Collagen and gelatin

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology

Volumn 6, Issue , 2015, Pages 527-557

  Liu, Dasong ^a   Nikoo, Mehdi ^b   Boran, Gökhan ^c   Zhou, Peng ^a   Regenstein, Joe M ^d  

^a JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b URMIA UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^c YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^d Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioactivity; Biological effects; Collagen; Gelatin; Nonconventional applications

Indexed keywords

BIOACTIVITY; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIODEGRADABILITY; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; MAMMALS; NUTRITION; PEPTIDES;

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES; EXTRACTION CONDITIONS; FOOD-DERIVED PEPTIDES; GELATIN; GELATIN HYDROLYSATES; MAMMALIAN COUNTERPARTS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS;

COLLAGEN;

MAMMALIA;

COLLAGEN; GELATIN;

ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN AND ITS APPENDAGES; HUMAN; PROTEIN CONFORMATION;

ANIMALS; COLLAGEN; FEMALE; GELATIN; HUMANS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; SKIN PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA;

EID: 84928492810     PISSN: 19411413     EISSN: 19411421     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-031414-111800     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Aito-Inoue M, Lackeyram D, Fan MZ, Sato K,Mine Y. 2007. Transport of a tripeptide, Gly-Pro-Hyp, across the porcine intestinal brush-border membrane. J. Pept. Sci. 13:468-74
2. Aito-Inoue M, Ohtsuki K, Nakamura Y, Park EY, Iwai K, et al. 2006. Improvement in isolation and identification of food-derived peptides in human plasma based on precolumn derivatization of peptides with phenyl isothiocyanate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:5261-66
3. Alemán A, Giménez B, Pérez-Santin E, Gómez-Guillén MC, Montero P. 2011a. Contribution of Leu and Hyp residues to antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of peptide sequences isolated from squid gelatin hydrolysate. Food Chem. 125:334-41
4. Alemán A,Pérez-Santín E, Bordenave-Juchereau S,Arnaudin I,Gómez-GuillénMC,Montero P. 2011b. Squid gelatin hydrolysates with antihypertensive, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Food Res. Int. 44:1044-51
5. Alves PMA, Carvalho RA, Moraes ICF, Luciano CG, Bittante AMQB, Sobral PJA. 2011. Development of films based on blends of gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol) cross linked with glutaraldehyde. Food Hydrocolloids 25:1751-57
6. Andreuccetti C, Carvalho RA, Grosso CRF. 2009. Effect of hydrophobic plasticizers on functional properties of gelatin-based films. Food Res. Int. 42:1113-21
7. Arvanitoyannis IS, Nakayama A, Aiba S. 1998. Chitosan and gelatin based edible films: state diagrams, mechanical and permeation properties. Carbohyd. Polym. 37:371-82
8. Ashmarin IP. 2007. Glyprolines in regulatory tripeptides. Neurochem. J. 1:173-75
9. Bae I, Osatomi K, Yoshida A, Osako K, Yamaguchi A, Hara K. 2008. Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilised fishes. Food Chem. 108:49-54
10. Baines ZV,Morris ER. 1987. Flavour/taste perception in thickened systems: the effect of guar gum above and below C. Food Hydrocoll. 1:197-205
11. Bak JB, Singh A, Shekarriz B. 2004. Use of gelatin matrix thrombin tissue sealant as an effective hemostatic agent during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. J. Urol. 171:780-82
12. Bauza E, Oberto G, Berghi A, Dal CF, Domloge N. 2004. Collagen-like peptide exhibits a remarkable antiwrinkle effect on the skin when topically applied: in vivo study. Int. J. Tissue React. 26:105-11
13. Benjakul S, Thiansilakul Y, VisessanguanW, Roytrakul S, KishimuraH, et al. 2010. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagens from the skin of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus and Priacanthus macracanthus). J. Sci. Food Agric. 90:132-38
