The hepatic immune system

Critical Reviews in Immunology

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 47-103

  Wick, Mary Jo ^a   Leithauser, Frank ^b   Reimann, Jorg ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hepatic dendritic cells; Hepatic NK cells; Hepatic NKT cells; Hepatic T cells; Hepatitis; Liver immunology

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DENDRITIC CELL; HOMEOSTASIS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIVER FUNCTION; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; CLASSIFICATION; CYTOLOGY; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; LIVER;

ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; LIVER; SELF TOLERANCE; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; T-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMANS;

EID: 0036022191     PISSN: 10408401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (390)

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37. Blocking chemokine responsive to gamma-2/interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein and monokine induced by IFN-γ activity in vivo reduces the pathogenetic but not the antiviral potential of hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
38. Primary hepatocytes from mice treated with IL-2/IL-12 produce T cell chemoattractant activity that is dependent on monokine induced by IFNγ (Mig) and chemokine responsive to γ2 (Crg-2)
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47. Induction of cytokine production in naive CD4+ T cells by antigen-presenting murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells but failure to induce differentiation toward Th1 cells
48. A minimal role for selectins in the recruitment of leukocytes into the inflamed liver microvasculature
49. Liver sinusoidal lining cells express class II major histocompatibility antigens but are poor stimulators of fresh allogeneic T lymphocytes
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51. Efficient presentation of exogenous antigen by liver endothelial cells to CD8+ T cells results in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance
52. IL-10 down-regulates T-cell activation by antigen-presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through decreased antigen uptake via the mannose receptor and lowered surface expression of accessory molecules
53. Endotoxin down-regulates T-cell activation by antigen-presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
54. Expression of cytokines and factors modulating apoptosis by human sinusoidal leucocytes
55. A discrete subpopulation of dendritic cells transports apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells to T-cell areas of mesenteric lymph nodes
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57. + T cells but induces type I T cells in the liver by induction of IL-12 and IL-18 production from Kupffer cells
58. Importance of Kupffer cells for T cell-dependent liver injury in mice
59. IL-6 produced by Kupffer cells induces STAT protein activation in hepatocytes early during the course of systemic listerial infections
60. Interleukin-10 expression is autoregulated at the transcriptional level in human and murine Kupffer cells
61. Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of myeloid differentiation factor 88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1β
62. Outcome of Kupffer cell antigen presentation to a cloned murine Th1 lymphocyte depends on the inducibility of nitric oxide synthase by IFN-gamma
63. Myofibroblasts I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease
64. Intestinal fibroblasts regulate intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via hepatocyte growth factor
65. Similarities and differences between extrathymic T cells residing in mouse liver and intestine
66. Immunoregulatory function of CD3+,CD4-, and CD8- T cells. γδ T-cell receptor positive T cells from nude mice abrogate oral tolerance
67. The role of intrahepatic γδ T cells for liver injury induced by Salmonella infection in mouse
68. Selection of phenotypically distinct NK1.1+ T cells upon antigen expression in the thymus or in the liver
69. Natural T cells in the human liver: Cytotoxic lymphocytes with dual T-cell and natural killer cell phenotype and function are phenotypically heterogenous and include Vα24-Jα Q γδ cell receptor bearing cells
70. CD4+ and/or γδ+ T cells in the liver spontaneously produce IL-4 in vitro during the early phase of Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice
71. Tracking the response of natural killer T cells to a glycolipid antigen using CD1d tetramers
72. Functional and phenotypical characteristics of hepatic NK-like T cells in NK1.1-positive and -negative mouse strains
73. + cells in the liver of mice
74. + T cells in vitro from fetal liver precursors
75. Resident human hepatic lymphocytes are phenotypically different from circulating lymphocytes
76. The human liver contains multiple populations of NK cells, T cells, and CD3+CD56+ natural T cells with distinct cytotoxic activities and Th1, Th2, and Th0 cytokine secretion patterns
77. CD8(+)NKR-P1A (+)T cells preferentially accumulate in human liver
