Purine ionotropic (P2X) receptors

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 13, Issue 23, 2007, Pages 2368-2384

  Koles L ^a,b   Furst S ^b   Illés, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^b SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

P2X receptor; Pathophysiology; Pharmacotherapy; Purinergic

Indexed keywords

1 [N,O BIS(5 ISOQUINOLINESULFONYL) N METHYLTYROSYL] 4 PHENYLPIPERAZINE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; A 317491; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ALCOHOL; AMYLOID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PURINE ANTAGONIST; PURINE P2X RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINE P2X1 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINE P2X2 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X3 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINE P2X4 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X5 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X6 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X7 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2X7 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINE P2X7 RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; PURINE P2Y1 RECEPTOR; PURINE P2Y12 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; RO 116 6446; SURAMIN; TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BLADDER DISEASE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONOTROPISM; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY; EPILEPSY; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; INOTROPISM; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LUNG EDEMA; MALE INFERTILITY; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NONHUMAN; OLIGOSPERMIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOGENESIS; THROMBOSIS; URINARY URGENCY;

ALCOHOLISM; ANIMALS; BONE AND BONES; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; FEVER; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; INFECTION; LIGANDS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NEOPLASMS; PAIN; PURINES; RECEPTORS, PURINERGIC P2; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; SENSE ORGANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THROMBOSIS; UROGENITAL SYSTEM;

EID: 34548230005     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161207781368747     Document Type: Review

References (241)

1. Drury AN, Szent-Györgyi A. The physiological activity of adenine compounds with special reference to their action upon the mammalian heart. J Physiol (London) 1929; 68: 213-37.
2. Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147: S172-81.
3. Illes P, Ribeiro JA. Molecular physiology of P2 receptors in the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 483: 5-17.
4. Bodin P, Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling: ATP release. Neurochem Res 2001; 26: 959-69.
5. Burnstock G. Cotransmission. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2004; 4: 47-52.
6. Burnstock G. Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 58-86.
7. Franke H, Illes P. Involvement of P2 receptors in the growth and survival of neurons in the CNS. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 109: 297-324.
8. Koles L, Furst S, Illes P. P2X and P2Y receptors as possible targets of therapeutic manipulations in CNS illnesses. Drug News Perspect 2005; 18: 85-101.
9. Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev 1998; 50: 413-92.
10. North RA. Molecular physiology of P2X receptors. Physiol Rev 2002; 82: 1013-67.
11. Zimmermann H. Extracellular metabolism of ATP and other nucleotides. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 2000; 362: 299-309.
12. Fujii S, Kato H, Kuroda Y. Cooperativity between extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in long-term potentiation induction in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Neuroscience 2002; 113: 617-28.
13. 3 receptors by ectoprotein kinase C. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 7734-42.
14. Werner P, Seward EP, Buell GN, North RA. Domains of P2X receptors involved in desensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 15485-90
15. Royle SJ, Bobanovic. LK, Murrell-Lagnado RD. Identification of a non-canonical tyrosine-based endocytic motif in an ionotropic receptor. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 35378-85.
16. Boue-Grabot E, Barajas-Lopez C, Chakfe Y, Blais D, Belanger D, Emerit MB, et al. Intracellular cross talk and physical interaction between two classes of neurotransmitter-gated channels. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 1246-53.
17. Koshizimu TA, Kretschmannova K, He ML, Ueno S, Tanoue A, Yanagihara N, et al. Carboxy-terminal splicing enhances physical interactions between the cytoplasmic tails of purinergic P2X receptors Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69: 1588-98.
18. 2+ sensing modulatory sites. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 53109-15.
19. Vial C, Roberts JA, Evans RJ. Molecular properties of ATP-gated P2X receptor ion channels. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004; 25: 487-93.
20. Zemkova H, He ML, Koshimizu TA, Stojilkovic SS. Identification of ectodomain regions contributing to gating, deactivation and resensitization of purinergic P2X receptors. J Neurosci 2004, 24: 6968-78.
21. Norenberg W, Illes P. Neuronal P2X receptors; localisation and functional properties. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2000; 362: 324-39.
22. Roberts JA, Vial C, Digby HR, Agboh KC, Wen H, Atterbury-Thomas A, et al. Molecular properties of P2X receptors. Pflugers Arch 2006; 452: 486-500.
23. Evans RJ, Lewis C, Virginio C, Lundstrom K, Buell G, Surprenant A, et al. Ionic permeability of, and divalent cation effects on, two ATP-gated cation channels (P2X receptors) expressed in mammalian cells. J Physiol 1996; 497: 413-22.
