메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue SEP, 2015, Pages

A tale from TGF-β superfamily for thymus ontogeny and function

Author keywords

TGF , BMP, thymus, thymopoiesis, T cell development

Indexed keywords

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 4; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR7; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR9; CLAUDIN 3; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; CYTOKERATIN 5; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 17; KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; NOGGIN; OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN 1; RAG2 PROTEIN; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; WNT4 PROTEIN; YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN;

EID: 84946565915     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16643224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00442     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (221)
  • 1
    • 72849115174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures
    • Flajnik MF, Kasahara M. Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures. Nat Rev Genet (2010) 11:47-59. doi:10.1038/nrg2703.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Genet , vol.11 , pp. 47-59
    • Flajnik, M.F.1    Kasahara, M.2
  • 2
    • 84924601466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymus medulla fosters generation of natural Treg cells, invariant γδ T cells, and invariant NKT cells: what we learn from intrathymic migration
    • Cowan JE, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Thymus medulla fosters generation of natural Treg cells, invariant γδ T cells, and invariant NKT cells: what we learn from intrathymic migration. Eur J Immunol (2015) 45:652-60. doi:10.1002/eji.201445108.
    • (2015) Eur J Immunol , vol.45 , pp. 652-660
    • Cowan, J.E.1    Jenkinson, W.E.2    Anderson, G.3
  • 3
    • 12144288429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role for Kit-mediated Src kinase but not PI 3-kinase signaling in pro T and pro B cell development
    • Agosti V, Corbacioglu S, Ehlers I, Waskow C, Sommer G, Berrozpe G, et al. Critical role for Kit-mediated Src kinase but not PI 3-kinase signaling in pro T and pro B cell development. J Exp Med (2004) 199:867-78. doi:10.1084/jem.20031983.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.199 , pp. 867-878
    • Agosti, V.1    Corbacioglu, S.2    Ehlers, I.3    Waskow, C.4    Sommer, G.5    Berrozpe, G.6
  • 4
    • 7244251615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flt3 ligand enhances thymic-dependent and thymic-independent immune reconstitution
    • Fry TJ, Sinha M, Milliron M, Chu YW, Kapoor V, Gress RE, et al. Flt3 ligand enhances thymic-dependent and thymic-independent immune reconstitution. Blood (2004) 104:2794-800. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-11-3789.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 2794-2800
    • Fry, T.J.1    Sinha, M.2    Milliron, M.3    Chu, Y.W.4    Kapoor, V.5    Gress, R.E.6
  • 5
    • 33847103659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy of Notch-Delta interactions promoting T cell lineage commitment and maturation
    • Besseyrias V, Fiorini E, Strobl LJ, Zimber-strobl U, Dumortier A, Koch U, et al. Hierarchy of Notch-Delta interactions promoting T cell lineage commitment and maturation. J Exp Med (2007) 204:331-43. doi:10.1084/jem.20061442.
    • (2007) J Exp Med , vol.204 , pp. 331-343
    • Besseyrias, V.1    Fiorini, E.2    Strobl, L.J.3    Zimber-strobl, U.4    Dumortier, A.5    Koch, U.6
  • 6
    • 67649975886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch ligands potentiate IL-7-driven proliferation and survival of human thymocyte precursors
    • Magri M, Yatim A, Benne C, Balbo M, Henry A, Serraf A, et al. Notch ligands potentiate IL-7-driven proliferation and survival of human thymocyte precursors. Eur J Immunol (2009) 39:1231-40. doi:10.1002/eji.200838765.
    • (2009) Eur J Immunol , vol.39 , pp. 1231-1240
    • Magri, M.1    Yatim, A.2    Benne, C.3    Balbo, M.4    Henry, A.5    Serraf, A.6
  • 7
    • 34247882592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoned out: functional mapping of stromal signaling microenvironments in the thymus
    • Petrie HT, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Zoned out: functional mapping of stromal signaling microenvironments in the thymus. Annu Rev Immunol (2007) 25:649-79. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115715.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 649-679
    • Petrie, H.T.1    Zúñiga-Pflücker, J.C.2
  • 8
    • 34250019537 scopus 로고
    • Bone: formation by autoinduction
    • Urist MR. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science (1965) 150:893-9. doi:10.1126/science.150.3698.893.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 893-899
    • Urist, M.R.1
  • 9
    • 0000201238 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors from murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells
    • De Larco JE, Todaro GJ. Growth factors from murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 75:4001-5. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.4001.
    • (1978) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.75 , pp. 4001-4005
    • De Larco, J.E.1    Todaro, G.J.2
  • 10
    • 0019303558 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factors: isolation of polypeptides from virally and chemically transformed cells by acid/ethanol extraction
    • Roberts AB, Lamb LC, Newton DL, Sporn MB, De Larco JE, Todaro GJ. Transforming growth factors: isolation of polypeptides from virally and chemically transformed cells by acid/ethanol extraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 77:3494-8. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.6.3494.
    • (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.77 , pp. 3494-3498
    • Roberts, A.B.1    Lamb, L.C.2    Newton, D.L.3    Sporn, M.B.4    De Larco, J.E.5    Todaro, G.J.6
  • 11
    • 0001524719 scopus 로고
    • Purification and initial characterization of a type beta transforming growth factor from human placenta
    • Frolik CA, Dart LL, Meyers CA, Smith DM, Sporn MB. Purification and initial characterization of a type beta transforming growth factor from human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 80:3676-80. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.12.3676.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.80 , pp. 3676-3680
    • Frolik, C.A.1    Dart, L.L.2    Meyers, C.A.3    Smith, D.M.4    Sporn, M.B.5
  • 12
    • 84885064365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling by the TGFβ superfamily
    • Wrana JL. Signaling by the TGFβ superfamily. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2013) 5:a011197. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011197.
    • (2013) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol , vol.5
    • Wrana, J.L.1
  • 13
    • 84904470397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of TGFβ and related signals by precursor processing
    • Constam DB. Regulation of TGFβ and related signals by precursor processing. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2014) 32:85-97. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.008.
    • (2014) Semin Cell Dev Biol , vol.32 , pp. 85-97
    • Constam, D.B.1
  • 14
    • 6344272882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavages within the prodomain direct intracellular trafficking and degradation of mature bone morphogenetic protein-4
    • Degnin C, Jean F, Thomas G, Christian JL. Cleavages within the prodomain direct intracellular trafficking and degradation of mature bone morphogenetic protein-4. Mol Biol Cell (2004) 15:5012-20. doi:10.1091/mbc. E04-08-0673.
    • (2004) Mol Biol Cell , vol.15 , pp. 5012-5020
    • Degnin, C.1    Jean, F.2    Thomas, G.3    Christian, J.L.4
  • 15
    • 70350446976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-specific cleavage of BMP4 by furin, PC6, and PC7
    • Nelsen SM, Christian JL. Site-specific cleavage of BMP4 by furin, PC6, and PC7. J Biol Chem (2009) 284:27157-66. doi:10.1074/jbc. M109.028506.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 27157-27166
    • Nelsen, S.M.1    Christian, J.L.2
  • 16
    • 78649541528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic over-expression of growth differentiation factor 11 propeptide in skeleton results in transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra
    • Li Z, Kawasumi M, Zhao B, Moisyadi S, Yang J. Transgenic over-expression of growth differentiation factor 11 propeptide in skeleton results in transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra. Mol Reprod Dev (2010) 77(11):990-7. doi:10.1002/mrd.21252.
    • (2010) Mol Reprod Dev , vol.77 , Issue.11 , pp. 990-997
    • Li, Z.1    Kawasumi, M.2    Zhao, B.3    Moisyadi, S.4    Yang, J.5
  • 18
    • 0030911104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TGF-β family mediator Smad1 is phosphorylated directly and activated functionally by the BMP receptor kinase
    • Kretzschmar M, Liu F, Hata A, Doody J, Massagué J. The TGF-β family mediator Smad1 is phosphorylated directly and activated functionally by the BMP receptor kinase. Genes Dev (1997) 11:984-95. doi:10.1101/gad.11.8.984.
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 984-995
    • Kretzschmar, M.1    Liu, F.2    Hata, A.3    Doody, J.4    Massagué, J.5
  • 19
    • 33646562542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The logic of TGFβ signaling
    • Massagué J, Gomis RR. The logic of TGFβ signaling. FEBS Lett (2006) 580:2811-20. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.033.
    • (2006) FEBS Lett , vol.580 , pp. 2811-2820
    • Massagué, J.1    Gomis, R.R.2
  • 20
    • 84862762318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuity and specificity in BMP receptor activation
    • Mueller TD, Nickel J. Promiscuity and specificity in BMP receptor activation. FEBS Lett (2012) 586:1846-59. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.043.
    • (2012) FEBS Lett , vol.586 , pp. 1846-1859
    • Mueller, T.D.1    Nickel, J.2
  • 21
    • 0027328191 scopus 로고
    • Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity
    • Ten Dijke P, Ichijo H, Franzén P, Schulz P, Saras J, Toyoshima H, et al. Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogene (1993) 8:2879-87.
    • (1993) Oncogene , vol.8 , pp. 2879-2887
    • Ten Dijke, P.1    Ichijo, H.2    Franzén, P.3    Schulz, P.4    Saras, J.5    Toyoshima, H.6
  • 22
    • 0034614708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation
    • Wu G, Chen YG, Ozdamar B, Gyuricza CA, Chong PA, Wrana JL, et al. Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation. Science (2000) 287:92-7. doi:10.1126/science.287.5450.92.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 92-97
    • Wu, G.1    Chen, Y.G.2    Ozdamar, B.3    Gyuricza, C.A.4    Chong, P.A.5    Wrana, J.L.6
  • 23
    • 0032483544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of a Smad MH1 domain bound to DNA: insights on DNA binding in TGF-beta signaling
    • Shi Y, Wang YF, Jayaraman L, Yang H, Massagué J, Pavletich NP. Crystal structure of a Smad MH1 domain bound to DNA: insights on DNA binding in TGF-beta signaling. Cell (1998) 94:585-94. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81600-1.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.94 , pp. 585-594
    • Shi, Y.1    Wang, Y.F.2    Jayaraman, L.3    Yang, H.4    Massagué, J.5    Pavletich, N.P.6
  • 24
    • 0032014216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Smad3 and Smad4 are sequence-specific transcription activators
    • Zawel L, Dai JL, Buckhaults P, Zhou S, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, et al. Human Smad3 and Smad4 are sequence-specific transcription activators. Mol Cell (1998) 1:611-7. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80061-1.
    • (1998) Mol Cell , vol.1 , pp. 611-617
    • Zawel, L.1    Dai, J.L.2    Buckhaults, P.3    Zhou, S.4    Kinzler, K.W.5    Vogelstein, B.6
  • 25
    • 61749089824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and analysis of MH1 domain of Smads and their interaction with promoter DNA sequence motif
    • Makkar P, Metpally RPR, Sangadala S, Reddy BVB. Modeling and analysis of MH1 domain of Smads and their interaction with promoter DNA sequence motif. J Mol Graph Model (2009) 27:803-12. doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.12.003.
    • (2009) J Mol Graph Model , vol.27 , pp. 803-812
    • Makkar, P.1    Metpally, R.P.R.2    Sangadala, S.3    Reddy, B.V.B.4
  • 26
    • 0037455715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extended bipartite nuclear localization signal in Smad4 is required for its nuclear import and transcriptional activity
    • Xiao Z, Latek R, Lodish HF. An extended bipartite nuclear localization signal in Smad4 is required for its nuclear import and transcriptional activity. Oncogene (2003) 22:1057-69. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206212.
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 1057-1069
    • Xiao, Z.1    Latek, R.2    Lodish, H.F.3
  • 27
    • 4444250157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of heteromeric smad protein assembly in TGF-beta signaling
    • Chacko BM, Qin BY, Tiwari A, Shi G, Lam S, Hayward LJ, et al. Structural basis of heteromeric smad protein assembly in TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cell (2004) 15:813-23. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.07.016.
