메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 357-369

Triterpenoids and rexinoids as multifunctional agents for the prevention and treatment of cancer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 CYANO 3,12 DIOXOOLEANA 1,9 DIEN 28 OIC ACID; 2 CYANO 3,12 DIOXOOLEANA 1,9 DIEN 28 OIC ACID IMIDAZOLE; 2 CYANO 3,12 DIOXOOLEANA 1,9 DIEN 28 OIC ACID METHYL ESTER; 6 [1 (5,6,7,8 TETRAHYDRO 3,5,5,8,8 PENTAMETHYL 2 NAPHTHYL)CYCLOPROPYL]NICOTINIC ACID; ALITRETINOIN; AMIDE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ARZOXIFENE; BEXAROTENE; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CISPLATIN; COLLAGENASE 3; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; GAMMA INTERFERON; IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE; NAVELBINE; OLEANOLIC ACID; PACLITAXEL; RETINOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TAMOXIFEN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRITERPENOID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; URSOLIC ACID; VTP 194204;

EID: 34247526984     PISSN: 1474175X     EISSN: 14741768     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrc2129     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (589)

References (170)
  • 1
    • 33749993417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers
    • Sjoblom, T. et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 314, 268-274 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 268-274
    • Sjoblom, T.1
  • 2
    • 32644463172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of mutator mutants during carcinogenesis
    • Venkatesan, R. N., Bielas, J. H. & Loeb, L. A. Generation of mutator mutants during carcinogenesis. DNA Repair (Amst.) 5, 294-302 (2006).
    • (2006) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.5 , pp. 294-302
    • Venkatesan, R.N.1    Bielas, J.H.2    Loeb, L.A.3
  • 4
    • 0023732557 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the tumor-promoting action of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate by some oleanane-type triterpenoid compounds
    • Nishino, H. et al. Inhibition of the tumor-promoting action of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate by some oleanane-type triterpenoid compounds. Cancer Res. 48, 5210-5215 (1988).
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 5210-5215
    • Nishino, H.1
  • 5
    • 0027982986 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid
    • Huang, M. T. et al. Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Cancer Res. 54, 701-708 (1994).
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 701-708
    • Huang, M.T.1
  • 6
    • 33744906765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological activities of natural triterpenoids and their therapeutic implications
    • Dzubak, P. et al. Pharmacological activities of natural triterpenoids and their therapeutic implications. Nature Prod. Rep. 23, 394-411 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Prod. Rep , vol.23 , pp. 394-411
    • Dzubak, P.1
  • 8
    • 0034025671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel synthetic oleanane and ursane triterpenoids with various enone functionalities in ring A as inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages
    • Honda, T. et al. Novel synthetic oleanane and ursane triterpenoids with various enone functionalities in ring A as inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. J. Med. Chem. 43, 1866-1877 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Med. Chem , vol.43 , pp. 1866-1877
    • Honda, T.1
  • 9
    • 0034597578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honda, T. et al. Synthetic oleanane and ursane triterpenoids with modified rings A and C: a series of highly active inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. J. Med. Chem. 43, 4233-4246 (2000). This is a key paper that describes the chemical synthesis of CDDO in great detail.
    • Honda, T. et al. Synthetic oleanane and ursane triterpenoids with modified rings A and C: a series of highly active inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. J. Med. Chem. 43, 4233-4246 (2000). This is a key paper that describes the chemical synthesis of CDDO in great detail.
  • 10
    • 0037041248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honda, T. et al. A novel dicyanotriterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-onitrile, active at picomolar concentrations for inhibition of nitric oxide production. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12, 1027-1030 (2002).
    • Honda, T. et al. A novel dicyanotriterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-onitrile, active at picomolar concentrations for inhibition of nitric oxide production. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12, 1027-1030 (2002).
  • 11
    • 0037180812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nathan, C. Points of control in inflammation. Nature 420, 846-852 (2002). An outstanding overview of the inflammatory process. This article is the introduction to an entire series of articles that describe the importance of the inflammatory process in many other diseases.
    • Nathan, C. Points of control in inflammation. Nature 420, 846-852 (2002). An outstanding overview of the inflammatory process. This article is the introduction to an entire series of articles that describe the importance of the inflammatory process in many other diseases.
  • 12
    • 0037180757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and cancer
    • Coussens, L. M. & Werb, Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420, 860-867 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 860-867
    • Coussens, L.M.1    Werb, Z.2
  • 13
    • 17644394616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease
    • Balkwill, F., Charles, K. A. & Mantovani, A. Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 7, 211-217 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Cell , vol.7 , pp. 211-217
    • Balkwill, F.1    Charles, K.A.2    Mantovani, A.3
  • 14
    • 33846531356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumor microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention
    • Albini, A. & Sporn, M. B. The tumor microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 139-147 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 139-147
    • Albini, A.1    Sporn, M.B.2
  • 15
    • 0032491276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and synthesis of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, a novel and highly active inhibitor of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages
    • Honda, T. et al. Design and synthesis of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, a novel and highly active inhibitor of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 2711-2714 (1998).
    • (1998) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.8 , pp. 2711-2714
    • Honda, T.1
  • 16
    • 17144439794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel triterpenoids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in mouse macrophages
    • Suh, N. et al. Novel triterpenoids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in mouse macrophages. Cancer Res. 58, 717-723 (1998).
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 717-723
    • Suh, N.1
  • 17
    • 0033555614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suh, N. et al. A novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, with potent differentiating, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory activity. Cancer Res. 59, 336-341 (1999). The first description of the importance of the biological activity of CDDO.
    • Suh, N. et al. A novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, with potent differentiating, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory activity. Cancer Res. 59, 336-341 (1999). The first description of the importance of the biological activity of CDDO.
  • 18
    • 0037444161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic triterpenoids enhance transforming growth factor β/smad signaling
    • Suh, N. et al. Synthetic triterpenoids enhance transforming growth factor β/smad signaling. Cancer Res. 63, 1371-1376 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Suh, N.1
  • 19
    • 12444337488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Imidazolide, inhibits inflammatory response and tumor growth in vivo
    • Place, A. E. et al. The novel synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Imidazolide, inhibits inflammatory response and tumor growth in vivo. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 2798-2806 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 2798-2806
    • Place, A.E.1
  • 20
    • 11144357610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor PS-341 and triterpenoid CDDO-Im induce synergistic anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity and overcome bortezomib resistance
    • Chauhan, D. et al. The bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor PS-341 and triterpenoid CDDO-Im induce synergistic anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity and overcome bortezomib resistance. Blood 103, 3158-3166 (2004).
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 3158-3166
    • Chauhan, D.1
  • 21
    • 20144383831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A. T. et al. Extremely potent triterpenoid inducers of the phase 2 response: correlations of protection against oxidant and inflammatory stress. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4584-4589 (2005). Shows for the first time the correlation of the antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of an entire series of triterpenoids.
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A. T. et al. Extremely potent triterpenoid inducers of the phase 2 response: correlations of protection against oxidant and inflammatory stress. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4584-4589 (2005). Shows for the first time the correlation of the antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of an entire series of triterpenoids.
  • 22
    • 17144423926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the reactivity of CDDO, a promising new chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent: Implications for a molecular mechanism of action
    • Couch, R. D. et al. Studies on the reactivity of CDDO, a promising new chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent: implications for a molecular mechanism of action. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 2215-2219 (2005).