24. 7). Science 1996; 272: 735-8.
25. Khakh BS, Zhou X, Sydes J, Galligan JJ, Lester HA. State-dependent cross-inhibition between transmitter-gated cation channels. Nature 2000; 406: 405-10.
26. A and cationic P2X ionotropic receptors of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neurosci 2001; 21: 4958-68.
27. 3 and P2X channels in submucosal neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283: G1238-48.
28. Valera S, Hussy N, Evans RJ, Adami N, North RA, Surprenant A, et al. A new class of ligand-gated ion channel defined by P2X receptor for extracellular ATP. Nature 1994; 371: 516-9.
29. 1 ion channel acts as a positive regulator of platelet responses to collagen. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 1264-71
30. 1 cation channel in thrombosis of small arteries in vivo. J Exp Med 2003; 198: 661-7
31. 1 receptor membrane redistribution and down-regulation visualized by using receptor-coupled green fluorescent protein chimeras. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 2054-66.
32. 1 receptors does not involve direct channel phosphorylation. Biochem J 2004; 382: 101-10.
33. Brake AJ, Wagenbach MJ, Julius D. New structural motif for ligand-gated ion channels defined by an ionotropic ATP receptor. Nature 1994; 371(6497): 519-23.
34. 3 receptor subunits can account for ATP-gated currents in sensory neurons. Nature 1995; 377: 432-5.
35. Virginio C, MacKenzie A, Rassendren FA, North RA, Surprenant A. Pore dilation of neuronal P2X receptor channels. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2: 315-21.
36. 2 receptor channel. J Physiol 2004; 558: 31-43.
37. 2 channel permeability dynamics. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 6118-29.
38. 2-green fluorescent protein receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 5288-93.
39. Chen CC, Akopian AN, Sivilotti L, Colquhoun D, Burnstock G, Wood JN. A P2X purinoceptor expressed by a subset of sensory neurons. Nature 1995; 77: 428-31.
40. Chizh BA, Illes P. P2X receptors and nociception. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53: 553-68.
41. 3 receptors. Nature 2000; 407: 1015-7.
42. 3-deficient mice. Nature 2000; 407: 1011-5.
43. 3 subunit. J Physiol 2003; 551: 309-22.
44. 3 subunit. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 21077-82
45. 3 receptors after substitution by Asp of Ser/Thr residues in protein kinase C phosphorylation sites of their ecto-domains. Neurosci Lett 2006; 393(1): 78-83.
46. 2 receptor subunit in mediating multiple sensory effects of ATP. J Physiol 2005; 567: 621-39.
47. 4 receptors studied with an ectodomain antibody. Cell Tissue Res 2003; 313: 159-65.
48. Rubio ME, Soto F. Distinct localization of P2X receptors at excitatory postsynaptic specializations. J Neurosci 2001; 21: 641-53.
49. 4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury. Nature 2003; 424: 778-83
50. 4 receptor channels. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 7289-99.
51. 4 receptors reveal a novel mechanism of ligand-gated channel facilitation by ivermectin. Mot Pharmacol 2006; 69(2): 576-87.
52. Zsembery A, Boyce AT, Liang L, Peti-Peterdi J, Bell PD, Schwiebert EM. Sustained calcium entry through P2X nucleotide receptor channels in human airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 13398-408.
53. Khakh BS, Bao XR, Labarca C, Lester HA. Neuronal P2X transmitter-gated cation channels change their ion selectivity in seconds. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2: 322-30.
54. 5 receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63: 1407-16.
55. 6 receptors by N-linked glycosylation: Identification of a novel αβ-methylene ATP-sensitive phenotype. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65: 979-85.
56. 6 in patients undergoing heart transplantation, interaction with TNFα and potential role in myocardial cell death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005; 39(6): 929-39.
57. Egan TM, Khakh BS. Contribution of calcium ions to P2X channel responses. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 3413-20.
58. 7 receptor function and immunoreactivity in neurons. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29: 257-62.
59. 7 receptor a key player in IL-1 processing and release. J Immunol 2006; 176: 3877-83.
60. z receptor of human macrophages. J Immunol 1997; 159: 1451-8.
61. Di Virgilio F, Chiozzi P, Falzoni S, Ferrari D, Sanz JM, Venketaraman V, et al. Cytolytic P2X purinoceptor. Cell Death Differ. 1998; 5(3):191-9.
62. White N, Burnstock G. P2 receptors and cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27: 211-7.
63. 7 receptor expression in rodent brain. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 6307-14.