14. Bigi A, Cojazzi G, Panzavolta S, Rubini K, RoveriN. 2001. Mechanical and thermal properties of gelatin films at different degrees of glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Biomaterials 22:763-68
15. Boran G, ed. 2013. Gelatin: Production, Applications and Health Implications. New York: Nova Sci. Publ.
16. Buraczewska I, Berne B, Lindberg M, Torma H, Loden M. 2007. Changes in skin barrier function following long-term treatment with moisturizers: a randomized controlled trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 156:492-98
17. Cao N, Fu YH, He JH. 2007. Mechanical properties of gelatin films cross-linked, respectively, by ferulic acid and tannin acid. Food Hydrocoll. 21:575-84
18. CaoN, YangXM, Fu YH. 2009. Effects of various plasticizers on mechanical andwater vapor barrier properties of gelatin films. Food Hydrocoll. 23:729-35
19. Chen WY, Abatangelo G. 1999. Functions of hyaluronan in wound repair. Wound Repair Regen. 7:79-89
20. Cheng H, Leblond CP. 1974. Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. I. Columnar cell. Am. J. Anat. 141:461-80
21. Damodaran S. 2007. Inhibition of ice crystal growth in ice cream mix by gelatin hydrolysate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:10918-23
22. Daniel H. 2004. Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66:361-84
23. Darnell JE Jr. 1997. STATs and gene regulation. Science 277:1630-35
24. DrumlW, Lochs H, Roth E, Hubl W, Balcke P, Lenz K. 1991. Utilization of tyrosine dipeptides and acetyltyrosine in normal and uremic humans. Am. J. Physiol. 260:E280-85
25. Du M, McCormick RJ, eds. 2009. Applied Muscle Biology and Meat Science. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press
26. Duan R, Konno K, Zhang JJ, Wang SJ, Yuan CH. 2010. Different thermostability of collagens from scale of carp (Cyprinus carpio) in winter and summer. J. Food Biochem. 34:1275-87
27. Duan R, Zhang JJ, Li J, Zhong XH, Konno K, Wen HB. 2012. The effect of the subunit composition on the thermostability of collagens from the scales of freshwater fish. Food Chem. 135:127-32
28. Flores-Fernández GM, Solá RJ, Griebenow K. 2009. The relation between moisture-induced aggregation and structural changes in lyophilized insulin. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 61:1555-61
29. Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Alfieri A. 2013. Use of gelatin sponge and matrix hemostatics sealent in neurosurgery. See Boran 2013, pp. 123-36
30. George A, Malone JP, Veis A. 1999. The secondary structure of type I collagen N-telopeptide as demonstrated by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy andmolecular modeling. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Chem. Sci. 111:121-31
31. Giménez B, Gómez-Guillén MC, López-Caballero ME, Gómez-Estaca J, Montero P. 2012. Role of sepiolite in the release of active compounds from gelatin-egg white films. Food Hydrocoll. 27:475-86
32. Giri A, Ohshima T. 2012. Bioactive marine peptides: nutraceutical value and novel approaches. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 65:73-105
33. Glattstein B, Shor Y, Levin N, Zeichner A. 1996. pH indicators as chemical reagents for the enhancement of footwear marks. J. Forensic Sci. 41:23-26
34. Glattstein B, Vinokurov A, Levin N, Zeichner A. 2000. Improved method for shooting distance estimation. Part 1. Bullet holes in clothing items. J. Forensic Sci. 45:801-6
35. Goi T, Shipitsin M, Lu Z, Foster DA, Klinz SG, Feig LA. 2000. An EGF receptor/Ral-GTPase signaling cascade regulates c-Src activity and substrate specificity. EMBO J. 19:623-30
36. Gómez-Estaca J, Bravo L,Gómez-Guillén MC, Alemán A, Montero P. 2009a. Antioxidant properties of tunaskin and bovine-hide gelatin films induced by the addition of oregano and rosemary extracts. Food Chem. 112:18-25
37. Gómez-Estaca J, Giménez B, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MC. 2009b. Incorporation of antioxidant borage extract into edible films based on sole skin gelatin or a commercial fish gelatin. J. Food Eng. 92:78-85