78. Rapid death and regeneration of NKT cells in anti-CD3ε- or IL-12-treated mice: A major role for bone marrow in NKT-cell homeostasis
79. + αβ T cells with intermediate TCR induced in the liver of mice by IL-12
80. Intensive expansion of natural killer cells in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and its association with sympathetic nerve activation
81. Expansion of extrathymic T cells as well as granulocytes in the liver and other organs of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor transgenic mice: Why they lost the ability of hybrid resistance
82. + cells originate from multiple pathways
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84. CD1-restricted T-cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens
85. CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of Vα14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides
86. CD1d-mediated recognition of an α-galactosylceramide by natural killer T cells is highly conserved through mammalian evolution
87. Structural requirements for galactosylceramide recognition by CD1-restricted NK T cells
88. + NK T lymphocytes
89. Analysis of human Vα24+ CD4+ NKT cells activated by alpha-glycosylceramide-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells
90. Potent expansion of human natural killer T cells using α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000)-loaded monocyte derived dendritic cells, cultured in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15
91. α-glycosylceramides enhance the antitumor cytotoxicity of hepatic lymphocytes obtained from cancer patients by activating CD3-CD56+ NK cells in vitro
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93. The natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide demonstrates its immunopotentiating effect by inducing interleukin (IL)-12 production by dendritic cells and IL-12 receptor expression on NKT cells
94. Functional CD40 ligand expression on T lymphocytes in the absence of T-cell receptor engagement: Involvement in interleukin-2-induced interleukin-12 and interferon-γ production
95. + αβ T cells activated by IL-12 as a major effector in inhibition of experimental tumor metastasis
96. A distinct IL-18-induced pathway to fully activate NK T lymphocytes independently from TCR engagement
97. Activation of hepatic NKT cells and subsequent liver injury following administration of alpha-galactosylceramide
98. IL-18 augments perforin-dependent cytotoxicity of liver NK-T cells
99. Anti-CD1 monoclonal antibody treatment reverses the production patterns of TGF-β2 and Th1 cytokines and ameliorates listeriosis in mice
100. + T cells and rapid elimination of effector cells by apoptosis
101. Activation of NK T cells by CD1d and α-galactosylceramide directs conventional T cells to the acquisition of a Th2 phenotype
102. Activation of natural killer T cells by alpha-galactosylceramide in the presence of CDld provides protection against colitis in mice
103. Liver-associated lymphocytes expressing NK1.1 are essential for oral immune tolerance induction in a murine model
104. Distinct cytokine profiles of neonatal natural killer T cells after expansion with subsets of dendritic cells
105. Costimulation-dependent modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by ligand stimulation of Vα14 NK T cells
106. Differential regulation of Th1 and Th2 functions of NKT cells by CD28 and CD40 costimulatory pathways
107. Expression of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide inhibits hepatitis B surface antigen secretion in transgenic mice
108. Structural and pathological effects of synthesis of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide in transgenic mice
109. Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice
110. Natural killer T-cell activation inhibits hepatitis B virus replication In vivo
111. HBsAg retention sensitizes the hepatocyte to injury by physiological concentrations of interferon-γ
112. Activating immunity in the liver. II. IFN-β attenuates NK cell-dependent liver injury triggered by liver NKT cell activation
113. + T cells for concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury in mice
114. Augmentation of Vα14 NKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity by interleukin 4 in an autocrine mechanism resulting in the development of concanavalin A-induced hepatitis
115. Interleukin (IL)-4 is a major regulatory cytokine governing bioactive IL-12 production by mouse and human dendritic cells
116. Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury of mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide via the induction of IL-6 and the subsequent reduction of IL-4: The cytokine milieu of concanavalin A hepatitis
117. The 55-kD tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD95 independently signal murine hepatocyte apoptosis and subsequent liver failure
118. A bcl-2 transgene expressed in hepatocytes protects mice from fulminant liver destruction but not from rapid death induced by anti-Fas antibody injection
119. Interferon γ plays a critical role in T cell-dependent liver injury in mice initiated by concanavalin A
