci 28: 2221-2230, 2008.
210. h channels in pyramidal neuron dendrites: properties, distribution, and impact on action potential output. J Neurosci 26: 1677-1687, 2006.
211. Krieger J, Strobel J, Vogl A, Hanke W, Breer H. Identification of a cyclic nucleotide- and voltage-activated ion channel from insect antennae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 29: 255-267, 1999.
212. Kuisle M, Wanaverbecq N, Brewster AL, Frere SG, Pinault D, Baram TZ, Luthi A. Functional stabilization of weakened thalamic pacemaker channel regulation in rat absence epilepsy. J Physiol 575: 83-100, 2006.
213. Kr drug response is modulated by KCR1 in transfected cardiac and noncardiac cell lines. FASEB J 17: 2263-2265, 2003.
214. Lakatta EG, Maltsev VA, Bogdanov KY, Stern MD, Vinogradova TM. Cyclic variation of intracellular calcium: a critical factor for cardiac pacemaker cell dominance. Circ Res 92: e45-50, 2003.
215. 2+ release. J Cardiac Surg 17: 451-461, 2002.
216. Larkman PM, Kelly JS. Ionic mechanisms mediating 5-hydroxytryptamine- and noradrenaline-evoked depolarization of adult rat facial motoneurones. J Physiol 456: 473-490, 1992.
217. H by 5-HT in neonatal rat motoneurones in vitro: mediation through a phosphorylation independent action of cAMP. Neuropharmacology 36: 721-733, 1997.
218. Larkman PM, Kelly JS, Takahashi T. Adenosine 3′: 5′-cyclic monophosphate mediates a 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced response in neonatal rat motoneurones. Pflügers Arch 430: 763-769, 1995.
219. Larson J, Lynch G. Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events. Science 232: 985-988, 1986.
220. Lee DH, Chang L, Sorkin LS, Chaplan SR. Hyperpolarization- activated, cation-nonselective, cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel blockade alleviates mechanical allodynia and suppresses ectopic discharge in spinal nerve ligated rats. J Pain 6: 417-424, 2005.
221. Leresche N, Jassik-Gerschenfeld D, Haby M, Soltesz I, Crunelli V. Pacemaker-like and other types of spontaneous membrane potential oscillations of thalamocortical cells. Neurosci Lett 113: 72-77, 1990.
222. Leresche N, Lightowler S, Soltesz I, Jassik-Gerschenfeld D, Crunelli V. Low-frequency oscillatory activities intrinsic to rat and cat thalamocortical cells. J Physiol 441: 155-174, 1991.
223. Li CH, Zhang Q, Teng B, Mustafa SJ, Huang JY, Yu HG. Src tyrosine kinase alters gating of hyperpolarization-activated HCN4 pacemaker channel through Tyr531. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C355-C362, 2008.
224. Long SB, Campbell EB, Mackinnon R. Voltage sensor of Kv1.2: structural basis of electromechanical coupling. Science 309: 903-908, 2005.
225. Lorincz A, Notomi T, Tamas G, Shigemoto R, Nusser Z. Polarized and compartment-dependent distribution of HCN1 in pyramidal cell dendrites. Nat Neurosci 5: 1185-1193, 2002.
226. Ludwig A, Budde T, Stieber J, Moosmang S, Wahl C, Holthoff K, Langebartels A, Wotjak C, Munsch T, Zong X, Feil S, Feil R, Lancel M, Chien KR, Konnerth A, Pape HC, Biel M, Hofmann F. Absence epilepsy and sinus dysrhythmia in mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN2. EMBO J 22: 216-224, 2003.
227. Ludwig A, Zong X, Jeglitsch M, Hofmann F, Biel M. A family of hyperpolarization-activated mammalian cation channels. Nature 393: 587-591, 1998.
228. Ludwig A, Zong X, Stieber J, Hullin R, Hofmann F, Biel M. Two pacemaker channels from human heart with profoundly different activation kinetics. EMBO J 18: 2323-2329, 1999.
229. Luo X, Lin H, Pan Z, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Yang B, Wang Z. Down-regulation of miR-1/miR-133 contributes to re-expression of pacemaker channel genes HCN2 and HCN4 in hypertrophic heart. J Biol Chem 283: 20045-20052, 2008.
230. Lupica CR, Bell JA, Hoffman AF, Watson PL. Contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h)) to membrane potential and GABA release in hippocampal interneurons. J Neurophysiol 86: 261-268, 2001.
231. 2+-induced stimulation of cAMP production. Nat Neurosci 2: 634-641, 1999.
232. h. Neuron 20: 553-563, 1998.
233. Lyashchenko AK, Redd KJ, Yang J, Tibbs GR. Propofol inhibits HCN1 pacemaker channels by selective association with the closed states of the membrane embedded channel core. J Physiol 583: 37-56, 2007.
234. Maccaferri G, Mangoni M, Lazzari A, DiFrancesco D. Properties of the hyperpolarization-activated current in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. J Neurophysiol 69: 2129-2136, 1993.
235. h) and its contribution to pacemaker activity in rat CA1 hippocampal stratum oriens-alveus interneurones. J Physiol 497: 119-130, 1996.
236. Macri V, Accili EA. Structural elements of instantaneous and slow gating in hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. J Biol Chem 279: 16832-16846, 2004.
237. Macri V, Proenza C, Agranovich E, Angoli D, Accili EA. Separable gating mechanisms in a Mammalian pacemaker channel. J Biol Chem 277: 35939-35946, 2002.