38. Gómez-Estaca J, López de Lacey A, López-Caballero ME,Gómez-Guillén MC,Montero P. 2010. Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. Food Microbiol. 27:889-96
39. Guo L,Hou H, Li B, Zhang Z,Wang S, et al. 2013. Preparation, isolation and identification of iron-chelating peptides derived from Alaska pollock skin. Process Biochem. 48:988-93
40. Harnedy PA, FitzGerald RJ. 2012. Bioactive peptides from marine processing waste and shellfish: a review. J. Funct. Foods 4:6-24
41. Haug IJ, Draget KI. 2009. Gelatin. In Handbook of Hydrocolloids, ed. GO Phillips, PA Williams, pp. 142-63. Cambridge:Woodhead Publ.
42. Heu MS, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Jee SJ, Lee JS, et al. 2010. Characterization of acid-and pepsin-soluble collagens from flatfish skin. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 10:27-33
43. Hidalgo IJ, Brochardt TJ. 1989. Characterization of the human colon carcinoma cell cline (Caco-2) as a model system for intestinal epithelial permeability. Gastroenterology 96:736-49
44. Himaya SWA, Ngo DH, Ryu B, Kim SK. 2012a. An active peptide purified from gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysate of Pacific cod skin gelatin attenuates angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cellular oxidative stress. Food Chem. 132:1872-82
45. Himaya SWA, Ryu B,Ngo DH, Kim SK. 2012b. Peptide isolated from Japanese flounder skin gelatin protects against cellular oxidative damage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60:9112-19
46. Hubl W, DrumlW, Langer K, Lochs H. 1989. Influence of molecular structure and plasma hydrolysis on the metabolism of glutamine-containing dipeptides in humans. Metabolism 38:59-62
47. Hulmes DJS, Killer A, Parrv AD, Piez KA,Woodhead-Galloway J. 1973. Analysis of the primary structure of collagen for the origin of molecular packing. J. Mol. Biol. 79:137-48
48. Ichikawa S, Morifuji M, Ohara H, Matsumoto H, Takeuchi Y, Sato K. 2010. Hydroxyproline-containing dipeptides and tripeptides quantified at high concentration in human blood after oral administration of gelatin hydrolysate. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 61:52-60
49. Ichimura T, Yamanaka A, Otsuka T, Yamashita E, Maruyama S. 2009. Antihypertensive effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of collagen and gly-pro in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73:2317-19
50. Itano N, Kimata K. 2002. Mammalian hyaluronan synthase. IUBMB Life 54:195-99
51. Iwai K, Hasegawa T, Taguchi Y, Morimatsu F, Sato K, et al. 2005. Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:6531-36
52. Jaime I,Mela DJ, Bratchell N. 1993. A study of texture-flavor interactions using free-choice profiling. J. Sens. Stud. 8:177-88
53. Khantaphant S, Benjakul S. 2008. Comparative study on the proteases from fish pyloric caeca and the use for production of gelatin hydrolysate with antioxidative activity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 151:410-19
54. Kim S, Wijesekara I. 2010. Development and biological activities of marine derived bioactive peptides: a review. J. Funct. Foods 2:1-9
55. Kim SK, Kim YT, Byun HG,Nam KS, Joo DS, Shahidi F. 2001. Isolation and characterization of antioxidative peptides from gelatin hydrolysate of Alaska pollack skin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1984-89
56. Kittiphattanabawon P, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Shahidi F. 2012a. Cryoprotective effect of gelatin hydrolysate from blacktip shark skin on surimi subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 47:437-42
57. Kittiphattanabawon P, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Shahidi F. 2012b. Gelatin hydrolysate from blacktip shark skin prepared using papaya latex enzyme: antioxidant activity and its potential in model systems. Food Chem. 135:1118-26
58. Kittiphattanabawon P, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Shahidi F. 2013. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme, human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from blacktip shark gelatin. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 51:177-82