120. Strain difference in the induction of T-cell activation-associated, interferon γ-dependent hepatic injury in mice
121. In vivo evidence for a functional role of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and transmembrane TNF in experimental hepatitis
122. Concanavalin A-induced liver cell damage: Activation of intracellular pathways triggered by tumor necrosis factor in mice
123. Concanavalin A hepatotoxicity in mice: Tumor necrosis factor-mediated organ failure independent of caspase-3-like protease activation
124. Bimodal role of endogenous interleukin-6 in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice
125. Protection from T cell-mediated murine liver failure by phosphodiesterase inhibitors
126. Requirement of peptidergic sensory innervation for disease activity in murine models of immune hepatitis and protection by β-adrenergic stimulation
127. A pivotal role of IL-12 in Th1-dependent mouse liver injury
128. Innate and acquired activation pathways in T cells
129. Interferon-γ-inducing factor enhances T helper 1 cytokine production by stimulated human T cells: Synergism with interleukin-12 for interferon-γ production
130. + T lymphocytes
131. Interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 synergistically induce murine rumor regression which involves inhibition of angiogenesis
132. IFNγ-inducing factor (IGIF) is a costimulatory factor on the activation of Th1 but not Th2 cells and exerts its effect independently of IL-12
133. IL-12 up-regulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells, and B cells: Synergism with IL-18 for IFN-γ production
134. Production of functional IL-18 by different subtypes of murine and human dendritic cells (DC): DC-derived IL-18 enhances IL-12-dependent Th1 development
135. Interleukin 18 together with interleukin 12 inhibits IgE production by induction of interferon-γ production from activated B cells
136. Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice
137. Murine macrophages secrete interferon-γ upon combined stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18: A novel pathway of autocrine macrophage activation
138. Interleukin 12-dependent interferon-γ production by CD8α+ lymphoid dendritic cells
139. Synergistic effects of IL-4 and IL-18 on IL-12-dependent IFN-γ production by dendritic cells
140. Cross-talk between cells of the innate immune system: NKT cells rapidly activate NK cells
141. A critical role for antigen-specific Th1 cells in acute liver injury in mice
142. Indispensable role for TNF-α and IFN-γ at the effector phase of liver injury mediated by Th1 cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen
143. Human recombinant interferon-β influences T helper subset differentiation by regulating cytokine secretion pattern and expression of homing receptors
144. Type IIFNs inhibit human dendritic cell IL-12 production and Th1 cell development
145. IFN-β differentially regulates CD40-induced cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells
146. Interferon-β induces the development of type 2 dendritic cells
147. Viral infection causes rapid sensitization to lipopolysaccharide: Central role of IFN-αβ
148. IFN-β1b inhibits IL-12 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an IL-10-dependent mechanism: Relevance to IFN-β1b therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis
149. Role of interferon-α in promoting T helper cell type 1 responses in the small intestine in coeliac disease
150. Influenza A virus-induced IFN-αβ and IL-18 synergistically enhance IFN-γ gene expression in human T cells
151. Ifn-α IL-12 induce IL-18 receptor gene expression in human NK and T cells
152. Two roads diverged: Interferon αβ- and interleukin 12-mediated pathways in promoting T-cell interferon-γ responses during viral infection
153. Interferon αβ-mediated inhibition and promotion of interferon γ: STAT1 resolves a paradox
154. IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) is a conditional repressor of IFN inducible promoters
155. An interferonγ-regulated protein that binds the interferon-inducible enhancer element of major histocompatibility complex class I genes
156. + T cells for liver injury induced by Salmonella infection in mice
157. α-galactosylceramide-activated Vα14 natural killer T cells mediate protection against murine malaria
158. NK cells and NKT cells collaborate in host protection from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma
159. Critical contribution of IFN-γ and NK cells, but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, to anti-metastatic effect of α-galactosylceramide
160. Selective induction of NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by activated NKT cells
161. Selective bystander proliferation of memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells upon NK T or T-cell activation
162. Mouse liver T cells: Their change with aging and in comparison with peripheral T cells
163. Hepatocytes and liver nonparenchymal cells induce apoptosis in activated T cells
164. Antigen-specific primary activation of CD8(+) T cells within the liver
165. NK cells cause liver injury and facilitate the induction of T cell-mediated immunity to a viral liver infection