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.15 , pp. 813-823
    • Chacko, B.M.1    Qin, B.Y.2    Tiwari, A.3    Shi, G.4    Lam, S.5    Hayward, L.J.6
  • 29
    • 77955595975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific nucleoporin requirement for Smad nuclear translocation
    • Chen X, Xu L. Specific nucleoporin requirement for Smad nuclear translocation. Mol Cell Biol (2010) 30:4022-34. doi:10.1128/MCB.00124-10.
    • (2010) Mol Cell Biol , vol.30 , pp. 4022-4034
    • Chen, X.1    Xu, L.2
  • 30
    • 84921797642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Components and regulation of nuclear transport processes
    • Cautain B, Hill R, de Pedro N, Link W. Components and regulation of nuclear transport processes. FEBS J (2015) 282:445-62. doi:10.1111/febs.13163.
    • (2015) FEBS J , vol.282 , pp. 445-462
    • Cautain, B.1    Hill, R.2    de Pedro, N.3    Link, W.4
  • 32
    • 39049121312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the Smads regulate transcription
    • Ross S, Hill CS. How the Smads regulate transcription. Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2008) 40:383-408. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.09.006.
    • (2008) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.40 , pp. 383-408
    • Ross, S.1    Hill, C.S.2
  • 33
    • 0038682002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus
    • Shi Y, Massagué J. Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell (2003) 113:685-700. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00432-X.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.113 , pp. 685-700
    • Shi, Y.1    Massagué, J.2
  • 35
    • 0035842885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The N domain of Smad7 is essential for specific inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling
    • Hanyu A, Ishidou Y, Ebisawa T, Shimanuki T, Imamura T, Miyazono K. The N domain of Smad7 is essential for specific inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Cell Biol (2001) 155:1017-27. doi:10.1083/jcb.200106023.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol , vol.155 , pp. 1017-1027
    • Hanyu, A.1    Ishidou, Y.2    Ebisawa, T.3    Shimanuki, T.4    Imamura, T.5    Miyazono, K.6
  • 36
    • 0034517389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad7 binds to Smurf2 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the TGFβ receptor for degradation
    • Kavsak P, Rasmussen RK, Causing CG, Bonni S, Zhu H, Thomsen GH, et al. Smad7 binds to Smurf2 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the TGFβ receptor for degradation. Mol Cell (2000) 6:1365-75. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00134-9.
    • (2000) Mol Cell , vol.6 , pp. 1365-1375
    • Kavsak, P.1    Rasmussen, R.K.2    Causing, C.G.3    Bonni, S.4    Zhu, H.5    Thomsen, G.H.6
  • 37
    • 23044466047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and versatility in Tgf-beta signaling through Smads
    • Feng X-H, Derynck R. Specificity and versatility in Tgf-beta signaling through Smads. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (2005) 21:659-93. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.022404.142018.
    • (2005) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , vol.21 , pp. 659-693
    • Feng, X.-H.1    Derynck, R.2
  • 38
    • 61749097816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tgf-beta superfamily signaling in embryonic development and homeostasis
    • Wu MY, Hill CS. Tgf-beta superfamily signaling in embryonic development and homeostasis. Dev Cell (2009) 16:329-43. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.02.012.
    • (2009) Dev Cell , vol.16 , pp. 329-343
    • Wu, M.Y.1    Hill, C.S.2
  • 39
    • 84862764922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-β control of stem cell differentiation genes
    • Massagué J, Xi Q. TGF-β control of stem cell differentiation genes. FEBS Lett (2012) 586:1953-8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.023.
    • (2012) FEBS Lett , vol.586 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Massagué, J.1    Xi, Q.2
  • 40
    • 84928542657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling by SMAD mono-ubiquitination
    • Xie F, Zhang Z, van Dam H, Zhang L, Zhou F. Regulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling by SMAD mono-ubiquitination. Cells (2014) 3:981-93. doi:10.3390/cells3040981.
    • (2014) Cells , vol.3 , pp. 981-993
    • Xie, F.1    Zhang, Z.2    van Dam, H.3    Zhang, L.4    Zhou, F.5
  • 41
    • 2442647655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional evidence for a single endodermal origin for the thymic epithelium
    • Gordon J, Wilson VA, Blair NF, Sheridan J, Farley A, Wilson L, et al. Functional evidence for a single endodermal origin for the thymic epithelium. Nat Immunol (2004) 5:546-53. doi:10.1038/ni1064.
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 546-553
    • Gordon, J.1    Wilson, V.A.2    Blair, N.F.3    Sheridan, J.4    Farley, A.5    Wilson, L.6
  • 42
    • 80051924092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of thymus organogenesis and morphogenesis
    • Gordon J, Manley NR. Mechanisms of thymus organogenesis and morphogenesis. Development (2011) 138:3865-78. doi:10.1242/dev.059998.
    • (2011) Development , vol.138 , pp. 3865-3878
    • Gordon, J.1    Manley, N.R.2
  • 43
    • 0003442818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Sadler TW. Langman's Medical Embryology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2012).
    • (2012) Langman's Medical Embryology
    • Sadler, T.W.1
  • 45
    • 0032030895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hox group 3 paralogs regulate the development and migration of the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
    • Manley NR, Capecchi MR. Hox group 3 paralogs regulate the development and migration of the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands. Dev Biol (1998) 195:1-15. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8827.
    • (1998) Dev Biol , vol.195 , pp. 1-15
    • Manley, N.R.1    Capecchi, M.R.2
  • 46
    • 34247868281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin
    • Hamazaki Y, Fujita H, Kobayashi T, Choi Y, Scott HS, Matsumoto M, et al. Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin. Nat Immunol (2007) 8:304-11. doi:10.1038/ni1438.
    • (2007) Nat Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 304-311
    • Hamazaki, Y.1    Fujita, H.2    Kobayashi, T.3    Choi, Y.4    Scott, H.S.5    Matsumoto, M.6
  • 47
    • 84929729067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D immunofluorescence analysis of early thymic morphogenesis and medulla development
    • Muñoz JJ, Cejalvo T, Tobajas E, Fanlo L, Cortés A, Zapata AG. 3D immunofluorescence analysis of early thymic morphogenesis and medulla development. Histol Histopathol (2015) 30:589-99. doi:10.14670/HH-30.589.
    • (2015) Histol Histopathol , vol.30 , pp. 589-599
    • Muñoz, J.J.1    Cejalvo, T.2    Tobajas, E.3    Fanlo, L.4    Cortés, A.5    Zapata, A.G.6
  • 48
    • 0343183281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepwise development of thymic microenvironments in vivo is regulated by thymocyte subsets
    • Van Ewijk W, Holländer G, Terhorst C, Wang B. Stepwise development of thymic microenvironments in vivo is regulated by thymocyte subsets. Development (2000) 127:1583-91.
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 1583-1591
    • Van Ewijk, W.1    Holländer, G.2    Terhorst, C.3    Wang, B.4
  • 49
    • 0029920145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two genetically separable steps in the differentiation of thymic epithelium
    • Nehls M, Kyewski B, Messerle M, Waldschütz R, Schüddekopf K, Smith AJ, et al. Two genetically separable steps in the differentiation of thymic epithelium. Science (1996) 272:886-9. doi:10.1126/science.272.5263.886.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 886-889
    • Nehls, M.1    Kyewski, B.2    Messerle, M.3    Waldschütz, R.4    Schüddekopf, K.5    Smith, A.J.6
  • 50
    • 0034644149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic ablation of parathyroid glands reveals another source of parathyroid hormone
    • Günther T, Chen ZF, Kim J, Priemel M, Rueger JM, Amling M, et al. Genetic ablation of parathyroid glands reveals another source of parathyroid hormone. Nature (2000) 406:199-203. doi:10.1038/35018111.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 199-203
    • Günther, T.1    Chen, Z.F.2    Kim, J.3    Priemel, M.4    Rueger, J.M.5    Amling, M.6
  • 51
    • 0035005477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gcm2 and Foxn1 mark early parathyroid-and thymus-specific domains in the developing third pharyngeal pouch
    • Gordon J, Bennett AR, Blackburn CC, Manley NR. Gcm2 and Foxn1 mark early parathyroid-and thymus-specific domains in the developing third pharyngeal pouch. Mech Dev (2001) 103:141-3. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00333-1.
    • (2001) Mech Dev , vol.103 , pp. 141-143
    • Gordon, J.1    Bennett, A.R.2    Blackburn, C.C.3    Manley, N.R.4
  • 52
    • 78650716158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymus-associated parathyroid hormone has two cellular origins with distinct endocrine and immunological functions
    • Liu Z, Farley A, Chen L, Kirby BJ, Kovacs CS, Blackburn CC, et al. Thymus-associated parathyroid hormone has two cellular origins with distinct endocrine and immunological functions. PLoS Genet (2010) 6:e1001251. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001251.
    • (2010) PLoS Genet , vol.6
    • Liu, Z.1    Farley, A.2    Chen, L.3    Kirby, B.J.4    Kovacs, C.S.5    Blackburn, C.C.6
  • 53
    • 22244469725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nude thymic rudiment lacking functional Foxn1 resembles respiratory epithelium
    • Dooley J, Erickson M, Roelink H, Farr AG. Nude thymic rudiment lacking functional Foxn1 resembles respiratory epithelium. Dev Dyn (2005) 233:1605-12. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20495.
    • (2005) Dev Dyn , vol.233 , pp. 1605-1612
    • Dooley, J.1    Erickson, M.2    Roelink, H.3    Farr, A.G.4
  • 54
    • 0028899135 scopus 로고
    • Early human T cell development: analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment
    • Haynes BF, Heinly CS. Early human T cell development: analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment. J Exp Med (1995) 181:1445-58. doi:10.1084/jem.181.4.1445.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 1445-1458
    • Haynes, B.F.1    Heinly, C.S.2
  • 57
    • 33748375176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bmp4 and Noggin expression during early thymus and parathyroid organogenesis
    • Patel SR, Gordon J, Mahbub F, Blackburn CC, Manley NR. Bmp4 and Noggin expression during early thymus and parathyroid organogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns (2006) 6:794-9. doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2006.01.011.
    • (2006) Gene Expr Patterns , vol.6 , pp. 794-799
    • Patel, S.R.1    Gordon, J.2    Mahbub, F.3    Blackburn, C.C.4    Manley, N.R.5
  • 58
    • 77649191415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an early role for BMP4 signaling in thymus and parathyroid morphogenesis
    • Gordon J, Patel SR, Mishina Y, Manley NR. Evidence for an early role for BMP4 signaling in thymus and parathyroid morphogenesis. Dev Biol (2010) 339:141-54. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.12.026.
    • (2010) Dev Biol , vol.339 , pp. 141-154
    • Gordon, J.1    Patel, S.R.2    Mishina, Y.3    Manley, N.R.4
  • 59
    • 84355161498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of Bmp4 signalling in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that take place in early thymus and parathyroid development in avian embryos
    • Neves H, Dupin E, Parreira L, Le Douarin NM. Modulation of Bmp4 signalling in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that take place in early thymus and parathyroid development in avian embryos. Dev Biol (2012) 361:208-19. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.10.022.
    • (2012) Dev Biol , vol.361 , pp. 208-219
    • Neves, H.1    Dupin, E.2    Parreira, L.3    Le Douarin, N.M.4
  • 60
    • 34447508321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of molecular markers that are expressed in discrete anterior-posterior domains of the endoderm from the gastrula stage to mid-gestation
    • Moore-Scott BA, Opoka R, Lin S-CJ, Kordich JJ, Wells JM. Identification of molecular markers that are expressed in discrete anterior-posterior domains of the endoderm from the gastrula stage to mid-gestation. Dev Dyn (2007) 236:1997-2003. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21204.