    • (2005) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.15 , pp. 2215-2219
    • Couch, R.D.1
  • 23
    • 0035853101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potency of Michael reaction acceptors as inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogenesis depends on their reactivity with sulfhydryl groups
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Massiah, M. A., Bozak, R. E., Hicks, R. J. & Talalay, P. Potency of Michael reaction acceptors as inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogenesis depends on their reactivity with sulfhydryl groups. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3404-3409 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 3404-3409
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A.T.1    Massiah, M.A.2    Bozak, R.E.3    Hicks, R.J.4    Talalay, P.5
  • 24
    • 0038378322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of phase 2 gene regulation in protection against electrophile and reactive oxygen toxicity and carcinogenesis
    • Talalay, P., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T. & Holtzclaw, W. D. Importance of phase 2 gene regulation in protection against electrophile and reactive oxygen toxicity and carcinogenesis. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 43, 121-134 (2003).
    • (2003) Adv. Enzyme Regul , vol.43 , pp. 121-134
    • Talalay, P.1    Dinkova-Kostova, A.T.2    Holtzclaw, W.D.3
  • 25
    • 27844612530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2 as a target for cancer chemoprevention
    • Yu, X. & Kensler, T. Nrf2 as a target for cancer chemoprevention. Mutat. Res. 591, 93-102 (2005).
    • (2005) Mutat. Res , vol.591 , pp. 93-102
    • Yu, X.1    Kensler, T.2
  • 26
    • 33748052967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2-Keap1 regulation of cellular defense mechanisms against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species
    • Kobayashi, M. & Yamamoto, M. Nrf2-Keap1 regulation of cellular defense mechanisms against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 46, 113-140 (2006).
    • (2006) Adv. Enzyme Regul , vol.46 , pp. 113-140
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Yamamoto, M.2
  • 27
    • 3142570440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating Nrf2 activation in response to chemical stress
    • Nguyen, T., Yang, C. S. & Pickett, C. B. The pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating Nrf2 activation in response to chemical stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37, 433-441 (2004).
    • (2004) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.37 , pp. 433-441
    • Nguyen, T.1    Yang, C.S.2    Pickett, C.B.3
  • 28
    • 21144431523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic triterpenoids, CDDO and CDDO-imidazolide, are potent inducers of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2/ARE signaling
    • Liby, K. et al. The synthetic triterpenoids, CDDO and CDDO-imidazolide, are potent inducers of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2/ARE signaling. Cancer Res. 65, 4789-4798 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 4789-4798
    • Liby, K.1
  • 29
    • 0141507973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ by a novel synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells
    • Lapillonne, H. et al. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ by a novel synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 63, 5926-5939 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 5926-5939
    • Lapillonne, H.1
  • 30
    • 33644537902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yates, M. S. et al. Potent protection against aflatoxin-induced tumorigenesis through induction of Nrf2-regulated pathways by the triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole. Cancer Res. 66, 2488-2494 (2006). The first report of the use of an SO to prevent cancer.
    • Yates, M. S. et al. Potent protection against aflatoxin-induced tumorigenesis through induction of Nrf2-regulated pathways by the triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole. Cancer Res. 66, 2488-2494 (2006). The first report of the use of an SO to prevent cancer.
  • 31
    • 0035037586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis and differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells by a caspase-8 dependent mechanism
    • Ito, Y. et al. The novel triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis and differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells by a caspase-8 dependent mechanism. Mol. Pharmacol. 59, 1094-1099 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 1094-1099
    • Ito, Y.1
  • 32
    • 4444281592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of redox imbalance and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by the novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid
    • Ikeda, T. et al. Induction of redox imbalance and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by the novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid. Mol. Cancer Ther. 3, 39-45 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.3 , pp. 39-45
    • Ikeda, T.1
  • 33
    • 0141815939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid CDDO and its derivatives induce apoptosis by disruption of intracellular redox balance
    • Ikeda, T., Sporn, M., Honda, T., Gribble, G. W. & Kufe, D. The novel triterpenoid CDDO and its derivatives induce apoptosis by disruption of intracellular redox balance. Cancer Res. 63, 5551-5558 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 5551-5558
    • Ikeda, T.1    Sporn, M.2    Honda, T.3    Gribble, G.W.4    Kufe, D.5
  • 34
    • 27744464884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) directly targets mitochondrial glutathione to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
    • Samudio, I. et al. 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) directly targets mitochondrial glutathione to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 36273-36282 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 36273-36282
    • Samudio, I.1
  • 35
    • 27644477094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer chemoprevention: Scientific promise, clinical uncertainty
    • Sporn, M. B. & Liby, K. T. Cancer chemoprevention: scientific promise, clinical uncertainty. Nature Clin. Pract. Oncol. 2, 518-525 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Clin. Pract. Oncol , vol.2 , pp. 518-525
    • Sporn, M.B.1    Liby, K.T.2
  • 36
    • 21744445077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2, a multi-organ protector?
    • Lee, J. M. et al. Nrf2, a multi-organ protector? FASEB J. 19, 1061-1066 (2005).
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , pp. 1061-1066
    • Lee, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 0033777347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), is a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
    • Wang, Y. et al. A synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), is a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Mol. Endocrinol. 14, 1550-1556 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Endocrinol , vol.14 , pp. 1550-1556
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 38
    • 0036095959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me is a potent inducer of apoptosis and differentiation in acute myelogenous leukemia
    • Konopleva, M. et al. Novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me is a potent inducer of apoptosis and differentiation in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 99, 326-335 (2002).
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 326-335
    • Konopleva, M.1
  • 39
    • 18644375251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triterpenoid CDDO-Im downregulates PML/RARalpha expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
    • Ikeda, T. et al. Triterpenoid CDDO-Im downregulates PML/RARalpha expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell Death Differ. 12, 523-531 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ , vol.12 , pp. 523-531
    • Ikeda, T.1
  • 40
    • 33746038942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide induces monocytic differentiation by activating the Smad and ERK signaling pathways in HL60 leukemia cells
    • Ji, Y. et al. The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide induces monocytic differentiation by activating the Smad and ERK signaling pathways in HL60 leukemia cells. Mol. Cancer Ther. 5, 1452-1458 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.5 , pp. 1452-1458
    • Ji, Y.1
  • 41
    • 22344451742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid and related compounds inhibit growth of colon cancer cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent and-independent pathways
    • Chintharlapalli, S. et al. 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid and related compounds inhibit growth of colon cancer cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent and-independent pathways. Mol. Pharmacol. 68, 119-128 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 119-128
    • Chintharlapalli, S.1
  • 42
    • 0036049348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a novel synthetic triterpenoid, methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate, that potently induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells
    • Kim, K. B. et al. Identification of a novel synthetic triterpenoid, methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate, that potently induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther. 1, 177-184 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.1 , pp. 177-184
    • Kim, K.B.1
  • 43
    • 5644258322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 contributes to induction of apoptosis by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate in human lung cancer cells
    • Zou, W. et al. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 contributes to induction of apoptosis by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate in human lung cancer cells. Cancer Res. 64, 7570-7578 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7570-7578
    • Zou, W.1
  • 44
    • 33747882197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) induces apoptosis of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent pathway
    • Ray, D. M. et al. The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) induces apoptosis of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent pathway. Exp. Hematol. 34, 1202-1211 (2006).
