Drug transporters in the central nervous system: Brain barriers and brain parenchyma considerations

Pharmacological Reviews

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 569-596

  Lee, G ^a   Dallas, S ^a   Hong, M ^a   Bendayan, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCOPROTEIN P; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ASTROCYTE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN FUNCTION; CATION TRANSPORT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHOROID PLEXUS; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG TRANSPORT; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMANS; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; NEUROGLIA; NEURONS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS;

EID: 0035212257     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

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102. + antiport in cardiac cells, skeletal muscle cells, neuronal cells, and glial cells
103. Introduction to tissue culture
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119. Subcellular localization of cytochrome P450, and activities of several enzymes responsible for drug metabolism in the human brain
120. Cimetidine transport in isolated luminal membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney
121. Enhancement of pertussistoxin-sensitive Na(+)-dependent uridine transporter activity in HL-60 granulocytes by. N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
122. P-glycoprotein on astrocyte foot processes of unfixed isolated human brain capillaries
123. Induction of basic fibroblast growth factor in Alzheimer's disease pathology
124. Cloning and characterization of two human polyspecific organic cation transporters
125. Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 area following transient forbrain ischemia
126. Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs
127. Molecular cloning and characterization of a nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter from human placenta
128. The entry of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs into the central nervous system
129. Mammalian multidrug resistance gene; complete cDNA sequence indicates strong homology to bacterial transport proteins
130. 1 cells
131. Drug excretion mediated by a new prototype of polyspecific transporter
132. Characterization of inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant adenosine transporters in cultured human fetal astrocytes
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135. Phosphorylation of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 glycoprotein specific to multidrug-resistant tumor cells: Effects of verapamil, trifluoperazine, and phorbol esters
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137. Observations on the living developing nerve fiber
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139. Functional studies in cultured astrocytes
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158. The multidrug resistance protein 5 functions as an ATP-dependent export pump for cyclic nucleotides
159. Transport of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates by the MRP geneencoded conjugate export pump
160. High levels of P-glycoprotein detected in isolated brain capillaries
161. Inwardly rectifying K+ channels and volume-regulated anion channels in multidrug-resistant small cell lung cancer cells
162. The choroid plexus-arachnoid membrane-cerebrospinal fluid system
163. Co-transport of sodium and chloride by the adult mammalian choroid plexus
164. Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in rat brain neurons and glia
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168. A splice mutation in the human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter gene causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome
169. Selective brain to blood efflux transport of para-aminohippuric acid across the blood-brain barrier: In vivo evidence by use of the brain efflux index method
170. Immunohistochemical distribution and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2)
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173. Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter
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175. Cloning and functional characterization of a potential-sensitive, polyspecific organic cation transporter (OCT3) most abundantly expressed in placenta
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177. Hepatic canalicular membrane 5: Expression and localization of the conjugate export pump encoded by the MRP2 (cMRP/cMOAT) gene in liver
178. On the characteristics of actinomycin D resistance in L5178Y cells
179. The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors
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181. Voltage-gated proton currents in microglia of distinct morphology and functional state
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185. Characterization of the human multidrug resistance protein isoform MRP3 localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane
186. Expression of human MRP6, a homologue of the multidrug resistance protein gene MRP1, in tissues and cancer cells
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188. Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia
189. Molecular and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide cloned from human liver
190. Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain
191. Characterization of efflux transport of organic anions in a mouse brain capillary endothelial cell line
192. Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a mouse renal organic anion transporter in mammalian cells
193. + antiport mechanism for thiamine entry into brush border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine
194. Transport of choline out of the cranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the rabbit
195. Astroglial-induced in vitro angiogenesis: Requirements for RNA and protein synthesis
196. Multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene
197. Cerebral and pial microvessels: Differential expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase
198. Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal mouse brain
199. HIV-1 protease inhibitors are substrates for the MDR1 multidrug transporter
200. +-dependent uridine transport in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles
201. Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate activates a Na(+)-dependent uridine-transport system. Involvement of protein kinase C
202. Functional expression of P-glycoprotein in rat brain microglia
203. ATP-dependent glutathione disulphide transport mediated by the MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump
204. The MRP gene encodes an ATP-dependent export pump for leukotriene C4 and structurally related conjugates
205. Identification of glutathione as a driving force and leukotriene C4 as a substrate for oatp1, the hepatic sinusoidal organic solute transporter
206. Evidence that glutamate mediates axon-2-schwann cell signaling in the squid
207. The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: A historical review and current concepts
208. Multidrug resistance: Molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance
209. ATP-dependent 17β-estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide) transport by multidrug resistance protein (MRP)
210. Multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated transport of leukotriene C4 and chemotherapeutic agents in membrane vesicles
211. Characterization of vincristine transport by the M(r) 190,000 multidrug resistance protein (MRP): Evidence for cotransport with reduced glutathione
212. ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its glutathione conjugates by the product of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene
213. Molecular cloning and characterization of NKT, a gene product related to the organic cation transporter family that is almost exclusively expressed in the kidney
214. Glutamate transporter Glt-1 is highly expressed in activated microglia following facial nerve axotomy
215. Transport of salicylic acid by the choroid plexus in vitro
216. Disruption of the murine MRP (multidrug resistance protein) gene leads to increased sensitivity to etoposide (VP-16) and increased levels of glutathione
217. Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: Narrow substrate specificity and regulation by protein kinase C
218. Production of hemopoietic colony stimulating-factors by astrocytes
219. Transport of small organic cations in the rat liver: The role of the organic cation transporter OCT1
220. In vitro and in vivo transport of zidovudine (AZT) across the blood-brain barrier and the effect of transport inhibitors
221. Cloning and functional characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter, OAT-K2, in rat kidney
222. mRNA distribution and membrane localization of the OAT-K1 organic anion transporter in rat renal tubules
223. Substantial excretion of digoxin via the intestinal mucosa and prevention of long-term digoxin accumulation in the brain by the mdr 1a Pglycoprotein
224. The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebrospinal fluid beta 2-microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
225. Mechanisms of cell death in Alzheimer disease-immunopathology
226. Effects of transformation by v-fps on nucleoside transport in Rat-2 fibroblasts
227. CSF-1 stimulates nucleoside transport in S1 macrophages
228. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic bile salt transport from sinusoidal blood into bile
229. Substrate specificity of sinusoidal bile acid and organic anion uptake systems in rat and human liver
230. Phosphorylation of the multidrug resistance associated glycoprotein
231. Blood-brain barrier characteristic enzymatic properties in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells
232. The susceptibility of cerebral endothelial cells to astroglial induction of blood-brain barrier enzymes depends on their proliferative state
233. Xenobiotic transport across isolated brain microvessels studied by confocal microscopy
234. Transport of organic cations and anions by choroid plexus
235. In vitro interaction of astrocytes and pericytes with capillary-like structures of brain microvessel endothelium
236. Potential mechanisms of the age-related changes in the bloodbrain barrier
237. Kidney-specific expression of a novel mouse organic cation transporter-like protein
238. A study of the expression of four chemoresistance-related genes in human primary and metastatic brain tumours
239. Molecular aspects of hepatobiliary transport
240. Characteristics of choline transport across the blood brain in mice: Correlation with in vitro data
241. Entry, dispersion and differentiation of microglia in the developing nervous system
242. Application of steady-state kinetics to studies of the transfer of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from brain to plasma
243. Transepithelial transport of organic anions across the choroid plexus: Possible involvement of organic anion transporter and multidrug resistance-associated protein
244. Ampa-kainate subtypes of glutamate receptor in rat cerebral microglia
245. Isolation of a multispecific organic anion and cardiac glycoside transporter from rat brain
246. Inhibitors of MRPl-mediated multidrug resistance
247. Glutathione and related enzymes in multidrug resistance
248. cDNA cloning and functional expression of a novel rat kidney organic cation transporter, OCT2
