The Motivating Operations Concept: Current Status and Critical Response

Psychological Record

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 601-623

  Laraway, Sean ^a   Snycerski, Susan ^a   Olson, Ryan ^b,c   Becker, Bernd ^a   Poling, Alan ^d  

^a SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Abative effect; Abolishing operations; Conditioned motivating operations; Consequence valuing operations; Establishing operations; Evocative effect; Motivating operations; Motivation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919627461     PISSN: 00332933     EISSN: 21633452     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-014-0080-5     Document Type: Article

References (230)

1. Agnew, J. L. (1997). The establishing operation in organizational behavior management. J Organ Behav Manag, 18(1), 7–19.
2. Ambiguous [Def. 1]. (2013). In Oxford Dictionaries Online. Retrieved June 16, 2013, from http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ambiguous?q=ambiguous.
3. Angst, M. S., & Clark, J. D. (2006). Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology, 104, 570–587. doi:10.1016/j.acpain.2006.09.018.
4. Azrin, N. H., Holz, W. C., & Hake, D. F. (1963). Fixed-ratio punishment. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, 141–148. doi:10.1901/jeab.1963.6-141.
5. Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Cullinen, V. (2000). Relational frame theory and Skinner’s verbal behavior: a possible synthesis. Behavior Analyst, 23, 69–84. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
6. Baron, A. (1991). Avoidance and punishment. In K. A. Lattal & I. H. Iversen (Eds.), Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences, experimental analysis of behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
7. Blakely, E., & Schlinger, H. (1987). Rules: function-altering contingency-specifying stimuli. Behavior Analyst, 10, 183–187. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
8. Byrne, T., Baker, L. E., & Poling, A. (2000). MDMA and learning: Effects of acute and neurotoxic exposure in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 66, 501–508.
9. Carbone, V. J., Morgenstern, B., Zecchin-Tirri, G., & Kolberg, L. (2010). The role of the reflexive-conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R) during discrete trial instruction of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25, 110–124. doi:10.1177/1088357610364393.
10. Cassidy, S. B., & Driscoll, D. J. (2009). Prader-Willi syndrome. European Journal of Human Genetics, 17, 3–13. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.165.
11. Catania, A. C. (1993). Coming to terms with establishing operations. Behavior Analyst, 16, 219–224. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
12. Cherpas, C. (1993). Do establishing operations alter reinforcing effectiveness? Behavior Analyst, 16, 347–349. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
13. Childress, A. R., McLellan, A. T., Ehrman, R., & O’Brien, C. P. (1988). Classically conditioned responses in opioid and cocaine dependence: A role in relapse? In B. A. Ray (Ed.), Learning factors in substance abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph 84. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 88–1576, pp. 25–42). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved from the National Institute on Drug Abuse website: http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/84.pdf.
14. Cipani, E., & Spooner, F. (1997). Treating problem behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 18, 329–342. doi:10.1016/S0891-4222(97)00014-0.
15. Commissaris, R. (1993). Conflict behaviors as animal models for the study of anxiety. In F. van Haaren (Ed.), Research methods in behavioral pharmacology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
16. Domjan, M. (2005). Pavlovian conditioning: a functional perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 179–206. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141409.
17. Dougher, M. J., & Hackbert, L. (2000). Establishing operations, cognition, and emotion. Behavior Analyst, 23, 11–24. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
18. Edrisinha, C., O’Reilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., & Choi, H. Y. (2011). Influence of motivating operations and discriminative stimuli on challenging behavior maintained by positive reinforcement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 836–845. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.006.
19. Egan, C. E., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2009). Emergence of tacts following mand training in young children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 691–696. doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-691.
20. Egan, C. E., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2010). Establishing mand emergence: the effects of three training procedures and modified antecedent conditions. The Psychological Record, 60, 473–448. Retrieved from http://thepsychologicalrecord.siu.edu/.
21. Foxx, R. M., & Shapiro, S. T. (1978). The timeout ribbon: a nonexclusionary timeout procedure. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 125–136. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
22. Goltz, S. M. (2003). Toward an operant model of power in organizations. Behav Anal, 26, 131–150.
23. Gutierrez, A., Jr., Vollmer, T. R., Dozier, C. L., Borrero, J. C., Rapp, J. T., Bourret, J. C., et al. (2007). Manipulating establishing operations to verify and establish stimulus control during mand training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 645–658. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.645-658.
24. Gutierrez, A., Vollmer, T. R., & Samaha, A. L. (2010). Developing and assessing stimulus control based on establishing operations during mand training using representative objects. Behavioral Interventions, 25, 169–182. doi:10.1002/bin.302.
25. Hall, G., & Sundberg, M. L. (1987). Teaching mands by manipulating conditioned establishing operations. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 41–53. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/609/.
26. Hesse, B. E. (1993). The establishing operation revisited. Behavior Analyst, 16, 215–217. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
27. Horner, R. H., Day, H. M., & Day, J. R. (1997). Using neutralizing routines to reduce problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 601–614. doi:10.1901/jaba.1997.30-601.
28. Iwata, B. A., Smith, R. G., & Michael, J. (2000). Current research on the influence of establishing operations on behavior in applied settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 401–410. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
29. Kantowitz, B. H., Roediger, H. L., III, & Elmes, D. G. (2009). Experimental psychology (9th ed.). Belmont: Cengage.
30. Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1950). Principles of psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
31. Kenny, P. J., Chen, S. A., Kitamura, O., Markou, A., & Koob, G. F. (2006). Conditioned withdrawal drives heroin consumption and decreases reward sensitivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 5894–5900. Retrieved from doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0740-06.2006.