59. Klompong V, Benjakul S, Kantachote D, Hayes KD, Shahidi F. 2008. Comparative study on antioxidative activity of yellow stripe trevally protein hydrolysate produced from alcalase and flavourzyme. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 43:1019-26
60. Kono T, Tanii T, Furukawa M, Mizuno N, Kitajima J, et al. 1990. Cell cycle analysis of human dermal fibroblasts cultured on or in hydrated type I collagen lattices. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 282:258-62
61. Krochta JM, Baldwin EA, Nisperos-CarriedoMO, eds. 1994. Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press
62. Laskin DL, Kimura T, Sakakibara S, Riley DJ, Berg RA. 1986. Chemotactic activity of collagen-like polypeptides for human peripheral blood neutrophils. J. Leukocyte Biol. 39:255-66
63. Li W, Fan J, Chen M, Guan S, Sawcer D, et al. 2004. Mechanism for human dermal fibroblast migration driven by type I collagen and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Mol. Biol. Cell 15:294-309
64. Li-Chan ECY,Huang SL, Jao CL,Ho KP, Hsu KC. 2012. Peptides derived from Atlantic salmon skin gelatin as dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60:973-78
65. Lima SLT, JesusMB, Sousa RRR, Okamoto AK, Lima R, Fraceto LF. 2008. Estudo da atividade proteoĺtica de enzimas presentes em frutos. Qúmica Nova na Escola 28:47-49
66. Lin L, Lv S, Li B. 2012. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory and antihypertensive properties of squid skin gelatin hydrolysates. Food Chem. 131:225-30
67. LiuDS, Liang L, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2012. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chem. 133:1441-48
68. Liu WT, Li GY, Miao YQ, Wu XH. 2009. Preparation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized type I collagen from the scales of snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus). J. Food Biochem. 33:20-37
69. Liu ZY, Oliveira ACM, Su YC. 2010. Characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from skin and connective tissue of giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus). J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:1270-74
70. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharma. Rev. 4:118-26
71. Madene A, Jacquot M, Scher J, Desobry S. 2006. Flavour encapsulation and controlled release: a review. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 41:1-21
72. Martucci JF, Accareddu AEM, Ruseckaite RA. 2012. Preparation and characterization of plasticized gelatin films cross-linked with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde. J. Mater. Sci. 47:2382-3292
73. Martucci JF, Ruseckaite RA, Vázquez A. 2006. Creep of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin films. Mat. Sci. Eng. A 435-36:681-86
74. Matsuda N, Koyama Y, Hosaka Y, Ueda H, Watanabe T, et al. 2006. Effects of ingestion of collagen peptide on collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans in the dermis. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 52:211-15
75. Matsumoto H, Ohara H, Itoh K, Nakamura Y, Takahashi S. 2006. Clinical effect of fish type I collagen hydrolysate on skin properties. ITE Lett. 7:386-90
76. McCormick RJ. 2009. Collagen. See Du & McCormick 2009, pp. 127-46
77. Mendis E, Rajapakse N, Byun HG, Kim SK. 2005a. Investigation of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin gelatin peptides for their in vitro antioxidant effects. Life Sci. 77:2166-78
78. Mendis E, Rajapakse N, Kim SK. 2005b. Antioxidant properties of a radical-scavenging peptide purified from enzymatically prepared fish skin gelatin hydrolysate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:581-87
79. Mills S, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross RP. 2011. New developments and applications of bacteriocins and peptides in foods. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 2:299-329
80. Minaguchi J, Koyama Y, Meguri N, Hosaka Y, Ueda H, et al. 2005. Effects of ingestion of collagen peptide on collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans in Achilles tendon. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 51:169-74