166. Priming of hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice following portal vein injection of a liver-specific plasmid DNA
167. Long-lasting memory T-cell responses following self-limited acute hepatitis B
168. Direct ex vivo analysis of hepatitis B virus-specific CD8+ T cells associated with the control of infection
169. + cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection
170. Intrahepatic T cells in hepatitis B: Viral control versus liver cell injury
171. Lamivudine treatment can restore T-cell responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B
172. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CTL are present in large numbers in livers of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys
173. + T cells in the liver during the control and resolution phases of influenza pneumonia
174. Break of T-cell ignorance to a viral antigen in the liver induces hepatitis
175. + T cell-based immunotherapy interferes with liver tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model
176. Life, activation and death of intrahepatic lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis C
177. Liver-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4(+) T cells recognize multiple HCV epitopes and produce interferon γ
178. Noncytolytic control of viral infections by the innate and adaptive immune response
179. Nitric oxide inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in the livers of transgenic mice
180. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by activated NK T cells does not require inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver
181. Noncytopathic clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from the hepatocyte
182. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in transgenic mice
183. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during schistosoma mansoni infection in transgenic mice
184. Host-virus interactions during malaria infection in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice
185. Large granular lymphocytes or "pit cells" from rat liver: Isolation, ultrastructural characterization and natural killer activity
186. Immuno-electron microscopic characterization of large granular lymphocytes (natural killer cells) from rat liver
187. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in surveillance of tumor metastasis by liver natural killer cells
188. FLT3-ligand administration inhibits liver metastases: Role of NK cells
189. Demonstration and characterization of Ia-positive dendritic cells in the interstitial connective tissues of rat heart and other tissues, but not brain
190. Influence of lymphocytes on the presence and organization of dendritic cell subsets in the spleen
191. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha
192. Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: Down-regulation by cytokines and bacterial products
193. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity
194. Immunobiology of dendritic cells
195. Selective recruitment of immature and mature dendritic cells by distinct chemokines expressed in different anatomic sites
196. Differential regulation of chemokine receptors during dendritic cell maturation: A model for their trafficking properties
197. Chemokines and dendritic cell traffic
198. Dentritic cells in the liver, kidney, heart and pancreas
199. A life stage of particle-laden rat dendritic cells in vivo: Their terminal division, active phagocytosis, and translocation from the liver to the draining lymph
200. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression by liver-derived dendritic cells: MIP-1α production is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interaction with allogeneic T cells
201. Dramatic increase in the numbers of functionally mature dendritic cells in Flt3 ligand-treated mice: Multiple dendritic cell subpopulations identified
202. Augmentation of dendritic cells in murine organ donors by Flt3 ligand alters the balance between transplant tolerance and immunity
203. In vivo administration of flt3 ligand markedly stimulates generation of dendritic cell progenitors from mouse liver
204. Isolation, phenotype, and allostimulatory activity of mouse liver dendritic cells
205. Propagation of dendritic cell progenitors from normal mouse liver using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and their maturational development in the presence of type-1 collagen
206. Induction of cytokine production and proliferation of memory lymphocytes by murine liver dendritic cell progenitors: Role of these progenitors as immunogenic resident antigen-presenting cells in the liver
207. Antigen-presenting function and B7 expression of murine sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells
208. Maturation of rat dendritic cells during intrahepatic translocation evaluated using monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy
209. Macrophages, but not dendritic cells, accumulate colloidal carbon following administration in situ
210. FLT3 ligand induces the generation of functionally active dendritic cells in mice
211. Characterization of the tissue macrophage and the interstitial dendritic cell as distinct leukocytes normally resident in the connective tissue of rat heart