    • (2007) Dev Dyn , vol.236 , pp. 1997-2003
    • Moore-Scott, B.A.1    Opoka, R.2    Lin, S.-C.J.3    Kordich, J.J.4    Wells, J.M.5
  • 61
    • 84881123537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thymic epithelial progenitor-like cells reconstitutes the thymic microenvironment in vivo
    • Sun X, Xu J, Lu H, Liu W, Miao Z, Sui X, et al. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thymic epithelial progenitor-like cells reconstitutes the thymic microenvironment in vivo. Cell Stem Cell (2013) 13:230-6. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.014.
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.13 , pp. 230-236
    • Sun, X.1    Xu, J.2    Lu, H.3    Liu, W.4    Miao, Z.5    Sui, X.6
  • 62
    • 0028180752 scopus 로고
    • A primary requirement for nodal in the formation and maintenance of the primitive streak in the mouse
    • Conlon FL, Lyons KM, Takaesu N, Barth KS, Kispert A, Herrmann B, et al. A primary requirement for nodal in the formation and maintenance of the primitive streak in the mouse. Development (1994) 120:1919-28.
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 1919-1928
    • Conlon, F.L.1    Lyons, K.M.2    Takaesu, N.3    Barth, K.S.4    Kispert, A.5    Herrmann, B.6
  • 63
    • 0029850112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient for BMP2 are nonviable and have defects in amnion/chorion and cardiac development
    • Zhang H, Bradley A. Mice deficient for BMP2 are nonviable and have defects in amnion/chorion and cardiac development. Development (1996) 122:2977-86.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 2977-2986
    • Zhang, H.1    Bradley, A.2
  • 64
    • 0033558165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo
    • Lawson KA, Dunn NR, Roelen BAJ, Zeinstra LM, Davis AM, Wright CVE, et al. Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev (1999) 13:424-36. doi:10.1101/gad.13.4.424.
    • (1999) Genes Dev , vol.13 , pp. 424-436
    • Lawson, K.A.1    Dunn, N.R.2    Roelen, B.A.J.3    Zeinstra, L.M.4    Davis, A.M.5    Wright, C.V.E.6
  • 65
    • 33745516115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal analysis reveals a common progenitor for thymic cortical and medullary epithelium
    • Rossi SW, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G, Jenkinson EJ. Clonal analysis reveals a common progenitor for thymic cortical and medullary epithelium. Nature (2006) 441:988-91. doi:10.1038/nature04813.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 988-991
    • Rossi, S.W.1    Jenkinson, W.E.2    Anderson, G.3    Jenkinson, E.J.4
  • 66
    • 84908356419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilineage potential and self-renewal define an epithelial progenitor cell population in the adult thymus
    • Wong K, Lister NL, Barsanti M, Lim JMC, Hammett MV, Khong DM, et al. Multilineage potential and self-renewal define an epithelial progenitor cell population in the adult thymus. Cell Rep (2014) 8:1198-209. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.029.
    • (2014) Cell Rep , vol.8 , pp. 1198-1209
    • Wong, K.1    Lister, N.L.2    Barsanti, M.3    Lim, J.M.C.4    Hammett, M.V.5    Khong, D.M.6
  • 67
    • 84904795330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel thymic epithelial cell subsets whose differentiation is regulated by RANKL and Traf6
    • Danzl NM, Jeong S, Choi Y, Alexandropoulos K. Identification of novel thymic epithelial cell subsets whose differentiation is regulated by RANKL and Traf6. PLoS One (2014) 9:e86129. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086129.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Danzl, N.M.1    Jeong, S.2    Choi, Y.3    Alexandropoulos, K.4
  • 68
    • 0022260101 scopus 로고
    • Epithelial heterogeneity in the murine thymus: fucose-specific lectins bind medullary epithelial cells
    • Farr AG, Anderson SK. Epithelial heterogeneity in the murine thymus: fucose-specific lectins bind medullary epithelial cells. J Immunol (1985) 134:2971-7.
    • (1985) J Immunol , vol.134 , pp. 2971-2977
    • Farr, A.G.1    Anderson, S.K.2
  • 69
    • 0032578456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdependence of cortical thymic epithelial cell differentiation and T-lineage commitment
    • Klug DB, Carter C, Crouch E, Roop D, Conti CJ, Richie ER. Interdependence of cortical thymic epithelial cell differentiation and T-lineage commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 95:11822-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11822.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 11822-11827
    • Klug, D.B.1    Carter, C.2    Crouch, E.3    Roop, D.4    Conti, C.J.5    Richie, E.R.6
  • 70
    • 34249883977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of CD8+ T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes
    • Murata S, Sasaki K, Kishimoto T, Niwa S, Hayashi H, Takahama Y, et al. Regulation of CD8+ T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes. Science (2007) 316:1349-53. doi:10.1126/science.1141915.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 1349-1353
    • Murata, S.1    Sasaki, K.2    Kishimoto, T.3    Niwa, S.4    Hayashi, H.5    Takahama, Y.6
  • 72
    • 0028808597 scopus 로고
    • Human thymic epithelial cells produce TGF-beta 3 and express TGF-beta receptors
    • Schluns KS, Grutkoski PS, Cook JE, Engelmann GL, Le PT. Human thymic epithelial cells produce TGF-beta 3 and express TGF-beta receptors. Int Immunol (1995) 7:1681-90. doi:10.1093/intimm/7.10.1681.
    • (1995) Int Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 1681-1690
    • Schluns, K.S.1    Grutkoski, P.S.2    Cook, J.E.3    Engelmann, G.L.4    Le, P.T.5
  • 73
    • 0037112047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein
    • Anderson MS, Venanzi ES, Klein L, Chen Z, Berzins SP, Turley SJ, et al. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein. Science (2002) 298:1395-401. doi:10.1126/science.1075958.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1395-1401
    • Anderson, M.S.1    Venanzi, E.S.2    Klein, L.3    Chen, Z.4    Berzins, S.P.5    Turley, S.J.6
  • 75
    • 22344449972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels
    • Derbinski J, Gäbler J, Brors B, Tierling S, Jonnakuty S, Hergenhahn M, et al. Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels. J Exp Med (2005) 202:33-45. doi:10.1084/jem.20050471.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 33-45
    • Derbinski, J.1    Gäbler, J.2    Brors, B.3    Tierling, S.4    Jonnakuty, S.5    Hergenhahn, M.6
  • 76
    • 84878995483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aire-expressing thymic medullary epithelial cells originate from β5t-expressing progenitor cells
    • Ohigashi I, Zuklys S, Sakata M, Mayer CE, Zhanybekova S, Murata S, et al. Aire-expressing thymic medullary epithelial cells originate from β5t-expressing progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 110:9885-90. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301799110.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 9885-9890
    • Ohigashi, I.1    Zuklys, S.2    Sakata, M.3    Mayer, C.E.4    Zhanybekova, S.5    Murata, S.6
  • 77
    • 0035171545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self
    • Derbinski J, Schulte A, Kyewski B, Klein L. Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nat Immunol (2001) 2:1032-9. doi:10.1038/ni723.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 1032-1039
    • Derbinski, J.1    Schulte, A.2    Kyewski, B.3    Klein, L.4
  • 78
    • 84886411385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct temporal patterns of T cell receptor signaling during positive versus negative selection in situ
    • Melichar HJ, Ross JO, Herzmark P, Hogquist KA, Robey EA. Distinct temporal patterns of T cell receptor signaling during positive versus negative selection in situ. Sci Signal (2013) 6:ra92. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2004400.
    • (2013) Sci Signal , vol.6
    • Melichar, H.J.1    Ross, J.O.2    Herzmark, P.3    Hogquist, K.A.4    Robey, E.A.5
  • 79
    • 84878289907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of self-reactive T cells in the thymus: a timeline for negative selection
    • Dzhagalov IL, Chen KG, Herzmark P, Robey EA. Elimination of self-reactive T cells in the thymus: a timeline for negative selection. PLoS Biol (2013) 11:e1001566. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001566.
    • (2013) PLoS Biol , vol.11
    • Dzhagalov, I.L.1    Chen, K.G.2    Herzmark, P.3    Robey, E.A.4
  • 80
    • 84893365911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymocyte apoptosis drives the intrathymic generation of regulatory T cells
    • Konkel JE, Jin W, Abbatiello B, Grainger JR, Chen W. Thymocyte apoptosis drives the intrathymic generation of regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014) 111:E465-73. doi:10.1073/pnas.1320319111.
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.111 , pp. E465-E473
    • Konkel, J.E.1    Jin, W.2    Abbatiello, B.3    Grainger, J.R.4    Chen, W.5
  • 81
    • 34047192398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 signalling pathway components are expressed in the human thymus and inhibit early T-cell development
    • Cejalvo T, Sacedón R, Hernández-López C, Diez B, Gutierrez-Frías C, Valencia J, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 signalling pathway components are expressed in the human thymus and inhibit early T-cell development. Immunology (2007) 121:94-104. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02541.x.
    • (2007) Immunology , vol.121 , pp. 94-104
    • Cejalvo, T.1    Sacedón, R.2    Hernández-López, C.3    Diez, B.4    Gutierrez-Frías, C.5    Valencia, J.6
  • 82
    • 80053653442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists in lymphoid progenitors and supporting microenvironments and functional implications
    • Passa O, Tsalavos S, Belyaev NN, Petryk A, Potocnik AJ, Graf D. Compartmentalization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists in lymphoid progenitors and supporting microenvironments and functional implications. Immunology (2011) 134:349-59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03495.x.
    • (2011) Immunology , vol.134 , pp. 349-359
    • Passa, O.1    Tsalavos, S.2    Belyaev, N.N.3    Petryk, A.4    Potocnik, A.J.5    Graf, D.6
  • 83
    • 26444509876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP-6 inhibits growth of mature human B cells; induction of Smad phosphorylation and upregulation of Id1
    • Kersten C, Sivertsen EA, Hystad ME, Forfang L, Smeland EB, Myklebust JH. BMP-6 inhibits growth of mature human B cells; induction of Smad phosphorylation and upregulation of Id1. BMC Immunol (2005) 6:9. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-6-9.
    • (2005) BMC Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 9
    • Kersten, C.1    Sivertsen, E.A.2    Hystad, M.E.3    Forfang, L.4    Smeland, E.B.5    Myklebust, J.H.6
  • 84
    • 77953267301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta signaling curbs thymic negative selection promoting regulatory T cell development
    • Ouyang W, Beckett O, Ma Q, Li MO. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling curbs thymic negative selection promoting regulatory T cell development. Immunity (2010) 32:642-53. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.04.012.
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 642-653
    • Ouyang, W.1    Beckett, O.2    Ma, Q.3    Li, M.O.4
  • 85
    • 84901198225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A regulatory role for TGF-β signaling in the establishment and function of the thymic medulla
    • Hauri-Hohl M, Zuklys S, Holländer GA, Ziegler SF. A regulatory role for TGF-β signaling in the establishment and function of the thymic medulla. Nat Immunol (2014) 15:554-61. doi:10.1038/ni.2869.
    • (2014) Nat Immunol , vol.15 , pp. 554-561
    • Hauri-Hohl, M.1    Zuklys, S.2    Holländer, G.A.3    Ziegler, S.F.4
  • 86
    • 84940352943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rag defects and thymic stroma: lessons from animal models
    • Marrella V, Poliani PL, Notarangelo LD, Villa A. Rag defects and thymic stroma: lessons from animal models. Front Immunol (2014) 5:529. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00259.
    • (2014) Front Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 529
    • Marrella, V.1    Poliani, P.L.2    Notarangelo, L.D.3    Villa, A.4
  • 87
    • 0028000121 scopus 로고
    • New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations
    • Nehls M, Pfeifer D, Schorpp M, Hedrich H, Boehm T. New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations. Nature (1994) 372:103-7. doi:10.1038/372103a0.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 103-107
    • Nehls, M.1    Pfeifer, D.2    Schorpp, M.3    Hedrich, H.4    Boehm, T.5
  • 88
    • 0036852151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of FoxN1, the gene defective in nude mice
    • Balciunaite G, Keller MP, Balciunaite E, Piali L, Zuklys S, Mathieu YD, et al. Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of FoxN1, the gene defective in nude mice. Nat Immunol (2002) 3:1102-8. doi:10.1038/ni850.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Balciunaite, G.1    Keller, M.P.2    Balciunaite, E.3    Piali, L.4    Zuklys, S.5    Mathieu, Y.D.6
  • 89
    • 0345689338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP4 acts upstream of FGF in modulating thymic stroma and regulating thymopoiesis
    • Tsai PT, Lee RA, Wu H. BMP4 acts upstream of FGF in modulating thymic stroma and regulating thymopoiesis. Blood (2003) 102:3947-53. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-05-1657.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 3947-3953
    • Tsai, P.T.1    Lee, R.A.2    Wu, H.3
  • 90
    • 26844543561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP signaling is required for normal thymus development
    • Bleul CC, Boehm T. BMP signaling is required for normal thymus development. J Immunol (2005) 175:5213-21. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.5213.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 5213-5221
    • Bleul, C.C.1    Boehm, T.2
  • 92
  • 93
    • 73349102785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of thymic epithelial cell progenitors by mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Lai L, Jin J. Generation of thymic epithelial cell progenitors by mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells (2009) 27:3012-20. doi:10.1002/stem.238.
    • (2009) Stem Cells , vol.27 , pp. 3012-3020
    • Lai, L.1    Jin, J.2
  • 95
    • 79952397747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of anterior foregut endoderm from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells
    • Green MD, Chen A, Nostro M-C, d'Souza SL, Schaniel C, Lemischka IR, et al. Generation of anterior foregut endoderm from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol (2011) 29:267-72. doi:10.1038/nbt.1788.
    • (2011) Nat Biotechnol , vol.29 , pp. 267-272
    • Green, M.D.1    Chen, A.2    Nostro, M.-C.3    d'Souza, S.L.4    Schaniel, C.5    Lemischka, I.R.6
  • 96
    • 84881120386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of functional thymic epithelium from human embryonic stem cells that supports host T cell development
    • Parent AV, Russ HA, Khan IS, Laflam TN, Metzger TC, Anderson MS, et al. Generation of functional thymic epithelium from human embryonic stem cells that supports host T cell development. Cell Stem Cell (2013) 13:219-29. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.004.
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.13 , pp. 219-229
    • Parent, A.V.1    Russ, H.A.2    Khan, I.S.3    Laflam, T.N.4    Metzger, T.C.5    Anderson, M.S.6
  • 97
    • 0033849161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of T cell precursor activity in the murine fetal thymus: evidence for an input of T cell precursors between days 12 and 14 of gestation
    • Douagi I, Andre I, Ferraz JC, Cumano A. Characterization of T cell precursor activity in the murine fetal thymus: evidence for an input of T cell precursors between days 12 and 14 of gestation. Eur J Immunol (2000) 30:2201-10. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8 < 2201:AID-IMMU2201 > 3.0.CO;2-2.
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 2201-2210
    • Douagi, I.1    Andre, I.2    Ferraz, J.C.3    Cumano, A.4
  • 98
    • 19944427782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi
    • Liu C, Ueno T, Kuse S, Saito F, Nitta T, Piali L, et al. The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi. Blood (2005) 105:31-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-04-1369.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.105 , pp. 31-39
    • Liu, C.1    Ueno, T.2    Kuse, S.3    Saito, F.4    Nitta, T.5    Piali, L.6
  • 99
    • 33750608542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination between CCR7-and CCR9-mediated chemokine signals in prevascular fetal thymus colonization
    • Liu C, Saito F, Liu Z, Lei Y, Uehara S, Love P, et al. Coordination between CCR7-and CCR9-mediated chemokine signals in prevascular fetal thymus colonization. Blood (2006) 108:2531-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-05-024190.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 2531-2539
    • Liu, C.1    Saito, F.2    Liu, Z.3    Lei, Y.4    Uehara, S.5    Love, P.6
  • 100
    • 79956303505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three chemokine receptors cooperatively regulate homing of hematopoietic progenitors to the embryonic mouse thymus
    • Calderón L, Boehm T. Three chemokine receptors cooperatively regulate homing of hematopoietic progenitors to the embryonic mouse thymus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 108:7517-22. doi:10.1073/pnas.1016428108.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 7517-7522
    • Calderón, L.1    Boehm, T.2
  • 101
    • 0034536820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines define distinct microenvironments in the developing thymus
    • Bleul CC, Boehm T. Chemokines define distinct microenvironments in the developing thymus. Eur J Immunol (2000) 30:3371-9. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2000012)30:12<3371:AID-IMMU3371>3.0.CO;2-L.
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 3371-3379
    • Bleul, C.C.1    Boehm, T.2
  • 102
    • 0344483879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: identification of the orphan chemokine receptor GPR-9-6 as CCR9, the receptor for the chemokine TECK
    • Zaballos A, Gutiérrez J, Varona R, Ardavín C, Márquez G. Cutting edge: identification of the orphan chemokine receptor GPR-9-6 as CCR9, the receptor for the chemokine TECK. J Immunol (1999) 162:5671-5.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 5671-5675
    • Zaballos, A.1    Gutiérrez, J.2    Varona, R.3    Ardavín, C.4    Márquez, G.5
  • 103
    • 0033214322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TECK, an efficacious chemoattractant for human thymocytes, uses GPR-9-6/CCR9 as a specific receptor
    • Youn BS, Kim CH, Smith FO, Broxmeyer HE. TECK, an efficacious chemoattractant for human thymocytes, uses GPR-9-6/CCR9 as a specific receptor. Blood (1999) 94:2533-6.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94 , pp. 2533-2536
    • Youn, B.S.1    Kim, C.H.2    Smith, F.O.3    Broxmeyer, H.E.4
  • 104
    • 0032549586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7
    • Yoshida R, Nagira M, Kitaura M, Imagawa N, Imai T, Yoshie O. Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7. J Biol Chem (1998) 273:7118-22. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.12.7118.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 7118-7122
    • Yoshida, R.1    Nagira, M.2    Kitaura, M.3    Imagawa, N.4    Imai, T.5    Yoshie, O.6
  • 105
  • 106
    • 0346121316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on different human endothelia: discriminating the tissue-specific functions that affect leucocyte migration
    • Hillyer P, Mordelet E, Flynn G, Male D. Chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on different human endothelia: discriminating the tissue-specific functions that affect leucocyte migration. Clin Exp Immunol (2003) 134:431-41. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02323.x.
    • (2003) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.134 , pp. 431-441
    • Hillyer, P.1    Mordelet, E.2    Flynn, G.3    Male, D.4
  • 107
    • 84896277140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth differentiation factor 15, a marker of lung involvement in systemic sclerosis, is involved in fibrosis development but is not indispensable for fibrosis development
    • Lambrecht S, Smith V, De Wilde K, Coudenys J, Decuman S, Deforce D, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15, a marker of lung involvement in systemic sclerosis, is involved in fibrosis development but is not indispensable for fibrosis development. Arthritis Rheumatol (2014) 66:418-27. doi:10.1002/art.38241.
    • (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.66 , pp. 418-427
    • Lambrecht, S.1    Smith, V.2    De Wilde, K.3    Coudenys, J.4    Decuman, S.5    Deforce, D.6
  • 108
    • 79955703474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDF-15 is an inhibitor of leukocyte integrin activation required for survival after myocardial infarction in mice
    • Kempf T, Zarbock A, Widera C, Butz S, Stadtmann A, Rossaint J, et al. GDF-15 is an inhibitor of leukocyte integrin activation required for survival after myocardial infarction in mice. Nat Med (2011) 17:581-8. doi:10.1038/nm.2354.
    • (2011) Nat Med , vol.17 , pp. 581-588
    • Kempf, T.1    Zarbock, A.2    Widera, C.3    Butz, S.4    Stadtmann, A.5    Rossaint, J.6
  • 109
    • 84893311459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth/differentiation factor 15 promotes EGFR signalling, and regulates proliferation and migration in the hippocampus of neonatal and young adult mice
    • Carrillo-García C, Prochnow S, Simeonova IK, Strelau J, Hölzl-Wenig G, Mandl C, et al. Growth/differentiation factor 15 promotes EGFR signalling, and regulates proliferation and migration in the hippocampus of neonatal and young adult mice. Development (2014) 141:773-83. doi:10.1242/dev.096131.
    • (2014) Development , vol.141 , pp. 773-783
    • Carrillo-García, C.1    Prochnow, S.2    Simeonova, I.K.3    Strelau, J.4    Hölzl-Wenig, G.5    Mandl, C.6
  • 110
    • 77749239669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulates the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
    • Zhao X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Lei P, Peng J, Wu S, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulates the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin (2010) 31:347-54. doi:10.1038/aps.2009.204.
    • (2010) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.31 , pp. 347-354
    • Zhao, X.1    Huang, Y.2    Huang, Y.3    Lei, P.4    Peng, J.5    Wu, S.6
  • 111
    • 78751564284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine receptor CXCR7 functions to regulate cardiac valve remodeling
    • Yu S, Crawford D, Tsuchihashi T, Behrens TW, Srivastava D. The chemokine receptor CXCR7 functions to regulate cardiac valve remodeling. Dev Dyn (2011) 240:384-93. doi:10.1002/dvdy.22549.
    • (2011) Dev Dyn , vol.240 , pp. 384-393
    • Yu, S.1    Crawford, D.2    Tsuchihashi, T.3    Behrens, T.W.4    Srivastava, D.5
  • 112
    • 68849103070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental expression and regulation of the chemokine CXCL14 in Xenopus
    • Park BY, Hong CS, Sohail FA, Saint-Jeannet JP. Developmental expression and regulation of the chemokine CXCL14 in Xenopus. Int J Dev Biol (2009) 53:535-40. doi:10.1387/ijdb.092855bp.
    • (2009) Int J Dev Biol , vol.53 , pp. 535-540
    • Park, B.Y.1    Hong, C.S.2    Sohail, F.A.3    Saint-Jeannet, J.P.4
  • 113
    • 84898622781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCL2 shapes macrophage polarization by GM-CSF and M-CSF: identification of CCL2/CCR2-dependent gene expression profile
    • Sierra-Filardi E, Nieto C, Domínguez-Soto A, Barroso R, Sánchez-Mateos P, Puig-Kroger A, et al. CCL2 shapes macrophage polarization by GM-CSF and M-CSF: identification of CCL2/CCR2-dependent gene expression profile. J Immunol (2014) 192:3858-67. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302821.
    • (2014) J Immunol , vol.192 , pp. 3858-3867
    • Sierra-Filardi, E.1    Nieto, C.2    Domínguez-Soto, A.3    Barroso, R.4    Sánchez-Mateos, P.5    Puig-Kroger, A.6
  • 114
    • 0028111420 scopus 로고
    • A block in both early T lymphocyte and natural killer cell development in transgenic mice with high-copy numbers of the human CD3E gene
    • Wang B, Biron C, She J, Higgins K, Sunshine MJ, Lacy E, et al. A block in both early T lymphocyte and natural killer cell development in transgenic mice with high-copy numbers of the human CD3E gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 91:9402-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9402.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 9402-9406
    • Wang, B.1    Biron, C.2    She, J.3    Higgins, K.4    Sunshine, M.J.5    Lacy, E.6
  • 115
    • 0028890704 scopus 로고
    • Developmental control point in induction of thymic cortex regulated by a subpopulation of prothymocytes
    • Holländer GA, Wang B, Nichogiannopoulou A, Platenburg PP, van Ewijk W, BurakoffSJ, et al. Developmental control point in induction of thymic cortex regulated by a subpopulation of prothymocytes. Nature (1995) 373:350-3. doi:10.1038/373350a0.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 350-353
    • Holländer, G.A.1    Wang, B.2    Nichogiannopoulou, A.3    Platenburg, P.P.4    van Ewijk, W.5    Burakoff, S.J.6
  • 116
    • 28444475518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of functional thymic epithelial cells occurs independently of lymphostromal interactions
    • Jenkinson WE, Rossi SW, Jenkinson EJ, Anderson G. Development of functional thymic epithelial cells occurs independently of lymphostromal interactions. Mech Dev (2005) 122:1294-9. doi:10.1016/j.mod.2005.08.003.