    • (2006) Exp. Hematol , vol.34 , pp. 1202-1211
    • Ray, D.M.1
  • 45
    • 0037108441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis in refractory CLL B cells
    • Pedersen, I. M. et al. The triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis in refractory CLL B cells. Blood 100, 2965-2972 (2002).
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 2965-2972
    • Pedersen, I.M.1
  • 46
    • 1842425398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-inhibitory effect of a novel synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, on ovarian carcinoma cell lines not dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression
    • Melichar, B. et al. Growth-inhibitory effect of a novel synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid, on ovarian carcinoma cell lines not dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression. Gynecol. Oncol. 93, 149-154 (2004).
    • (2004) Gynecol. Oncol , vol.93 , pp. 149-154
    • Melichar, B.1
  • 47
    • 11144358280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific chemopreventive agents trigger proteasomal degradation of G1 cyclins: Implications for combination therapy
    • Dragnev, K. H. et al. Specific chemopreventive agents trigger proteasomal degradation of G1 cyclins: implications for combination therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 2570-2577 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.10 , pp. 2570-2577
    • Dragnev, K.H.1
  • 48
    • 33644979262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces growth arrest in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells
    • Konopleva, M. et al. Synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces growth arrest in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther. 5, 317-328 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.5 , pp. 317-328
    • Konopleva, M.1
  • 49
    • 33645693409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Me, inhibits IκBα kinase and enhances apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents through downregulation of expression of nuclear factor κB-regulated gene products in human leukemic cells
    • Shishodia, S., Sethi, G., Konopleva, M., Andreeff, M. & Aggarwal, B. B. A synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Me, inhibits IκBα kinase and enhances apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents through downregulation of expression of nuclear factor κB-regulated gene products in human leukemic cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 1828-1838 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 1828-1838
    • Shishodia, S.1    Sethi, G.2    Konopleva, M.3    Andreeff, M.4    Aggarwal, B.B.5
  • 50
    • 20144380655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced macrophage gene expression includes the p21 gene, a target for viral regulation
    • Vazquez, N. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced macrophage gene expression includes the p21 gene, a target for viral regulation. J. Virol. 79, 4479-4491 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Virol , vol.79 , pp. 4479-4491
    • Vazquez, N.1
  • 51
    • 0242643655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic triterpenoids activate a pathway for apoptosis in AML cells involving downregulation of FLIP and sensitization to TRAIL
    • Suh, W. S. et al. Synthetic triterpenoids activate a pathway for apoptosis in AML cells involving downregulation of FLIP and sensitization to TRAIL. Leukemia 17, 2122-2129 (2003).
    • (2003) Leukemia , vol.17 , pp. 2122-2129
    • Suh, W.S.1
  • 52
    • 23744501131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me suppresses MAPK pathways and promotes p38 activation in acute myeloid leukemia cells
    • Konopleva, M. et al. The novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me suppresses MAPK pathways and promotes p38 activation in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 19, 1350-1354 (2005).
    • (2005) Leukemia , vol.19 , pp. 1350-1354
    • Konopleva, M.1
  • 53
    • 33748146888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by beta-phenylethyl isothiocyanate
    • Trachootham, D. et al. Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by beta-phenylethyl isothiocyanate. Cancer Cell 10, 241-252 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Cell , vol.10 , pp. 241-252
    • Trachootham, D.1
  • 54
    • 33144466181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox modulation of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing and normal tissue toxicity
    • Doroshow, J. H. Redox modulation of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing and normal tissue toxicity. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 98, 223-225 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Natl Cancer Inst , vol.98 , pp. 223-225
    • Doroshow, J.H.1
  • 55
    • 33748165596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species in cancer cells: Live by the sword, die by the sword
    • Schumacker, P. T. Reactive oxygen species in cancer cells: live by the sword, die by the sword. Cancer Cell 10, 175-176 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Cell , vol.10 , pp. 175-176
    • Schumacker, P.T.1
  • 56
    • 0037053358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) potently enhances apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in human leukemia cells
    • Stadheim, T. A., Suh, N., Ganju, N., Sporn, M. B. & Eastman, A. The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) potently enhances apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in human leukemia cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 16448-16455 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 16448-16455
    • Stadheim, T.A.1    Suh, N.2    Ganju, N.3    Sporn, M.B.4    Eastman, A.5
  • 57
    • 0037151079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inducible pathway for degradation of FLIP protein sensitizes tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis
    • Kim, Y., Suh, N., Sporn, M. & Reed, J. C. An inducible pathway for degradation of FLIP protein sensitizes tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 22320-22329 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 22320-22329
    • Kim, Y.1    Suh, N.2    Sporn, M.3    Reed, J.C.4
  • 58
    • 21144438719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic triterpenoids cooperate with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells
    • Hyer, M. L. et al. Synthetic triterpenoids cooperate with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 65, 4799-4808 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 4799-4808
    • Hyer, M.L.1
  • 59
    • 3242735499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) induces apoptosis in Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome cells
    • Zhang, C., Ni, X., Konopleva, M., Andreeff, M. & Duvic, M. The novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) induces apoptosis in Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 123, 380-387 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.123 , pp. 380-387
    • Zhang, C.1    Ni, X.2    Konopleva, M.3    Andreeff, M.4    Duvic, M.5
  • 60
    • 33646771034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of intracellular glutathione contributes to JNK-mediated death receptor 5 upregulation and apoptosis induction by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me)
    • Yue, P., Zhou, Z., Khuri, F. R. & Sun, S. Y. Depletion of intracellular glutathione contributes to JNK-mediated death receptor 5 upregulation and apoptosis induction by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me). Cancer Biol. Ther. 5, 492-497 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Biol. Ther , vol.5 , pp. 492-497
    • Yue, P.1    Zhou, Z.2    Khuri, F.R.3    Sun, S.Y.4
  • 61
    • 0034077629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cells by a caspase-8-dependent mechanism
    • Ito, Y. et al. The novel triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cells by a caspase-8-dependent mechanism. Cell Growth Differ. 11, 261-267 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell Growth Differ , vol.11 , pp. 261-267
    • Ito, Y.1
  • 62
    • 7444241538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces caspase-dependent and-independent apoptosis in acute myelogenous leukemia
    • Konopleva, M. et al. The synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid induces caspase-dependent and-independent apoptosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res. 64, 7927-7935 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7927-7935
    • Konopleva, M.1
  • 63
    • 2342465492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDDO induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in lymphoid cells
    • Inoue, S., Snowden, R. T., Dyer, M. J. & Cohen, G. M. CDDO induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in lymphoid cells. Leukemia 18, 948-952 (2004).