212. The surface phenotype of dendritic cells purified from mouse thymus and spleen: Investigation of the CD8 expression by a subpopulation of dendritic cells
213. Dendritic cell subtypes in mouse lymphoid organs: Cross-correlation of surface markers, changes with incubation, and differences among thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes
214. Three populations of mouse lymph node dendritic cells with different origins and dynamics
215. Developmental pathways of dendritic cells in vivo: Distinct function, phenotype, and localization of dendritic cell subsets in FLT3 ligand-treated mice
216. CD4 and CD8 expression by dendritic cell subtypes in mouse thymus and spleen
217. The dendritic cell populations of mouse lymph nodes
218. In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T-cell areas
219. - subclasses of dendritic cells direct the development of distinct T helper cells in vivo
220. Paralysis of dendritic cell IL-12 production by microbial products prevents infection-induced immunopathology
221. Evidence of functional lymphocytes in some (leaky) scid mice
222. CCR5 provides a signal for microbial induced production of IL-12 by CD8α+ dendritic cells
223. Differential production of IL-12, IFN-α, and IFN-y by mouse dendritic cell subsets
224. Cytokines regulate the capacity of CD8α+ and CD8α- dendritic cells to prime Th1/Th2 cells in vivo
225. Distinct dendritic cell subsets differentially regulate the class of immune response in vivo
226. Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development
227. Localization of distinct Peyer's patch dendritic cell subsets and their recruitment by chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α, MIP-3β, and secondary lymphoid organ chemokine
228. Heterogeneity of mouse spleen dendritic cells: In vivo phagocytic activity, expression of macrophage markers, and subpopulation turnover
229. Differential involvement of dendritic cell subsets during acute Salmonella infection
230. A subclass of dendritic cells regulates the response of naive CD8 T cells by limiting their IL-2 production
231. A subclass of dendritic cells kills CD4 T cells via Fas/Fas-ligand-induced apoptosis
232. Liver-derived DEC205+B220+CD19- dendritic cells regulate T-cell responses
233. The tissue distribution of the B7-2 costimulator in mice: Abundant expression on dendritic cells in situ and during maturation in vitro
234. Polyethylene glycol-modified GM-CSF expands CD11b(high)CD11c(high) but not CD11b(low)CD11c(high) murine dendritic cells in vivo: A comparative analysis with Flt3 ligand
235. The development, maturation, and turnover rate of mouse spleen dendritic cell populations
236. Intravenous soluble antigen is presented to CD4T cells by CD8(-) dendritic cells, but cross-presented to CD8 T cells by CD8(+) dendritic cells
237. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs
238. Salmonella-induced apoptosis of infected macrophages results in presentation of a bacteria-encoded antigen after uptake by bystander dendritic cells
239. Dendritic cells acquire antigens from live cells for cross-presentation to CTL
240. Identification of novel lymphoid tissues in murine intestinal mucosa where clusters of c-kit+ IL-7R+ Thy1+ lympho-hemopoietic progenitors develop
241. Gut cryptopatches: Direct evidence of extrathymic anatomical sites for intestinal T lymphopoiesis
242. Low level of mixing of partner cells seen in extrathymic T cells in the liver and intestine of parabiotic mice: Its biological implication
243. Interleukin 7 is produced by human intestinal epithelial cells and regulates the proliferation of intestinal mucosal lymphocytes
244. Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naive and memory CD8 T cells in vivo
245. IL-7 increases both thymic-dependent and thymic-independent T-cell regeneration after bone marrow transplantation
246. IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naive T cells
247. Ontogeny and development of extrathymic T cells in mouse liver
248. Evidence for extrathymic generation of intermediate T-cell receptor cells in the liver revealed in thymectomized, irradiated mice subjected to bone marrow transplantation
249. c-kit+ stem cells and thymocyte precursors in the livers of adult mice
250. Presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the adult liver
251. Extrathymic development of Vα14-positive T cells
252. Characterization of NK cells and extrathymic T cells generated in the liver of irradiated mice with a liver shield
253. Consistent infiltration of thymus-derived T cells into the parenchymal space of the liver in normal mice
254. Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo
255. Intra- and extra-thymic expression of the pre-T-cell receptor αgene
256. RAG1, RAG2 and pre-T-cell receptor alpha chain expression by adult human hepatic T cells: Evidence for extrathymic T-cell maturation
257. T cells expressing the αβ TCR in the liver
258. + cells expressing intermediate levels of the T-cell receptor in the liver and other immune organs
259. Restricted appearance of self-reactive clones into T-cell receptor intermediate cells in neonatally thymectomized mice with autoimmune disease