    • (2005) Mech Dev , vol.122 , pp. 1294-1299
    • Jenkinson, W.E.1    Rossi, S.W.2    Jenkinson, E.J.3    Anderson, G.4
  • 117
    • 0036896499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aortic arch and pharyngeal phenotype in the absence of BMP-dependent neural crest in the mouse
    • Ohnemus S, Kanzler B, Jerome-Majewska LA, Papaioannou VE, Boehm T, Mallo M. Aortic arch and pharyngeal phenotype in the absence of BMP-dependent neural crest in the mouse. Mech Dev (2002) 119:127-35. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(02)00345-3.
    • (2002) Mech Dev , vol.119 , pp. 127-135
    • Ohnemus, S.1    Kanzler, B.2    Jerome-Majewska, L.A.3    Papaioannou, V.E.4    Boehm, T.5    Mallo, M.6
  • 118
    • 84885850901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Cdc42 in neural crest cells causes craniofacial and cardiovascular morphogenesis defects
    • Liu Y, Jin Y, Li J, Seto E, Kuo E, Yu W, et al. Inactivation of Cdc42 in neural crest cells causes craniofacial and cardiovascular morphogenesis defects. Dev Biol (2013) 383:239-52. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.013.
    • (2013) Dev Biol , vol.383 , pp. 239-252
    • Liu, Y.1    Jin, Y.2    Li, J.3    Seto, E.4    Kuo, E.5    Yu, W.6
  • 119
    • 33750454039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arteries define the position of the thyroid gland during its developmental relocalisation
    • Alt B, Elsalini OA, Schrumpf P, Haufs N, Lawson ND, Schwabe GC, et al. Arteries define the position of the thyroid gland during its developmental relocalisation. Development (2006) 133:3797-804. doi:10.1242/dev.02550.
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 3797-3804
    • Alt, B.1    Elsalini, O.A.2    Schrumpf, P.3    Haufs, N.4    Lawson, N.D.5    Schwabe, G.C.6
  • 120
    • 33750825092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective ALK5 signaling in the neural crest leads to increased postmigratory neural crest cell apoptosis and severe outflow tract defects
    • Wang J, Nagy A, Larsson J, Dudas M, Sucov HM, Kaartinen V. Defective ALK5 signaling in the neural crest leads to increased postmigratory neural crest cell apoptosis and severe outflow tract defects. BMC Dev Biol (2006) 6:51. doi:10.1186/1471-213X-6-51.
    • (2006) BMC Dev Biol , vol.6 , pp. 51
    • Wang, J.1    Nagy, A.2    Larsson, J.3    Dudas, M.4    Sucov, H.M.5    Kaartinen, V.6
  • 121
    • 50949123978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta signaling in thymic epithelial cells regulates thymic involution and postirradiation reconstitution
    • Hauri-Hohl MM, Zuklys S, Keller MP, Jeker LT, Barthlott T, Moon AM, et al. TGF-beta signaling in thymic epithelial cells regulates thymic involution and postirradiation reconstitution. Blood (2008) 112:626-34. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-115618.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 626-634
    • Hauri-Hohl, M.M.1    Zuklys, S.2    Keller, M.P.3    Jeker, L.T.4    Barthlott, T.5    Moon, A.M.6
  • 122
    • 49149124183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of neural crest-derived cells in the embryonic and adult thymus
    • Foster K, Sheridan J, Veiga-Fernandes H, Roderick K, Pachnis V, Adams R, et al. Contribution of neural crest-derived cells in the embryonic and adult thymus. J Immunol (2008) 180:3183-9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3183.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , pp. 3183-3189
    • Foster, K.1    Sheridan, J.2    Veiga-Fernandes, H.3    Roderick, K.4    Pachnis, V.5    Adams, R.6
  • 123
    • 1642399893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting the stage: an anatomist's view of the immune system
    • Crivellato E, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Setting the stage: an anatomist's view of the immune system. Trends Immunol (2004) 25:210-7. doi:10.1016/j.it.2004.02.008.
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 210-217
    • Crivellato, E.1    Vacca, A.2    Ribatti, D.3
  • 124
    • 33750475605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal structure, function and histology of the thymus
    • Pearse G. Normal structure, function and histology of the thymus. Toxicol Pathol (2006) 34:504-14. doi:10.1080/01926230600865549.
    • (2006) Toxicol Pathol , vol.34 , pp. 504-514
    • Pearse, G.1
  • 125
    • 77956471118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thymus microenvironment in regulating thymocyte differentiation
    • Gameiro J, Nagib P, Verinaud L. The thymus microenvironment in regulating thymocyte differentiation. Cell Adh Migr (2010) 4:382-90. doi:10.4161/cam.4.3.11789.
    • (2010) Cell Adh Migr , vol.4 , pp. 382-390
    • Gameiro, J.1    Nagib, P.2    Verinaud, L.3
  • 126
    • 0021793969 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix of the human thymus: immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections and cultured epithelial cells
    • Berrih S, Savino W, Cohen S. Extracellular matrix of the human thymus: immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections and cultured epithelial cells. J Histochem Cytochem (1985) 33:655-64. doi:10.1177/33.7.3891843.
    • (1985) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.33 , pp. 655-664
    • Berrih, S.1    Savino, W.2    Cohen, S.3
  • 127
    • 52649097448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Immunological Genome Project: networks of gene expression in immune cells
    • Heng TSP, Painter MW. The Immunological Genome Project: networks of gene expression in immune cells. Nat Immunol (2008) 9:1091-4. doi:10.1038/ni1008-1091.
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 1091-1094
    • Heng, T.S.P.1    Painter, M.W.2
  • 128
    • 0037111391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 signaling regulates early thymocyte differentiation
    • Hager-Theodorides AL, Outram SV, Shah DK, Sacedon R, Shrimpton RE, Vicente A, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 signaling regulates early thymocyte differentiation. J Immunol (2002) 169:5496-504. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5496.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 5496-5504
    • Hager-Theodorides, A.L.1    Outram, S.V.2    Shah, D.K.3    Sacedon, R.4    Shrimpton, R.E.5    Vicente, A.6
  • 129
    • 84892597826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct BMP2/4 signaling through BMP receptor IA regulates fetal thymocyte progenitor homeostasis and differentiation to CD4 + CD8 + double-positive cell
    • Hager-Theodorides AL, Ross SE, Sahni H, Mishina Y, Furmanski AL, Crompton T. Direct BMP2/4 signaling through BMP receptor IA regulates fetal thymocyte progenitor homeostasis and differentiation to CD4 + CD8 + double-positive cell. Cell Cycle (2014) 13:324-33. doi:10.4161/cc.27118.
    • (2014) Cell Cycle , vol.13 , pp. 324-333
    • Hager-Theodorides, A.L.1    Ross, S.E.2    Sahni, H.3    Mishina, Y.4    Furmanski, A.L.5    Crompton, T.6
  • 130
    • 33645472049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibins are the major activin ligands expressed during early thymocyte development
    • Licona P, Chimal-Monroy J, Soldevila G. Inhibins are the major activin ligands expressed during early thymocyte development. Dev Dyn (2006) 235:1124-32. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20707.
    • (2006) Dev Dyn , vol.235 , pp. 1124-1132
    • Licona, P.1    Chimal-Monroy, J.2    Soldevila, G.3
  • 132
    • 84877687210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy
    • Loffredo FS, Steinhauser ML, Jay SM, Gannon J, Pancoast JR, Yalamanchi P, et al. Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Cell (2013) 153:828-39. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015.
    • (2013) Cell , vol.153 , pp. 828-839
    • Loffredo, F.S.1    Steinhauser, M.L.2    Jay, S.M.3    Gannon, J.4    Pancoast, J.R.5    Yalamanchi, P.6
  • 133
    • 76949101213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathymic T cell migration is a multivectorial process under a complex neuroendocrine control
    • Savino W. Intrathymic T cell migration is a multivectorial process under a complex neuroendocrine control. Neuroimmunomodulation (2010) 17:142-5. doi:10.1159/000258708.
    • (2010) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.17 , pp. 142-145
    • Savino, W.1
  • 134
    • 0347407822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta-and Activin-Smad signaling pathways are activated at distinct maturation stages of the thymopoeisis
    • Rosendahl A, Speletas M, Leandersson K, Ivars F, Sideras P. Transforming growth factor-beta-and Activin-Smad signaling pathways are activated at distinct maturation stages of the thymopoeisis. Int Immunol (2003) 15:1401-14. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxg139.
    • (2003) Int Immunol , vol.15 , pp. 1401-1414
    • Rosendahl, A.1    Speletas, M.2    Leandersson, K.3    Ivars, F.4    Sideras, P.5
  • 135
    • 84859483909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of inhibition of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling on T-cell activation and differentiation
    • Yoshioka Y, Ono M, Osaki M, Konishi I, Sakaguchi S. Differential effects of inhibition of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling on T-cell activation and differentiation. Eur J Immunol (2012) 42:749-59. doi:10.1002/eji.201141702.
    • (2012) Eur J Immunol , vol.42 , pp. 749-759
    • Yoshioka, Y.1    Ono, M.2    Osaki, M.3    Konishi, I.4    Sakaguchi, S.5
  • 136
    • 79952755001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stromal cell networks regulate thymocyte migration and dendritic cell behavior in the thymus
    • Sanos SL, Nowak J, Fallet M, BajenoffM. Stromal cell networks regulate thymocyte migration and dendritic cell behavior in the thymus. J Immunol (2011) 186:2835-41. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003563.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 2835-2841
    • Sanos, S.L.1    Nowak, J.2    Fallet, M.3    Bajenoff, M.4
  • 137
    • 2642511658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms governing thymocyte migration: combined role of chemokines and extracellular matrix
    • Savino W, Mendes-Da-Cruz DA, Smaniotto S, Silva-Monteiro E, Villa-Verde DMS. Molecular mechanisms governing thymocyte migration: combined role of chemokines and extracellular matrix. J Leukoc Biol (2004) 75:951-61. doi:10.1189/jlb.1003455.
    • (2004) J Leukoc Biol , vol.75 , pp. 951-961
    • Savino, W.1    Mendes-Da-Cruz, D.A.2    Smaniotto, S.3    Silva-Monteiro, E.4    Villa-Verde, D.M.S.5
  • 138
    • 3042734665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of the T-cell repertoire: receptor-controlled checkpoints in T-cell development
    • Von Boehmer H. Selection of the T-cell repertoire: receptor-controlled checkpoints in T-cell development. Adv Immunol (2004) 84:201-38. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(04)84006-9.
    • (2004) Adv Immunol , vol.84 , pp. 201-238
    • Von Boehmer, H.1
  • 139
    • 84879101768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gammadelta T cells: innately adaptive immune cells?
    • Ferreira LMR. Gammadelta T cells: innately adaptive immune cells? Int Rev Immunol (2013) 32:223-48. doi:10.3109/08830185.2013.783831.