32. Klatt, K. P., & Morris, E. K. (2001). The Premack principle, response deprivation, and establishing operations. Behavior Analyst, 24, 173–180. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
33. Krank, M. D. (1987). Conditioned hyperalgesia depends on the pain sensitivity measure. Behavioral Neuroscience, 101, 854–857. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.101.6.854.
34. Krank, M. D., Hinson, R. E., & Siegel, S. (1981). Conditional hyperalgesia is elicited by environmental signals of morphine. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 32, 148–157. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01631047.
35. Langthorne, P., & McGill, P. (2009). A tutorial on the concept of the motivating operation and its importance to application. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 2(2), 22–31. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/1182/.
36. Langthorne, P., McGill, P., & O’Reilly, M. F. (2007). Incorporating motivation into the functional analysis of challenging behavior: on the interactive and integrative potential of the motivating operation. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 466–487. Retrieved from http://bmo.sagepub.com/.
37. Laraway, S., Snycerski, S., Michael, J., & Poling, A. (2003). Motivating operations and some terms to describe them: some further refinements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 407–414. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
38. Lattal, K. A., & Williams, A. M. (1997). Body weight and response acquisition with delayed reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 131–143. doi:10.1901/jeab.1997.67-131.
39. Lejuez, C. W., Hopko, D. R., Levine, S., Gholkar, R., & Collins, L. M. (2005). The therapeutic alliance in behavior therapy. Psychother Theory Res Pract Train, 42(4), 456–468. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.4.456.
40. Lotfizadeh, A. D., Edwards, T. L., Redner, R., & Poling, A. (2012a). Motivating operations affect stimulus control: a largely overlooked phenomenon in discrimination learning. Behavior Analyst, 35, 89–100. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
41. Lotfizadeh, A. D., Redner, R., Edwards, T. L., Quisenberry, A. J., Baker, L. E., & Poling, A. (2012b). Effects of altering motivation for food in rats trained with food reinforcement to discriminate between d-amphetamine and saline injections. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 103, 168–173. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.026.
42. McDevitt, M. A., & Fantino, E. (1993). Establishing operations and the discriminative stimulus. Behavior Analyst, 16, 225–227. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
43. McGill, P. (1999). Establishing operations: implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 393–418. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
44. Michael, J. (1982). Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 149–155. doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149.
45. Michael, J. (1988). Establishing operations and the mand. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 6, 3–9. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/609/.
46. Michael, J. (1993a). Author’s response. Behavior Analyst, 16, 229–236. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
47. Michael, J. (1993b). Concepts and principles of behavior analysis. Kalamazoo: Society for the Advancement of Behavior Analysis.
48. Michael, J. (1993c). Establishing operations. Behavior Analyst, 16, 191–206. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
49. Michael, J. (2000). Implications and refinements of the establishing operation concept. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 401–410. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
50. Michael, J. (2007). Motivating operations. In J. O. Cooper, T. E. Heron, & W. L. Heward (Eds.), Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed., pp. 374–391). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
51. Michael, J., Hixson, M. D., & Clark, J. W. (1997). The role of motivation in the S–R issue. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 239–241. doi:10.1901/jeab.1997.67-239.
52. Miguel, C. F. (2013). Jack Michael’s motivation. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 29, 3–11.
53. Millenson, J. R. (1967). Principles of behavioral analysis. New York: Macmillan.
54. Murphy, C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2009). Establishing derived manding for specific amounts with three children: an attempt at synthesizing Skinner’s Verbal Behavior with Relational Frame Theory. The Psychological Record, 59(1), 75–92. Retrieved from http://thepsychologicalrecord.siu.edu/.
55. Murphy, C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2010). Establishing complex derived manding with children with and without a diagnosis of autism. The Psychological Record, 60(3), 489–504. Retrieved from http://thepsychologicalrecord.siu.edu/.
56. Murphy, C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Barnes-Holmes, Y. (2005). Derived manding in children with autism: synthesizing skinner’s Verbal Behavior with relational frame theory. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38, 445–462. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
57. Nagasako, E. M., Oaklander, A. L., & Dworkin, R. H. (2003). Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update. Pain, 101, 213–219. Retrieved from http://www.journals.elsevier.com/pain/.
58. Nevin, J. A., & Grace, R. C. (2000). Behavioral momentum and the law of effect. Behavioral Brain Sciences, 23, 73–130. Retrieved from http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=bbs.
59. Northup, J., Fusilier, I., Swanson, V., Roane, H., & Borrero, J. (1997). An evaluation of methylphenidate as a potential establishing operation for some common classroom reinforcers. J Appl Behav Anal, 30, 615–625.
60. O’Reilly, M. F., Edrisinha, C., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., & Andrews, A. (2006a). Isolating the evocative and abative effects of an establishing operation on challenging behavior. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 195–204. doi:10.1002/bin.215.
61. O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Edrisinha, C., Cannella, H., Choi, H. Y., & Barretto, A. (2006b). A preliminary examination of the evocative effects of the establishing operation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 239–242. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
62. O’Reilly, M., Edrisinha, C., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., Cannella, H., Machalicek, W., et al. (2007a). Manipulating the evocative and abative effects of an establishing operation: influences on challenging behavior during classroom instruction. Behavioral Interventions, 22(2), 137–145. doi:10.1002/bin.226.