238. Maekawa K, Purpura DP. Intracellular study of lemniscal and non-specific synaptic interactions in thalamic ventrobasal neurons. Brain Res 4: 308-323, 1967.
239. Magee JC. Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 18: 7613-7624, 1998.
240. h normalizes temporal summation in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Nat Neurosci 2: 848, 1999.
241. Magee JC. Dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic input. Nat Rev Neurosci 1: 181-190, 2000.
242. Magee JC, Cook EP. Somatic EPSP amplitude is independent of synapse location in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Nat Neurosci 3: 895-903, 2000.
243. Mangoni ME, Couette B, Marger L, Bourinet E, Striessnig J, Nargeot J. Voltage-dependent calcium channels and cardiac pacemaker activity: from ionic currents to genes. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 90: 38-63, 2006.
244. Mangoni ME, Nargeot J. Genesis and regulation of the heart automaticity. Physiol Rev 88: 919-982, 2008.
245. Männikkö R, Elinder F, Larsson HP. Voltage-sensing mechanism is conserved among ion channels gated by opposite voltages. Nature 419: 837-841, 2002.
246. Männikkö R, Pandey S, Larsson HP, Elinder F. Hysteresis in the voltage dependence of HCN channels: conversion between two modes affects pacemaker properties. J Gen Physiol 125: 305-326, 2005.
247. Mao BQ, MacLeish PR, Victor JD. Role of hyperpolarization- activated currents for the intrinsic dynamics of isolated retinal neurons. Biophys J 84: 2756-2767, 2003.
248. Maricq AV, Korenbrot JI. Inward rectification in the inner segment of single retinal cone photoreceptors. J Neurophysiol 64: 1917-1928, 1990.
249. Marionneau C, Couette B, Liu J, Li H, Mangoni ME, Nargeot J, Lei M, Escande D, Demolombe S. Specific pattern of ionic channel gene expression associated with pacemaker activity in the mouse heart. J Physiol 562: 223-234, 2005.
250. Maruoka F, Nakashima Y, Takano M, Ono K, Noma A. Cation-dependent gating of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current in the rabbit sino-atrial node cells. J Physiol 477: 423-435, 1994.
251. Marx T, Gisselmann G, Stortkuhl KF, Hovemann BT, Hatt H. Molecular cloning of a putative voltage- and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel present in the antennae and eyes of Drosophila melanogaster. Invert Neurosci 4: 55-63, 1999.
252. + channels. J Neurophysiol 72: 349-359, 1994.
253. Mayer ML, Westbrook GL. A voltage-clamp analysis of inward (anomalous) rectification in mouse spinal sensory ganglion neurones. J Physiol 340: 19-45, 1983.
254. McCloskey KD, Toland HM, Hollywood MA, Thornbury KD, McHale NG. Hyperpolarisation-activated inward current in isolated sheep mesenteric lymphatic smooth muscle. J Physiol 521: 201-211, 1999.
255. McCormick DA, Bal T. Sleep and arousal: thalamocortical mechanisms. Annu Rev Neurosci 20: 185-215, 1997.
256. McCormick DA, Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 815-846, 2001.
257. McCormick DA, Feeser HR. Functional implications of burst firing and single spike activity in lateral geniculate relay neurons. Neuroscience 39: 103-113, 1990.
258. McCormick DA, Huguenard JR. A model of the electrophysiological properties of thalamocortical relay neurons. J Neurophysiol 68: 1384-1400, 1992.
259. McCormick DA, Pape HC. Acetylcholine inhibits identified interneurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. Nature 334: 246-248, 1988.
260. McCormick DA, Pape HC. Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current in thalamic relay neurones. J Physiol 431: 319-342, 1990.
261. McCormick DA, Pape HC. Properties of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current and its role in rhythmic oscillation in thalamic relay neurones. J Physiol 431: 291-318, 1990.
262. McCormick DA, Williamson A. Modulation of neuronal firing mode in cat and guinea pig LGNd by histamine: possible cellular mechanisms of histaminergic control of arousal. J Neurosci 11: 3188-3199, 1991.
263. h channels. Science 295: 143-147, 2002.
264. h in rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci 7: 462-469, 1995.
265. Mery A, Aimond F, Menard C, Mikoshiba K, Michalak M, Puceat M. Initiation of embryonic cardiac pacemaker activity by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent calcium signaling. Mol Biol Cell 16: 2414-2423, 2005.
266. Meuth SG, Kanyshkova T, Meuth P, Landgraf P, Munsch T, Ludwig A, Hofmann F, Pape HC, Budde T. Membrane resting potential of thalamocortical relay neurons is shaped by the interaction among TASK3 and HCN2 channels. J Neurophysiol 96: 1517-1529, 2006.
267. f to cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 111: 399-404, 2005.
268. Michels G, Er F, Khan IF, Endres-Becker J, Brandt MC, Gassanov N, Johns DC, Hoppe UC. K channel regulator KCR1 suppresses heart rhythm by modulating the pacemaker current I(f). PLoS ONE 3: e1511, 2008.
269. Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, DiFrancesco D. Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel. N Engl J Med 354: 151-157, 2006.
270. Milligan CJ, Edwards IJ, Deuchars J. HCN1 ion channel immunoreactivity in spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Brain Res 1081: 79-91, 2006.
271. Mistrik P, Mader R, Michalakis S, Weidinger M, Pfeifer A, Biel M. The murine HCN3 gene encodes a hyperpolarization-activated cation channel with slow kinetics and unique response to cyclic nucleotides. J Biol Chem 280: 27056-27061, 2005.