    • (2004) Leukemia , vol.18 , pp. 948-952
    • Inoue, S.1    Snowden, R.T.2    Dyer, M.J.3    Cohen, G.M.4
  • 64
    • 33645108498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mechanism of action of methyl-2-cyano-3, 12 dioxoolean-1, 9 diene-28-oate: Direct permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane to inhibit electron transport and induce apoptosis
    • Samudio, I. et al. A novel mechanism of action of methyl-2-cyano-3, 12 dioxoolean-1, 9 diene-28-oate: direct permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane to inhibit electron transport and induce apoptosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 1182-1193 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.69 , pp. 1182-1193
    • Samudio, I.1
  • 65
    • 1642442530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence supporting a role for calcium in apoptosis induction by the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO)
    • Hail, N. Jr, Konopleva, M., Sporn, M., Lotan, R. & Andreeff, M. Evidence supporting a role for calcium in apoptosis induction by the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO). J. Biol. Chem. 279, 11179-11187 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem , vol.279 , pp. 11179-11187
    • Hail Jr, N.1    Konopleva, M.2    Sporn, M.3    Lotan, R.4    Andreeff, M.5
  • 66
    • 33750976014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liby, K. et al. The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Imidazolide suppresses STAT phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in myeloma and lung cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 4288-4293 (2006). Identifies STAT signaling as a crucial target for SO.
    • Liby, K. et al. The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Imidazolide suppresses STAT phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in myeloma and lung cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 4288-4293 (2006). Identifies STAT signaling as a crucial target for SO.
  • 67
    • 34047248012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Imidazolide blocks NF-κB activation through direct inhibition of IKK
    • Yore, M. M., Liby, K. T., Honda, T., Gribble, G. W. & Sporn, M. B. The synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Imidazolide blocks NF-κB activation through direct inhibition of IKK. Mol. Cancer Ther. 5, 3239 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.5 , pp. 3239
    • Yore, M.M.1    Liby, K.T.2    Honda, T.3    Gribble, G.W.4    Sporn, M.B.5
  • 68
    • 33845976705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triterpenoid CDDO-Me blocks the NF-κB pathway by direct inhibition of IKKβ on Cys-179
    • Ahmad, R., Raina, D., Meyer, C., Kharbanda, S. & Kufe, D. Triterpenoid CDDO-Me blocks the NF-κB pathway by direct inhibition of IKKβ on Cys-179. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 35764-35769 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 35764-35769
    • Ahmad, R.1    Raina, D.2    Meyer, C.3    Kharbanda, S.4    Kufe, D.5
  • 69
    • 2442561553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis as a novel target for cancer chemoprevention
    • Sun, S. Y., Hail, N. Jr. & Lotan, R. Apoptosis as a novel target for cancer chemoprevention. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 96, 662-672 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 662-672
    • Sun, S.Y.1    Hail Jr., N.2    Lotan, R.3
  • 70
    • 0038786580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis-targeted therapies for cancer
    • Reed, J. C. Apoptosis-targeted therapies for cancer. Cancer Cell 3, 17-22 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.3 , pp. 17-22
    • Reed, J.C.1
  • 71
    • 28844473846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion: Radical medicine: treating ageing to cure disease
    • Finkel, T. Opinion: radical medicine: treating ageing to cure disease. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 971-976 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 971-976
    • Finkel, T.1
  • 72
    • 34247527798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triterpenoid, CDDO-methyl ester, and the rexinoid, LG100268, synergize in the prevention of mammary tumors in a mouse model of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
    • Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Boston
    • Liby, K. et al. The triterpenoid, CDDO-methyl ester, and the rexinoid, LG100268, synergize in the prevention of mammary tumors in a mouse model of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Fifth Annual AACR International Conference: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research. 2006. Boston.
    • (2006) Fifth Annual AACR International Conference
    • Liby, K.1
  • 73
    • 33750826092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimmulappa, R. K. et al. Nrf2-dependent protection from LPS induced inflammatory response and mortality by CDDO-Imidazolide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351, 883-889 (2006). Shows the striking effects of SO in vivo for the suppression of inflammation.
    • Thimmulappa, R. K. et al. Nrf2-dependent protection from LPS induced inflammatory response and mortality by CDDO-Imidazolide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351, 883-889 (2006). Shows the striking effects of SO in vivo for the suppression of inflammation.
  • 74
    • 34047268764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic triterpenoids, CDDO-methyl ester and CDDO-ethyl amide, prevent lung cancer induced by vinyl carbamate in A/J mice
    • Liby, K. et al. The synthetic triterpenoids, CDDO-methyl ester and CDDO-ethyl amide, prevent lung cancer induced by vinyl carbamate in A/J mice. Cancer Res. 67, 2414-2419 (2007).
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 2414-2419
    • Liby, K.1
  • 75
    • 34247536330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RTA 402 (CDDO-Me) supresses tumor and treatment induced inflammation, sensitizing tumors to and protecting normal tissue from radiation
    • Meyer, C. et al. RTA 402 (CDDO-Me) supresses tumor and treatment induced inflammation, sensitizing tumors to and protecting normal tissue from radiation. Eur. J. Cancer Suppl. 4, 162 (2006).
    • (2006) Eur. J. Cancer Suppl , vol.4 , pp. 162
    • Meyer, C.1
  • 77
    • 28944446431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of PPARgamma
    • Lehrke, M. & Lazar, M. A. The many faces of PPARgamma. Cell 123, 993-999 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , pp. 993-999
    • Lehrke, M.1    Lazar, M.A.2
  • 78
    • 25844459154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB: Linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression
    • Karin, M. & Greten, F. R. NF-κB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression. Nature Rev. Immunol. 5, 749-759 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Rev. Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 749-759
    • Karin, M.1    Greten, F.R.2
  • 79
    • 26444605834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IKK/NF-κB signaling: Balancing life and death- a new approach to cancer therapy
    • Luo, J. L., Kamata, H. & Karin, M. IKK/NF-κB signaling: balancing life and death- a new approach to cancer therapy. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2625-2632 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2625-2632
    • Luo, J.L.1    Kamata, H.2    Karin, M.3
  • 80
    • 33745515023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour microenvironment: TGFβ: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer
    • Bierie, B. & Moses, H. L. Tumour microenvironment: TGFβ: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 506-520 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.6 , pp. 506-520
    • Bierie, B.1    Moses, H.L.2
  • 81
    • 24644441010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFβ signaling in T cells: Roles in lymphoid and epithelial neoplasia
    • Letterio, J. J. TGFβ signaling in T cells: roles in lymphoid and epithelial neoplasia. Oncogene 24, 5701-5712 (2005).
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 5701-5712
    • Letterio, J.J.1
  • 82
    • 20144372620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells
    • Barrios-Rodiles, M. et al. High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells. Science 307, 1621-1625 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1621-1625
    • Barrios-Rodiles, M.1
  • 83
    • 1642457200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mix, K. S. et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-independent repression of collagenase gene expression by 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid and prostaglandin 15-deoxy-δ(12, 14) J2: a role for Smad signaling. Mol. Pharmacol. 65, 309-318 (2004).
    • Mix, K. S. et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-independent repression of collagenase gene expression by 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid and prostaglandin 15-deoxy-δ(12, 14) J2: a role for Smad signaling. Mol. Pharmacol. 65, 309-318 (2004).
  • 84
    • 3242728823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel triterpenoid induces transforming growth factor β production by intraepithelial lymphocytes to prevent ileitis
    • Minns, L. A. et al. A novel triterpenoid induces transforming growth factor β production by intraepithelial lymphocytes to prevent ileitis. Gastroenterology 127, 119-126 (2004).