    • (2013) Int Rev Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 223-248
    • Ferreira, L.M.R.1
  • 140
  • 141
    • 38449106709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thymus as an inductive site for T lymphopoiesis
    • Ciofani M, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. The thymus as an inductive site for T lymphopoiesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (2007) 23:463-93. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123547.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , vol.23 , pp. 463-493
    • Ciofani, M.1    Zúñiga-Pflücker, J.C.2
  • 142
    • 4344572135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of T cell specification and differentiation requires recurrent notch receptor-ligand interactions
    • Schmitt TM, Ciofani M, Petrie HT, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Maintenance of T cell specification and differentiation requires recurrent notch receptor-ligand interactions. J Exp Med (2004) 200:469-79. doi:10.1084/jem.20040394.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 469-479
    • Schmitt, T.M.1    Ciofani, M.2    Petrie, H.T.3    Zúñiga-Pflücker, J.C.4
  • 143
    • 0028426281 scopus 로고
    • T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement and selection during thymocyte development in adult mice
    • Dudley EC, Petrie HT, Shah LM, Owen MJ, Hayday AC. T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement and selection during thymocyte development in adult mice. Immunity (1994) 1:83-93. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(94)90102-3.
    • (1994) Immunity , vol.1 , pp. 83-93
    • Dudley, E.C.1    Petrie, H.T.2    Shah, L.M.3    Owen, M.J.4    Hayday, A.C.5
  • 144
    • 84865610415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaglycan (TβRIII) is expressed in the thymus and regulates T cell development by protecting thymocytes from apoptosis
    • Aleman-Muench GR, Mendoza V, Stenvers K, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Lopez-Casillas F, Raman C, et al. Betaglycan (TβRIII) is expressed in the thymus and regulates T cell development by protecting thymocytes from apoptosis. PLoS One (2012) 7:e44217. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044217.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Aleman-Muench, G.R.1    Mendoza, V.2    Stenvers, K.3    Garcia-Zepeda, E.A.4    Lopez-Casillas, F.5    Raman, C.6
  • 145
    • 0027276765 scopus 로고
    • Betaglycan presents ligand to the TGF beta signaling receptor
    • López-Casillas F, Wrana JL, Massagué J. Betaglycan presents ligand to the TGF beta signaling receptor. Cell (1993) 73:1435-44. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90368-Z.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 1435-1444
    • López-Casillas, F.1    Wrana, J.L.2    Massagué, J.3
  • 146
    • 0027976511 scopus 로고
    • Betaglycan can act as a dual modulator of TGF-β access to signaling receptors: mapping of ligand binding and GAG attachment sites
    • López-Casillas F, Payne HM, Andres JL, Massagué J. Betaglycan can act as a dual modulator of TGF-β access to signaling receptors: mapping of ligand binding and GAG attachment sites. J Cell Biol (1994) 124:557-68. doi:10.1083/jcb.124.4.557.
    • (1994) J Cell Biol , vol.124 , pp. 557-568
    • López-Casillas, F.1    Payne, H.M.2    Andres, J.L.3    Massagué, J.4
  • 147
    • 0037016690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaglycan inhibits TGF-β signaling by preventing type I-type II receptor complex formation: glycosaminoglycan modifications alter betaglycan function
    • Eickelberg O, Centrella M, Reiss M, Kashgarian M, Wells RG. Betaglycan inhibits TGF-β signaling by preventing type I-type II receptor complex formation: glycosaminoglycan modifications alter betaglycan function. J Biol Chem (2002) 277:823-9. doi:10.1074/jbc. M105110200.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 823-829
    • Eickelberg, O.1    Centrella, M.2    Reiss, M.3    Kashgarian, M.4    Wells, R.G.5
  • 149
    • 0028989478 scopus 로고
    • Influence of TGF-beta on murine thymocyte development in fetal thymus organ culture
    • Plum J, De Smedt M, Leclercq G, Vandekerckhove B. Influence of TGF-beta on murine thymocyte development in fetal thymus organ culture. J Immunol (1995) 154:5789-98.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 5789-5798
    • Plum, J.1    De Smedt, M.2    Leclercq, G.3    Vandekerckhove, B.4
  • 150
    • 0037099676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The developmentally regulated expression of Twisted gastrulation reveals a role for bone morphogenetic proteins in the control of T cell development
    • Graf D, Nethisinghe S, Palmer DB, Fisher AG, Merkenschlager M. The developmentally regulated expression of Twisted gastrulation reveals a role for bone morphogenetic proteins in the control of T cell development. J Exp Med (2002) 196:163-71. doi:10.1084/jem.20020276.
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.196 , pp. 163-171
    • Graf, D.1    Nethisinghe, S.2    Palmer, D.B.3    Fisher, A.G.4    Merkenschlager, M.5
  • 151
    • 10544240364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of ventral body wall closure in mouse embryos lacking a procollagen C-proteinase encoded by Bmp1, a mammalian gene related to Drosophila tolloid
    • Suzuki N, Labosky PA, Furuta Y, Hargett L, Dunn R, Fogo AB, et al. Failure of ventral body wall closure in mouse embryos lacking a procollagen C-proteinase encoded by Bmp1, a mammalian gene related to Drosophila tolloid. Development (1996) 122:3587-95.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 3587-3595
    • Suzuki, N.1    Labosky, P.A.2    Furuta, Y.3    Hargett, L.4    Dunn, R.5    Fogo, A.B.6
  • 152
    • 0028054017 scopus 로고
    • T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus
    • Surh CD, Sprent J. T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus. Nature (1994) 372:100-3. doi:10.1038/372100a0.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 100-103
    • Surh, C.D.1    Sprent, J.2
  • 153
    • 29244457799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic basis of pre-T cell receptor-mediated autonomous signaling critical for thymocyte development
    • Yamasaki S, Ishikawa E, Sakuma M, Ogata K, Sakata-Sogawa K, Hiroshima M, et al. Mechanistic basis of pre-T cell receptor-mediated autonomous signaling critical for thymocyte development. Nat Immunol (2006) 7:67-75. doi:10.1038/ni1290.
    • (2006) Nat Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 67-75
    • Yamasaki, S.1    Ishikawa, E.2    Sakuma, M.3    Ogata, K.4    Sakata-Sogawa, K.5    Hiroshima, M.6
  • 154
    • 0028049894 scopus 로고
    • Double-negative thymocyte subsets in CD3ζ chain-deficient mice: absence of HSA+CD44-CD25-cells
    • Crompton T, Moore M, MacDonald HR, Malissen B. Double-negative thymocyte subsets in CD3ζ chain-deficient mice: absence of HSA+CD44-CD25-cells. Eur J Immunol (1994) 24:1903-7. doi:10.1002/eji.1830240828.
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 1903-1907
    • Crompton, T.1    Moore, M.2    MacDonald, H.R.3    Malissen, B.4
  • 155
    • 0027220211 scopus 로고
    • Multiple rearrangements in T cell receptor alpha chain genes maximize the production of useful thymocytes
    • Petrie HT, Livak F, Schatz DG, Strasser A, Crispe IN, Shortman K. Multiple rearrangements in T cell receptor alpha chain genes maximize the production of useful thymocytes. J Exp Med (1993) 178:615-22. doi:10.1084/jem.178.2.615.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 615-622
    • Petrie, H.T.1    Livak, F.2    Schatz, D.G.3    Strasser, A.4    Crispe, I.N.5    Shortman, K.6
  • 156
    • 84855957129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the TCR balances sensitivity and specificity for the recognition of self and pathogens
    • Morris GP, Allen PM. How the TCR balances sensitivity and specificity for the recognition of self and pathogens. Nat Immunol (2012) 13:121-8. doi:10.1038/ni.2190.
    • (2012) Nat Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 121-128
    • Morris, G.P.1    Allen, P.M.2
  • 157
    • 0036830490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activin type IIA and IIB receptors mediate Gdf11 signaling in axial vertebral patterning
    • Oh SP, Yeo C-Y, Lee Y, Schrewe H, Whitman M, Li E. Activin type IIA and IIB receptors mediate Gdf11 signaling in axial vertebral patterning. Genes Dev (2002) 16:2749-54. doi:10.1101/gad.1021802.
    • (2002) Genes Dev , vol.16 , pp. 2749-2754
    • Oh, S.P.1    Yeo, C.-Y.2    Lee, Y.3    Schrewe, H.4    Whitman, M.5    Li, E.6
  • 158
    • 25444529969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands based on genomic analyses
    • Mazerbourg S, Sangkuhl K, Luo CW, Sudo S, Klein C, Hsueh AJW. Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands based on genomic analyses. J Biol Chem (2005) 280:32122-32. doi:10.1074/jbc. M504629200.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 32122-32132
    • Mazerbourg, S.1    Sangkuhl, K.2    Luo, C.W.3    Sudo, S.4    Klein, C.5    Hsueh, A.J.W.6
  • 159
    • 33747762981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis
    • Andersson O, Reissmann E, Ibáñez CF. Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis. EMBO Rep (2006) 7:831-7. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400752.
    • (2006) EMBO Rep , vol.7 , pp. 831-837
    • Andersson, O.1    Reissmann, E.2    Ibáñez, C.F.3
  • 160
    • 0032213969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal patterning by BMPs: a requirement for GDF7 in the generation of a discrete class of commissural interneurons in the mouse spinal cord
    • Lee KJ, Mendelsohn M, Jessell TM. Neuronal patterning by BMPs: a requirement for GDF7 in the generation of a discrete class of commissural interneurons in the mouse spinal cord. Genes Dev (1998) 12:3394-407. doi:10.1101/gad.12.21.3394.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 3394-3407
    • Lee, K.J.1    Mendelsohn, M.2    Jessell, T.M.3
  • 161
    • 0343337332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BMP family member Gdf7 is required for seminal vesicle growth, branching morphogenesis, and cytodifferentiation
    • Settle S, Marker P, Gurley K, Sinha A, Thacker A, Wang Y, et al. The BMP family member Gdf7 is required for seminal vesicle growth, branching morphogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. Dev Biol (2001) 234:138-50. doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0244.
    • (2001) Dev Biol , vol.234 , pp. 138-150
    • Settle, S.1    Marker, P.2    Gurley, K.3    Sinha, A.4    Thacker, A.5    Wang, Y.6
  • 162
    • 0033052036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11
    • McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ. Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11. Nat Genet (1999) 22:260-4. doi:10.1038/10320.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.22 , pp. 260-264
    • McPherron, A.C.1    Lawler, A.M.2    Lee, S.J.3
  • 163
    • 84878985295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching axial progenitors from producing trunk to tail tissues in vertebrate embryos
    • Jurberg AD, Aires R, Varela-Lasheras I, Nóvoa A, Mallo M. Switching axial progenitors from producing trunk to tail tissues in vertebrate embryos. Dev Cell (2013) 25:451-62. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.009.
    • (2013) Dev Cell , vol.25 , pp. 451-462
    • Jurberg, A.D.1    Aires, R.2    Varela-Lasheras, I.3    Nóvoa, A.4    Mallo, M.5
  • 164
    • 0037447954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of metanephric kidney development by growth/differentiation factor 11
    • Esquela AF, Lee S-J. Regulation of metanephric kidney development by growth/differentiation factor 11. Dev Biol (2003) 257:356-70. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00100-3.
    • (2003) Dev Biol , vol.257 , pp. 356-370
    • Esquela, A.F.1    Lee, S.-J.2
  • 165
    • 77954374722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive immune response in osteoclastic bone resorption induced by orally administered Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model of periodontal disease
    • Li Y, Messina C, Bendaoud M, Fine DH, Schreiner H, Tsiagbe VK. Adaptive immune response in osteoclastic bone resorption induced by orally administered Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model of periodontal disease. Mol Oral Microbiol (2010) 25:275-92. doi:10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00576.x.
    • (2010) Mol Oral Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 275-292
    • Li, Y.1    Messina, C.2    Bendaoud, M.3    Fine, D.H.4    Schreiner, H.5    Tsiagbe, V.K.6
  • 166
    • 52949145604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lineage fate and intense debate: myths, models and mechanisms of CD4-versus CD8-lineage choice
    • Singer A, Adoro S, Park J-H. Lineage fate and intense debate: myths, models and mechanisms of CD4-versus CD8-lineage choice. Nat Rev Immunol (2008) 8:788-801. doi:10.1038/nri2416.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 788-801
    • Singer, A.1    Adoro, S.2    Park, J.-H.3
  • 167
    • 84857194354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coreceptor gene imprinting governs thymocyte lineage fate
    • Adoro S, McCaughtry T, Erman B, Alag A, Van Laethem F, Park J-H, et al. Coreceptor gene imprinting governs thymocyte lineage fate. EMBO J (2012) 31:366-77. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.388.
    • (2012) EMBO J , vol.31 , pp. 366-377
    • Adoro, S.1    McCaughtry, T.2    Erman, B.3    Alag, A.4    Van Laethem, F.5    Park, J.-H.6
  • 168
    • 0037979081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and liver defects and reduced transforming growth factor beta2 sensitivity in transforming growth factor beta type III receptor-deficient embryos
    • Stenvers KL, Tursky ML, Harder KW, Kountouri N, Amatayakul-Chantler S, Grail D, et al. Heart and liver defects and reduced transforming growth factor beta2 sensitivity in transforming growth factor beta type III receptor-deficient embryos. Mol Cell Biol (2003) 23:4371-85. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.12.4371-4385.2003.
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , pp. 4371-4385
    • Stenvers, K.L.1    Tursky, M.L.2    Harder, K.W.3    Kountouri, N.4    Amatayakul-Chantler, S.5    Grail, D.6
  • 169
    • 33845465701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cripto binds transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and inhibits TGF-beta signaling
    • Gray PC, Shani G, Aung K, Kelber J, Vale W. Cripto binds transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and inhibits TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cell Biol (2006) 26:9268-78. doi:10.1128/MCB.01168-06.
    • (2006) Mol Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 9268-9278
    • Gray, P.C.1    Shani, G.2    Aung, K.3    Kelber, J.4    Vale, W.5
  • 170
    • 0032531946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cripto is required for correct orientation of the anterior-posterior axis in the mouse embryo
    • Ding J, Yang L, Yan YT, Chen A, Desai N, Wynshaw-Boris A, et al. Cripto is required for correct orientation of the anterior-posterior axis in the mouse embryo. Nature (1998) 395:702-7. doi:10.1038/27215.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 702-707
    • Ding, J.1    Yang, L.2    Yan, Y.T.3    Chen, A.4    Desai, N.5    Wynshaw-Boris, A.6
  • 171
    • 0033000369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of the Cripto gene in mouse leads to failure of postgastrulation morphogenesis and lack of differentiation of cardiomyocytes
    • Xu C, Liguori G, Persico MG, Adamson ED. Abrogation of the Cripto gene in mouse leads to failure of postgastrulation morphogenesis and lack of differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Development (1999) 126:483-94. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.8862.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 483-494
    • Xu, C.1    Liguori, G.2    Persico, M.G.3    Adamson, E.D.4
  • 172
    • 84875498856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and maintenance of regulatory T cells
    • Ohkura N, Kitagawa Y, Sakaguchi S. Development and maintenance of regulatory T cells. Immunity (2013) 38:414-23. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.002.
    • (2013) Immunity , vol.38 , pp. 414-423
    • Ohkura, N.1    Kitagawa, Y.2    Sakaguchi, S.3
  • 173
    • 84866524744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad range of self-reactivity drives thymic regulatory T cell selection to limit responses to self
    • Lee HM, Bautista JL, Scott-Browne J, Mohan JF, Hsieh CSA. Broad range of self-reactivity drives thymic regulatory T cell selection to limit responses to self. Immunity (2012) 37:475-86. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.009.
    • (2012) Immunity , vol.37 , pp. 475-486
    • Lee, H.M.1    Bautista, J.L.2    Scott-Browne, J.3    Mohan, J.F.4    Hsieh, C.S.A.5
  • 174
    • 84901487911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don't see)
    • Klein L, Kyewski B, Allen PM, Hogquist KA. Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don't see). Nat Rev Immunol (2014) 14:377-91. doi:10.1038/nri3667.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 377-391
    • Klein, L.1    Kyewski, B.2    Allen, P.M.3    Hogquist, K.A.4
  • 175
    • 33747801470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-2 regulates FOXP3 expression in human CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells through a STAT-dependent mechanism and induces the expansion of these cells in vivo
    • Zorn E, Nelson EA, Mohseni M, Porcheray F, Kim H, Litsa D, et al. IL-2 regulates FOXP3 expression in human CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells through a STAT-dependent mechanism and induces the expansion of these cells in vivo. Blood (2006) 108:1571-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-004747.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 1571-1579
    • Zorn, E.1    Nelson, E.A.2    Mohseni, M.3    Porcheray, F.4    Kim, H.5    Litsa, D.6
  • 176
    • 40549094648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-2 receptor downstream events in regulatory T cells: implications for the choice of immunosuppressive drug therapy
    • Zeiser R, Negrin RS. Interleukin-2 receptor downstream events in regulatory T cells: implications for the choice of immunosuppressive drug therapy. Cell Cycle (2008) 7:458-62. doi:10.4161/cc.7.4.5454.
    • (2008) Cell Cycle , vol.7 , pp. 458-462
    • Zeiser, R.1    Negrin, R.S.2
  • 177
    • 37849008688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire
    • Burchill MA, Yang J, Vang KB, Moon JJ, Chu HH, Lio C-WJ, et al. Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire. Immunity (2008) 28:112-21. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.022.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , pp. 112-121
    • Burchill, M.A.1    Yang, J.2    Vang, K.B.3    Moon, J.J.4    Chu, H.H.5    Lio, C.-W.J.6
  • 178
    • 0035162560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse
    • Brunkow ME, Jeffery EW, Hjerrild KA, Paeper B, Clark LB, Yasayko SA, et al. Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse. Nat Genet (2001) 27:68-73. doi:10.1038/83784.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.27 , pp. 68-73
    • Brunkow, M.E.1    Jeffery, E.W.2    Hjerrild, K.A.3    Paeper, B.4    Clark, L.B.5    Yasayko, S.A.6
  • 179
    • 0037385330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells
    • Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol (2003) 4:330-6. doi:10.1038/ni904.
    • (2003) Nat Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 330-336
    • Fontenot, J.D.1    Gavin, M.A.2    Rudensky, A.Y.3
  • 180
    • 0347785480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3
    • Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S. Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science (2003) 299:1057-61. doi:10.1126/science.1079490.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1057-1061
    • Hori, S.1    Nomura, T.2    Sakaguchi, S.3
  • 182
    • 84879601640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp3 transcription factor is proapoptotic and lethal to developing regulatory T cells unless counterbalanced by cytokine survival signals
    • Tai X, Erman B, Alag A, Mu J, Kimura M, Katz G, et al. Foxp3 transcription factor is proapoptotic and lethal to developing regulatory T cells unless counterbalanced by cytokine survival signals. Immunity (2013) 38:1116-28. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.022.
    • (2013) Immunity , vol.38 , pp. 1116-1128
    • Tai, X.1    Erman, B.2    Alag, A.3    Mu, J.4    Kimura, M.5    Katz, G.6
  • 183
    • 44049087148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical function for TGF-beta signaling in the development of natural CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells
    • Liu Y, Zhang P, Li J, Kulkarni AB, Perruche S, Chen W. A critical function for TGF-beta signaling in the development of natural CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol (2008) 9:632-40. doi:10.1038/ni.1607.
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 632-640
    • Liu, Y.1    Zhang, P.2    Li, J.3    Kulkarni, A.B.4    Perruche, S.5    Chen, W.6
  • 184
  • 185
    • 77957025756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative transcriptional regulation of the Foxp3 gene is mediated by access and binding of the Smad3 protein to enhancer I
    • Xu L, Kitani A, Stuelten C, McGrady G, Fuss I, Strober W. Positive and negative transcriptional regulation of the Foxp3 gene is mediated by access and binding of the Smad3 protein to enhancer I. Immunity (2010) 33:313-25. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.09.001.
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.33 , pp. 313-325
    • Xu, L.1    Kitani, A.2    Stuelten, C.3    McGrady, G.4    Fuss, I.5    Strober, W.6
  • 186
    • 84862777225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation
    • Josefowicz SZ, Niec RE, Kim HY, Treuting P, Chinen T, Zheng Y, et al. Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation. Nature (2012) 482:395-9. doi:10.1038/nature10772.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.482 , pp. 395-399
    • Josefowicz, S.Z.1    Niec, R.E.2    Kim, H.Y.3    Treuting, P.4    Chinen, T.5    Zheng, Y.6
  • 187
    • 17144400393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells
    • Marie JC, Letterio JJ, Gavin M, Rudensky AY. TGF-beta1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells. J Exp Med (2005) 201:1061-7. doi:10.1084/jem.20042276.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Marie, J.C.1    Letterio, J.J.2    Gavin, M.3    Rudensky, A.Y.4
  • 188
    • 0028806184 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction
    • Kaartinen V, Voncken JW, Shuler C, Warburton D, Bu D, Heisterkamp N, et al. Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Nat Genet (1995) 11:415-21. doi:10.1038/ng1295-415.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 415-421
    • Kaartinen, V.1    Voncken, J.W.2    Shuler, C.3    Warburton, D.4    Bu, D.5    Heisterkamp, N.6
  • 189
    • 0030609894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFbeta2 knockout mice have multiple developmental defects that are non-overlapping with other TGFbeta knockout phenotypes
    • Sanford LP, Ormsby I, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Sariola H, Friedman R, Boivin GP, et al. TGFbeta2 knockout mice have multiple developmental defects that are non-overlapping with other TGFbeta knockout phenotypes. Development (1997) 124:2659-70.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 2659-2670
    • Sanford, L.P.1    Ormsby, I.2    Gittenberger-de Groot, A.C.3    Sariola, H.4    Friedman, R.5    Boivin, G.P.6
  • 190
    • 0028972869 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta 3 is required for secondary palate fusion
    • Proetzel G, Pawlowski SA, Wiles MV, Yin M, Boivin GP, Howles PN, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 3 is required for secondary palate fusion. Nat Genet (1995) 11:409-14. doi:10.1038/ng1295-409.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 409-414
    • Proetzel, G.1    Pawlowski, S.A.2    Wiles, M.V.3    Yin, M.4    Boivin, G.P.5    Howles, P.N.6
  • 191
    • 0036459994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tgfβ2-/-Tgfβ3-/-double knockout mice display severe midline fusion defects and early embryonic lethality
    • Dünker N, Krieglstein K. Tgfβ2-/-Tgfβ3-/-double knockout mice display severe midline fusion defects and early embryonic lethality. Anat Embryol (Berl) (2002) 206:73-83. doi:10.1007/s00429-002-0273-6.
    • (2002) Anat Embryol (Berl) , vol.206 , pp. 73-83
    • Dünker, N.1    Krieglstein, K.2
  • 192
    • 41949090936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 are partially redundant effectors in brain vascular morphogenesis
    • Mu Z, Yang Z, Yu D, Zhao Z, Munger JS. TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 are partially redundant effectors in brain vascular morphogenesis. Mech Dev (2008) 125:508-16. doi:10.1016/j.mod.2008.01.003.
    • (2008) Mech Dev , vol.125 , pp. 508-516
    • Mu, Z.1    Yang, Z.2    Yu, D.3    Zhao, Z.4    Munger, J.S.5
  • 193
    • 64249143104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redundancy of myostatin and growth/differentiation factor 11 function
    • McPherron AC, Huynh TV, Lee S-J. Redundancy of myostatin and growth/differentiation factor 11 function. BMC Dev Biol (2009) 9:24. doi:10.1186/1471-213X-9-24.
    • (2009) BMC Dev Biol , vol.9 , pp. 24
    • McPherron, A.C.1    Huynh, T.V.2    Lee, S.-J.3
  • 194
    • 77949879961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: spontaneous development of IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells in the thymus occurs via a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism
    • Do J, Fink PJ, Li L, Spolski R, Robinson J, Leonard WJ, et al. Cutting edge: spontaneous development of IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells in the thymus occurs via a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism. J Immunol (2010) 184:1675-9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903539.