272. Mistrik P, Pfeifer A, Biel M. The enhancement of HCN channel instantaneous current facilitated by slow deactivation is regulated by intracellular chloride concentration. Pflügers Arch 452: 718-727, 2006.
273. Mitsuiye T, Shinagawa Y, Noma A. Sustained inward current during pacemaker depolarization in mammalian sinoatrial node cells. Circ Res 87: 88-91, 2000.
274. Monod J, Wyman J, Changeux JP. On the nature of allosteric transitions: a plausible model. J Mol Biol 12: 88-118, 1965.
275. Moosmang S, Biel M, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. Differential distribution of four hyperpolarization-activated cation channels in mouse brain. Biol Chem 380: 975-980, 1999.
276. Moosmang S, Stieber J, Zong X, Biel M, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. Cellular expression and functional characterization of four hyperpolarization- activated pacemaker channels in cardiac and neuronal tissues. Eur J Biochem 268: 1646-1652, 2001.
277. Moroni A, Barbuti A, Altomare C, Viscomi C, Morgan J, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D. Kinetic and ionic properties of the human HCN2 pacemaker channel. Pflügers Arch 439: 618-626, 2000.
278. Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, Schneider A, Baumann L, Moosmang S, Ludwig A, Biel M. Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. J Biol Chem 278: 43781-43786, 2003.
279. Mulle C, Madariaga A, Deschenes M. Morphology and electrophysiological properties of reticularis thalami neurons in cat: in vivo study of a thalamic pacemaker. J Neurosci 6: 2134-2145, 1986.
280. Muller F, Scholten A, Ivanova E, Haverkamp S, Kremmer E, Kaupp UB. HCN channels are expressed differentially in retinal bipolar cells and concentrated at synaptic terminals. Eur J Neurosci 17: 2084-2096, 2003.
281. Munsch T, Pape HC. Modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current of rat thalamic relay neurones by intracellular pH. J Physiol 519: 493-504, 1999.
282. Munsch T, Pape HC. Upregulation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current in rat thalamic relay neurones by acetazolamide. J Physiol 519: 505-514, 1999.
283. Musialek P, Lei M, Brown HF, Paterson DJ, Casadei B. Nitric oxide can increase heart rate by stimulating the hyperpolarization-activated inward current, I(f). Circ Res 81: 60-68, 1997.
284. Muto T, Ueda N, Opthof T, Ohkusa T, Nagata K, Suzuki S, Tsuji Y, Horiba M, Lee JK, Honjo H, Kamiya K, Kodama I, Yasui K. Aldosterone modulates I(f) current through gene expression in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2710-H2718, 2007.
285. Nass RD, Aiba T, Tomaselli GF, Akar FG. Mechanisms of disease: ion channel remodeling in the failing ventricle. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 5: 196-207, 2008.
286. Nattel S, Khairy P, Schram G. Arrhythmogenic ionic remodeling: adaptive responses with maladaptive consequences. Trends Cardiovasc Med 11: 295-301, 2001.
287. Nazzari H, Angoli D, Chow SS, Whitaker G, Leclair L, Macdonald E, Macri V, Zahynacz K, Walker V, Accili EA. Regulation of cell surface expression of functional pacemaker channels by a motif in the B-helix of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295: C642-C652, 2008.
288. Nerbonne JM, Kass RS. Molecular physiology of cardiac repolarization. Physiol Rev 85: 1205-1253, 2005.
289. Nichols CG, Lopatin AN. Inward rectifier potassium channels. Annu Rev Physiol 59: 171-191, 1997.
290. Nof E, Luria D, Brass D, Marek D, Lahat H, Reznik-Wolf H, Pras E, Dascal N, Eldar M, Glikson M. Point mutation in the HCN4 cardiac ion channel pore affecting synthesis, trafficking, and functional expression is associated with familial asymptomatic sinus bradycardia. Circulation 116: 463-470, 2007.
291. Nolan MF, Dudman JT, Dodson PD, Santoro B. HCN1 channels control resting and active integrative properties of stellate cells from layer II of the entorhinal cortex. J Neurosci 27: 12440-12451, 2007.
292. Nolan MF, Malleret G, Dudman JT, Buhl DL, Santoro B, Gibbs E, Vronskaya S, Buzsaki G, Siegelbaum SA, Kandel ER, Morozov A. A behavioral role for dendritic integration: HCN1 channels constrain spatial memory and plasticity at inputs to distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Cell 119: 719-732, 2004.
293. Nolan MF, Malleret G, Lee KH, Gibbs E, Dudman JT, Santoro B, Yin D, Thompson RF, Siegelbaum SA, Kandel ER, Morozov A. The hyperpolarization- activated HCN1 channel is important for motor learning and neuronal integration by cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cell 115: 551-564, 2003.
294. Notomi T, Shigemoto R. Immunohistochemical localization of Ih channel subunits, HCN1-4, in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 471: 241-276, 2004.
295. Nunez A, Amzica F, Steriade M. Intrinsic and synaptically generated delta (1-4 Hz) rhythms in dorsal lateral geniculate neurons and their modulation by light-induced fast (30-70 Hz) events. Neuroscience 51: 269-284, 1992.
296. h) in smooth muscle cells from the circular layers of pregnant rat myometrium. Pflügers Arch 439: 76-85, 1999.
297. + channels by membrane lipids. Science 304: 265-270, 2004.
298. Ouyang Q, Goeritz M, Harris-Warrick RM. Panulirus interruptus Ih-channel gene PIIH: modification of channel properties by alternative splicing and role in rhythmic activity. J Neurophysiol 97: 3880-3892, 2007.