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 119-126
    • Minns, L.A.1
  • 85
    • 1042302005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The STATs of cancer - new molecular targets come of age
    • Yu, H. & Jove, R. The STATs of cancer - new molecular targets come of age. Nature Rev. Cancer 4, 97-105 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 97-105
    • Yu, H.1    Jove, R.2
  • 86
    • 19444385692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stat3 regulates genes common to both wound healing and cancer
    • Dauer, D. J. et al. Stat3 regulates genes common to both wound healing and cancer. Oncogene 24, 3397-3408 (2005).
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 3397-3408
    • Dauer, D.J.1
  • 87
    • 33645849231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of SOCS3 in T helper cells resulted in reduced immune responses and hyperproduction of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-β 1
    • Kinjyo, I. et al. Loss of SOCS3 in T helper cells resulted in reduced immune responses and hyperproduction of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-β 1. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1021-1031 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med , vol.203 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Kinjyo, I.1
  • 88
    • 33645101242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Couch, R. D. et al. 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-diene-28-oic acid disrupts microtubule polymerization: a possible mechanism contributing to apoptosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 1158-1165 (2006).
    • Couch, R. D. et al. 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-diene-28-oic acid disrupts microtubule polymerization: a possible mechanism contributing to apoptosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 1158-1165 (2006).
  • 89
    • 27944474377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox-dependent transcriptional regulation
    • Liu, H., Colavitti, R., Rovira, I. I. & Finkel, T. Redox-dependent transcriptional regulation. Circ. Res. 97, 967-974 (2005).
    • (2005) Circ. Res , vol.97 , pp. 967-974
    • Liu, H.1    Colavitti, R.2    Rovira, I.I.3    Finkel, T.4
  • 90
    • 0037015035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence that sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 are the sensors regulating induction of phase 2 enzymes that protect against carcinogens and oxidants
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A. T. et al. Direct evidence that sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 are the sensors regulating induction of phase 2 enzymes that protect against carcinogens and oxidants. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 11908-11913 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 11908-11913
    • Dinkova-Kostova, A.T.1
  • 91
    • 22544464124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifying specific cysteines of the electrophile-sensing human Keap1 protein is insufficient to disrupt binding to the Nrf2 domain Neh2
    • Eggler, A. L., Liu, G., Pezzuto, J. M., van Breemen, R. B. & Mesecar, A. D. Modifying specific cysteines of the electrophile-sensing human Keap1 protein is insufficient to disrupt binding to the Nrf2 domain Neh2. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10070-10075 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 10070-10075
    • Eggler, A.L.1    Liu, G.2    Pezzuto, J.M.3    van Breemen, R.B.4    Mesecar, A.D.5
  • 92
    • 33744969804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na, H. K. & Surh, Y. J. Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection. Mol. Carcinog. 45, 368-380 (2006). Stresses the importance of cysteine residues as targets for chemoprevention of cancer.
    • Na, H. K. & Surh, Y. J. Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection. Mol. Carcinog. 45, 368-380 (2006). Stresses the importance of cysteine residues as targets for chemoprevention of cancer.
  • 93
    • 33744457909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yersinia YopJ acetylates and inhibits kinase activation by blocking phosphorylation
    • Mukherjee, S. et al. Yersinia YopJ acetylates and inhibits kinase activation by blocking phosphorylation. Science 312, 1211-1214 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Mukherjee, S.1
  • 94
    • 29344465714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible nitric oxide synthase binds, S-nitrosylates, and activates cyclooxygenase-2
    • Kim, S. F., Huri, D. A. & Snyder, S. H. Inducible nitric oxide synthase binds, S-nitrosylates, and activates cyclooxygenase-2. Science 310, 1966-1970 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1966-1970
    • Kim, S.F.1    Huri, D.A.2    Snyder, S.H.3
  • 95
    • 33750299450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein tyrosine phosphatases: From genes, to function, to disease
    • Tonks, N. K. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: from genes, to function, to disease. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7, 833-846 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol , vol.7 , pp. 833-846
    • Tonks, N.K.1
  • 96
    • 4544277618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honda, T. et al. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biotin conjugates of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-oic acid for the isolation of the protein targets. J. Med. Chem. 47, 4923-4932 (2004). A key reference describing the synthesis of biotinylated SO.
    • Honda, T. et al. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biotin conjugates of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-oic acid for the isolation of the protein targets. J. Med. Chem. 47, 4923-4932 (2004). A key reference describing the synthesis of biotinylated SO.
  • 97
    • 28844441230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systems model of signaling identifies a molecular basis set for cytokine-induced apoptosis
    • Janes, K. A. et al. A systems model of signaling identifies a molecular basis set for cytokine-induced apoptosis. Science 310, 1646-1653 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1646-1653
    • Janes, K.A.1
  • 98
    • 31944451232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel
    • Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L. & Li, N. Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311, 622-627 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 622-627
    • Nel, A.1    Xia, T.2    Madler, L.3    Li, N.4
  • 99
    • 33750530167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15-Deoxy-δ(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) as a potential endogenous regulator of redox-sensitive transcription factors
    • Kim, E. H. & Surh, Y. J. 15-Deoxy-δ(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) as a potential endogenous regulator of redox-sensitive transcription factors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72, 1516-1528 (2006).
    • (2006) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 1516-1528
    • Kim, E.H.1    Surh, Y.J.2
  • 100
    • 0035949514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham), inhibit activation of nuclear factor-κB by inhibiting both its nuclear localization and ability to bind DNA
    • Haridas, V., Arntzen, C. J. & Gutterman, J. U. Avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham), inhibit activation of nuclear factor-κB by inhibiting both its nuclear localization and ability to bind DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11557-11562 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 11557-11562
    • Haridas, V.1    Arntzen, C.J.2    Gutterman, J.U.3
  • 101
    • 0028847024 scopus 로고
    • Discovery of betulinic acid as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma that functions by induction of apoptosis
    • Pisha, E. et al. Discovery of betulinic acid as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma that functions by induction of apoptosis. Nature Med. 1, 1046-1051 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature Med , vol.1 , pp. 1046-1051
    • Pisha, E.1
  • 102
    • 33646406554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice
    • Yang, H., Chen, D., Cui, Q. C., Yuan, X. & Dou, Q. P. Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. Cancer Res. 66, 4758-4765 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 4758-4765
    • Yang, H.1    Chen, D.2    Cui, Q.C.3    Yuan, X.4    Dou, Q.P.5
  • 103
    • 18444368003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for plant-derived chemopreventive agents exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action
    • Howells, L. M. & Manson, M. M. Prospects for plant-derived chemopreventive agents exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action. Curr. Med. Chem. Anti-Canc. Agents 5, 201-213 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Med. Chem. Anti-Canc. Agents , vol.5 , pp. 201-213
    • Howells, L.M.1    Manson, M.M.2
  • 104
    • 2942627626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seong, S. Y. & Matzinger, P. Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses. Nature Rev. Immunol. 4, 469-478 (2004). A highly provocative and stimulating discussion of the danger hypothesis and the responses of cells to injury.
    • Seong, S. Y. & Matzinger, P. Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses. Nature Rev. Immunol. 4, 469-478 (2004). A highly provocative and stimulating discussion of the danger hypothesis and the responses of cells to injury.
  • 106
    • 0025270737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mangelsdorf, D. J., Ong, E. S., Dyck, J. A. & Evans, R. M. Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway. Nature 345, 224-229 (1990). The original discovery of RXRs.
    • Mangelsdorf, D. J., Ong, E. S., Dyck, J. A. & Evans, R. M. Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway. Nature 345, 224-229 (1990). The original discovery of RXRs.
  • 107
    • 0025938132 scopus 로고
    • A direct repeat in the cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene confers differential regulation by RXR and RAR
    • Mangelsdorf, D. J. et al. A direct repeat in the cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene confers differential regulation by RXR and RAR. Cell 66, 555-561 (1991).
    • (1991) Cell , vol.66 , pp. 555-561
    • Mangelsdorf, D.J.1
  • 108
    • 0026570218 scopus 로고
    • 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor
    • Heyman, R. A. et al. 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor. Cell 68, 397-406 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.68 , pp. 397-406
    • Heyman, R.A.1
  • 109
    • 17444442152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mukherjee, R. et al. Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists. Nature 386, 407-410 (1997). The word 'rexinoid' is defined here for the first time, and the interaction of RXRs with PPARγ is stressed.
    • Mukherjee, R. et al. Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists. Nature 386, 407-410 (1997). The word 'rexinoid' is defined here for the first time, and the interaction of RXRs with PPARγ is stressed.
  • 110
    • 0029562554 scopus 로고
    • The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors
    • Mangelsdorf, D. J. & Evans, R. M. The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83, 841-850 (1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 841-850
    • Mangelsdorf, D.J.1    Evans, R.M.2
  • 111
    • 0035976638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: Opening the X-files
    • Chawla, A., Repa, J. J., Evans, R. M. & Mangelsdorf, D. J. Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science 294, 1866-1870 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1866-1870
    • Chawla, A.1    Repa, J.J.2    Evans, R.M.3    Mangelsdorf, D.J.4
  • 112
    • 0036637235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprevention: An essential approach to controlling cancer
    • Sporn, M. B. & Suh, N. Chemoprevention: an essential approach to controlling cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 2, 537-543 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 537-543
    • Sporn, M.B.1    Suh, N.2
  • 113
    • 23444431623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoid x receptor heterodimers in the metabolic syndrome
    • Shulman, A. I. & Mangelsdorf, D. J. Retinoid x receptor heterodimers in the metabolic syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 604-615 (2005).
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.353 , pp. 604-615
    • Shulman, A.I.1    Mangelsdorf, D.J.2
  • 114
    • 8144228566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis?
    • Gatenby, R. A. & Gillies, R. J. Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? Nature Rev. Cancer 4, 891-899 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 891-899
    • Gatenby, R.A.1    Gillies, R.J.2
  • 115
    • 32644453028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rexinoids on thyrotrope function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
    • Sharma, V. et al. Effects of rexinoids on thyrotrope function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Endocrinology 147, 1438-1451 (2006).
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1438-1451
    • Sharma, V.1
  • 118
    • 0027068077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lehmann, J. M. et al. Retinoids selective for retinoid X receptor response pathways. Science 258, 1944-1946 (1992). The first synthesis of a rexinoid.
    • Lehmann, J. M. et al. Retinoids selective for retinoid X receptor response pathways. Science 258, 1944-1946 (1992). The first synthesis of a rexinoid.
  • 119
    • 0028087742 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids
    • Boehm, M. F. et al. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids. J. Med. Chem. 37, 2930-2941 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Med. Chem , vol.37 , pp. 2930-2941
    • Boehm, M.F.1
  • 120
    • 0029097177 scopus 로고
    • Design and synthesis of potent retinoid X receptor selective ligands that induce apoptosis in leukemia cells
    • Boehm, M. F. et al. Design and synthesis of potent retinoid X receptor selective ligands that induce apoptosis in leukemia cells. J. Med. Chem. 38, 3146-3155 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Med. Chem , vol.38 , pp. 3146-3155
    • Boehm, M.F.1
  • 121
    • 0035811459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vuligonda, V., Thacher, S. M. & Chandraratna, R. A. Enantioselective syntheses of potent retinoid X receptor ligands: differential biological activities of individual antipodes. J. Med. Chem. 44, 2298-2303 (2001). Describes the first synthesis and properties of the rexinoid, AGN 194204.
    • Vuligonda, V., Thacher, S. M. & Chandraratna, R. A. Enantioselective syntheses of potent retinoid X receptor ligands: differential biological activities of individual antipodes. J. Med. Chem. 44, 2298-2303 (2001). Describes the first synthesis and properties of the rexinoid, AGN 194204.
  • 122
    • 0038454672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel (2E, 4E, 6Z)-7-(2-alkoxy-3, 5-dialkylbenzene)-3-methylocta-2, 4, 6-trienoic acid retinoid X receptor modulators are active in models of type 2 diabetes
    • Michellys, P. Y. et al. Novel (2E, 4E, 6Z)-7-(2-alkoxy-3, 5-dialkylbenzene)-3-methylocta-2, 4, 6-trienoic acid retinoid X receptor modulators are active in models of type 2 diabetes. J. Med. Chem. 46, 2683-2696 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Med. Chem , vol.46 , pp. 2683-2696
    • Michellys, P.Y.1
  • 123
    • 0141455873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel 6, 7-locked-[7-(2-alkoxy-3, 5-dialkylbenzene)-3- methylocta]-2, 4, 6-trienoic acids
    • Michellys, P. Y. et al. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel 6, 7-locked-[7-(2-alkoxy-3, 5-dialkylbenzene)-3- methylocta]-2, 4, 6-trienoic acids. J. Med. Chem. 46, 4087-4103 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Med. Chem , vol.46 , pp. 4087-4103
    • Michellys, P.Y.1
  • 124
    • 10744225472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel RXR-selective modulators
    • Michellys, P. Y. et al. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel RXR-selective modulators. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 14, 1593-1598 (2004).
    • (2004) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.14 , pp. 1593-1598
    • Michellys, P.Y.1
  • 125
    • 11144354615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-based design of potent retinoid X receptor α agonists
    • Haffner, C. D. et al. Structure-based design of potent retinoid X receptor α agonists. J. Med. Chem. 47, 2010-2029 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Med. Chem , vol.47 , pp. 2010-2029
    • Haffner, C.D.1
  • 126
    • 30944433200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological characterization of a heterodimer-selective retinoid X receptor modulator: Potential benefits for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Leibowitz, M. D. et al. Biological characterization of a heterodimer-selective retinoid X receptor modulator: potential benefits for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 147, 1044-1053 (2006).
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1044-1053
    • Leibowitz, M.D.1
  • 127
    • 33645220720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-selective retinoids inhibit the growth of normal and malignant breast cells by inducing G1 cell cycle blockade
    • Wu, K. et al. Receptor-selective retinoids inhibit the growth of normal and malignant breast cells by inducing G1 cell cycle blockade. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 96, 147-157 (2006).
    • (2006) Breast Cancer Res. Treat , vol.96 , pp. 147-157
    • Wu, K.1
  • 128
    • 4344703257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by AGN194204, an RXR-selective retinoid
    • Balasubramanian, S., Chandraratna, R. A. & Eckert, R. L. Suppression of human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by AGN194204, an RXR-selective retinoid. Carcinogenesis 25, 1377-1385 (2004).