63. O’Reilly, M., Edrisinha, C., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., Machalicek, W., & Antonucci, M. (2007b). The effects of pression attention on subsequent attention-extinction and alone conditions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 731–735. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
64. O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., Rispoli, M., Lang, R., Chan, J., et al. (2008a). Manipulating the behavior-altering effect of the motivating operation: examination of the influence on challenging behavior during leisure activities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(4), 333–340. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2007.06.004.
65. Olson, R., Laraway, S., & Austin, J. (2001). Unconditioned and conditioned establishing operations in organizational behavior management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 21, 7–35. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/worg20/current.
66. Pierce, W. D., & Cheney, C. D. (2008). Behavior analysis and learning (4th ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
67. Poling, A. (1986). A primer of human behavioral pharmacology. New York: Plenum Press.
68. Poling, A. (2001). Comments regarding Olson, Laraway, and Austin (2001). Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 21, 47–56. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/worg20/current.
69. Poling, A., & Byrne, T. (2000). Introduction to behavioral pharmacology. Reno: Context Press.
70. Poling, A., & LeSage, M. (1992). Rule-governed behavior and human behavioral pharmacology: a brief commentary on an important topic. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 10, 37–44. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/609/.
71. Rasmussen, E. B. (2006). “Behavior-releasing” effects of drugs: anti-punishment and anti-conflict procedures. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 32, 73–91. Retrieved from http://rmac-mx.org/.
72. Roche, B., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Stewart, I., & O’Hora, D. (2002). Relational frame theory: a new paradigm for the analysis of social behavior. Behavior Analyst, 25, 75–91. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
73. Rosales, R., & Rehfeldt, R. A. (2007). Contriving transitive conditioned establishing operations to establish derived manding skills in adults with severe developmental disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 105–121. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.117-05.
74. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. (2008). Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
75. Rowland, N. E., Vaughan, C. H., Mathes, C. M., & Mitra, A. (2008). Feeding behavior, obesity, and neuroeconomics. Physiology & Behavior, 93, 97–109.
76. Schlinger, H. D. (1993). Establishing operations: another step toward a functional taxonomy of environmental events. Behavior Analyst, 16, 207–209. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
77. Schlinger, H., & Blakely, E. (1988). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. Behavior Analyst, 10, 41–45. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
78. Sidman, M. (2001). Coercion and its fallout. Boston: Authors Cooperative.
79. Sigafoos, J., Doss, S., & Reichle, J. (1989). Developing mand and tact repertoires in persons with severe developmental disabilities using graphic symbols. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 10, 183–200. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08914222.
80. Simó-Pinatella, D., Font-Roura, J., Planella-Morató, J., McGill, P., Alomar-Kurz, E., & Giné, C. (2013). Types of motivating operations in interventions with problem behavior: a systematic review. Behavior Modification, 37(1), 3–38. doi:10.1177/0145445512448096.
81. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
82. Skinner, B. F. (1945). Rejoinders and second thoughts: part V. Psychological Review, 52, 291–294.
83. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: The Free Press.
84. Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
85. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.
86. Smith, R. G., & Iwata, B. A. (1997). Antecedent influences on behavior disorders. J Appl Behav Anal, 30(2), 343–375.
87. Smith, R. G., Iwata, B. A., Goh, H.-L., & Shore, B. A. (1995). Analysis of establishing operations for self-injury maintained by escape. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 515–535. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
88. Sundberg, M. L. (1993). The application of establishing operations. Behavior Analyst, 16, 211–214. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/557/.
89. Sundberg, M. L. (2004). A behavioral analysis of motivation and its relation to mand training. In L. W. Williams (Ed.), Developmental disabilities: Etiology, assessment, intervention, and integration (pp. 199–220). Reno: Context.
90. Sundberg, M. L., & Michael, J. (2001). The benefits of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior for teaching children with autism. Behavior Modification, 25, 698–724. Retrieved from http://bmo.sagepub.com/.
91. Surrogate [Def 1]. (2013). In Oxford Dictionaries Online. Retrieved June 16, 2013, from http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/surrogate?q=surrogate.
92. Tapper, K. (2005). Motivating operations in appetite research. Appetite, 45(2), 95–107. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.05.002.
93. Valdivia, S., Luciano, C., & Molina, F. J. (2006). Verbal regulation of motivational states. The Psychological Record, 56(4), 577–595. Retrieved from http://thepsychologicalrecord.siu.edu/.
94. Vollmer, T. R., & Iwata, B. A. (1991). Establishing operations and reinforcement effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 279–291. Retrieved from http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/.
95. Whelan, R., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2010). Consequence valuing as operation and process: a parsimonious analysis of motivation. The Psychological Record, 60, 337–354. Retrieved from http://thepsychologicalrecord.siu.edu/.
96. Whelan, R., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Dymond, S. (2006). The transformation of consequential functions in accordance with the relational frames of more-than and less-than. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 86, 317–335. doi:10.1901/jeab.2006.113-04.
97. Wilder, D. A., & Carr, J. E. (1998). Recent advances in the modification of establishing operations to reduce aberrant behavior. Behavioral Interventions, 13, 43–59. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(199802)13:1<43::AID-BIN3>3.0.CO;2-1.
98. Worsdell, A. S., Iwata, B. A., Conners, J., Kahng, S., & Thompson, R. H. (2000). Relative influences of establishing operations and reinforcement contingencies on selfinjurious behaviors during functional analyses. J Appl Behav Anal, 33, 451–461.