81. Mizuta S, Hwang JH, Yoshinaka R. 2003. Molecular species of collagen in pectoral fin cartilage of skate (Raja kenojei ). Food Chem. 80:1-7
82. Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004a. Characterisation of acid soluble collagen from skins of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chem. 85:81-89
83. Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004b. Extraction and physico-chemical characterisation ofNile perch (Lates niloticus) skin and bone gelatin. Food Hydrocoll. 18:581-92
84. Nagai T, Suzuki N, Nagashima T. 2008. Collagen from common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) unesu. Food Chem. 111:296-301
85. Nakaba M, Koikeda T, Saitou Y. 2007. Effect of the elastin peptide derived from fish species for human skin. J. New Rem. Clin. 56:109-15
86. Ngo DH, Qian ZJ, Ryu BM, Partk JW, Kim SK. 2010. In vitro antioxidant activity of a peptide isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scale gelatin in free radical-mediated oxidative systems. J. Funct. Foods 2:107-17
87. NgoDH, Ryu B, VoTS, Himaya SWA, Wijesekara I, Kim SK. 2011. Free radical scavenging and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) skin gelatin. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 49:1110-16
88. Nikoo M, Benjakul S, Ehsani A, Jing L, FengfengW, et al. 2014. Antioxidant and cryoprotective effects of a tetrapeptide isolated from Amur sturgeon skin gelatin. J. Funct. Foods 7:609-20
89. Nikoo M, Regenstein JM, Ghomi MR, Benjakul S, Yang N, Xu X. 2015. Study of the combined effects of a gelatin-derived cryoprotective peptide and a non-peptide antioxidant in a fish mince model system. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 60:358-64
90. Nimni ME, Harkness RD. 1988. Molecular structures and functions of collagen. In Collagen, ed.MENimni, pp. 1-78. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press
91. Nishimoto M, Sakamoto R, Mizuta S, Yoshinaka R. 2005. Identification and characterization of molecular species of collagen in ordinary muscle and skin of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Food Chem. 90:151-56
92. Obara Y, Yamai S, Nikkawa T, Shimoda Y, Miyamoto Y. 1981. Preservation and transportation of bacteria by a simple gelatin disk method. J. Clin. Microbiol. 14:61-66
93. Oesser S, Adam M, Babel W, Seifert J. 1999. Oral administration of 14C labeled gelatin hydrolysate leads to an accumulation of radioactivity in cartilage of mice (C57/BL). J. Nutr. 129:1891-95
94. Ogawa M, Portier R, Moody MW, Bell J, Schexnayder MA, Losso JN. 2004. Biochemical properties of bone and scale collagens isolated from the subtropical fish black drum (Pogonia cromis) and sheepshead seabream (Archosargus probatocephalus). Food Chem. 88:495-501
95. Ohara H, Ichikawa S, Matsumoto H, Akiyama M, Fujimoto N, et al. 2010. Collagen-derived dipeptide, proline-hydroxyproline, stimulates cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured human derma fibroblasts. J. Dermatol. 37:330-38
96. OharaH,Matsumoto H, ItoK, IwaiK, SatoK. 2007. Comparison of quantity and structures of hydroxyproline containing peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates from different sources. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:1532-35
97. Oz MC, Cosgrove DMIII, Badduke BR, Hill JD, Flannery MR, et al. 2000. Controlled clinical trial of a novel hemostatic agent in cardiac surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 69:1376-82
98. Pangborn RM, Szczesniak AS. 1974. Effect of hydrocolloids and viscosity on flavor and odor intensities of aromatic flavor compounds. J. Texture Stud. 4:467-82
99. Pe ña C, De La Caba K, Eceiza A, Ruseckaite R, Mondragon I. 2010. Enhancing water repellence and mechanical properties of gelatin films by tannin addition. Bioresource Technol. 101:6836-42