249. Measurement of radiolabeled substances using a tritiated water internal standard
250. A light- and electron-microscopic study of GluR4-positive cells in cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter and corpus callosum of neonatal, immature and adult rats
251. Active transport of Diodrast and phenol-sulfonphthalein from cerebrospinal fluid to blood
252. Drug delivery to the brain
253. Blood-brain barrier biology and methodology
254. Molecular cloning and regulation of gene expression of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter
255. Quantitative approaches to in vivo brain microdialysis
256. Transport of nucleoside drugs in animal cells
257. Blood-brain transport of thiamine monophosphate in the rat: A kinetic study in vivo
258. A mutation in the human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter gene causes the Dubin-Johnson syndrome
259. Astrocyte glutamate receptor activation promotes inositol phospholipid turnover and calcium flux
260. Equal inhibition of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in human T-cell culture by ddA bis (SATE) phosphotriester and 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine
261. Distribution of cytochrome P450 activities towards alkoxyresorufin derivatives in rat brain regions, subcellular fractions and isolated cerebral microvessles
262. Macrophages and the nervous system
263. The neuroglia cells
264. +-dependant, active nucleoside transport in rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages, a mouse macrophage cell line and normal rat kidney cells
265. Permeation of nucleosides, nucleic acid bases and nucleotides in animal cells
266. Nucleoside and nucleobase transport in animal cells
267. Specific interaction of 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl) amiloride with the organic cation-proton antiporter in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles. Transport and binding
268. Accumulation of anionic pesticides by rabbit choroid plexus in vitro
269. Coupled transport of p-aminohippurate by rat basolateral membrane vesicles
270. Rat renal cortical slices demonstrate p-aminohippurate/glutarate exchange and sodium/glutarate coupled p-aminohippurate transport
271. Mechanism of organic anion transport across the apical membrane of choroid plexus
272. Mechanisms mediating renal secretion of organic anions and cations
273. Localization of sodium pumps in the choroid plexus epithelium
274. Brain permeability of water
275. 15O-labeled water
276. Neuroglial activation repertoire in the injured brain: Graded response, molecular mechanisms and cues to physiological function
277. Principles of neural cell migration
278. Choroid plexus epithelial expression of MDR1 P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein contribute to the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid drug-permeability barrier
279. New insights into the biology and pharmacology of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) from gene knockout models
280. Evidence that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) functions as a co-transporter of glutathione and natural product toxins
281. The SIV-infected rhesus monkey model for HIV-associated dementia and implications for neurological diseases
282. Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase
283. Mrpl multidrug resistance-associated protein and P-glycoprotein expression in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells
284. Dexamethasone regulation of P-glycoprotein activity in an immortalized rat brain endothelial cell line, GPNT
285. Renal tubule transport of organic cations
286. Microglia progenitor cells: A subpopulation in cultures of mouse neepallial astroglia
287. Transport of macromolecules across microvascular walls: The two-pore theory
288. +/nucleoside cotransporter (hCNT2) selective for purine nucleosides and uridine
289. Phospholipid flippase activity of the reconstituted P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter
290. Isolation of human mdr DNA sequences amplified in multidrug-resistant KB carcinoma cells
291. Multidrug resistance: Molecular biology and clinical relevance
292. Transport of methotrexate by the choroid plexus
293. Phosphatidylcholine translocase: A physiological role for the mdr2 gene
294. Carriermediated transport system for choline and its related quaternary ammonium compounds on rat intestinal brush-border membrane
295. Nucleotide metabolism in rat brain
296. Barrier mechanisms in the brain. I. Adult brain
297. Choline uptake by mouse brain capillary endothelial cells in culture
298. Rapid efflux of some quaternary ammonium compounds
299. Expression of the conjugate export pump encoded by the mrp2 gene in the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubules
300. Monocytes become macrophages: They do not become microglia. A light and electron microscopic autoradiographic study using 125-iododeoxyuridine
301. The physiological function of drug-transporting P-glycoproteins
302. Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs
303. P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs
304. Absence of the mdr1a P-glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokineties of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A
305. Properties of K+ and Cl- channels and their involvement in proliferation of rat microglia cells
306. MRP4: A previously unidentified factor in resistance to nucleoside-based antiviral drugs
307. The Lx1 gene maps to mouse chromosome 17 and codes for a protein that is homologous to glucose and polyspecific transmembrane transporters
308. Excitatory amino acid transporters: A family in flux
309. Multidrug resistance-related transport proteins in isolated human brain microvessels and in cells cultured from these isolates