64. 7 knockout-mice. FEBS Lett 2005; 579: 3783-8.
65. 7) receptors. Immunity 1997; 7: 433-44.
66. 7 receptor-deficient mice. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2003; 13: 243-53.
67. 7 nucleotide receptor reveals its regulatory roles in bone formation and resorption. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17: 1356-67.
68. 7 purinoceptor gene abolishes chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain 2005; 114: 386-96.
69. 7 nucleotide receptor mediates skeletal mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 42952-9.
70. Gever JR, Cockayne DA, Dillon W, Burnstock G, Ford AP. Pharmacology of P2X channels. Pflugers Arch 2006; 452(5): 513-37.
71. 3 antagonist P1, P5-di[inosine-5′] pentaphosphate binds to the desensitized state of the receptor in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315: 405-13.
72. Soto F, Lambrecht G, Nickel P, Stühmer W, Busch AE. Antagonistic properties of the suramin analogue NF023 at heterologously expressed P2X receptors. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 141-9.
73. 1 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 2044-53
74. 1 receptor antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39: 345-57
75. 1 receptors in human platelets with potency in the low nanomolar range. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005; 372: 1-13
76. 2/3 receptors, reduces chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 17179-84
77. 3 receptors: Subtype selectivity is determined by location of sulfonic acid groups. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69(6): 2058-67.
78. Ford AP, Gever JR, Nunn PA, Zhong Y, Cefalu JS, Dillon MP, et al. Purinoceptors as therapeutic targets for lower urinary tract dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147: S132-43.
79. King BF, Knowles ID, Burnstock G, Ramage AG. Investigation of the effects of P2 purinoceptor ligands on the micturition reflex in female urethane-anaesthetized rats. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142: 519-30.
80. 7 receptor. J Med Chem 2003; 46: 1318-29.
81. 7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13: 4047-50.
82. Barraco RA, O'Leary DS, Ergene E, Scislo TJ. Activation of purinergic receptor subtypes in the nucleus tractus solitarius elicits specific regional vascular response pattern. J Auton Nerv Syst 1996; 59: 113-24.
83. Yao ST, Lawrence AJ. Purinergic modulation of cardiovascular function in the rat locus coenileus. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145: 342-52.
84. Xu J, Kussmaul W, Kurnik PB, Al-Ahdav M, Pelleg A, Electrophysiological anatomic correlates of ATP-triggered vagal reflex in the dog. V. Role of purinergic receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 288: R651-5.
85. 4 receptors in heart failure: Rescue of the calsequestrin overexpression model of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol 2004; 287: H1096-103.
86. Li J, Sinoway A, Gao Z, Maile M, Pu M, Sinoway L. Muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex responses after myocardial infarction in rats. Circulation 2004; 110: 3049-54.
87. Machida T, Heerdt PM, Reid AC, Schafer U, Silver RB, Broekman MJ, et al. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1/CD39, localized in neurons of human and porcine heart, modulates ATP-induced norepinephrine exocytosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313: 570-7.
88. Kunapuli SP, Daniel JL. P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. Biochem J 1998; 336: 513-23
89. 1 receptors and the endothelium. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100: 111-2.
90. Hollopeter G, Jantzen H-M, Vincent D, Li G, England L, Ramakrishnan V, et al. Identification of the platelet ADP receptor targeted by antithrombotic drugs. Nature 2001; 409: 202-7.
91. 1 receptor function in murine megakaryocytes and human platelets reveals synergy with P2Y receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135: 363-72.
92. Erhardt JA, Toomey JR, Douglas SA, Johns DG. P2X stimulation promotes thrombin receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 882-90.
93. Gachet C. Regulation of platelet functions by P2 receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 46: 277-300.
94. Thomas T, Ralevic V, Bardini M, Burnstock G, Spyer KM. Evidence for the involvement of purinergic signalling in the control of respiration. Neuroscience 2001; 107: 481-90.
95. 2 receptor subunit. J Physiol 2003; 552: 197-211.
96. Gourine AV, Llaudet E, Dale N, Spyer KM. ATP is a central mediator of chemosensory transduction in the central nervous system. Nature 2005; 436: 108-11.
97. 2 receptor subunit mediating ventilatory responses to hypoxia: Knockout mouse studies. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 11315-21.
98. Homolya L, Steinberg TH, Boucher RC. Cell to cell communication in response to mechanical stress via bilateral release of ATP and UTP in polarized epithelia. J Cell Biol 2000; 150: 1349-60.