    • (2004) Carcinogenesis , vol.25 , pp. 1377-1385
    • Balasubramanian, S.1    Chandraratna, R.A.2    Eckert, R.L.3
  • 129
    • 20244375856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retinoid X receptor-selective retinoid, LGD1069, down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cells through transcription factor crosstalk: Implications for molecular-based chemoprevention
    • Kong, G. et al. The retinoid X receptor-selective retinoid, LGD1069, down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cells through transcription factor crosstalk: implications for molecular-based chemoprevention. Cancer Res. 65, 3462-3469 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 3462-3469
    • Kong, G.1
  • 130
    • 2442688166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene and the rexinoid LG100268 cooperate to promote transforming growth factor β-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer
    • Rendi, M. H. et al. The selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene and the rexinoid LG100268 cooperate to promote transforming growth factor β-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 64, 3566-3571 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 3566-3571
    • Rendi, M.H.1
  • 131
    • 33644840089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bexarotene and erlotinib for aerodigestive tract cancer
    • Dragnev, K. H. et al. Bexarotene and erlotinib for aerodigestive tract cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 8757-8764 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 8757-8764
    • Dragnev, K.H.1
  • 132
    • 33846204724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of biomarkers modulated by the rexinoid LGD1069 (bexarotene) in human breast cells using oligonucleotide arrays
    • Kim, H. T. et al. Identification of biomarkers modulated by the rexinoid LGD1069 (bexarotene) in human breast cells using oligonucleotide arrays. Cancer Res. 66, 12009-12018 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 12009-12018
    • Kim, H.T.1
  • 133
    • 25444495618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rexinoid-triggered differentiation and tumor-selective apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia by protein kinase A-mediated desubordination of retinoid X receptor
    • Altucci, L. et al. Rexinoid-triggered differentiation and tumor-selective apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia by protein kinase A-mediated desubordination of retinoid X receptor. Cancer Res. 65, 8754-8765 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 8754-8765
    • Altucci, L.1
  • 134
    • 4644363465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowe, D. L. & Chandraratna, R. A. A retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retinoid reveals that RXR-α is potentially a therapeutic target in breast cancer cell lines, and that it potentiates antiproliferative and apoptotic responses to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands. Breast Cancer Res. 6, R546-R555 (2004).
    • Crowe, D. L. & Chandraratna, R. A. A retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retinoid reveals that RXR-α is potentially a therapeutic target in breast cancer cell lines, and that it potentiates antiproliferative and apoptotic responses to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands. Breast Cancer Res. 6, R546-R555 (2004).
  • 135
    • 0032006028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bischoff, E. D., Gottardis, M. M., Moon, T. E., Heyman, R. A. & Lamph, W. W. Beyond tamoxifen: the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 (TARGRETIN) causes complete regression of mammary carcinoma. Cancer Res. 58, 479-484 (1998). A striking example of the potency of rexinoids for control of breast cancer.
    • Bischoff, E. D., Gottardis, M. M., Moon, T. E., Heyman, R. A. & Lamph, W. W. Beyond tamoxifen: the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 (TARGRETIN) causes complete regression of mammary carcinoma. Cancer Res. 58, 479-484 (1998). A striking example of the potency of rexinoids for control of breast cancer.
  • 136
    • 0034326254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of adipocyte-specific gene expression is correlated with mammary tumor regression by the retinoid X receptor-ligand LGD1069 (targretin)
    • Agarwal, V. R., Bischoff, E. D., Hermann, T. & Lamph, W. W. Induction of adipocyte-specific gene expression is correlated with mammary tumor regression by the retinoid X receptor-ligand LGD1069 (targretin). Cancer Res. 60, 6033-6038 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , pp. 6033-6038
    • Agarwal, V.R.1    Bischoff, E.D.2    Hermann, T.3    Lamph, W.W.4
  • 137
    • 0036794975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of experimental breast cancer with the combination of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, arzoxifene, and a new rexinoid, LG 100268
    • Suh, N. et al. Prevention and treatment of experimental breast cancer with the combination of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, arzoxifene, and a new rexinoid, LG 100268. Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 3270-3275 (2002).
    • (2002) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.8 , pp. 3270-3275
    • Suh, N.1
  • 138
    • 0037445123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter phase II study of oral bexarotene for patients with metastatic breast cancer
    • Esteva, F. J. et al. Multicenter phase II study of oral bexarotene for patients with metastatic breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 999-1006 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 999-1006
    • Esteva, F.J.1
  • 139
    • 0035873816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of oral bexarotene in combination with cisplatin and vinorelbine in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Khuri, F. R. et al. Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of oral bexarotene in combination with cisplatin and vinorelbine in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 2626-2637 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2626-2637
    • Khuri, F.R.1
  • 140
    • 33745852174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporn, M. B. Dichotomies in cancer research: some suggestions for a new synthesis. Nature Clin. Pract. Oncol. 3, 364-373 (2006).
    • Sporn, M. B. Dichotomies in cancer research: some suggestions for a new synthesis. Nature Clin. Pract. Oncol. 3, 364-373 (2006).
  • 141
    • 0033572472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 on mammary carcinoma after tamoxifen failure
    • Bischoff, E. D., Heyman, R. A. & Lamph, W. W. Effect of the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 on mammary carcinoma after tamoxifen failure. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 91, 2118 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Natl Cancer Inst , vol.91 , pp. 2118
    • Bischoff, E.D.1    Heyman, R.A.2    Lamph, W.W.3
  • 142
    • 0036094845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice by the RXR-selective retinoid, LGD1069
    • Wu, K. et al. Suppression of mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice by the RXR-selective retinoid, LGD1069. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 11, 467-474 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev , vol.11 , pp. 467-474
    • Wu, K.1
  • 143
    • 0036794975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suh, N. et al. Prevention and treatment of experimental breast cancer with the combination of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, arzoxifene, and a new rexinoid, LG 100268. Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 3270-3275 (2002). The first report of the combination of a rexinoid and a SERM for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
    • Suh, N. et al. Prevention and treatment of experimental breast cancer with the combination of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, arzoxifene, and a new rexinoid, LG 100268. Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 3270-3275 (2002). The first report of the combination of a rexinoid and a SERM for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
  • 144
    • 0037112520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wu, K. et al. The retinoid X receptor-selective retinoid, LGD1069, prevents the development of estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumors in transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 62, 6376-6380 (2002). The first report of the use of a rexinoid to prevent ER-negative breast cancer.
    • Wu, K. et al. The retinoid X receptor-selective retinoid, LGD1069, prevents the development of estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumors in transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 62, 6376-6380 (2002). The first report of the use of a rexinoid to prevent ER-negative breast cancer.
  • 145
    • 9644295744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effect of a retinoid X receptor-selective ligand bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) and paclitaxel (Taxol) in mammary carcinoma
    • Yen, W. C., Prudente, R. Y. & Lamph, W. W. Synergistic effect of a retinoid X receptor-selective ligand bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) and paclitaxel (Taxol) in mammary carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 88, 141-148 (2004).
    • (2004) Breast Cancer Res. Treat , vol.88 , pp. 141-148
    • Yen, W.C.1    Prudente, R.Y.2    Lamph, W.W.3
  • 146
    • 13844253654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Targretin on methylnitrosourea- induced mammary cancers: Prevention and therapy dose-response curves and effects on proliferation and apoptosis
    • Lubet, R. A. et al. Efficacy of Targretin on methylnitrosourea- induced mammary cancers: prevention and therapy dose-response curves and effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Carcinogenesis 26, 441-448 (2005).