310. The choroid plexuses and the barriers between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid
311. The multispecific organic anion transporter (OAT) family
312. Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver
313. Expression cloning and characterization of a novel multispecific organic anion transporter
314. Uptake and release of taurine - An overview
315. The P-glycoprotein efflux pump: How does it transport drugs?
316. + of p-aminohippuric acid uptake into rat renal basolateral membrane vesicles
317. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel liver-specific transport protein
318. Purine uptake and release in rat C6 glioma cells: Nucleoside transport and purine metabolism under ATP-depleting conditions
319. Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 P-glycoprotein expressed in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line LLCPK1
320. Kinetic analysis of L-leucine transport across the blood-brain barrier
321. Inhibition by pertussis toxin of the activation of Na(+)-dependent uridine transport in dimethylsulphoxide-induced HL-60 leukaemia cells
322. Vitamin homeostasis in the central nervous system
323. Thymidine transport in the central nervous system
324. Nucleoside transport in choroid plexus: Mechanism and specificity
325. Uridine transport and metabolism of cytosine arabinoside in the central nervous system
326. Ceftriaxone transport through the blood-brain barrier
327. Transport of amantadine and rimantadine through the blood-brain barrier
328. Drug transport in the central nervous system: Role of carriers
329. Localization and mechanism of thymidine transport in the central nervous system
330. Deoxycytidine transport and metabolism in the central nervous system
331. The mammalian choroid plexus
332. Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors serve as substrates for multidrug transporter proteins MDR1 and MRP1 but retain antiviral efficiency in cell lines expressing these transporters
333. Functional plasticity of microglia: A review
334. Localization of a substrate specificity domain in the multidrug resistance protein
335. Specialized localization of P-glycoprotein recognized by MRK16 monoclonal antibody in endothelial cells of the brain and spinal cord
336. Kinetic and biochemical analysis of carrier-mediated efflux of drugs through the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: Importance in the drug delivery to the brain
337. Metabolism of deoxyuridine in rabbit brain
338. Saturable transport of cimetidine from cerebrospinal fluid to blood in rats
339. Transport of cimetidine by the rat choroid plexus in vitro
340. Anion exchanger mediates benzylpenicillin transport in rat choroid plexus
341. Efflux of cimetidine from the rat cerebrospinal fluid
342. Excretion of GSSG and glutathione conjugates mediated by MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2
343. Role of efflux transport across the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier on the disposition of xenobiotics in the central nervous system
344. Localization of an organic anion transporter-GFP fusion construct (rROAT1-GFP) in intact proximal tubules
345. Expression cloning and characterization of ROAT1. The basolateral organic anion transporter in rat kidney
346. An in situ brain perfusian technique to study cerebrovascular transport in the rat
347. Transport properties of 3′-azido3′-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine in the rat choroid plexus
348. In vivo evidence for carrier-mediated efflux transport of 3′-azido-3-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′dideoxyinosine across the blood-brain barrier via a probenecid-sensitive transport system
349. Molecular and functional identification of a sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2
350. Transporter-mediated permeation of drugs across the blood-brain barrier
351. Cloning and characterization of a novel human pH-dependent organic cation transporter, OCTN1
352. Microglial ramification requires nondiffusable factors derived from astrocytes
353. Tight junctions of brain endothelium in vitro are enhanced by astroglia
354. Functional involvement of P-glycoprotein in blood-brain barrier
355. Antioxidant enzymes and related trace elements in aging brain capillaries and choroid plexus
356. Restricted transport of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and
357. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a rabbit renal organic cation transporter
358. Adenosine transport by primary cultures of neurons from chick embryo brains
359. A chronicle of microglial ontogeny
360. Cellular localization of the multidrug-resistance gene product P-glycoprotein in normal human tissues
361. Immunohistochemical localization in normal tissues of different epitopes in the multidrug transport protein P170: Evidence for localization in brain capillaries and crossreactivity of one antibody with a muscle protein
362. Quantification of efflux into the blood and brain of intraventricularly perfused [3H]-thymidine in the anaesthetized rabbit
363. Identification of a saturable uptake system for deoxyribonucleosides at the blood brain and blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers
364. Saturation kinetics, specificity and NBMPR sensitivity of thyramidine entry into the central nervous system
365. Brain macrophages: Evaluation of microglia and their functions
366. Active transport of quaternary ammonium compounds by the choroid plexus in vitro
367. Transport of serotonin and norepinephrine by the rabbit choroid plexus in vitro
368. Mechanisms of selective neuronal cell death due to thiamine deficiency
369. Genomic structure of the canalicular multispecific organic anion-transporter gene (MRP2/cMOAT) and mutations in the ATP-binding-cassette region in Dubin-Johnson syndrome