    • (2010) J Immunol , vol.184 , pp. 1675-1679
    • Do, J.1    Fink, P.J.2    Li, L.3    Spolski, R.4    Robinson, J.5    Leonard, W.J.6
  • 195
    • 58149384437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of ROR-γt in a new thymic pathway leading to IL-17-producing invariant NKT cell differentiation
    • Michel M-L, Mendes-da-Cruz D, Keller AC, Lochner M, Schneider E, Dy M, et al. Critical role of ROR-γt in a new thymic pathway leading to IL-17-producing invariant NKT cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 105:19845-50. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806472105.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 19845-19850
    • Michel, M.-L.1    Mendes-da-Cruz, D.2    Keller, A.C.3    Lochner, M.4    Schneider, E.5    Dy, M.6
  • 196
    • 84886673181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state production of IL-4 modulates immunity in mouse strains and is determined by lineage diversity of iNKT cells
    • Lee YJ, Holzapfel KL, Zhu J, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. Steady-state production of IL-4 modulates immunity in mouse strains and is determined by lineage diversity of iNKT cells. Nat Immunol (2013) 14:1146-54. doi:10.1038/ni.2731.
    • (2013) Nat Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 1146-1154
    • Lee, Y.J.1    Holzapfel, K.L.2    Zhu, J.3    Jameson, S.C.4    Hogquist, K.A.5
  • 197
    • 84872175916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced IL-17-producing invariant NKT cells require activation in presence of TGF-β and IL-1β
    • Monteiro M, Almeida CF, Agua-Doce A, Graca L. Induced IL-17-producing invariant NKT cells require activation in presence of TGF-β and IL-1β. J Immunol (2013) 190:805-11. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201010.
    • (2013) J Immunol , vol.190 , pp. 805-811
    • Monteiro, M.1    Almeida, C.F.2    Agua-Doce, A.3    Graca, L.4
  • 198
    • 84859809966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and function of murine ROR t+ iNKT cells are under TGF-signaling control
    • Havenar-Daughton C, Li S, Benlagha K, Marie JC. Development and function of murine ROR t+ iNKT cells are under TGF-signaling control. Blood (2012) 119:3486-94. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-01-401604.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.119 , pp. 3486-3494
    • Havenar-Daughton, C.1    Li, S.2    Benlagha, K.3    Marie, J.C.4
  • 199
    • 84856090875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, rejuvenation, and epigenetic reprogramming: resetting the aging clock
    • Rando TA, Chang HY. Aging, rejuvenation, and epigenetic reprogramming: resetting the aging clock. Cell (2012) 148:46-57. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.003.
    • (2012) Cell , vol.148 , pp. 46-57
    • Rando, T.A.1    Chang, H.Y.2
  • 200
    • 17444372347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection
    • Douek DC, McFarland RD, Keiser PH, Gage EA, Massey JM, Haynes BF, et al. Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature (1998) 396:690-5. doi:10.1038/25374.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 690-695
    • Douek, D.C.1    McFarland, R.D.2    Keiser, P.H.3    Gage, E.A.4    Massey, J.M.5    Haynes, B.F.6
  • 201
    • 76149138164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat-storing multilocular cells expressing CCR5 increase in the thymus with advancing age: potential role for CCR5 ligands on the differentiation and migration of preadipocytes
    • Coelho VDM, Bunbury A, Rangel LB, Giri B, Weeraratna A, Morin PJ, et al. Fat-storing multilocular cells expressing CCR5 increase in the thymus with advancing age: potential role for CCR5 ligands on the differentiation and migration of preadipocytes. Int J Med Sci (2010) 7:1-14. doi:10.7150/ijms.7.1.
    • (2010) Int J Med Sci , vol.7 , pp. 1-14
    • Coelho, V.D.M.1    Bunbury, A.2    Rangel, L.B.3    Giri, B.4    Weeraratna, A.5    Morin, P.J.6
  • 202
    • 84902344060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and immunity-impact of behavioral intervention
    • Müller L, Pawelec G. Aging and immunity-impact of behavioral intervention. Brain Behav Immun (2014) 39:8-22. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015.
    • (2014) Brain Behav Immun , vol.39 , pp. 8-22
    • Müller, L.1    Pawelec, G.2
  • 203
    • 84884166992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymic rejuvenation and aging
    • Ventevogel MS, Sempowski GD. Thymic rejuvenation and aging. Curr Opin Immunol (2013) 25:516-22. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.06.002.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 516-522
    • Ventevogel, M.S.1    Sempowski, G.D.2
  • 204
    • 23444461765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of thymic regeneration in mice and humans following androgen blockade
    • Sutherland JS, Goldberg GL, Hammett MV, Uldrich AP, Berzins SP, Heng TS, et al. Activation of thymic regeneration in mice and humans following androgen blockade. J Immunol (2005) 175:2741-53. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2741.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 2741-2753
    • Sutherland, J.S.1    Goldberg, G.L.2    Hammett, M.V.3    Uldrich, A.P.4    Berzins, S.P.5    Heng, T.S.6
  • 205
    • 78449265388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of age-related thymic involution by an LHRH agonist in miniature swine
    • Hirakata A, Okumi M, Griesemer AD, Shimizu A, Nobori S, Tena A, et al. Reversal of age-related thymic involution by an LHRH agonist in miniature swine. Transpl Immunol (2010) 24:76-81. doi:10.1016/j.trim.2010.08.001.
    • (2010) Transpl Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 76-81
    • Hirakata, A.1    Okumi, M.2    Griesemer, A.D.3    Shimizu, A.4    Nobori, S.5    Tena, A.6
  • 206
    • 84862491835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor-7 partially reverses murine thymocyte progenitor aging by repression of Ink4a
    • Berent-Maoz B, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Signer RAJ, Dorshkind K. Fibroblast growth factor-7 partially reverses murine thymocyte progenitor aging by repression of Ink4a. Blood (2012) 119:5715-21. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-12-400002.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.119 , pp. 5715-5721
    • Berent-Maoz, B.1    Montecino-Rodriguez, E.2    Signer, R.A.J.3    Dorshkind, K.4
  • 207
    • 33947192136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained thymopoiesis and improvement in functional immunity induced by exogenous KGF administration in murine models of aging
    • Min D, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Kuro-o M, Holländer GA, Blazar BR, Weinberg KI. Sustained thymopoiesis and improvement in functional immunity induced by exogenous KGF administration in murine models of aging. Blood (2007) 109:2529-37. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-043794.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 2529-2537
    • Min, D.1    Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A.2    Kuro-o, M.3    Holländer, G.A.4    Blazar, B.R.5    Weinberg, K.I.6
  • 208
    • 66249095342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH replacement upon thymus function in adult patients
    • Morrhaye G, Kermani H, Legros J-J, Baron F, Beguin Y, Moutschen M, et al. Impact of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH replacement upon thymus function in adult patients. PLoS One (2009) 4:e5668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005668.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Morrhaye, G.1    Kermani, H.2    Legros, J.-J.3    Baron, F.4    Beguin, Y.5    Moutschen, M.6
  • 209
    • 77955277916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways
    • Taub DD, Murphy WJ, Longo DL. Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways. Curr Opin Pharmacol (2010) 10:408-24. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 408-424
    • Taub, D.D.1    Murphy, W.J.2    Longo, D.L.3
  • 210
    • 6344226099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-7 gene therapy in aging restores early thymopoiesis without reversing involution
    • Phillips JA, Brondstetter TI, English CA, Lee HE, Virts EL, Thoman ML. IL-7 gene therapy in aging restores early thymopoiesis without reversing involution. J Immunol (2004) 173:4867-74. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.4867.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 4867-4874
    • Phillips, J.A.1    Brondstetter, T.I.2    English, C.A.3    Lee, H.E.4    Virts, E.L.5    Thoman, M.L.6
  • 211
    • 84887817115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical strategies to enhance thymic recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Velardi E, Dudakov JA, Van den Brink MRM. Clinical strategies to enhance thymic recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunol Lett (2013) 155:31-5. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2013.09.016.
    • (2013) Immunol Lett , vol.155 , pp. 31-35
    • Velardi, E.1    Dudakov, J.A.2    Van den Brink, M.R.M.3
  • 212
    • 82155201761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of Foxn1 attenuates age-associated thymic involution and prevents the expansion of peripheral CD4 memory T cells
    • Zook EC, Krishack PA, Zhang S, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Firulli AB, Witte PL, et al. Overexpression of Foxn1 attenuates age-associated thymic involution and prevents the expansion of peripheral CD4 memory T cells. Blood (2011) 118:5723-31. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-342097.
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 5723-5731
    • Zook, E.C.1    Krishack, P.A.2    Zhang, S.3    Zeleznik-Le, N.J.4    Firulli, A.B.5    Witte, P.L.6
  • 213
    • 84898727454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of the aged thymus by a single transcription factor
    • Bredenkamp N, Nowell CS, Blackburn CC. Regeneration of the aged thymus by a single transcription factor. Development (2014) 141:1627-37. doi:10.1242/dev.103614.
    • (2014) Development , vol.141 , pp. 1627-1637
    • Bredenkamp, N.1    Nowell, C.S.2    Blackburn, C.C.3
  • 215
    • 84900323323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring systemic GDF11 levels reverses age-related dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle
    • Sinha M, Jang YC, Oh J, Khong D, Wu EY, Manohar R, et al. Restoring systemic GDF11 levels reverses age-related dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle. Science (2014) 344:649-52. doi:10.1126/science.1251152.
    • (2014) Science , vol.344 , pp. 649-652
    • Sinha, M.1    Jang, Y.C.2    Oh, J.3    Khong, D.4    Wu, E.Y.5    Manohar, R.6
  • 216
  • 217
    • 84920945268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth differentiation factor 11 is a protective factor for osteoblastogenesis by targeting PPARgamma
    • Zhang Y, Shao J, Wang Z, Yang T, Liu S, Liu Y, et al. Growth differentiation factor 11 is a protective factor for osteoblastogenesis by targeting PPARgamma. Gene (2014) 557(2):6-11. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.039.
    • (2014) Gene , vol.557 , Issue.2 , pp. 6-11
    • Zhang, Y.1    Shao, J.2    Wang, Z.3    Yang, T.4    Liu, S.5    Liu, Y.6
  • 218
    • 84938748816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth differentiation factor 11 supports migration and sprouting of endothelial progenitor cells
    • Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Strassburg S. Growth differentiation factor 11 supports migration and sprouting of endothelial progenitor cells. J Surg Res (2015) 198(1):1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.001.
    • (2015) J Surg Res , vol.198 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Finkenzeller, G.1    Stark, G.B.2    Strassburg, S.3
  • 219
    • 84898042418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β superfamily ligand trap ACE-536 corrects anemia by promoting late-stage erythropoiesis
    • Suragani RNVS, Cadena SM, Cawley SM, Sako D, Mitchell D, Li R, et al. Transforming growth factor-β superfamily ligand trap ACE-536 corrects anemia by promoting late-stage erythropoiesis. Nat Med (2014) 20:408-14. doi:10.1038/nm.3512.
    • (2014) Nat Med , vol.20 , pp. 408-414
    • Suragani, R.N.V.S.1    Cadena, S.M.2    Cawley, S.M.3    Sako, D.4    Mitchell, D.5    Li, R.6
  • 220
  • 221
    • 84860315775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated aging versus rejuvenation of the immune system in heterochronic parabiosis
    • Pishel I, Shytikov D, Orlova T, Peregudov A, Artyuhov I, Butenko G. Accelerated aging versus rejuvenation of the immune system in heterochronic parabiosis. Rejuvenation Res (2012) 15:239-48. doi:10.1089/rej.2012.1331.
    • (2012) Rejuvenation Res , vol.15 , pp. 239-248
    • Pishel, I.1    Shytikov, D.2    Orlova, T.3    Peregudov, A.4    Artyuhov, I.5    Butenko, G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.