299. Pape HC. Adenosine promotes burst activity in guinea-pig geniculocortical neurones through two different ionic mechanisms. J Physiol 447: 729-753, 1992.
300. Pape HC. Queer current and pacemaker: the hyperpolarization- activated cation current in neurons. Annu Rev Physiol 58: 299-327, 1996.
301. Pape HC. Specific bradycardic agents block the hyperpolarization-activated cation current in central neurons. Neuroscience 59: 363-373, 1994.
302. Pape HC, Mager R. Nitric oxide controls oscillatory activity in thalamocortical neurons. Neuron 9: 441-448, 1992.
303. Pape HC, McCormick DA. Noradrenaline and serotonin selectively modulate thalamic burst firing by enhancing a hyperpolarization-activated cation current. Nature 340: 715-718, 1989.
304. Park KS, Yang JW, Seikel E, Trimmer JS. Potassium channel phosphorylation in excitable cells: providing dynamic functional variability to a diverse family of ion channels. Physiology 23: 49-57, 2008.
305. Petrecca K, Miller DM, Shrier A. Localization and enhanced current density of the Kv4.2 potassium channel by interaction with the actin-binding protein filamin. J Neurosci 20: 8736-8744, 2000.
306. Petsche H, Stumpf C, Gogolak G. The significance of the rabbit's septum as a relay station between the midbrain and the hippocampus. I. The control of hippocampus arousal activity by the septum cells. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 14: 202-211, 1962.
307. Pfeifer A, Ruth P, Dostmann W, Sausbier M, Klatt P, Hofmann F. Structure and function of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 135: 105-149, 1999.
308. 2. J Gen Physiol 128: 593-604, 2006.
309. Poolos NP. The Yin and Yang of the H-channel and its role in epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 4: 3-6, 2004.
310. Poolos NP, Bullis JB, Roth MK. Modulation of h-channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci 26: 7995-8003, 2006.
311. Poolos NP, Migliore M, Johnston D. Pharmacological upregulation of h-channels reduces the excitability of pyramidal neuron dendrites. Nat Neurosci 5: 767-774, 2002.
312. Proenza C, Angoli D, Agranovich E, Macri V, Accili EA. Pacemaker channels produce an instantaneous current. J Biol Chem 277: 5101-5109, 2002.
313. Proenza C, Tran N, Angoli D, Zahynacz K, Balcar P, Accili EA. Different roles for the cyclic nucleotide binding domain and amino terminus in assembly and expression of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. J Biol Chem 277: 29634-29642, 2002.
314. Prole DL, Yellen G. Reversal of HCN channel voltage dependence via bridging of the S4-S5 linker and Post-S6. J Gen Physiol 128: 273-282, 2006.
315. Prystowsky EN, Grant AO, Wallace AG, Strauss HC. An analysis of the effects of acetylcholine on conduction and refractoriness in the rabbit sinus node. Circ Res 44: 112-120, 1979.
316. Qu J, Barbuti A, Protas L, Santoro B, Cohen IS, Robinson RB. HCN2 overexpression in newborn and adult ventricular myocytes: distinct effects on gating and excitability. Circ Res 89: E8-14, 2001.
317. Qu J, Kryukova Y, Potapova IA, Doronin SV, Larsen M, Krishnamurthy G, Cohen IS, Robinson RB. MiRP1 modulates HCN2 channel expression and gating in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 279: 43497-43502, 2004.
318. Rainnie DG, Grunze HC, McCarley RW, Greene RW. Adenosine inhibition of mesopontine cholinergic neurons: implications for EEG arousal. Science 263: 689-692, 1994.
319. Ranjan R, Chiamvimonvat N, Thakor NV, Tomaselli GF, Marban E. Mechanism of anode break stimulation in the heart. Biophys J 74: 1850-1863, 1998.
320. h) in the mouse nucleus reticularis thalami. J Neurophysiol 95: 3073-3085, 2006.
321. Rehmann H, Wittinghofer A, Bos JL. Capturing cyclic nucleotides in action: snapshots from crystallographic studies. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 63-73, 2007.
322. Richichi C, Brewster AL, Bender RA, Simeone TA, Zha Q, Yin HZ, Weiss JH, Baram TZ. Mechanisms of seizure-induced "transcriptional channelopathy" of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. Neurobiol Dis 29: 297-305, 2008.
323. Rivera DM, Lowes BD. Molecular remodeling in the failing human heart. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2: 5-9, 2005.
324. Robinson RB, Siegelbaum SA. Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents: from molecules to physiological function. Annu Rev Physiol 65: 453-480, 2003.
325. f, in rat ventricle cells. Pflügers Arch 433: 533-535, 1997.
326. Rodrigues AR, Oertel D. Hyperpolarization-activated currents regulate excitability in stellate cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus. J Neurophysiol 95: 76-87, 2006.
327. Rotstein HG, Pervouchine DD, Acker CD, Gillies MJ, White JA, Buhl EH, Whittington MA, Kopell N. Slow and fast inhibition and an H-current interact to create a theta rhythm in a model of CA1 interneuron network. J Neurophysiol 94: 1509-1518, 2005.
328. Roy JP, Clercq M, Steriade M, Deschenes M. Electrophysiology of neurons of lateral thalamic nuclei in cat: mechanisms of long-lasting hyperpolarizations. J Neurophysiol 51: 1220-1235, 1984.
329. Sampson LJ, Leyland ML, Dart C. Direct interaction between the actin-binding protein filamin-A and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir2.1. J Biol Chem 278: 41988-41997, 2003.