370. Pyrimidine biosynthesis and its regulation in the developing rat brain
371. P-glycoprotein as the drug efflux pump in primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells
372. Isolation and sequence of the promoter region of the human multidrug-resistance (P-glycoprotein) gene
373. How does P-glycoprotein recognize its substrates?
374. Specificity of transporters for organic anions and organic cations in the kidney
375. 3, pH; inhibition by aliphatic primary, secondary and tertiary amines and mono- and bisquaternary compounds
376. Renal transport mechanisms for xenobiotics: Chemicals and drugs
377. Multiple conductance channels in type-2- cerebellar astrocytes activated by excitatory amino acids
378. The functional role of P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier
379. The unit impulse response procedure for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of drug entry into the central nervous system
380. Drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. II. Experimental techniques to study drug transport
381. Cell junctions in the endothelia and connective tissue of the rat choroid plexus
382. Glucose transporter proteins in brain: Delivery of glucose to neurons and glia
383. Ion channels in glial cells
384. Sodium-dependent nucleoside transport in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Two transport systems with differing substrate specificities
385. Functional characterization of choroid plexus epithelial cells in primary culture
386. Choline uptake across the ventricular membrane of neonate rat choroid plexus
387. Mapping of phenytoin-inducible cytochrome P450 immunoreactivity in the mouse central nervous system
388. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of blood-brain barrier endothelia
389. Oral absorption of anti-acquired immune deficiency syndrome nucleoside analogues. 2. Carrier-mediated intestinal transport of stavudine in rat and rabbit preparations
390. Mutations in the canilicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) gene, a novel ABC transporter, in patients with hyperbilirubinemia II/Dubin-Johnson syndrome
391. Neuronal death and survival in two models of hypoxicischemic brain damage
392. Controversy surrounding the existence of discrete functional classes of astrocytes in adult gray matter
393. Functional and molecular characteristics of Na+-dependent nucleoside transporters
394. Na(+)-dependent purine nucleoside transporter from human kidney: Cloning and functional characterization
395. Mechanisms of nucleobase transport in rabbit choroid plexus
396. Methods to study drug transport in isolated choroid plexus tissue and cultured cells
397. Cimetidine transport in isolated brush border membrane vesicles from bovine choroid plexus
398. Multidrug-resistance protein 5 is a multispecific organic anion transporter able to transport nucleotide analogs
399. Characterization of sodium-dependent and sodium-independent nucleoside transport systems in rabbit brush-border and basolateral plasma-membrane vesicles from the outer renal cortex
400. Multiple sodium-dependent nucleoside transport systems in bovine renal brush-border membrane vesicles
401. Nucleoside transporter of pig erythrocytes. Kinetic properties, isolation and reaction with nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole
402. Distributional transport kinetics of zidovudine between plasma and brain extracellular fluid/cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit: Investigation of the inhibitory effect of probenecid utilizing microdialysis
403. A choline transporter in renal brushborder membrane vesicles: Energetics and structural specificity
404. + exchanger of rabbit renal brush border membranes
405. Further characterization of the sodium-dependent nucleoside transporter (N3) in choroid plexus from rabbit
406. Formycin B elimination from the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat
407. 2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain
408. cDNA sequence, transport function, and genomic organization of human OCTN2, a new member of the organic cation transporter family
409. Sodium-dependent nucleoside transport in choroid plexus from rabbit. Evidence for a single transporter for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides
410. HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products affect neuronal physiology leading to cellular demise: Relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia
411. Transport of the antiviral nucleoside analogs 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine by a recombinant nucleoside transporter (rCNT) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes
412. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from rat tissues
413. Guanidine transport in a human choriocarcinoma cell line (JAR)
414. Role of organic cation transporters in drug absorption and elimination
415. Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter
416. Expression of various multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) homologues in brain microvessel endothelial cells
417. Primary culture of choroidal epithelialcells: Characterization of an in vitro model of blood-CSF barrier