99. Korngreen A, Ma W, Priel Z, Silberberg SD. Extracellular ATP directly gates a cation-selective channel in rabbit airway ciliated epithelial cells. J Physiol 1998; 508: 703-20.
100. Braunstein GM, Zsembery A, Tucker TA, Schwiebert EM. Purinergic signaling underlies CFTR control of human airway epithelial cell volume. J Cyst Fibros 2004; 3: 99-117.
101. Liang L, Zsembery A, Schwiebert EM. RNA interference targeted to multiple P2X receptor subtypes attenuates zinc-induced calcium entry. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289: C388-96.
102. Brouns I, Pintelon I, De Proost I, Alowaters R, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Neurochemical characterisation of sensory receptors in airway smooth muscle: Comparison with pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies. Histochem Cell Biol 2006; 125: 351-67.
103. Rich PB, Douillet CD, Mahler SA, Husain SA, Boucher RC. Adenosine triphosphate is released during injurious mechanical ventilation and contributes to lung edema. J Trauma 2003; 55: 290-7.
104. Ruan T, Lin YS, Lin KS, Kou YR. Sensory transduction of pulmonary reactive oxygen species by capsaicin-sensitive vagal lung afferent fibres in rats. J Physiol 2005; 565: 563-78.
105. Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in gut. In: Abbracchio MP, Williams M Ed. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, purinergic and pyrimidinergic signalling II cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, metabolic and gastrointestinal tract function. Berlin, Springer-Verlag 2001; 141-238.
106. Burnstock G. Purine-mediated signalling in pain and visceral perception. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001; 22: 182-8.
107. Burnstock G, Lavin S. Interstitial cells of Cajal and purinergic signaling. Autonom Neurosci 2002; 97: 68-72.
108. 2 subunits contribute to fast synaptic excitation in myenteric neurons of the mouse small intestine. J Physiol 2003; 552: 809-21.
109. Turner JT, Landon LA, Gibbons SJ, Talamo BR. Salivary gland P2 nucleotide receptors. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999; 10: 210-24.
110. Doctor RB, Matzakos T, McWilliams R, Johnson S, Feranchak AP, Fitz JG. Purinergic regulation of cholangiocyte secretion: Identification of a novel role for P2X receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 288: G779-86.
111. 3 is increased in human inflammatory bowel disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2001; 13: 365-9
112. 7, an ionotropic purinergic receptor, in rat gastrointestinal musculature. Cell Tissue Res 2003; 312: 149-54.
113. Wynn G, Bei M, Ruan HZ, Burnstock G. Purinergic component of mechanosensory transduction is increased in a rat model of colitis. Am J Physiol 2004; 287: G647-57.
114. Dang K, Bielfeldt K, Lamb K, Gebhart GF. Gastric ulcers evoke hyperexcitability and enhance P2X receptor function in rat gastric sensory neurons. J Neurophysiol 2005; 93: 3112-9.
115. 1 receptors in renal microvascular autoregulatory behavior. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 1895-905.
116. 2+ signaling attenuates P2X receptor-mediated vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles in angiotensm II hypertension. Hypertension 2005; 46(3): 562-8.
117. Nishiyama A, Rahman M, Inscho EW. Role of interstitial ATP and adenosine in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and microvascular function. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 791-804.
118. 7 receptor in diabetic and hypertensive rat models. Kidney Int 2004; 66: 157-66.
119. Solini A, Iacobini C, Ricci C, Chiozzi P, Amadio L, Pricci F, et al. Purinergic modulation of mesangial extracellular matrix production: Role in diabetic and other glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 785-95.
120. Schwiebert EM, Wallace DP, Braunstein GM, King SR, Peti-Peterdi J, Hanaoka K, et al. Autocrine extracellular purinergic signaling in epithelial cells derived from polycystic kidneys. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 282: F763-75.
121. Turner CM, Ramesh B, Srai SK, Burnstock G, Unwin RJ. Altered ATP-sensitive P2 receptor subtype expression in the Han:SPRD cy/+ rat, a model of autosomal. dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2004; 178: 168-79.
122. Lee HY, Bardini M, Burnstock G. Distribution of P2X receptors in the urinary bladder and the ureter of the rat J Urol 2000; 163: 2002-7.
123. Rapp DE, Lyon MB, Bales GT, Cook SP. A role for the P2X receptor in urinary tract physiology and in the pathophysiology of urinary dysfunction. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 303-8.
124. Yoshida M, Miyamae K, Iwashita H, Otani M, Inadome A. Management of detrusor dysfunction in the elderly: Changes in acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate release during aging. Urology 2004; 63: 17-23.
125. 3 knockout mice reveal a major sensory role for urothelially released ATP. J Neurosci 2001; 21: 5670-7.
126. Wang EC, Lee JM, Ruiz WG, Balestreire EM, von Bodungen M, Barrick S, et al. ATP and purinergic receptor-dependent membrane traffic in bladder umbrella cells. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 2412-22.
127. 2+ oscillations in primate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19: 2736-47.
128. Zemkova H, Balik A, Jiang Y, Kretschmannova K, Stojilkovic SS. Roles of purinergic P2X receptors as pacemaking channels and modulators of calcium-mobilizing pathway in pituitary gonadotrophs. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20(6): 1423-36.
129. 7 receptor activation. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73: 745-55.
130. 7 purinergic receptor on immune cells that invade the rat endometrium during oestrus. J Reprod Inummol 2005; 66(2): 127-40.
131. Gorodeski GI. Regulation of transcervical permeability by two distinct P2 purinergic receptor mechanisms. Am J Physiol 2002; 282: C75-83.
132. Ziganshin AU, Zaitzev AP, Zefirova JT, Ziganshina LE. P2 receptor-mediated responses in pregnant human uterus. Biomed Res 2003; 14: 171-3.
133. Zigansbin AU, Zaitcev AP, Khasanov AA, Shamsutdinov AF, Burnstock G. Term-dependency of P2 receptor-mediated contractile responses of isolated human pregnant uterus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 129(2): 128-34.
134. Foresta C, Rossato M, Nogara A, Gottardelo F, Bordoni P, Di Virgilio F. Role of P2-purinergic receptors in rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Biochem J 1996; 320: 499-504.
135. Poletto Chaves LA, Pontelli EP, Varanda WA. P2X receptors in mouse Leydig cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290: C1009-17.
136. Banks FC, Knight GE, Calvert RC, Turmaine M, Thompson CS, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Smooth muscle and purinergic contraction of the human, rabbit, rat, and mouse testicular capsule. Biol Reprod 2006; 74(3): 473-80.
137. 1 receptors. Nature 2000; 403: 86-9.
138. Dunn PM. Purinergic receptors and the male contraceptive pill. Curr Biol 2000; 10: R305-7.
139. 3 receptors in the developing rat brain. Neuroscience 1998; 87: 533-9
140. Cheung KK, Chan WY, Burnstock G. Expression of P2X purinoceptors during rat brain development and their inhibitory role on motor axon outgrowth in neural tube explant cultures. Neuroscience 2005; 133: 937-45.
141. 2/3 receptor expression in rat sympathetic ganglion neurons. Dev Dyn 2005; 234: 505-11.
142. 3 receptors in motoneurons of the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguits. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 22: 809-24
143. 6. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290: R1374-86.
144. Araya R, Riquelme MA, Brandan E, Saez JC. The formation of skeletal muscle myotubes requires functional membrane receptors activated by extracellular ATP. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2004; 47: 174-88.
145. Ryten M, Hoebertz A, Burnstock G. Sequential expression of three receptor subtypes for extracellular ATP in developing rat skeletal muscle. Dev Dyn 2001; 221: 331-41.
146. Hoebertz A, Arnett TR, Burnstock G. Regulation of bone resorption and formation by purines and pyrimidines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24: 290-7.
147. 7 receptor inhibits formation of multinucleated human osteoclasts in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2003; 73: 361-9.
148. 7 receptors to activate NF-κB in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 642-51.
149. 7 receptors. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 7574-80.
150. 7 receptor KN-62 antagonist are potent inducers of apoptosis of human primary osteoclasts. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12: 1013-20.
151. Vizi ES, Nitahara K, Sato K, Sperlagh B. Stimulation-dependent release, breakdown, and action of endogenous ATP in mouse hemidiaphragm preparation: The possible role of ATP in neuromuscular transmission. J Auton Nerv Syst 2000; 81: 278-84.
152. 4 receptor influences contractility of skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2005; 19: 1184-6
153. 7-like receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Brain Res 2005; 1034: 40-50.
154. Ryten M, Yang SY, Dunn PM, Goldspink G, Burnstock G. Purinoceptor expression in regenerating skeletal muscle in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy and in satellite cell cultures. Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J 2004; 18: 1404-6.
155. Yeung D, Zablocki K, Lien CF, Jiang T, Arkle S, Brutkowski W, et al. Increased susceptibility to ATP via alteration of P2X receptor function in dystrophic mdx mouse muscle cells. FASEB J 2006; 20: 610-20.
156. Abraham EH, Salikhova AY, Rapaport E. ATP in the treatment of advanced cancer. Curr Top Membr 2003; 54: 415-52.
157. 7 receptor expression in evolutive and indolent forms of chronic B lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2002; 99: 706-8
158. 7 receptor. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 17108-13
159. 7 receptor sustains the growth of human neuroblastoma cells through a substance P-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 907-14.
160. Elliott JI, Surprenant A, Marelli-Berg FM, Cooper JC, Cassady-Cain RL, Wooding C, et al. Membrane phosphatidylserine distribution as a non-apoptotic signalling mechanism in lymphocytes. Nat Cell Biol 2005; 7: 808-16.
161. 7 in the glandular epithelium. J Mol Histol 2005; 36(3): 159-65.
162. Koshlukova SE, Lloyd TL, Araujo MW, Edgerton M. Salivary histatin 5 induces non-lytic release of ATP from Candida albicans leading to cell death. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 18872-9.
163. 7R-dependent phospholipase D activation. Immunity 2003; 19: 403-12.
164. Sommer JA, Fisette PL, Hu Y, Denlinger LC, Guerra AN, Bertics PJ, et al. Purinergic receptor modulation of LPS-stimulated signaling events and nitric oxide release in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Endotoxin Res 1999; 5: 70-4.
165. Punj V, Zaborina O, Dhiman N, Falzari K, Bagdasarian M, Chakrabarty AM. Phagocytic cell killing mediated by secreted cytotoxic factors of Vibrio cholerae. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 4930-7.
166. Agboh KC, Webb TE, Evans RJ, Ennion SJ. Functional characterization of a P2X receptor from Schistosoma mansoni. J. Biol Chem 2004; 279: 41650-7.
167. Gourine AV, Poputnikov DM, Zhernosek N, Melenchuk EV, Gerstberger R, Spyer KM, et al. P2 receptor blockade attenuates fever and cytokine responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146: 139-45.
168. Coutinho-Silva R, Knight GE, Burnstock G. Impairment of the splenic
169. Granstein RD, Ding W, Huang J, Holzer A, Gallo RL, Di Nardo A, et al. Augmentation of cutaneous immune responses by ATPγS: purinergic agonists define a novel class of immunologic adjuvants. J Immunol 2005; 174: 7725-31.
170. 7 receptor currents in Müller glial cells during proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Investig Ophthalmol Via Sci 2001; 42: 860-7.
171. 7-induced pore formation and apoptosis: An early effect of diabetes on the retinal microvasculature. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 1026-32.
172. 7 receptor-mRNA and -protein in the mouse retina; changes during retinal degeneration in BALBCrds mice. Neurochem Int 2005; 47: 235-42.
173. 2+ and kills retinal ganglion cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 2183-91.
174. Pintor J, Peral A. Therapeutic potential of nucleotides in the eye. Drug Dev Res 2001; 52: 190-5.
175. 2 receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the rat retina. J Comp Neurol 2006; 496: 595-609.
176. 2 receptor subunit of the ATP-gated ion channel in the cochlea: Implications for sound transduction and auditory neurotransmission. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 8377-88.
177. 2 receptor subunit of ATP-gated ion channels in the rat cochlea. Neuroreport 2003; 14: 817-23.
178. Sugahara K, Shimogori H, Okuda T, Takemoto T, Hashimoto M, Yamashita H. Cochlear administration of adenosine triphosphate facilitates recovery from acoustic trauma (temporary threshold shift). ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2004; 66: 80-4.
179. Gayle S, Burnstock G. Immunolocalisation of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors in the rat nasal mucosa. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 319: 27-36
180. Hegg CC, Greenwood D, Huang W, Han P, Lucero MT. Activation of purinergic receptor subtypes modulates odor sensitivity. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 8291-301.
181. Finger TE, Danilova V, Barrows J, Bartel DL, Vigers AJ, Stone L, et al. ATP signaling is crucial for communication from taste buds to gustatory nerves. Science 2005; 310: 1495-9.
182. Gerevich Z, Borvendeg SJ, Schroder W, Franke H, Wirkner K, Norenberg W, et al. Inhibition of N-type voltage-activated calcium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by P2Y receptors is a possible mechanism of ADP-induced analgesia. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 797-807.
183. Gu JG, MacDermott AB. Activation of ATP P2X receptors elicits glutamate release from sensory neuron synapses. Nature 1997; 389: 749-53.
184. 3 receptor subunit in rat sensory neurons reveals a significant role in chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 8139-47.
185. 3 antisense oligonucleotide treatment in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in rats. Pain 2002; 99: 11-9.
186. Dorn G, Patel S, Wotherspoon G, Hemmings-Mieszczak M, Barclay J, Natt FJC, et al. siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32: E49.
187. 3 receptor-channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 521: 34-8.
188. Seino D, Tokunaga A, Tachibana T, Yoshiya S, Dai Y, Obata K, et al. The role of ERK signaling and the P2X receptor on mechanical pain evoked by movement of inflamed knee joint. Pain 2006; 123(1-2): 193-203.
189. Chen Y, Li GW, Wang C, Gu Y, Huang LY. Mechanisms underlying enhanced P2X receptor-mediated responses in the neuropathic pain state. Pain 2005; 119: 38-48.
190. Chizhmakov I, Yudin Y, Mamenko N, Prudnikov I, Tamarova Z, Krishtal O. Opioids inhibit purinergic nociceptors in the sensory neurons and fibres of rat via a G protein-dependent mechanism. Neuropharmacology 2005; 48: 639-47.
191. Park HC, Seong J, An JH, Kim J, Kim UJ, Lee BW. Alteration of cancer pain-related signals by radiation: Proteomic analysis in an animal model with cancer bone invasion. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61: 1523-34.
192. 7 receptors in non-neuronal cells of rat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res 2005; 1052: 63-70.
193. Rathbone MP, Middlemiss PJ, Gysbers JW, Andrew C, Herman MA, Reed JK, et al. Trophic effects of purines in neurons and glial cells. Prog Neurobiol 1999; 59: 663-90.
194. Field RD, Stevens B. ATP: An extracellular signaling molecule between neurons and glia. Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 625-33.
195. Volonte C, Amadio S, Cavaliere F, D'Ambrosi N, Vacca F, Bernardi G. Extracellular ATP and neurodegeneration. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2003; 2: 403-12.
196. Neary JT, Rathbone MP, Cattabeni F, Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G. Trophic actions of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides on glial and neuronal cells. Trends Neurosci 1996; 19: 13-8.
197. Cavaliere F, D'Ambrosi N, Ciotti MT, Mancino G, Sancesario G, Bernardi G, et al. Glucose deprivation and chemical hypoxia neuroprotection by P2 receptor antagonists. Neurochem Int 2001; 8: 189-97.
198. Amadio S, D'Ambrosi N, Cavaliere F, Murra B, Sancesario G, Bernardi G, et al. P2 receptor modulation and cytotoxic function in cultured CNS neurons. Neuropharmacology 2002; 42: 489-501.
199. 2+ mobilization and functional responses in microglia: Effects of low levels of ATP. J Neurosci Res 2005; 81: 349-56.
200. Kucher BM, Neary JT. Bi-functional effects of ATP/P2 receptor activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. J Neurochem 2005; 92: 525-35.
201. 7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 1320-8
202. 7 nucleotide receptor activation enhances IFNγ-induced type II nitric oxide synthase activity in BV-2 microglial cells. J Neurochem 2003; 87: 344-52.
203. Kharlamov A, Jones SC, Kim DK. Suramin reduces infarct volume in a model of focal brain ischemia in rats. Exp Brain Res 2002; 47: 353-9.
204. Ryu JK, Kim J, Choi SH, Oh YJ, Lee YB, Kim SU, et al. ATP-induced in vivo neurotoxicity in the rat striatum via P2 receptors. Neuroreport 2002; 13: 1611-5.
205. Volonte C, Ciotti MT, D'Ambrosi N, Lockhart B, Spedding M. Neuroprotective effects of modulators of P2 receptors in primary culture of CNS neurones. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 1335-42.
206. Franke H, Krügel U, Illes P. P2 receptor-mediated proliferative effects on astrocytes in vivo. Glia 1999; 28: 190-200.
207. Kügel U, Kittner H, Franke H, Illes P. Accelerated functional recovery after neuronal injury by P2 receptor blockade. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 420: R3-4.
208. 7 receptor inhibition improves recovery after spinal cord injury. Nat Med 2004; 10(8): 821-7.
209. Runden-Pran E, Tanso R, Haug FM, Ottersen OP, Ring A. Neuroprotective effects of inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, P2X receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade: A quantitative analysis in organotypical hippocampal slice cultures subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Neuroscience 2005; 136: 795-810.
210. 7 receptors in ischemic and excitotoxic brain injury in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003; 23: 381-4.
211. Wirkner K, Kofalvi A, Fischer W, Gunther A, Franke H, Groger-Arndt H, et al. Supersensitivity of P2X receptors in cerebrocortical cell cultures after in vitro ischemia. J Neurochem 2005; 95: 1421-37
212. 7 receptor modulation of beta-amyloid- and LPS-induced cytokine secretion from human macrophages and microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 147: 56-61.
213. 7 mediates superoxide production in primary microglia and is up-regulated in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 13309-17.
214. Exley C, Korchazhkina OV. Promotion of formation of amyloid fibrils by aluminium adenosine triphosphate (A1ATP). J Inorg Biocheim 2001; 84: 215-24.
215. Haughey NJ, Mattson MP. Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide enhances ATP/ gap junction-mediated calcium-wave propagation in astrocytes. Neuromol Med 2003; 3: 173-80.
216. 1 immunofluorescence in rat neostriatal medium-spiny projection neurones and cholinergic interneurones is not linked to respective purinergic receptor function. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143: 119-31.
217. Wang Y, Chang CF, Morales M, Chiang YH, Harvey BK, Su TP, et al., Diadenosine tetraphosphate protects against injuries induced by ischemia and 6-hydroxydopamine in rat brain. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 7958-65.
218. 4 receptor(+) macrophages in rat CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2005; 134: 199-205.
219. -/- mice: Evidence for loss of apoptotic activity in lymphocytes. J Immunol 2006; 176: 3115-26.
220. Bianco F, Fumagalli M, Pravettoni E, D'Ambrosi N, Volonte C, Matteoli M, et al. Pathophysiological roles of extracellular nucleotides in glial cells: Differential expression of purinergic receptors in resting and activated microglia. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005; 48: 144-56.
221. Knutsen J, Murray TF. Adenosine and ATP in epilepsy. In: Jacobson KA, Jarvis MF Eds. Purinergic approaches in experimental therapeutics. Wiley-Liss Inc. 1997; 42347.
222. 7 receptor expression in the gerbil hippocampus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2004; 121: 12-8.
223. 7 receptors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in the rat hippocampus. J Neurochem 2002; 81: 1196-211.
224. Vianna EP, Ferreira AT, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG, Sanabria ER, Funke M, Cavalheiro EA, et al. Evidence that ATP participates in the pathophysiology of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy: fluorimetric, immunohistochemical and western blot studies. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 227-9.
225. 7 receptor immunoreactive profile confined to resting and activated microglia in the epileptic brain. Brain Res 2006; 1099(1): 171-8.
226. Edwards FA, Gibb AJ, Colquhoun D. ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system. Nature 1992; 395: 144-7.
227. Evans RJ, Derkach V, Surprenant A. ATP mediates fast synaptic transmission in mammalian neurons. Nature 1992; 357: 503-5.
228. 7-like receptors depresses mossy fiber-CA3 synaptic transmisson through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 5938-45
229. 2A receptor activation and facilitation of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience 2003; 122: 111-21.
230. 1 receptors inhibit both strength and plasticity of glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission in the rat prefrontal cortex. Synapse 2005; 57: 235-8.
231. Pankratov YV, Lalo UV, Krishtal OA Role for P2X receptors in long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 8363-9.
232. Wang Y, Haughey NJ, Mattson MP, Furukawa K. Dual effects of ATP on rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroreport 2004; 15: 633-36.
233. Yamazaki Y. Kaneko K, Fujii S, Kato H, Ito K. Long-term potentiation and long-term depression induced by local application of ATP to hippocampal CA1 neurons of the guinea pig. Hippocampus 2003; 13: 81-92.
234. Weight FF, Li C, Peoples RW. Alcohol action on membrane ion channels gated by extracellular ATP (P2X receptors). Neurochem Int 1999; 35: 143-52.
235. Davies DL, Machu TK, Guo Y, Alkana, RL. Ethanol sensitivity in ATP-gated P2X receptors is subunit dependent Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 26: 773-8.
236. 3 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 409: R3-5
237. 4 receptors in cultured HEK293-hP2X3 cells and their inhibition by ethanol and trichloroethanol. J Neurochem 2003; 85: 779-90.
238. 4 receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Neuropharmacology 2005; 49: 243-53.
239. Oury C, Toth-Zsamboki E, Vermylen J, Hoylaerts MF. The platelet ATP and ADP receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12(7):859-75.
240. Storey RF. Biology and pharmacology of the platelet P2Y12 receptor. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12(10): 1255-9.
241. Watala, C. Blood platelet reactivity and its pharmacological modulation in (people with) diabetes mellitus. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11(18): 2331-65.