330. Sanchez-Alonso JL, Halliwell JV, Colino A. ZD 7288 inhibits T-type calcium current in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells. Neurosci Lett 439: 275-280, 2008.
331. Santoro B, Chen S, Luthi A, Pavlidis P, Shumyatsky GP, Tibbs GR, Siegelbaum SA. Molecular and functional heterogeneity of hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels in the mouse CNS. J Neurosci 20: 5264-5275, 2000.
332. Santoro B, Grant SG, Bartsch D, Kandel ER. Interactive cloning with the SH3 domain of N-src identifies a new brain specific ion channel protein, with homology to eag and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 14815-14820, 1997.
333. Santoro B, Liu DT, Yao H, Bartsch D, Kandel ER, Siegelbaum SA, Tibbs GR. Identification of a gene encoding a hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channel of brain. Cell 93: 717-729, 1998.
334. Santoro B, Tibbs GR. The HCN gene family: molecular basis of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels. Ann NY Acad Sci 868: 741-764, 1999.
335. Santoro B, Wainger BJ, Siegelbaum SA. Regulation of HCN channel surface expression by a novel C-terminal protein-protein interaction. J Neurosci 24: 10750-10762, 2004.
336. Sartiani L, De Paoli P, Stillitano F, Aimond F, Vassort G, Mugelli A, Cerbai E. Functional remodeling in post-myocardial infarcted rats: focus on beta-adrenoceptor subtypes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 40: 258-266, 2006.
337. Schulz DJ, Temporal S, Barry DM, Garcia ML. Mechanisms of voltage-gated ion channel regulation: from gene expression to localization. Cell Mol Life Sci 65: 2215-2231, 2008.
338. Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, Kaupp UB, Breithardt G, Pongs O, Isbrandt D. Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease. J Clin Invest 111: 1537-1545, 2003.
339. LEAK between acutely isolated adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons of different size. J Neurophysiol 71: 271-279, 1994.
340. Seccareccia F, Pannozzo F, Dima F, Minoprio A, Menditto A, Lo Noce C, Giampaoli S. Heart rate as a predictor of mortality: the MATISS project. Am J Public Health 91: 1258-1263, 2001.
341. Seifert R, Scholten A, Gauss R, Mincheva A, Lichter P, Kaupp UB. Molecular characterization of a slowly gating human hyperpolarization-activated channel predominantly expressed in thalamus, heart, and testis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9391-9396, 1999.
342. Shah MM, Anderson AE, Leung V, Lin X, Johnston D. Seizure-induced plasticity of h channels in entorhinal cortical layer III pyramidal neurons. Neuron 44: 495-508, 2004.
343. +-conducting channel. Nature 440: 570-574, 2006.
344. Shi W, Wymore R, Yu H, Wu J, Wymore RT, Pan Z, Robinson RB, Dixon JE, McKinnon D, Cohen IS. Distribution and prevalence of hyperpolarization- activated cation channel (HCN) mRNA expression in cardiac tissues. Circ Res 85: e1-6, 1999.
345. f. Biophys J 78: e353A, 2000.
346. Shibata S, Ono K, Iijima T. Inhibition by genistein of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current in porcine sino-atrial node cells. Br J Pharmacol 128: 1284-1290, 1999.
347. Shin KS, Maertens C, Proenza C, Rothberg BS, Yellen G. Inactivation in HCN channels results from reclosure of the activation gate: desensitization to voltage. Neuron 41: 737-744, 2004.
348. Shin KS, Rothberg BS, Yellen G. Blocker state dependence and trapping in hyperpolarization-activated cation channels: evidence for an intracellular activation gate. J Gen Physiol 117: 91-101, 2001.
349. ATP channels. Science 282: 1138-1141, 1998.
350. Simeone TA, Rho JM, Baram TZ. Single channel properties of hyperpolarization-activated cation currents in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal neurones. J Physiol 568: 371-380, 2005.
351. Siu CW, Lieu DK, Li RA. HCN-encoded pacemaker channels: from physiology and biophysics to bioengineering. J Membr Biol 214: 115-122, 2006.
352. Smith MA, Ellis-Davies GC, Magee JC. Mechanism of the distance-dependent scaling of Schaffer collateral synapses in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Physiol 548: 245-258, 2003.
353. Snyders DJ, Van Bogaert PP. Alinidine modifies the pacemaker current in sheep Purkinje fibers. Pflügers Arch 410: 83-91, 1987.
354. Solomon JS, Nerbonne JM. Hyperpolarization-activated currents in isolated superior colliculus-projecting neurons from rat visual cortex. J Physiol 462: 393-420, 1993.
355. Soltesz I, Lightowler S, Leresche N, Jassik-Gerschenfeld D, Pollard CE, Crunelli V. Two inward currents and the transformation of low-frequency oscillations of rat and cat thalamocortical cells. J Physiol 441: 175-197, 1991.
356. Southan AP, Morris NP, Stephens GJ, Robertson B. Hyperpolarization-activated currents in presynaptic terminals of mouse cerebellar basket cells. J Physiol 526: 91-97, 2000.
357. Spain WJ, Schwindt PC, Crill WE. Anomalous rectification in neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex in vitro. J Neurophysiol 57: 1555-1576, 1987.
358. Steriade M. Grouping of brain rhythms in corticothalamic systems. Neuroscience 137: 1087-1106, 2006.
359. Steriade M. Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons. Trends Neurosci 28: 317-324, 2005.
360. Steriade M, Contreras D. Relations between cortical and thalamic cellular events during transition from sleep patterns to paroxysmal activity. J Neurosci 15: 623-642, 1995.