99. Zuriff, G. E. (1980). Radical behaviorist epistemology. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 337–350.
100. Adams, M. A., Norman, G. J., Hovell, M. F., Sallis, J. F., & Patrick, K. (2009). Reconceptualizing decisional balance in an adolescent sun protection intervention: mediating effects and theoretical interpretations. Health Psychology, 28(2), 217–225. doi:10.1037/a0012989.
101. Ahearn, W., & Parry-Cruwys, D. (2010). Review of ‘just give him the whale’. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(8), 1039–1041. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0853-x.
102. Allday, R. A., & Pakurar, K. (2007). Effects of teacher greetings on student on-task behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(2), 317–320. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.86-06.
103. Allison, J., Wilder, D. A., Teo, H. L., Flynn, A., & Myers, K. (2011). The effect of the availability of a similar toy on compliance with instructions to surrender a toy among preschool children. Behavioral Interventions, 26(3), 167–178. doi:10.1002/bin.333.
104. Asgaard, G. L., Gilbert, D. G., Malpass, D., Sugai, C., & Dillon, A. (2010). Nicotine primes attention to competing affective stimuli in the context of salient alternatives. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18(1), 51–60. doi:10.1037/a0018516.
105. Belfiore, P. J., Basile, S. P., & Lee, D. L. (2008). Using a high probability command sequence to increase classroom compliance: the role of behavioral momentum. Journal of Behavioral Education, 17(2), 160–171. doi:10.1007/s10864-007-9054-x.
106. Bell, K. M., & Naugle, A. E. (2008). Intimate partner violence theoretical considerations: moving towards a contextual framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1096–1107. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.03.003.
107. Bondy, A., Tincani, M., & Frost, L. (2004). Multiply controlled verbal operants: an analysis and extension to the picture exchange communication system. Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 247–261.
108. Bonow, J. T., & Follette, W. C. (2009). Beyond values clarification: addressing client values in clinical behavior analysis. Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 69–84.
109. Bruzek, J. L., & Thombson, R. H. (2007). Antecedent effects of observing peer play. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(2), 327–331. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.102-06.
110. Call, N. A., Findley, A. J., & Reavis, A. R. (2012). The effects of conducting a functional analysis on problem behavior in other settings. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 1990–1995. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.001.
111. Call, N. A., Wacker, D. P., Ringdahl, J. E., & Boelter, E. W. (2005). Combined antecedent variables as motivating operations within functional analyses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38(3), 385–389. doi:10.1901/jaba.2005.51-04.
112. Call, N. A., Wacker, D. P., Ringdahl, J. E., Cooper-Brown, L., & Boelter, E. W. (2004). An assessment of antecedent events influencing noncompliance in an outpatient clinic. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(2), 145–157. doi:10.1901/jaba.2004.37-145.
113. Carlson, G., Pokrzywinski, K. U., & Valdovinos, M. (2012). The use of reinforce assessments in evaluating psychotropic medication effects. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 24(5), 515–528. doi:10.1007/s10882-012-9282-4.
114. Carr, J. E., & Miguel, C. F. (2013). The analysis of verbal behavior and its therapeutic applications. In G. J. Madden, W. V. Dube, T. D. Hackenberg, G. P. Hanley, & K. A. Lattal (Eds.), APA handbook of behavior analysis (Translating principles into practice, Vol. 2, pp. 329–352). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13938-013.
115. Carroll, R. A., Rapp, J. T., Rieck, T. M., & Siewert, B. N. (2011). The effects of noncontingent reinforcement with alternative oral stimulation in the treatment of rumination. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 17(1), 72–76.
116. Carter, M., & Driscoll, C. (2007). A conceptual examination of setting events. Educational Psychology, 27(5), 655–673. doi:10.1080/01443410701309183.
117. Chappell, N., Graff, R. B., Libby, M. E., & Ahearn, W. H. (2009). Further evaluation of the effects of motivating operations on preference assessment outcomes. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(3), 660–669.
118. Cipani, E., & Schock, K. M. (2007). Functional behavioral assessment, diagnosis, and treatment: A complete system for education and mental health settings. New York: Springer.
119. Cipani, E., & Schock, K. M. (2011). Functional behavioral assessment, diagnosis, and treatment: A complete system for education and mental health settings (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
120. Colón, C. L., Ahearn, W. H., Clark, K. M., & Masalsky, J. (2012). The effects of verbal operant training and response interruption and redirection on appropriate and inappropriate vocalizations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45(1), 107–120.
121. Conroy, M. A., Asmus, J. M., Boyd, B. A., Ladwig, C. N., & Sellers, J. A. (2007). Antecedent classroom factors and disruptive behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Early Intervention, 30(1), 19–35. doi:10.1177/105381510703000103.
122. Corthouts, J. (2008). Establishing operations: een meerwaarde voor gedragstheiapeutisch handelen. Gedragstherapie, 41(3), 261–278.
123. Couppis, M. H., & Kennedy, C. H. (2008). The rewarding effect of aggression is reduced by nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor antagonism in mice. Psychopharmacology, 197(3), 449–456. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1054-y.
124. Darling, J. A., Otto, J. T., & Buckner, C. K. (2011). Reduction of rumination using a supplemental starch feeding procedure. Behavioral Interventions, 26(3), 204–213. doi:10.1002/bin.331.
125. De Groot, F. (2004). Verborgen kleinoden van de gedragsanalyse. Gedragstherapie, 37(2), 87–99.
126. DeLeon, I. G., Bullock, C. E., & Catania, A. C. (2013). Arranging reinforcement contingencies in applied settings: Fundamentals and implications of recent basic and applied research. In G. J. Madden, W. V. Dube, T. D. Hackenberg, G. P. Hanley, & K. A. Lattal (Eds.), APA handbook of behavior analysis (Translating principles into practice, Vol. 2, pp. 47–75). Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13938-003.
127. Dixon, M., Baker, J. C., & Sadowski, K. A. (2011). Applying skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior to persons with dementia. Behavior Therapy, 42(1), 120–126. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.05.002.
128. Dube, W. V., MacDonald, R. P. F., Mansfield, R. C., Holcomb, W. L., & Ahearn, W. H. (2004). Toward a behavioral analysis of joint attention. Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 197–207.
129. Eldar, E. (2008). Educating through the physical—behavioral interpretation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 13(3), 215–229. doi:10.1080/17408980701345741.
130. Esch, B. E., Carr, J. E., & Grow, L. L. (2009). Evaluation of an enhanced stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure to increase early vocalizations of children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(2), 225–241. doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-225.
131. Fagerstrøm, A. (2010). The motivating effect of antecedent stimuli on the web shop: a conjoint analysis of the impact of antecedent stimuli at the point of online purchase. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 30(2), 199–220. doi:10.1080/01608061003756562.
132. Fagerstrøm, A., Foxall, G. R., & Arntzen, E. (2010). Implications of motivating operations for the functional analysis of consumer choice. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 30(2), 110–126. doi:10.1080/01608061003756331.
133. Fagerstrøm, A., & Ghinea, G. (2011). On the motivating impact of price and online recommendations at the point of online purchase. International Journal of Information Management, 31(2), 103–110. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.10.013.
134. Fahmie, T. A., & Hanley, G. P. (2008). Progressing toward data intimacy: a review of within-session data analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(3), 319–331. doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-319.
135. Farmer, R. F., & Chapman, A. L. (2008). Behavioral interventions in cognitive behavior therapy: Practical guidance for putting theory into action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11664-000.
136. Farmer, R. F., & Nelson-Gray, R. (2005). Personality-guided behavior therapy. Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11197-000.
137. Ferreri, S. J., & Plavnick, J. B. (2011). A functional analysis of gestural behaviors emitted by young children with severe developmental disabilities. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 185–190.
138. Fienup, D. M., Ahlers, A. A., & Pace, G. (2011). Preference for fluent versus disfluent work schedules. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(4), 847–858.
139. Fisher, W. W., Adelinis, J. D., Volkert, V. M., Keeney, K. M., Neidert, P. L., & Hovanetz, A. (2005). Assessing preferences for positive and negative reinforcement during treatment of destructive behavior with functional communication training. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26(2), 153–168. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.007.
140. Fragale, C. L., O’Reilly, M. F., Aguilar, J., Pierce, N., Lang, R., Sigafoos, J., et al. (2012). The influence of motivating operations on generalization probes of specific mands by children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45(3), 565–577. doi:10.1901/jaba.2012.45-565.
141. Hagopian, L. P., Bruzek, J. L., Bowman, L. G., & Jennett, H. K. (2007). Assessment and treatment of problem behavior occasioned by interruption of free-operant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(1), 89–103. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.63-05.
142. Harris, S. L., & Glasberg, B. A. (2007). Functional behavioral assessment in practice: Concepts and applications. In J. Rojahn (Ed.), Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities (pp. 317–332). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/0-387-32931-5_17.
143. Hausman, N., Kahng, S., Farrell, E., & Mongeon, C. (2009). Idiosyncratic functions: severe problem behavior maintained by access to ritualistic behaviors. Education and Treatment of Children, 32(1), 77–87. doi:10.1353/etc.0.0051.
144. Hineline, P. N., & Rosales-Ruiz, J. (2013). Behavior in relation to aversive events: Punishment and negative reinforcement. In G. J. Madden, W. V. Dube, T. D. Hackenberg, G. P. Hanley, & K. A. Lattal (Eds.), APA handbook of behavior analysis (Methods and principles, Vol. 1, pp. 483–512). Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13937-021.
145. Hovell, M. F., Zakarian, J. M., Matt, G. E., Liles, S., Jones, J. A., Hofstetter, C. R., et al. (2009). Counseling to reduce children’s secondhand smoke exposure and help parents quit smoking: a controlled trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11(12), 1384–1394. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp148.
146. Ingvarsson, E. T., Hanley, G. P., & Welter, K. M. (2009). Treatment of escape-maintained behavior with positive reinforcement: the role of reinforcement contingency and density. Education and Treatment of Children, 32(3), 371–401. doi:10.1353/etc.0.0064.
147. Ingvarsson, E. T., & Hollobaugh, T. (2010). Acquistion of interverbal behavior: teaching children with autism to mand for answers to questions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(1), 1–17.
148. Iwata, B. A. (2006). On the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement. Behavior Analyst, 29(1), 121–123.
149. Iwata, B. A., & Dozier, C. L. (2008). Clinical application of functional analysis methodology. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 1(1), 3.
150. Iwata, B. A., & Worsdell, A. S. (2005). Implications of functional analysis methodology for the design of intervention programs. Exceptionality, 13(1), 25–34. doi:10.1207/s15327035ex1301_4.
151. Jennett, H. K., Harris, S. L., & Dehnolino, L. (2008). Discrete trial instruction vs. mand training for teaching children with autism to make requests. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 69–85.
152. Kates-McElrath, K., & Axelrod, S. (2006). Behavioral intervention for autism: a distinction between two behavior analytic approaches. Behavior Analyst Today, 7(2), 242–252.
153. Kelley, M. E., Fisher, W. W., Lomas, J. E., & Sanders, R. Q. (2006). Some effects of stimulant medication on response allocation: a double-blind analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(2), 243–247. doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.24-05.
154. Kelley, M. E., Shillingsburg, M. A., Castro, M. J., Addison, L. R., & LaRue, R. H., Jr. (2007). Further evaluation of emerging speech in children with developmental disabilities: training verbal behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(3), 431–445. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.40-431.
155. Lambert, T., & Saville, B. K. (2012). Interteaching and the testing effect: a preliminary analysis. Teaching of Psychology, 39(3), 194–198. doi:10.1177/0098628312450435.
156. Lang, R., O’Reilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., Machalicek, W., Rispoli, M., et al. (2009). Enhancing the effectiveness of a play intervention by abolishing the reinforcing value of stereotypy: a pilot study. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(4), 889–894.
157. Lang, R., O’Reilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Machalicek, W., Rispoli, M., Lancioni, G. E., et al. (2010). The effects of an abolishing operation intervention component on play skills, challenging behavior, and stereotypy. Behavior Modification, 34(4), 267–289. doi:10.1177/0145445510370713.
158. Langthorne, P., McGill, P., (2008). Functional analysis of the early development of self-injurious behavior: incorporating gene-environment interactions. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 113(5), 403–417.
159. Langthorne, P., McGill, P., & O’Reilly, M. F. (2007). Incorporating motivation into the functional analysis of challenging behavior: on the interactive and integrative potential of the motivating operation. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 466–487. Retrieved from http://bmo.sagepub.com/.
160. Lanovaz, M. J. (2011). Towards a comprehensive model of stereotypy: integrating operant and neurobiological interpretations. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 447–455. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.026.
161. Lanovaz, M. J., Fletcher, S. E., & Rapp, J. T. (2009). Identifying stimuli that alter immediate and subsequent levels of vocal stereotypy: a further analysis of functionally matched stimulation. Behavior Modification, 33(5), 682–704. doi:10.1177/0145445509344972.
162. Lejuez, C. W., Hopko, D. R., Levine, S., Gholkar, R., & Collins, L. M. (2005). The therapeutic alliance in behavior therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(4), 456–468. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.4.456.
163. Lerman, D. C., Iwata, B. A., & Hanley, G. P. (2013). Applied behavior analysis. In G. J. Madden, W. V. Dube, T. D. Hackenberg, G. P. Hanley, & K. A. Lattal (Eds.), APA handbook of behavior analysis (Methods and principles, Vol. 1, pp. 81–104). Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13937-004.
164. Lomas, J. E., Fisher, W. W., & Kelley, M. E. (2010). The effects of variable-time delivery of food items and praise on problem behavior reinforced by escape. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(3), 425. doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-425.
165. López, J., & Pi, A. (2008). Variaciones sobre el modelo psicológico de salud biológica de ribes: justificación y desarrollo. Universitas Psychologica, 7(1), 19–32.
166. Mace, F. C., Prager, K. L., Thomas, K., Kochy, J., Dyer, T. J., Perry, L., et al. (2009). Effects of stimulant medication under varied motivational operations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(1), 177–183. doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-177.
167. Mace, F. C., Pratt, J. L., Prager, K. L., & Pritchard, D. (2011). An evaluation of three methods of saying ‘no’ to avoid an escalating response class hierarchy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(1), 83–94.
168. Manuel, J. C., Sunseri, M. A., Olson, R., & Scolari, M. (2007). A diagnostic approach to increase reusable dinnerware selection in a cafeteria. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(2), 301–310. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.143-05.
169. Marion, C., Martin, G. L., Yu, C. T., & Buhler, C. (2011). Teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to mand “What is it?”. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(4), 1584–1597. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.005.
170. Marion, C., Martin, G. L., Yu, C. T., Buhler, C., & Kerr, D. (2012). Teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to mand “where?”. Journal of Behavioral Education, 21(4), 273–294. doi:10.1007/s10864-012-9148-y.
171. McGinnis, M. A., Houchins-Juárez, N., McDaniel, J. L., & Kennedy, C. H. (2010). Abolishing and establishing operation analyses of social attention as positive reinforcement for problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(1), 119–123.
172. Miller, D. N., & Brock, S. E. (2010). Identifying, assessing, and treating self-injury at school. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6092-4.
173. Moher, C. A., Gould, D. D., Hegg, E., & Mahoney, A. M. (2008). Non-generalized and generalized conditioned reinforcers: establishment and validation. Behavioral Interventions, 23(1), 13–38. doi:10.1002/bin.253.
174. Mueller, M. M., Piazza, C. C., Patel, M. R., Kelley, M. E., & Pruett, A. (2004). Increasing variety of foods consumed by blending nonpreferred foods into preferred foods. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(2), 159–170. doi:10.1901/jaba.2004.37-159.
175. Naoi, N. (2009). Intervention and treatment methods for children with autism spectrum disorders. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Applied behavior analysis for children with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 67–81). NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0088-3_4.
176. Naoi, N., Tsuchiya, R., Yamamoto, J., & Nakamura, K. (2008). Functional training for initiating joint attention in children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(6), 595–609. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2007.10.001.
177. Newring, R. W., Parker, C. R., & Newring, K. A. B. (2010). FAP strategies and ideas for working with adolescents. In R. J. Kohlenberg (Ed.), The practice of functional analytic psychotherapy (pp. 187–203). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5830-3_11.
178. Normand, M. P., & Beaulieu, L. (2011). Further evaluation of response-independent delivery of preferred stimuli and child compliance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(3), 665–669.
179. North, S. T., & Iwata, B. A. (2005). Motivational influences on performance maintained by food reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38(3), 317–333. doi:10.1901/jaba.2005.93-04.
180. Olson, R., Grosshuesch, A., Schmidt, S., Gray, M., & Wipfli, B. (2009). Observational learning and workplace safety: the effects of viewing the collective behavior of multiple social models on the use of personal protective equipment. Journal of Safety Research, 40(5), 383–387. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2009.07.004.
181. Olson, R., Schmidt, S., Winkler, C., & Wipfli, B. (2011). The effects of target behavior choice and self-management skills training on compliance with behavioral self-monitoring. American Journal of Health Promotion, 25(5), 319–324. doi:10.4278/ajhp.090421-QUAN-143.
182. Olson, R., & Winchester, J. (2008). Behavioral self-monitoring of safety and productivity in the workplace: a methodological primer and quantitative literature review. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 28(1), 9–75.
183. O’Reilly, M., Fragale, C., Gainey, S., Kang, S., Koch, H., Shubert, J., et al. (2012). Examination of an antecedent communication intervention to reduce tangibly maintained challenging behavior: a controlled analog analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(5), 1462–1468. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.017.
184. O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Edrisinha, C., Lancioni, G., Cannella, H., Choi, H. Y., et al. (2006c). A preliminary examination of the evocative effects of the establishing operation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(2), 239.
185. Owen, D. J., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (2009). The association of promised consequences with child compliance to maternal directives. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(5), 639–649. doi:10.1080/15374410903103510.
186. Patel, M. R., Reed, G. K., Piazza, C. C., Bachmeyer, M. H., Layer, S. A., & Pabico, R. S. (2006). An evaluation of a high-probability instructional sequence to increase acceptance of food and decrease inappropriate behavior in children with pediatric feeding disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27(4), 430–442. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.005.
187. Pelaez, M., Virues-Ortega, J., & Gewirtz, J. L. (2012). Acquisition of social referencing via discrimination training in infants. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45(1), 23–36.
188. Petursdottir, A. I., Carr, J. E., Lechago, S. A., & Almason, S. M. (2008). An evaluation of intraverbal training and listener training for teaching categorization skills. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(1), 53–68. doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-53.
189. Plavnick, J. B., & Ferren, S. J. (2011). Establishing verbal repertoires in children with autism using function-based video modeling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(4), 747–766. doi:10.1901/jaba.2011.44-747.
190. Plavnick, J. B., & Ferreri, S. J. (2012). Collateral effects of mand training for children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(4), 1366–1376. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.05.008.
191. Poling, A., & Gaynor, S. T. (2008). Stimulus control. In J. E. Fisher (Ed.), Cognitive behavior therapy: Applying empirically supported techniques in your practice (2nd ed., pp. 516–522). Hoboken: Wiley.
192. Poling, A., & Gaynor, S. T. (2009). Stimulus control. In J. E. Fisher (Ed.), General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 614–620). Hoboken: Wiley.
193. Poling, A., Weetjens, B. J., Cox, C., Beyene, N., Bach, H., & Sully, A. (2010). Teaching giant african pouched rats to find landmines: operant conditioning with real consequences. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 3(2), 19–25.
194. Poling, A., Weetjens, B., Cox, C., Beyene, N., Durgin, A., & Mahoney, A. (2011). Tuberculosis detection by giant African pouched rats. Behavior Analyst, 34(1), 47–54.
195. Porritt, M., Van Wagner, K., & Poling, A. (2009). Effects of response spacing on acquisition and retention of conditional discriminations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(2), 295–307. doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-295.
196. Raiff, B., & Dallery, J. (2008). The generality of nicotine as a reinforcer enhancer in rats: effects on responding maintained by primary and conditioned reinforcers and resistance to extinction. Psychopharmacology, 201(2), 305–314.
197. Rakos, R. F. (2006). Applied behavior analysis: niche therapy par excellance. Behavior and Social Issues, 15(2), 185–191.
198. Rakos, R. F., Laurene, K. R., Skala, S., & Slane, S. (2008). Belief in free will: measurement and conceptualization innovations. Behavior and Social Issues, 17(1), 20–39.
199. Rapp, J. T. (2004). Effects of prior access and environmental enrichment on stereotypy. Behavioral Interventions, 19(4), 287–295. doi:10.1002/bin.166.
200. Reynolds, B., & Schiffbauer, R. M. (2004). Impulsive choice and workplace safety: a new area of inquiry for research in occupational settings. Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 239–246.
201. Ringdahl, J. E., & Falcomata, T. S. (2009). Applied behavior analysis and the treatment of childhood psychopathology and developmental disabilities. In M. L. Matson (Ed.), Treating childhood psychopathology and developmental disabilities (pp. 29–54). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09530-1_2.
202. Ringdahl, J. E., Kopelman, T., & Falcomata, T. S. (2009). Applied behavior analysis and its application to autism and autism related disorders. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Applied behavior analysis for children with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 15–32). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0088-3_2.