100. Phanturat P, Benjakul S, VisessanguanW, Roytrakul S. 2010. Use of pyloric caeca extract from bigeye snapper (Priacanthus macracanthus) for the production of gelatin hydrolysate with antioxidative activity. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 43:86-97
101. Postlethwaite AE, Kang A. 1976. Collagen and collagen peptide induced chemotaxis of human blood monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 143:1299-307
102. Postlethwaite AE, Seyer JM, Kang AH. 1978. Chemotactic attraction of human fibroblasts to type I, II, and III collagens and collagen-derived peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:871-75
103. Proksch E, Segger D, Degwert J, Schunck M, Zague V, Oesser S. 2014. Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 27:47-55
104. Regenstein JM, Chaudry MM, Regenstein CE. 2003. The kosher and halal food laws. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. F 2:111-17
105. Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2007. Collagen and gelatin from marine by-product. In Maximising the Value of Marine By-Products, ed. F Shahidi, pp. 279-303. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press
106. Rivero S, Garcá MA, Pinotti A. 2010. Correlations between structural, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized gelatin films. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 11:369-75
107. Saavalainen K, Pasonen-Seppanen S, Dunlop TW, Tammi R, Tammi MI, Carlberg C. 2005. The human hyaluronan synthase 2 gene is a primary retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor responding gene. J. Biol. Chem. 280:14636-44
108. Saito M, Takenouchi Y, Kunisaki N, Kimura S. 2001. Complete primary structure of rainbow trout type I collagen consisting of 1(I)2(I)3(I) heterotrimers. Eur. J. Biochem. 268:2817-27
109. Samaranayaka AGP, Li-Chan ECY. 2011. Food-derived peptidic antioxidants: a review of their production, assessment, and potential applications. J. Funct. Foods 3:229-54
110. Sarmadi B, Ismail A. 2010. Antioxidative peptides from food proteins: a review. Peptides 31:1949-56
111. Sato K, Iwai K, Aito-Inoue M. 2008. Identification of food-derived bioactive peptides in blood and other biological samples. J. AOAC Int. 91:995-1001
112. Sato K, Yoshinaka R, Sato M, Itoh Y, Shimizu Y. 1988. Isolation of type I and V collagens from carp muscle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90:155-58
113. Sato K, Yoshinaka R, Sato M, Tomita J. 1989. Biochemical characterization of collagen in myocommata and endomysium fractions of carp and spotted mackerel muscle. J. Food Sci. 54:1511-14
114. Secouard S, Malhiac C, Grisel M, Decroix B. 2003. Release of limonene from polysaccharidematrices: viscosity and synergy effect. Food Chem. 82:227-34
115. SenphanT, Benjakul S. 2014. Antioxidative activities of hydrolysates from seabass skin prepared using protease from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp. J. Funct. Foods 6:147-56
116. Shahidi F, Zhong Y. 2010. Novel antioxidants in food quality preservation and health promotion. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 112:930-40
117. Shigemura Y, Akaba S, Kawashima E, Park EY, Nakamura Y, Sato K. 2011. Identification of a novel foodderived collagen peptide, hydroxyprolyl-glycine, in human peripheral blood by pre-column derivatisation with phenyl isothiocyanate. Food Chem. 129:1019-24
118. Shigemura Y, Iwai K, Morimatsu F, Iwamoto T, Mori T, et al. 2009. Effect of prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), a food-derived collagen peptide in human blood, on growth of fibroblasts from mouse skin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:444-49
119. Shigemura Y, Nakaba M, Shiratsuchi E, Suyama M, Yamada M, et al. 2012. Identification of food-derived elastin peptide, prolyl-glycine (Pro-Gly), in human blood after ingestion of elastin hydrolysate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60:5128-33
120. Shubhra QTH. 2013. Gelatin film and fiber reinforced gelatin composites. See Boran 2013, pp. 87-110
121. Silva Neves KC, Porto ALF, Teixeira MFS. 2006. Selecao de leveduras da regiao amazonica para producao de protease extracellular. Acta Amazonica 36:299-306