361. Steriade M, Contreras D, Amzica F. Synchronized sleep oscillations and their paroxysmal developments. Trends Neurosci 17: 199-208, 1994.
362. Steriade M, Contreras D, Curro Dossi R, Nunez A. The slow (<1 Hz) oscillation in reticular thalamic and thalamocortical neurons: scenario of sleep rhythm generation in interacting thalamic and neocortical networks. J Neurosci 13: 3284-3299, 1993.
363. Steriade M, Deschenes M. The thalamus as a neuronal oscillator. Brain Res 320: 1-63, 1984.
364. Steriade M, Deschenes M, Domich L, Mulle C. Abolition of spindle oscillations in thalamic neurons disconnected from nucleus reticularis thalami. J Neurophysiol 54: 1473-1497, 1985.
365. Steriade M, Domich L, Oakson G, Deschenes M. The deafferented reticular thalamic nucleus generates spindle rhythmicity. J Neurophysiol 57: 260-273, 1987.
366. Steriade M, Dossi RC, Nunez A. Network modulation of a slow intrinsic oscillation of cat thalamocortical neurons implicated in sleep delta waves: cortically induced synchronization and brainstem cholinergic suppression. J Neurosci 11: 3200-3217, 1991.
367. Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science 262: 679-685, 1993.
368. Steriade M, Timofeev I. Neuronal plasticity in thalamocortical networks during sleep and waking oscillations. Neuron 37: 563-576, 2003.
369. Stevens DR, Seifert R, Bufe B, Muller F, Kremmer E, Gauss R, Meyerhof W, Kaupp UB, Lindemann B. Hyperpolarization-activated channels HCN1 and HCN4 mediate responses to sour stimuli. Nature 413: 631-635, 2001.
370. Stieber J, Herrmann S, Feil S, Loster J, Feil R, Biel M, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. The hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN4 is required for the generation of pacemaker action potentials in the embryonic heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 15235-15240, 2003.
371. Stieber J, Hofmann F, Ludwig A. Pacemaker channels and sinus node arrhythmia. Trends Cardiovasc Med 14: 23-28, 2004.
372. Stieber J, Stockl G, Herrmann S, Hassfurth B, Hofmann F. Functional expression of the human HCN3 channel. J Biol Chem 280: 34635-34643, 2005.
373. Stieber J, Wieland K, Stockl G, Ludwig A, Hofmann F. Bradycardic and proarrhythmic properties of sinus node inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 69: 1328-1337, 2006.
374. Stilli D, Sgoifo A, Macchi E, Zaniboni M, De Iasio S, Cerbai E, Mugelli A, Lagrasta C, Olivetti G, Musso E. Myocardial remodeling and arrhythmogenesis in moderate cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280: H142-H150, 2001.
375. f) in normal and failing human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 45: 289-299, 2008.
376. h is associated with enhanced excitability and absence epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 19: 3048-3058, 2004.
377. Stuart G, Spruston N. Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites. J Neurosci 18: 3501-3510, 1998.
378. 2 is a necessary cofactor for ion channel function: how and why? Annu Rev Biophys 37: 175-195, 2008.
379. Sulfi S, Timmis AD. Ivabradine: the first selective sinus node I(f) channel inhibitor in the treatment of stable angina. Int J Clin Pract 60: 222-228, 2006.
380. Sun Q, Xing GG, Tu HY, Han JS, Wan Y. Inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated current by ZD7288 suppresses ectopic discharges of injured dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1032: 63-69, 2005.
381. h in rat CA1 pyramidal cells. Epilepsia 44: 150-156, 2003.
382. Swynghedauw B. Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling. Physiol Rev 79: 215-262, 1999.
383. Takahashi T. Inward rectification in neonatal rat spinal motoneurones. J Physiol 423: 47-62, 1990.
384. Takahashi T, Berger AJ. Direct excitation of rat spinal motoneurones by serotonin. J Physiol 423: 63-76, 1990.
385. Tanaka E, Higashi H, Nishi S. Membrane properties of guinea pig cingulate cortical neurons in vitro. J Neurophysiol 65: 808-821, 1991.
386. Taraska JW, Zagotta WN. Structural dynamics in the gating ring of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14: 854-860, 2007.
387. Taylor SS, Kim C, Vigil D, Haste NM, Yang J, Wu J, Anand GS. Dynamics of signaling by PKA. Biochim Biophys Acta 1754: 25-37, 2005.
388. Thollon C, Bedut S, Villeneuve N, Coge F, Piffard L, Guillaumin JP, Brunel-Jacquemin C, Chomarat P, Boutin JA, Peglion JL, Vilaine JP. Use-dependent inhibition of hHCN4 by ivabradine and relationship with reduction in pacemaker activity. Br J Pharmacol 150: 37-46, 2007.
389. Timofeev I, Contreras D, Steriade M. Synaptic responsiveness of cortical and thalamic neurones during various phases of slow sleep oscillation in cat. J Physiol 494: 265-278, 1996.
390. Tinel N, Diochot S, Borsotto M, Lazdunski M, Barhanin J. KCNE2 confers background current characteristics to the cardiac KCNQ1 potassium channel. EMBO J 19: 6326-6330, 2000.
391. Tokimasa T, Akasu T. Cyclic AMP regulates an inward rectifying sodium-potassium current in dissociated bull-frog sympathetic neurones. J Physiol 420: 409-429, 1990.
392. Tomaselli GF, Marban E. Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 42: 270-283, 1999.
393. KIR, in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons in vitro. J Neurophysiol 71: 1308-1317, 1994.
394. 2+ spikes in distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuron 56: 1076-1089, 2007.