260. Self-reactive forbidden clones are confined to pathways of intermediate T-cell receptor cell differentiation even under immunosuppressive conditions
261. Characterization of γδ T-cell clones isolated from human fetal liver and thymus
262. Predominant appearance of γδ T lymphocytes in the liver of mice after birth
263. Enterocyte expression of interleukin 7 induces development of γδ T cells and Peyer's patches
264. The appearance of T cells bearing self-reactive T-cell receptor in the livers of mice injected with bacteria
265. Differentiation of forbidden T-cell clones and granulocytes in the parenchymal space of the liver in mice treated with estrogen
266. + lymphocytes reveals a major extrathymic pathway of T-cell differentiation
267. Age-dependent increase of extrathymic T cells in the liver and their appearance in the periphery of older mice
268. Estrogen administration activates extrathymic T-cell differentiation in the liver
269. Synchronous expansion of intermediate TCR cells in the liver and uterus during pregnancy
270. Activation by estrogen of the number and function of forbidden T-cell clones in intermediate T-cell receptor cells
271. Physiological dose of estrogen regulates extrathymic T cells in female mice
272. Lymphotoxin activates hepatic T cells and simultaneously induces profound thymic atrophy
273. Reciprocal T-cell responses in the liver and thymus of mice injected with syngeneic tumor cells
274. Elevation of activated γδ T-cell receptor bearing T lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease
275. Marked γδ T-cell decrease in peripheral blood of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
276. Elevation of γδ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and other autoimmune liver diseases
277. Extrathymic T cells stand at an intermediate phylogenetic position between natural killer cells and thymus-derived T cells
278. Liver tolerance
279. Prolonged survival of liver transplants in the pig
280. Observations of orthotopic liver transplantation in the pig
281. Toleragenic effects of porcine liver allografts
282. Immunosuppressive effects of the orthotopically transplanted porcine liver
283. Techniques for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat and some studies of the immunologic responses to fully allogeneic liver grafts
284. Fully allogeneic liver grafting in rats induces a state of systemic nonreactivity to donor transplantation antigens
285. Orthotopic rat liver transplantation after long-term preservation by continuous perfusion with fluorocarbon emulsion
286. Murine liver allograft transplantation: Tolerance and donor cell chimerism
287. Cellular immune response during rejection of a liver transplant in man
288. Immunopathological studies of orthotopic human liver allografts
289. Liver allograft rejection: An overview of morphologic findings
290. Detection of donor lymphocytes in human hepatic grafts with immune activation but no clinical rejection
291. Effect of donor irradiation or recipient interleukin-2 treatment on survival of spontaneously accepted rat liver allografts
292. Weaning of immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients
293. Interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 mediate distinct effector mechanisms of liver allograft rejection
294. Rejection of spontaneously accepted rat liver allografts with recipient interleukin-2 treatment or donor irradiation
295. CTLA4-Ig treatment prolongs rat orthotopic liver graft survival
296. Treatment with CTLA4-Ig inhibits rejection of liver allografts from FIt3-ligand-treated donors
297. The essential roles of parenchymal tissues and passenger leukocytes in the tolerance induced by liver grafting in rats
298. Apoptosis of graft-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells: A mechanism underlying "split tolerance" in mouse liver transplantation
299. Soluble HLA class I molecules induce apoptosis in alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes
300. Combined transplantation of liver and kidney from the same donor protects the kidney from rejection and improves kidney graft survival
301. Multiple organ grafts in the pig. Techniques and results of pancreatic, hepatic, cardiac, and renal allografts
302. Simultaneous liver and renal transplantation in man
303. Induction of tolerance to islet xenografts in a concordant rat-to-mouse model
304. Reduction of liver atrophy by intraportal syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation before portacaval shunt
305. Successful transfer of immune unresponsiveness to concordant rat islet xenografts
306. Induction of allogeneic islet survival by intrahepatic islet preimmunization and transient immunosuppression
307. The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity
308. Oral tolerance: Cytokine milieu in the gut and modulation of tolerance by cytokines
309. Induction of peripheral tolerance by portal vein administration of antigen
310. Intestinal venous drainage through the liver is a prerequisite for oral tolerance induction
311. The immune response in cirrhotic rats. The induction of tolerance to orally administered protein antigens