    • (2005) Carcinogenesis , vol.26 , pp. 441-448
    • Lubet, R.A.1
  • 147
    • 33750328272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of the rexinoid, LG100268, and a selective estrogen receptor modulator, either arzoxifene or acolbifene, synergizes in the prevention and treatment of mammary tumors in an estrogen receptor-negative model of breast cancer
    • Liby, K. et al. The combination of the rexinoid, LG100268, and a selective estrogen receptor modulator, either arzoxifene or acolbifene, synergizes in the prevention and treatment of mammary tumors in an estrogen receptor-negative model of breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 5902-5909 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 5902-5909
    • Liby, K.1
  • 148
    • 24744435139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (Targretin) synergistically enhances the growth inhibitory activity of cytotoxic drugs in non-small cell lung cancer cells
    • Hermann, T. W. et al. The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (Targretin) synergistically enhances the growth inhibitory activity of cytotoxic drugs in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Lung Cancer 50, 9-18 (2005).
    • (2005) Lung Cancer , vol.50 , pp. 9-18
    • Hermann, T.W.1
  • 149
    • 33644783537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of lung cancer progression by bexarotene in mouse models
    • Wang, Y. et al. Prevention of lung cancer progression by bexarotene in mouse models. Oncogene 25, 1329 (2006).
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 1329
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 150
    • 33644839725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours
    • Yen, W. C., Prudente, R. Y., Corpuz, M. R., Negro-Vilar, A. & Lamph, W. W. A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. Br. J. Cancer 94, 654-660 (2006).
    • (2006) Br. J. Cancer , vol.94 , pp. 654-660
    • Yen, W.C.1    Prudente, R.Y.2    Corpuz, M.R.3    Negro-Vilar, A.4    Lamph, W.W.5
  • 151
    • 33645675555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of mouse lung tumors by targretin
    • Pereira, M. A. et al. Prevention of mouse lung tumors by targretin. Int J Cancer 118, 2359-2362 (2006).
    • (2006) Int J Cancer , vol.118 , pp. 2359-2362
    • Pereira, M.A.1
  • 152
    • 31944451844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced prostate cancer
    • Yen, W. C. & Lamph, W. W. A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 66, 305-316 (2006).
    • (2006) Prostate , vol.66 , pp. 305-316
    • Yen, W.C.1    Lamph, W.W.2
  • 153
    • 0034895388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rexinoid LG100754 is a novel RXR:PPARγ agonist and decreases glucose levels in vivo
    • Cesario, R. M. et al. The rexinoid LG100754 is a novel RXR:PPARγ agonist and decreases glucose levels in vivo. Mol. Endocrinol. 15, 1360-1369 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Endocrinol , vol.15 , pp. 1360-1369
    • Cesario, R.M.1
  • 154
    • 1442351143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coregulator function: A key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators
    • Smith, C. L. & O'Malley, B. W. Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators. Endocr. Rev. 25, 45-71 (2004).
    • (2004) Endocr. Rev , vol.25 , pp. 45-71
    • Smith, C.L.1    O'Malley, B.W.2
  • 155
    • 20044385056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced breast carcinoma
    • Yen, W. C. & Lamph, W. W. The selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced breast carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 824-834 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.4 , pp. 824-834
    • Yen, W.C.1    Lamph, W.W.2
  • 157
    • 12144289400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physical and functional map of the human TNF-α/NF-κ B signal transduction pathway
    • Bouwmeester, T. et al. A physical and functional map of the human TNF-α/NF-κ B signal transduction pathway. Nat Cell Biol 6, 97-105 (2004).
    • (2004) Nat Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 97-105
    • Bouwmeester, T.1
  • 158
    • 33749481920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olive fruit extracts inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells
    • Juan, M. E., Wenzel, U., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Daniel, H. & Planas, J. M. Olive fruit extracts inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. J. Nutr. 136, 2553-2557 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Nutr , vol.136 , pp. 2553-2557
    • Juan, M.E.1    Wenzel, U.2    Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.3    Daniel, H.4    Planas, J.M.5
  • 159
    • 0035030872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthetic triterpenoid selectively inhibits the induction of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 13 by inflammatory cytokines
    • Mix, K. S. et al. A synthetic triterpenoid selectively inhibits the induction of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 13 by inflammatory cytokines. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 1096-1104 (2001).
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , pp. 1096-1104
    • Mix, K.S.1
  • 160
    • 1642554140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triterpenoid CDDO inhibits expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and Bcl-3 in primary human chondrocytes
    • Elliott, S., Hays, E., Mayor, M., Sporn, M. & Vincenti, M. The triterpenoid CDDO inhibits expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and Bcl-3 in primary human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res. Ther. 5, R285-R291 (2003).
    • (2003) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.5
    • Elliott, S.1    Hays, E.2    Mayor, M.3    Sporn, M.4    Vincenti, M.5
  • 161
    • 33846786713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic characterization of chemopreventive triterpenoids as exceptionally potent inducers of Nrf2-regulated genes
    • Yates, M. S. et al. Pharmacodynamic characterization of chemopreventive triterpenoids as exceptionally potent inducers of Nrf2-regulated genes. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 154-162 (2007).
    • (2007) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.6 , pp. 154-162
    • Yates, M.S.1
  • 162
    • 0037180771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in atherosclerosis
    • Libby, P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420, 868-874 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 868-874
    • Libby, P.1
  • 163
    • 0037180783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells in autoimmune disease
    • Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Mast cells in autoimmune disease. Nature 420, 875-878 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 875-878
    • Benoist, C.1    Mathis, D.2
  • 164
    • 0037180823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weiner, H. L. & Selkoe, D. J. Inflammation and therapeutic vaccination in CNS diseases. Nature 420, 879-884 (2002).
    • Weiner, H. L. & Selkoe, D. J. Inflammation and therapeutic vaccination in CNS diseases. Nature 420, 879-884 (2002).
  • 165
    • 0037180768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunopathogenesis of sepsis
    • Cohen, J. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 420, 885-891 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 885-891
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 166
    • 15244356847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic ablation of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice
    • Rangasamy, T. et al. Genetic ablation of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 114, 1248-1259 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Invest , vol.114 , pp. 1248-1259
    • Rangasamy, T.1
  • 167
    • 22344438250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to severe airway inflammation and asthma in mice
    • Rangasamy, T. et al. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to severe airway inflammation and asthma in mice. J. Exp. Med. 202, 47-59 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med , vol.202 , pp. 47-59
    • Rangasamy, T.1
  • 168
    • 33645530745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2 is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and survival during experimental sepsis
    • Thimmulappa, R. K. et al. Nrf2 is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and survival during experimental sepsis. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 984-995 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest , vol.116 , pp. 984-995
    • Thimmulappa, R.K.1
  • 169
    • 33751503096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo modulation of the Parkinsonian phenotype by Nrf2
    • Burton, N. C., Kensler, T. W. & Guilarte, T. R. In vivo modulation of the Parkinsonian phenotype by Nrf2. Neurotoxicology 27, 1100 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurotoxicology , vol.27 , pp. 1100
    • Burton, N.C.1    Kensler, T.W.2    Guilarte, T.R.3
  • 170
    • 33750695643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, and antiinflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo of new betulinic acid analogues having an enone functionality in ring A
    • Honda, T. et al. Design, synthesis, and antiinflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo of new betulinic acid analogues having an enone functionality in ring A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16, 6306-6309 (2006).
    • (2006) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.16 , pp. 6306-6309
    • Honda, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.