203. Rispoli, M., O’Reilly, M., Lang, R., Machalicek, W., Davis, T., Lancioni, G., et al. (2011a). Effects of motivating operations on problem and academic behavior in classrooms. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(1), 187–192.
204. Rispoli, M., O’Reilly, M., Lang, R., Sigafoos, J., Mulloy, A., Aguilar, J., et al. (2011b). Effects of language of implementation on functional analysis outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Education, 20(4), 224–232. doi:10.1007/s10864-011-9128-7.
205. Rispoli, M. J., O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Lang, R., Kang, S., Lancioni, G., et al. (2011c). Effects of presession satiation on challenging behavior and academic engagement for children with autism during classroom instruction. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 46(4), 607–618.
206. Rivas, K. D., Piazza, C. C., Patel, M. R., & Bachmeyer, M. H. (2010). Spoon distance fading with and without escape extinction as treatment for food refusal. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(4), 673–683.
207. Roantree, C. F., & Kennedy, C. H. (2006). A paradoxical effect of presession attention on stereotypy: antecedent attention as an establishing, not an abolishing, operation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(3), 381–384. doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.97-05.
208. Rodriguez, N. M., Fisher, W. W., & Kelley, M. E. (2012). Treatment methods commonly used in conjunction with functional assessment. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Functional assessment for challenging behaviors (pp. 179–193). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3037-7_11.
209. Rojahn, J., Whittaker, K., Hoch, T. A., & González, M. L. (2007). Assessment of self-injurious and aggressive behavior. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), International review of research in mental retardation (pp. 281–319). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0074-7750(07)34009-3.
210. Shillingsburg, M. A., Kelley, M. E., Roane, H. S., Kisamore, A., & Brown, M. R. (2009). Evaluation and training of yes-no responding across verbal operants. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(2), 209–223. doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-209.
211. Sigurdsson, V., Engilbertsson, H., & Foxall, G. (2010). The effects of a point-of-purchase display on relative sales: an in-store experimental evaluation. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 30(3), 222–233.
212. Smith, S. L., & Ward, P. (2006). Behavioral interventions to improve performance in collegiate football. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(3), 385–391. doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.5-06.
213. Steege, M. W., & Watson, T. S. (2009). Conducting school-based functional behavioral assessments: A practitioner’s guide (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
214. Stichter, J. P., Conroy, M. A., & Boyd, B. A. (2004). The undefined role of the antecedent: addressing the measurement quagmires in applied research. Education and Treatment of Children, 27(4), 490–508.
215. Sweeney-Kerwin, E., Carbone, V. J., O’Brien, L., Zecchin, G., & Janecky, M. N. (2007). Transferring control of the mand to the motivating operation in children with autism. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 23, 89–102.
216. Szabo, T. G., Williams, W. L., Rafacz, S. D., Newsome, W., & Lydon, C. A. (2012). Evaluation of the service review model with performance scorecards. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 32(4), 274–296. doi:10.1080/01608061.2012.729408.
217. Tasky, K. K., Rudrud, E. H., Schulze, K. A., & Rapp, J. T. (2008). Using choice to increase on-task behavior in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(2), 261–265. doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-261.
218. Tincani, M. (2011). Preventing challenging behavior in your classroom: Positive behavior support and effective classroom management. Waco: Prufrock.
219. Toogood, S. (2008). Interactive training. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 33(3), 215–224. doi:10.1080/13668250802292596.
220. Totsika, V., Toogood, S., Hastings, R. P., & McCarthy, J. (2010). The effect of active support interactive training on the daily lives of adults with an intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(2), 112–121. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00510.x.
221. Troisi, J. R., II, Bryant, E., & Kane, J. (2012). Extinction of the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine with a devalued reinforcer: recovery following revaluation. The Psychological Record, 62(4), 707–718.
222. Ulman, J. D. (2006). Macrocontingencies and institutions: behaviorological analysis. Behavior and Social Issues, 15(1), 95–100.
223. Valdovinos, M. G., & Kennedy, C. H. (2004). A behavior-analytic conceptualization of the side effects of psychotropic medication. Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 231–238.
224. Waltz, T. J., & Follette, W. C. (2009). Molar functional relations and clinical behavior analysis: implications for assessment and treatment. Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 18.
225. Watanabe-Rose, M., & Sturmey, P. (2007). Behavior analytic approaches to recruiting individuals to community-based prevention programs. Behavior and Social Issues, 16(2), 111–133.
226. Watkins, N., Paananen, L., Rudrud, E., & Rapp, J. T. (2011). Treating vocal stereotypy with environmental enrichment and response cost. Clinical Case Studies, 10(6), 440–448. doi:10.1177/1534650111429377.
227. Wilder, D. A., & Wong, S. E. (2007). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In P. Sturmey (Ed.), Functional analysis in clinical treatment (pp. 283–305). San Diego: Elsevier Academic. doi:10.1016/B978-012372544-8/50016-1.
228. Williams, T. I., Rose, R., & Chisholm, S. (2007). What is the function of nail biting: an analog assessment study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(5), 989–995. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.013.
229. Wong, L., & Austin, J. L. (2008). Investigating illusion of control in experienced and non-experienced gamblers: replication and extension. Analysis of Gambling Behavior, 2(1), 12–24.
230. Wray, A. M., Freund, R. A., & Dougher, M. J. (2009). A behavior-analytic account of cognitive bias in clinical populations. Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 29–49.