312. Immunological responses to fed protein antigens in mice. II. Oral tolerance for CMI is due to activation of cyclophosphamide-sensitive cells by gutprocessed antigen
313. Orally induced, peptide-specific γδ T cells suppress experimental autoimmune uveitis
314. γδ T cells regulate mucosally induced tolerance in a dose-dependent fashion
315. Lymphocytes from orally tolerized mice display enhanced susceptibility to death by apoptosis when cultured in the absence of antigen in vitro
316. High dose oral tolerance in ovalbumin TCR-transgenic mice: Systemic neutralization of IL-12 augments TGF-β secretion and T-cell apoptosis
317. Oral administration of myelin induces antigen-specific TGF-β1 secreting T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis
318. IL-4 is a differentiation factor for transforming growth factor-β secreting Th3 cells and oral administration of IL-4 enhances oral tolerance in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
319. Oral administration of schistosome egg antigens and insulin B-chain generates and enhances Th2-type responses in NOD mice
320. Normal induction of oral tolerance in the absence of a functional IL-12-dependent IFN-γ signaling pathway
321. Hepatic suppression of sensitization to antigen absorbed into the portal system
322. Studies on hepatic uptake of antigen. I. Comparison of inferior vena cava and portal vein routes of immunization
323. Studies on the induction of tolerance to alloantigens. I. The abrogation of potentials for delayed-type-hypersensitivity response to alloantigens by portal venous inoculation with allogeneic cells
324. Studies on the induction of tolerance to alloantigens. II. The generation of serum factor(s) able to transfer alloantigen-specific tolerance for delayed-type hypersensitivity by portal venous inoculation with allogeneic cells
325. Tolerance induction of alloreactivity by portal venous inoculation with allogeneic cells followed by the injection of cyclophosphamide. II. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance
326. Studies on the induction of tolerance to alloantigens. III. Induction of antibodies directed against alloantigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity T cells by a single injection of allogeneic lymphocytes via portal venous route
327. Intravenous and portal venous administration of modified donor antigen prolongs rat parathyroid allograft survival
328. The effects of perioperative portal venous inoculation with donor lymphocytes on renal allograft survival in the rat. II. Phenotypic and functional analyses of graft-infiltrating cells
329. Kupffer cell blockade prevents induction of portal venous tolerance in rat cardiac allograft transplantation
330. The effects of perioperative portal venous inoculation with donor lymphocytes on renal allograft survival in the rat. I. Specific prolongation of donor grafts and suppressor factor in the serum
331. Specific manipulation in vivo of immunity to skin grafts bearing multiple minor histocompatibility differences
332. Immunosuppression induced by hepatic portal venous immunization spares reactivity in IL-4 producing T lymphocytes
333. Impact of perioperative portal venous administration of donor lymphocytes on survival of rat cardiac allografts and renal grafts of the mongrel dog
334. The effect of portal venous tolerance on the survival of small bowel allografts in the rat
335. Differential effect of portal venous tolerance on survival of vascularized organ allografts
336. Schistosome eggs in the portal vein can induce tolerance
337. Inhibitory effects of portal venous injection of type II collagen in collagen-induced arthritis
338. Portal vein administration of donor cells promotes peripheral allospecific hyporesponsiveness and graft tolerance
339. Small bowel transplantation. The effect of intraportal donor-specific transfusion 24 hours pretransplant and low-dose cyclosporine
340. Analysis of cytokine production and Vβ T-cell receptor subsets in irradiated recipients receiving portal or peripheral venous reconstitution with allogeneic bone marrow cells, with or without additional anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies
341. Manipulation of xenogeneic skin and/or renal graft survival in the rat-mouse concordant combination by portal vein pretransplant transfusion
342. Regulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 synthesis in vivo, as well as continuous antigen exposure, is associated with tolerance to murine skin allografts
343. Interleukin 12 in combination with anti-interleukin 10 reverses graft prolongation after portal venous immunization
344. Tolerance after portal venous immunization is enhanced by anti-IFNγ and is maintained only with persistence of antigen
345. Interleukin-13, in combination with anti-interleukin-12, increases graft prolongation after portal venous immunization with cultured allogeneic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
346. Alterations in chemokine mRNA expression in animals receiving portal vein immunization and renal allo- or xenotransplantation precede altered
347. Induction of T-cell hyporesponsiveness by intrahepatic modulation of donor antigen-presenting cells