395. Ueda K, Nakamura K, Hayashi T, Inagaki N, Takahashi M, Arimura T, Morita H, Higashiuesato Y, Hirano Y, Yasunami M, Takishita S, Yamashina A, Ohe T, Sunamori M, Hiraoka M, Kimura A. Functional characterization of a trafficking-defective HCN4 mutation, D553N, associated with cardiac arrhythmia. J Biol Chem 279: 27194-27198, 2004.
396. Ulens C, Siegelbaum SA. Regulation of hyperpolarization-activated HCN channels by cAMP through a gating switch in binding domain symmetry. Neuron 40: 959-970, 2003.
397. Ulens C, Tytgat J. Functional heteromerization of HCN1 and HCN2 pacemaker channels. J Biol Chem 276: 6069-6072, 2001.
398. Ulrich D. Dendritic resonance in rat neocortical pyramidal cells. J Neurophysiol 87: 2753-2759, 2002.
399. Vaca L, Stieber J, Zong X, Ludwig A, Hofmann F, Biel M. Mutations in the S4 domain of a pacemaker channel alter its voltage dependence. FEBS Lett 479: 35-40, 2000.
400. Vaccari T, Moroni A, Rocchi M, Gorza L, Bianchi ME, Beltrame M, DiFrancesco D. The human gene coding for HCN2, a pacemaker channel of the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta 1446: 419-425, 1999.
401. f) by cilobradine and zatebradine. Eur J Pharmacol 478: 161-171, 2003.
402. Van Ginneken AC, Giles W. Voltage clamp measurements of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current I(f) in single cells from rabbit sino-atrial node. J Physiol 434: 57-83, 1991.
403. h) in cultured rat olfactory receptor neurons. J Membr Biol 188: 115-125, 2002.
404. h by analgesic loperamide in rat DRG neurons. J Neurophysiol 97: 3713-3721, 2007.
405. Vemana S, Pandey S, Larsson HP. S4 movement in a mammalian HCN channel. J Gen Physiol 123: 21-32, 2004.
406. Vertes RP, Kocsis B. Brain stem-diencephalo-septohippocampal systems controlling the theta rhythm of the hippocampus. Neuroscience 81: 893-926, 1997.
407. Vijayraghavan S, Wang M, Birnbaum SG, Williams GV, Arnsten AF. Inverted-U dopamine D1-receptor actions on prefrontal neurons engaged in working memory. Nat Neurosci 10: 376-384, 2007.
408. 2+ store oscillations and spontaneous beating of cardiac pacemaker cells. Circ Res 98: 505-514, 2006.
409. Viscomi C, Altomare C, Bucchi A, Camatini E, Baruscotti M, Moroni A, DiFrancesco D. C terminus-mediated control of voltage and cAMP gating of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. J Biol Chem 276: 29930-29934, 2001.
410. Von Krosigk M, Bal T, McCormick DA. Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus. Science 261: 361-364, 1993.
411. Wahl-Schott C, Baumann L, Zong X, Biel M. An arginine residue in the pore region is a key determinant of chloride dependence in cardiac pacemaker channels. J Biol Chem 280: 13694-13700, 2005.
412. Wainger BJ, DeGennaro M, Santoro B, Siegelbaum SA, Tibbs GR. Molecular mechanism of cAMP modulation of HCN pacemaker channels. Nature 411: 805-810, 2001.
413. Wang J, Chen S, Nolan MF, Siegelbaum SA. Activity-dependent regulation of HCN pacemaker channels by cyclic AMP: signaling through dynamic allosteric coupling. Neuron 36: 451-461, 2002.
414. Wang J, Chen S, Siegelbaum SA. Regulation of hyperpolarization- activated HCN channel gating and cAMP modulation due to interactions of COOH terminus and core transmembrane regions. J Gen Physiol 118: 237-250, 2001.
415. Wang M, Ramos BP, Paspalas CD, Shu Y, Simen A, Duque A, Vijayraghavan S, Brennan A, Dudley A, Nou E, Mazer JA, McCormick DA, Arnsten AF. Alpha2A-adrenoceptors strengthen working memory networks by inhibiting cAMP-HCN channel signaling in prefrontal cortex. Cell 129: 397-410, 2007.
416. Wang WT, Wan YH, Zhu JL, Lei GS, Wang YY, Zhang P, Hu SJ. Theta-frequency membrane resonance and its ionic mechanisms in rat subicular pyramidal neurons. Neuroscience 140: 45-55, 2006.
417. Waxman SG. Transcriptional channelopathies: an emerging class of disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2: 652-659, 2001.
418. Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj S, Cummins TR, Black JA. Sodium channels and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7635-7639, 1999.
419. Weber IT, Gilliland GL, Harman JG, Peterkofsky A. Crystal structure of a cyclic AMP-independent mutant of catabolite gene activator protein. J Biol Chem 262: 5630-5636, 1987.
420. Whitaker GM, Angoli D, Nazzari H, Shigemoto R, Accili EA. HCN2 and HCN4 isoforms self-assemble and co-assemble with equal preference to form functional pacemaker channels. J Biol Chem 282: 22900-22909, 2007.
421. Wickman K, Nemec J, Gendler SJ, Clapham DE. Abnormal heart rate regulation in GIRK4 knockout mice. Neuron 20: 103-114, 1998.
422. Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS. Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376: 572-575, 1995.
423. Williams SR, Stuart GJ. Site independence of EPSP time course is mediated by dendritic I(h) in neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 83: 3177-3182, 2000.
424. h channels of rod photoreceptors in tiger salamanders. J Gen Physiol 100: 749-765, 1992.
425. Womble MD, Moises HC. Hyperpolarization-activated currents in neurons of the rat basolateral amygdala. J Neurophysiol 70: 2056-2065, 1993.
426. Wu JY, Cohen IS. Tyrosine kinase inhibition reduces i(f) in rabbit sinoatrial node myocytes. Pflügers Arch 434: 509-514, 1997.
427. Xiao J, Nguyen TV, Ngui K, Strijbos PJ, Selmer IS, Neylon CB, Furness JB. Molecular and functional analysis of hyperpolarisation-activated nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the enteric nervous system. Neuroscience 129: 603-614, 2004.
428. Xue T, Marban E, Li RA. Dominant-negative suppression of HCN1- and HCN2-encoded pacemaker currents by an engineered HCN1 construct: insights into structure-function relationships and multimerization. Circ Res 90: 1267-1273, 2002.
429. Yanagida H, Inoue R, Tanaka M, Ito Y. Temperature-sensitive gating of cation current in guinea pig ileal muscle activated by hyperpolarization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278: C40-C48, 2000.
430. Yanagihara K, Irisawa H. Inward current activated during hyperpolarization in the rabbit sinoatrial node cell. Pflügers Arch 385: 11-19, 1980.
431. 2+ channels. Nature 366: 158-161, 1993.
432. Yao H, Donnelly DF, Ma C, LaMotte RH. Upregulation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current after chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. J Neurosci 23: 2069-2074, 2003.
433. Yao X, Kwan HY, Huang Y. Regulation of TRP channels by phosphorylation. Neurosignals 14: 273-280, 2005.
434. Yasui K, Liu W, Opthof T, Kada K, Lee JK, Kamiya K, Kodama I. I(f) current and spontaneous activity in mouse embryonic ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 88: 536-542, 2001.
435. Ying SW, Jia F, Abbas SY, Hofmann F, Ludwig A, Goldstein PA. Dendritic HCN2 channels constrain glutamate-driven excitability in reticular thalamic neurons. J Neurosci 27: 8719-8732, 2007.
436. Yu FH, Catterall WA. The VGL-chanome: a protein superfamily specialized for electrical signaling and ionic homeostasis. Sci STKE 2004: re15, 2004.
437. Yu FH, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Gutman GA, Catterall WA. Overview of molecular relationships in the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily. Pharmacol Rev 57: 387-395, 2005.
438. Yu H, Wu J, Potapova I, Wymore RT, Holmes B, Zuckerman J, Pan Z, Wang H, Shi W, Robinson RB, El-Maghrabi MR, Benjamin W, Dixon J, McKinnon D, Cohen IS, Wymore R. MinK-related peptide 1: a beta subunit for the HCN ion channel subunit family enhances expression and speeds activation. Circ Res 88: E84-87, 2001.
439. Yu HG, Lu Z, Pan Z, Cohen IS. Tyrosine kinase inhibition differentially regulates heterologously expressed HCN channels. Pflügers Arch 447: 392-400, 2004.
440. Yu X, Chen XW, Zhou P, Yao L, Liu T, Zhang B, Li Y, Zheng H, Zheng LH, Zhang CX, Bruce I, Ge JB, Wang SQ, Hu ZA, Yu HG, Zhou Z. Calcium influx through If channels in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292: C1147-C1155, 2007.
441. Yu X, Duan KL, Shang CF, Yu HG, Zhou Z. Calcium influx through hyperpolarization-activated cation channels [I(h) channels] contributes to activity-evoked neuronal secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 1051-1056, 2004.
442. Zagotta WN. Membrane biology: permutations of permeability. Nature 440: 427-429, 2006.
443. Zagotta WN, Olivier NB, Black KD, Young EC, Olson R, Gouaux E. Structural basis for modulation and agonist specificity of HCN pacemaker channels. Nature 425: 200-205, 2003.
444. Zerial M, McBride H. Rab proteins as membrane organizers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2: 107-117, 2001.
445. Zhang M, Jiang M, Tseng GN. minK-related peptide 1 associates with Kv4.2 and modulates its gating function: potential role as beta subunit of cardiac transient outward channel? Circ Res 88: 1012-1019, 2001.
446. Zhou L, Siegelbaum SA. Gating of HCN channels by cyclic nucleotides: residue contacts that underlie ligand binding, selectivity, and efficacy. Structure 15: 655-670, 2007.
447. Zhou L, Siegelbaum SA. Pathway and endpoint free energy calculations for cyclic nucleotide binding in HCN channel. Biophys J 94: 90-92, 2008.
448. + channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution. Nature 414: 43-48, 2001.
449. Zolles G, Klocker N, Wenzel D, Weisser-Thomas J, Fleischmann BK, Roeper J, Fakler B. Pacemaking by HCN channels requires interaction with phosphoinositides. Neuron 52: 1027-1036, 2006.
450. Zong X, Eckert C, Yuan H, Wahl-Schott C, Abicht H, Fang L, Li R, Mistrik P, Gerstner A, Much B, Baumann L, Michalakis S, Zeng R, Chen Z, Biel M. A novel mechanism of modulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by Src kinase. J Biol Chem 280: 34224-34232, 2005.
451. Zong X, Stieber J, Ludwig A, Hofmann F, Biel M. A single histidine residue determines the pH sensitivity of the pacemaker channel HCN2. J Biol Chem 276: 6313-6319, 2001.
452. f in left human atrium: a potential contributor to atrial ectopy. Cardiovasc Res 64: 250-259, 2004.