122. Stamp L. 1947. The preservation of bacteria by drying. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1:251-65
123. Sugihara F, Inoue N, Kuwamori M, Taniguchi M. 2012. Quantification of hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) in human blood after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 113:202-3
124. Sun L, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y. 2013. Antiphotoaging effect and purification of an antioxidant peptide from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gelatin peptides. J. Funct. Foods 5:154-62
125. Tanaka M, Koyama Y-I, Nomura Y. 2009. Effects of collagen peptide ingestion on UVB-induced skin damage. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73:930-32
126. Terta M, Blekas G, Paraskevopoulou A. 2006. Retention of selected aroma compounds by polysaccharide solutions: a thermodynamic and kinetic approach. Food Hydrocoll. 20:863-71
127. Vanin FM, Sobral PJA, Menegalli FC, Carvalho RA, Habitante AMQB. 2005. Effects of plasticizers and their concentrations on thermal and functional properties of gelatin-based films. Food Hydrocoll. 19:899-907
128. Velasco J, Dobarganes C, Márquez-Ruiz G. 2010. Oxidative rancidity in foods and food quality. In Chemical Deterioration and Physical Instability of Food and Beverages, ed. LF Skibested, J Risbo, ML Andersen, pp. 3-32. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publ.
129. Vermelho AB, Meirelles MNL, Lopes A, Petinate SDG, Chaia AA, Branquinha MH. 1996. Detection of extracellular proteases from microorganisms on agar plates. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 91:755-60
130. Vinokurov A, Glattstein B, Shor Y. 1998. The use of an adhesive lifter and pH indicator for the removal and enhancement of shoeprints in dust. J. Forensic Sci. 43:182-84
131. Wang L, An XX, Yang FM, Xin ZH, Zhao LY, Hu QH. 2008. Isolation and characterisation of collagens from the skin, scale and bone of deep-sea redfish (Sebastes mentella). Food Chem. 108:616-23
132. Wang S, Agyare K, Damodaran S. 2009. Optimisation of hydrolysis conditions and fractionation of peptide cryoprotectants from gelatin hydrolysate. Food Chem. 115:620-30
133. Watanabe-Kamiyama M, Shimizu M, Kamiyama S, Taguchi Y, Sone H, et al. 2010. Absorption and effectiveness of orally administered low molecular weight collagen hydrolysate in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:835-41
134. Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Fontaine K, Pierard GE. 2008. Kinetics of moisturizing and firming effects of cosmetic formulations. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 30:131-38
135. Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. 2007. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy. Br. J. Dermatol. 157:874-87
136. Zague V. 2008. A new view concerning the effects of collagen hydrolysate intake on skin properties. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 300:479-83
137. Zague V, de Freitas V, da Costa Rosa M, de Castro GA, Jaeger RG, Machado-Santelli GM. 2011. Collagen hydrolysate intake increases skin collagen expression and suppresses matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity. J. Med. Food 14:618-24
138. Zhang Y, Duan X, Zhuang Y. 2012. Purification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin. Peptides 38:13-21
139. Zhou P, Mulvaney SJ, Regenstein JM. 2006. Properties of Alaska pollock skin gelatin: a comparison with tilapia and pork skin gelatins. J. Food Sci. 71:C313-21
140. Zhou P, Regenstein JM. 2004. Optimization of extraction conditions for pollock skin gelatin. J. Food Sci. 69:C393-98
141. Zhou P, Regenstein JM. 2005. Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatments on Alaska pollock skin gelatin extraction. J. Food Sci. 70:C392-96
142. Zhou P, Regenstein JM. 2009. Fish muscle. See Du & McCormick 2009, pp. 279-303
143. Zivanovic S, Chi S, Draughon AF. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan films enriched with essential oils. J. Food Sci. 70:M45-51