348. Synergy in induction of increased renal allograft survival after portal vein infusion of dendritic cells transduced to express TGFβ and IL-10, along with administration of CHO cells expressing the regulatory molecule OX-2
349. Fate of allogeneic or syngeneic cells in intravenous or portal vein injection: Possible explanation for the mechanism of tolerance induction by portal vein injection
350. Peripheral blood chimerism following human liver transplantation
351. Antigen presentation by murine splenic, but not hepatic, antigen-presenting cells to induce IL-2/IL-4 production from immune T cells is regulated by interactions between LFA-1/ICAM-1
352. Differential sensitivity to anti-LFA-1 inhibition of Th1 vs Th2 anti-minor histocompatibility antigen immune T cells after restimulation with antigen on hepatic or splenic APCs
353. A role for nonspecific (cyclosporin A) or specific (monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1, LFA-1, and IL-10) immunomodulation in the prolongation of skin allografts after antigen-specific pretransplant immunization or transfusion
354. A role for persisting antigen, antigen presentation, and ICAM-1 in increased renal graft survival after oral or portal vein donor-specific immunization
355. Kupffer cell blockade inhibits induction of tolerance by the portal venous route
356. Lymphocyte suppression by Kupffer cells prevents portal venous tolerance induction: A study of macrophage function after intravenous gadolinium
357. Lanthanide "blockade" of antigen-presenting cells suppresses lymphocyte proliferation by inducing nitric oxide synthesis
358. Role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in the regulation of allogeneic skin graft survival in mice after portal vein pretransplant transfusion
359. Portal venous transfusion up-regulates Kupffer cell cyclooxygenase activity: A mechanism of immunosuppression in organ transplantation
360. Allospecific suppressive effect of TCRαβ CD4-8- T cells in the livers of mice inoculated with allogeneic cells via the portal vein
361. Adoptive transfer of unresponsiveness to allogeneic skin grafts with hepatic γδ T cells
362. A subset of γδ T-cell receptor-positive cells produce T-helper type-2 cytokines and regulate mouse skin graft rejection following portal venous pretransplant preimmunization
363. γδ T hybridomas derived from mice preimmunized via the portal vein adoptively transfer increased skin allograft survival in vivo
364. The liver as a site of T-cell apoptosis: Graveyard, or killing field?
365. Selective retention of activated CD8+ T cells by the normal liver
366. Proliferation and apoptosis of B220+CD4-CD8-TCR αβ intermediate T cells in the liver of normal adult mice: Implication for lpr pathogenesis
367. Superantigen-driven peripheral deletion of T cells. Apoptosis occurs in cells that have lost the αβ T cell receptor
368. High frequency apoptosis of recent thymic emigrants in the liver of lymphopenic diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats
369. The liver eliminates T cells undergoing antigen-triggered apoptosis in vivo
370. Multiple sites of post-activation CD8+ T-cell disposal
371. Liver damage preferentially results from CD8+ T cells triggered by high affinity peptide antigens
372. Systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2 stimulates in vivo lymphoid cell proliferation in tissues
373. Electron microscopic observations on the accumulation of large granular lymphocytes (pit cells) and Kupffer cells in the liver of rats treated with continuous infusion of interleukin-2
374. A T cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice inducible by concanavalin A
375. The clearance of apoptotic cells in the liver is mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor
376. Inflammatory cytokines up-regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and T-lymphocyte adhesion
377. CD44-deficient mice exhibit enhanced hepatitis after concanavalin a injection: Evidence for involvement of CD44 in activation-induced cell death
378. Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF
379. C-reactive protein binds to apoptotic cells, protects the cells from assembly of the terminal complement components, and sustains an antiinflammatory innate immune response. Implications for systemic autoimmunity
380. The induction of tolerance by dendritic cells that have captured apoptotic cells
381. TGF-β released by apoptotic T cells contributes to an immunosuppressive milieu
382. A naturally occurring soluble isoform of murine Fas generated by alternative splicing
383. The fas antigen is involved in peripheral but not thymic deletion of T lymphocytes in T-cell receptor transgenic mice
384. The roles of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in antigen-induced programmed cell death in T-cell receptor transgenic mice
385. Strange brew: T cells in the liver
386. Differential T-cell function and fate in lymph node and nonlymphoid tissues
387. Can we apply the TH1-TH2 paradigm to all lymphocytes?
388. Certified professionals: CD4(+) CD25(+) suppressor T cells
389. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis
390. Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue