Organogenesis of the exocrine gland

Developmental Biology

Volumn 273, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-22

  Wang, Jiahu ^a   Laurie, Gordon W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b C AND EN   (United States)

Author keywords

Cadherin; ErbB; Exocrine; Gland; Growth factor; Integrin; Knockout; Morphogenesis; Organogenesis; Receptor

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTEGRIN; AMPHIREGULIN; BETA CASEIN; CADHERIN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; COLLAGEN; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; DISCOIDIN; DISCOIDIN DOMAIN RECEPTOR 1 TYROSINE KINASE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 10; GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; GELATINASE A; HERMES ANTIGEN; LAMININ; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NETRIN; NEU DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; OSTEOPONTIN; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE RECEPTOR F; SOMATOMEDIN; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACINAR CELL; ADIPOCYTE; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; APOPTOSIS; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; BINDING SITE; BONE MARROW CELL; BREAST EPITHELIUM; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL ADHESION; CELL AGGREGATION; CELL CULTURE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURFACE; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TYPE; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; ECTODERM; ENDODERM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EXOCRINE CELL; EXOCRINE GLAND; HUMAN; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; LACRIMAL GLAND; LUNG ALVEOLUS CELL; MACROPHAGE; MAMMARY GLAND; NONHUMAN; ORGANOGENESIS; OSTEOCLAST; PANCREAS; PERINATAL DEATH; PHENOTYPE; POLARIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN CONTENT; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN ISOLATION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SALIVARY GLAND; SCHWANN CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; WILD TYPE;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 4043125364     PISSN: 00121606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.05.025     Document Type: Review

References (243)

1. Affolter M., et al. Tube or not tube: remodeling epithelial tissues by branching morphogenesis. Dev. Cell. 4:2003;11-18
2. Ahmed F., et al. GFP expression in the mammary gland for imaging of mammary tumor cells in transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 62:2002;7166-7169
3. Alexander C.M., et al. Syndecan-1 is required for Wnt-1-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Nat. Genet. 25:2000;329-332
4. Alexander C.M., et al. Stromelysin-1 regulates adipogenesis during mammary gland involution. J. Cell Biol. 152:2001;693-703
5. Ahlgren U., et al. Independent requirement for ISL1 in formation of pancreatic mesenchyme and islet cells. Nature. 385:1997;257-260
6. Allen B.L., Filla M.S., Rapraeger A.C. Role of heparan sulfate as a tissue-specific regulator of FGF-4 and FGF receptor recognition. J. Cell Biol. 155:2001;845-858
7. Bafico A., et al. Novel mechanism of Wnt signalling inhibition mediated by Dickkopf-1 interaction with LRP6/Arrow. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:2001;683-686
8. Baker A.H., Edwards D.R., Murphy G. Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities. J. Cell. Sci. 115:2002;3719-3727
9. Bakre M.M., et al. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide is a naturally occurring, protein kinase A-dependent angiogenesis inhibitor. Nat. Med. 8:2002;995-1003
10. Bamber B.A., et al. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces neurotransmitter switching in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:1994;7839-7843
11. Barcellos-Hoff M.H., Ewan K.B. Transforming growth factor-beta and breast cancer: mammary gland development. Breast Cancer Res. 2:2000;92-99
12. Bhanot P., et al. A new member of the frizzled family from Drosophila functions as a Wingless receptor. Nature. 382:1996;225-230
13. Bhushan A., et al. Fgf10 is essential for maintaining the proliferative capacity of epithelial progenitor cells during early pancreatic organogenesis. Development. 128:2001;5109-5117
14. Birchmeier C., Gherardi E. Developmental roles of HGF/SF and its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase. Trends Cell Biol. 8:1998;404-410
15. Bissell M.J., Barcellos-Hoff M.H. The influence of extracellular matrix on gene expression: is structure the message? J. Cell. Sci. Suppl. 8:1987;327-343
16. Bissell M.J., Hall H.G., Parry G. How does the extracellular matrix direct gene expression? J. Theor. Biol. 99:1982;31-68
17. Boivin G.P., et al. Onset and progression of pathological lesions in transforming growth factor-beta 1-deficient mice. Am. J. Pathol. 146:1995;276-288
18. Bonnette S.G., Hadsell D.L. Targeted disruption of the IGF-I receptor gene decreases cellular proliferation in mammary terminal end buds. Endocrinology. 142:2001;4937-4945
19. Bottinger E.P., et al. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant TGF-beta type II receptor in transgenic mice reveals essential roles for TGF-beta in regulation of growth and differentiation in the exocrine pancreas. EMBO J. 16:1997;2621-2633
20. Boussadia O., et al. E-cadherin is a survival factor for the lactating mouse mammary gland. Mech. Dev. 115:2002;53-62
21. Boyle W.J., Simonet W.S., Lacey D.L. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 423:2003;337-342
22. Bradbury J.M., et al. Wnt-4 expression induces a pregnancy-like growth pattern in reconstituted mammary glands in virgin mice. Dev. Biol. 170:1995;553-563
23. Brantley D.M., et al. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates proliferation and branching in mouse mammary epithelium. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12:2001;1445-1455
24. Brisken C., et al. Essential function of Wnt-4 in mammary gland development downstream of progesterone signaling. Genes Dev. 14:2000;650-654
25. Cabrera C.V., et al. Phenocopies induced with antisense RNA identify the wingless gene. Cell. 50:1987;659-663
26. Cao Y., et al. IKKalpha provides an essential link between RANK signaling and cyclin D1 expression during mammary gland development. Cell. 107:2001;763-775
27. Carraway K.L. III, et al. An intramembrane modulator of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase that potentiates neuregulin signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;5263-5266
28. Castle A.M., Huang A.Y., Castle J.D. The minor regulated pathway, a rapid component of salivary secretion, may provide docking/fusion sites for granule exocytosis at the apical surface of acinar cells. J. Cell. Sci. 115:2002;2963-2973
29. Celli G., et al. Soluble dominant-negative receptor uncovers essential roles for fibroblast growth factors in multi-organ induction and patterning. EMBO J. 17:1998;1642-1655
30. Chapman S.C., et al. Properties of inhibin binding to betaglycan, InhBP/p120 and the activin type II receptors. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 196:2002;79-93
31. Chen J., et al. The alpha(2) integrin subunit-deficient mouse: a multifaceted phenotype including defects of branching morphogenesis and hemostasis. Am. J. Pathol. 161:2002;337-344
32. Chiarugi P., et al. Reactive oxygen species as essential mediators of cell adhesion: the oxidative inhibition of a FAK tyrosine phosphatase is required for cell adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 161:2003;933-944
33. Chuang P.T., McMahon A.P. Vertebrate Hedgehog signalling modulated by induction of a Hedgehog-binding protein. Nature. 397:1999;617-621
34. Cichy J., Pure E. The liberation of CD44. J. Cell Biol. 161:2003;839-843
35. Civenni G., Holbro T., Hynes N.E. Wnt1 and Wnt5a induce cyclin D1 expression through ErbB1 transactivation in HC11 mammary epithelial cells. EMBO Rep. 4:2003;166-171
36. Cohen S. Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the new-born animal. J. Biol. Chem. 237:1962;1555-1562
37. Colognato H., Yurchenco P.D. Form and function: the laminin family of heterotrimers. Dev. Dyn. 218:2000;213-234
38. Crisera C.A., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the developing mouse pancreas: a potential regulator of exocrine differentiation. Differentiation. 65:2000;255-259
39. Curat C.A., et al. Mapping of epitopes in discoidin domain receptor 1 critical for collagen binding. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;45952-45958
40. Davenport T.G., et al. Mammary gland, limb and yolk sac defects in mice lacking Tbx3, the gene mutated in human ulnar mammary syndrome. Development. 130:2003;2263-2273
41. De Arcangelis A., et al. Synergistic activities of alpha3 and alpha6 integrins are required during apical ectodermal ridge formation and organogenesis in the mouse. Development. 126:1999;3957-3968
42. De Crescenzo G., et al. Real-time monitoring of the interactions of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta ) isoforms with latency-associated protein and the ectodomains of the TGF-beta type II and III receptors reveals different kinetic models and stoichiometries of binding. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;29632-29643
43. De Moerlooze L., et al. An important role for the IIIb isoform of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in mesenchymal-epithelial signalling during mouse organogenesis. Development. 127:2000;483-492
44. Dejmek J., et al. Wnt-5a and G-protein signaling are required for collagen-induced DDR1 receptor activation and normal mammary cell adhesion. Int. J. Cancer. 103:2003;344-351
45. Delmas V., et al. Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin induces precocious mammary epithelial alveolar formation and affects cell polarity and cell-matrix integrity. Dev. Biol. 216:1999;491-506
46. Dichmann D.S., et al. Expression and misexpression of members of the FGF and TGFbeta families of growth factors in the developing mouse pancreas. Dev. Dyn. 226:2003;663-674
47. Dillon R., Gadgil C., Othmer H.G. Short- and long-range effects of sonic hedgehog in limb development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:2003;10152-10157
48. Dunbar M.E., et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling is necessary for sexual dimorphism during embryonic mammary development. Development. 126:1999;3485-3493
49. Edlund H. Pancreatic organogenesis - Developmental mechanisms and implications for therapy. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:2002;524-532
50. Edwards D.R., et al. Transforming growth factor beta modulates the expression of collagenase and metalloproteinase inhibitor. EMBO J. 6:1987;1899-1904
51. Esni F., et al. Dorsal pancreas agenesis in N-cadherin-deficient mice. Dev. Biol. 238:2001;202-212
52. Esparza-Lopez J., et al. Ligand binding and functional properties of betaglycan, a co-receptor of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Specialized binding regions for transforming growth factor-beta and inhibin A. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;14588-14596
53. Etienne-Manneville S., Hall A. Cdc42 regulates GSK-3beta and adenomatous polyposis coli to control cell polarity. Nature. 421:2003;753-756
54. Faraldo M.M., et al. Growth defects induced by perturbation of beta1-integrin function in the mammary gland epithelium result from a lack of MAPK activation via the Shc and Akt pathways. EMBO Rep. 2:2001;431-437
55. Fata J.E., et al. Timp-1 is important for epithelial proliferation and branching morphogenesis during mouse mammary development. Dev. Biol. 211:1999;238-254
56. Fata J.E., et al. The osteoclast differentiation factor osteoprotegerin-ligand is essential for mammary gland development. Cell. 103:2000;41-50
57. Fata J.E., et al. Accelerated apoptosis in the Timp-3-deficient mammary gland. J. Clin. Invest. 108:2001;831-841
58. Fear M.W., et al. Wnt-16a, a novel Wnt-16 isoform, which shows differential expression in adult human tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278:2000;814-820
59. Firth S.M., Baxter R.C. Cellular actions of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Endocr. Rev. 23:2002;824-854
60. Foley J., et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein maintains mammary epithelial fate and triggers nipple skin differentiation during embryonic breast development. Development. 128:2001;513-525
61. Gallego M.I., et al. Differential requirements for shh in mammary tissue and hair follicle morphogenesis. Dev. Biol. 249:2002;131-139
62. Gallet A., et al. Cholesterol modification of hedgehog is required for trafficking and movement, revealing an asymmetric cellular response to hedgehog. Dev. Cell. 4:2003;191-204
63. Gavin B.J., McMahon A.P. Differential regulation of the Wnt gene family during pregnancy and lactation suggests a role in postnatal development of the mammary gland. Mol. Cell. Biol. 241:1992;8-23
64. Golosow N., Grobstein C. Epitheliomesenchymal interaction in pancreatic morphogenesis. Dev. Biol. 4:1962;242-255
65. Goodrich L.V., et al. Altered neural cell fates and medulloblastoma in mouse patched mutants. Science. 277:1997;1109-1113
66. Gorska A.E., et al. Dominant-negative interference of the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor in mammary gland epithelium results in alveolar hyperplasia and differentiation in virgin mice. Cell Growth Differ. 9:1998;229-238
67. Gospodarowicz D. Localisation of a fibroblast growth factor and its effect alone and with hydrocortisone on 3T3 cell growth. Nature. 249:1974;123-127
68. Gouon-Evans V., Rothenberg M.E., Pollard J.W. Postnatal mammary gland development requires macrophages and eosinophils. Development. 127:2000;2269-2282
69. Govindarajan V., et al. Endogenous and ectopic gland induction by FGF-10. Dev. Biol. 225:2000;188-200
70. Gritli-Linde A., et al. The whereabouts of a morphogen: direct evidence for short- and graded long-range activity of hedgehog signaling peptides. Dev. Biol. 236:2001;364-386
71. Gschwind A., et al. TACE cleavage of proamphiregulin regulates GPCR-induced proliferation and motility of cancer cells. EMBO J. 22:2003;2411-2421
72. Gu G., Brown J.R., Melton D.A. Direct lineage tracing reveals the ontogeny of pancreatic cell fates during mouse embryogenesis. Mech. Dev. 120:2003;35-43
73. Gumbiner B.M. Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell. 84:1996;345-357
74. Gumbiner B., Simons K. A functional assay for proteins involved in establishing an epithelial occluding barrier: identification of a uvomorulin-like polypeptide. J. Cell Biol. 102:1986;457-468
75. Hajihosseini M.K., et al. A splicing switch and gain-of-function mutation in FgfR2-IIIc hemizygotes causes Apert/Pfeiffer-syndrome-like phenotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 98:2001;3855-3860
76. Harris R.C., Chung E., Coffey R.J. EGF receptor ligands. Exp. Cell Res. 284:2003;2-13
77. Hathaway H.J., Shur B.D. Mammary gland morphogenesis is inhibited in transgenic mice that overexpress cell surface beta1,4-galactosyltransferase. Development. 122:1996;2859-2872
78. Hebrok M., Kim S.K., Melton D.A. Notochord repression of endodermal sonic hedgehog permits pancreas development. Genes Dev. 12:1998;1705-1713
79. Hebrok M., et al. Regulation of pancreas development by hedgehog signaling. Development. 127:2000;4905-4913
80. Hedgecock E.M., Culotti J.G., Hall D.H. The unc-5, unc-6, and unc-40 genes guide circumferential migrations of pioneer axons and mesodermal cells on the epidermis in C. elegans. Neuron. 4:1990;61-85
81. Hendriks B.S., et al. Quantitative analysis of HER2-mediated effects on HER2 and EGFR endocytosis: distribution of homo- and hetero-dimers depends on relative HER2 levels. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;23343-23351
82. Hennighausen L., Robinson G.W. Think globally, act locally: the making of a mouse mammary gland. Genes Dev. 12:1998;449-455
83. Hoffman M.P., et al. Gene expression profiles of mouse submandibular gland development: FGFR1 regulates branching morphogenesis in vitro through BMP- and FGF-dependent mechanisms. Development. 129:2002;5767-5778
84. Hogan B.L. Morphogenesis. Cell. 96:1999;225-233
85. Hogan B.L., Kolodziej P.A. Organogenesis: molecular mechanisms of tubulogenesis. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:2002;513-523
86. Hyafil F., Babinet C., Jacob F. Cell-cell interactions in early embryogenesis: a molecular approach to the role of calcium. Cell. 26:1981;447-454
87. Hynes R.O. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell. 110:2002;673-687
88. Imbert A., et al. Delta N89 beta-catenin induces precocious development, differentiation, and neoplasia in mammary gland. J. Cell Biol. 153:2001;555-568
89. Ito S., et al. Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of mouse RANK ligand at 2.2-A resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;6631-6636
90. Jackson L.F., et al. Defective valvulogenesis in HB-EGF and TACE-null mice is associated with aberrant BMP signaling. EMBO J. 22:2003;2704-2716
91. Jaskoll T., Melnick M. Submandibular gland morphogenesis: stage-specific expression of TGF-alpha/EGF, IGF, TGF-beta, TNF, and IL-6 signal transduction in normal embryonic mice and the phenotypic effects of TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, and EGF-r null mutations. Anat. Rec. 256:1999;252-268
92. Jaskoll T., et al. Embryonic submandibular gland morphogenesis: stage-specific protein localization of FGFs, BMPs, Pax6 and Pax9 in normal mice and abnormal SMG phenotypes in FgfR2-IIIc(+/Delta), BMP7(-/-) and Pax6(-/-) mice. Cells Tissues Organs. 170:2002;83-98
93. Jaskoll T., et al. Sonic hedgehog signaling plays an essential role during embryonic salivary gland epithelial branching morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 229:2004;722-732
94. Jeruss J.S., Santiago J.Y., Woodruff T.K. Localization of activin and inhibin subunits, receptors and SMADs in the mouse mammary gland. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 203:2003;185-196
95. Jhappan C., et al. Targeting expression of a transforming growth factor beta 1 transgene to the pregnant mammary gland inhibits alveolar development and lactation. EMBO J. 12:1993;1835-1845
96. Jones F.E., Stern D.F. Expression of dominant-negative ErbB2 in the mammary gland of transgenic mice reveals a role in lobuloalveolar development and lactation. Oncogene. 18:1999;3481-3490
97. Jones F.E., et al. ErbB4 signaling in the mammary gland is required for lobuloalveolar development and Stat5 activation during lactation. J. Cell Biol. 147:1999;77-88
98. Jonsson M., Andersson T. Repression of Wnt-5a impairs DDR1 phosphorylation and modifies adhesion and migration of mammary cells. J. Cell. Sci. 114:2001;2043-2053
99. Joseph H., et al. Overexpression of a kinase-deficient transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor in mouse mammary stroma results in increased epithelial branching. Mol. Biol Cell. 10:1999;1221-1234
100. Kadoya Y., et al. Antibodies against domain E3 of laminin-1 and integrin alpha 6 subunit perturb branching epithelial morphogenesis of submandibular gland, but by different modes. J. Cell Biol. 129:1995;521-534
101. Kanno H., et al. Cholinergic agonists transactivate EGFR and stimulate MAPK to induce goblet cell secretion. Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 284:2003;C988-C998
102. Kawahira H., et al. Combined activities of hedgehog signaling inhibitors regulate pancreas development. Development. 30:2003;4871-4879
103. Kawakami T., et al. Mouse dispatched mutants fail to distribute hedgehog proteins and are defective in hedgehog signaling. Development. 129:2002;5753-5765
104. Keely P.J., Wu J.E., Santoro S.A. The spatial and temporal expression of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and its ligands, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin, suggest important roles in mouse mammary morphogenesis. Differentiation. 59:1995;1-13
105. Khosla S. Minireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Endocrinology. 142:2001;5050-5055
106. Kido Y., et al. Effects of mutations in the insulin-like growth factor signaling system on embryonic pancreas development and beta-cell compensation to insulin resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;36740-36747
107. Kim S.K. Activin receptor patterning of foregut organogenesis. Genes Dev. 14:2000;1866-1871
108. Kim H.J., et al. Osteoprotegerin ligand induces beta-casein gene expression through the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;5339-5344
109. Klinowska T.C., et al. Epithelial development and differentiation in the mammary gland is not dependent on alpha 3 or alpha 6 integrin subunits. Dev. Biol. 233:2001;449-467
110. Knox S., et al. Not all perlecans are created equal: interactions with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;14657-14665
111. Kratochwil K. In vitro analysis of the hormonal basis for the sexual dimorphism in the embryonic development of the mouse mammary gland. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 25:1971;141-153
112. Kresse H., Schonherr E. Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix and growth control. J. Cell. Physiol. 189:2001;266-274
113. Kritikou E.A., et al. A dual, non-redundant, role for LIF as a regulator of development and STAT3-mediated cell death in mammary gland. Development. 130:2003;3459-3468
114. Kulkarni A.B., et al. Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:1993;770-774
115. Kulkarni A.B., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 null mice. An animal model for inflammatory disorders. Am. J. Pathol. 146:1995;264-275
116. Lane T.F., Leder P. Wnt-10b directs hypermorphic development and transformation in mammary glands of male and female mice. Oncogene. 15:1997;2133-2144
117. Larue L., et al. E-cadherin null mutant embryos fail to form a trophectoderm epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:1994;8263-8267
118. Laurie G.W., Leblond C.P., Martin G.R. Localization of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin to the basal lamina of basement membranes. J. Cell Biol. 95:1982;340-344
119. Laurie G.W., et al. Localization of binding sites for laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and fibronectin on basement membrane (type IV) collagen. J. Mol. Biol. 189:1986;205-216
120. Lecuit T., Pilot F. Developmental control of cell morphogenesis: a focus on membrane growth. Nat. Cell Biol. 5:2003;103-108
121. Lee P.S., et al. Sumoylation of Smad4, the common Smad mediator of transforming growth factor-beta family signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;27853-27863
122. Lee Y.J., Streuli C.H. Extracellular matrix selectively modulates the response of mammary epithelial cells to different soluble signaling ligands. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;22401-22408
123. Lewis M.T., et al. Defects in mouse mammary gland development caused by conditional haploinsufficiency of Patched-1. Development. 126:1999;5181-5193
124. Lewis K.A., et al. Betaglycan binds inhibin and can mediate functional antagonism of activin signalling. Nature. 404:2000;411-414
125. Lewis M.T. The Gli2 transcription factor is required for normal mouse mammary gland development. Dev. Biol. 238:2001;133-144
126. Li L., et al. The breast proto-oncogene, HRGalpha regulates epithelial proliferation and lobuloalveolar development in the mouse mammary gland. Oncogene. 21:2002;4900-4907
127. Liu X., et al. Stat5a is mandatory for adult mammary gland development and lactogenesis. Genes Dev. 11:1997;179-186
128. Liu T., et al. G protein signaling from activated rat frizzled-1 to the beta-catenin-Lef-Tcf pathway. Science. 292:2001;1718-1722
129. Long W., et al. Impaired differentiation and lactational failure of Erbb4-deficient mammary glands identify ERBB4 as an obligate mediator of STAT5. Development. 130:2003;5257-5268
130. Luetteke N.C., et al. Targeted inactivation of the EGF and amphiregulin genes reveals distinct roles for EGF receptor ligands in mouse mammary gland development. Development. 126:1999;2739-2750
131. Luo B.H., Springer T.A., Takagi J. High affinity ligand binding by integrins does not involve head separation. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;17185-17189
132. Mailleux A.A., et al. Role of FGF10/FGFR2b signaling during mammary gland development in the mouse embryo. Development. 129:2002;53-60
133. Makarenkova H.P., et al. FGF10 is an inducer and Pax6 a competence factor for lacrimal gland development. Development. 127:2000;2563-2572
134. Maldonado T.S., et al. Ontogeny of activin B and follistatin in developing embryonic mouse pancreas: implications for lineage selection. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 4:2000;269-275
135. Massova I., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: structures, evolution, and diversification. FASEB J. 12:1998;1075-1095
136. Matter M.L., Laurie G.W. A novel laminin E8 cell adhesion site required for lung alveolar formation in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 124:1994;1083-1090
137. Medley Q.G., et al. Signaling between focal adhesion kinase and trio. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;13265-13270
138. Menko A.S., et al. Loss of alpha3beta1 integrin function results in an altered differentiation program in the mouse submandibular gland. Dev. Dyn. 220:2001;337-349
139. Mercurio A.M. Lessons from the alpha2 integrin knockout mouse. Am. J. Pathol. 161:2002;3-6
140. Michno K., et al. Shh expression is required for embryonic hair follicle but not mammary gland development. Dev. Biol. 264:2003;153-165
141. Miettinen P.J., et al. Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature. 376:1995;337-341
142. Miralles F., et al. Signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b plays a key role in the development of the exocrine pancreas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:1999;6267-6272
143. Mohan S., Thompson G.R., Amaar Y.G., Hathaway G., Tschesche H., Baylink D.J. ADAM-9 is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 protease produced and secreted by human osteoblasts. Biochem. 41:2002;15394-15403
144. Moseley J.M., et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein purified from a human lung cancer cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:1987;5048-5052
145. Muller T., et al. Phosphorylation and free pool of beta-catenin are regulated by tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases during epithelial cell migration. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;10173-10183
146. Murdoch A.D., et al. Primary structure of the human heparan sulfate proteoglycan from basement membrane (HSPG2/perlecan). A chimeric molecule with multiple domains homologous to the low density lipoprotein receptor, laminin, neural cell adhesion molecules, and epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;8544-8557
147. Nakagawa N., et al. RANK is the essential signaling receptor for osteoclast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253:1998;395-400 Nature. 423:1998;448-452
148. Nemir M., et al. Targeted inhibition of osteopontin expression in the mammary gland causes abnormal morphogenesis and lactation deficiency. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;969-976
149. Noonan D.M., et al. The complete sequence of perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reveals extensive similarity with laminin A chain, low density lipoprotein-receptor, and the neural cell adhesion molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;22939-22947
150. Noren N.K., Arthur W.T., Burridge K. Cadherin engagement inhibits RhoA via p190RhoGAP. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;13615-13618
151. Nusse R., Varmus H.E. Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome. Cell. 31:1982;99-109
152. Nusslein-Volhard C., Wieschaus E. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature. 287:1980;795-801
153. Ogou S.I., Yoshida-Noro C., Takeichi M. Calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules common to hepatocytes and teratocarcinoma stem cells. J. Cell Biol. 97:1983;944-948
154. Ohuchi H., et al. FGF10 acts as a major ligand for FGF receptor 2 IIIb in mouse multi-organ development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 277:2000;643-649
155. Ongusaha P.P., et al. p53 induction and activation of DDR1 kinase counteract p53-mediated apoptosis and influence p53 regulation through a positive feedback loop. EMBO J. 22:2003;1289-12301
156. Ostrovsky O., et al. Differential effects of heparin saccharides on the formation of specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;2444-2453
157. Ozkaynak E., et al. OP-1 cDNA encodes an osteogenic protein in the TGF-beta family. EMBO J. 9:1990;2085-2093
158. Park Y., et al. Drosophila perlecan modulates FGF and hedgehog signals to activate neural stem cell division. Dev. Biol. 253:2003;247-257
159. Parsons J.T. Focal adhesion kinase: the first ten years. J. Cell. Sci. 116:2003;1409-1416
160. Payet L.D., et al. Amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 cooperate to bind IGFs with high affinity and inhibit IGF receptor interactions. Endocrinology. 144:2003;2797-2806
161. Pepinsky R.B., et al. Identification of a palmitic acid-modified form of human sonic hedgehog. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;14037-14045
162. Perez-Moreno M., Jamora C., Fuchs E. Sticky business: orchestrating cellular signals at adherens junctions. Cell. 112:2003;535-548
163. Phippard D.J., et al. Regulation of Msx-1, Msx-2, Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 during foetal and postnatal mammary gland development. Development. 122:1996;2729-2737
164. Pierce D.F. Jr., et al. Inhibition of mammary duct development but not alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy in transgenic mice expressing active TGF-beta 1. Genes Dev. 7:1993;2308-2317
165. Pin C.L., et al. The bHLH transcription factor Mist1 is required to maintain exocrine pancreas cell organization and acinar cell identity. J. Cell Biol. 155:2001;519-530
166. Pollard J.W., Hennighausen L. Colony stimulating factor 1 is required for mammary gland development during pregnancy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:1994;9312-9316
167. Porter J.A., et al. Hedgehog patterning activity: role of a lipophilic modification mediated by the carboxy-terminal autoprocessing domain. Cell. 86:1996;21-34
168. Prince J.M., et al. Cell-matrix interactions during development and apoptosis of the mouse mammary gland in vivo. Dev. Dyn. 223:2002;497-516
169. Radice G.L., et al. Precocious mammary gland development in P-cadherin-deficient mice. J. Cell Biol. 139:1997;1025-1032
170. Radice G.L., et al. Developmental defects in mouse embryos lacking N-cadherin. Dev. Biol. 181:1997;64-78
171. Ramalho-Santos M., Melton D.A., McMahon A.P. Hedgehog signals regulate multiple aspects of gastrointestinal development. Development. 127:2000;2763-2772
172. Raman R., et al. Structural specificity of heparin binding in the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:2003;2357-2362
173. Ramirez F., Rifkin D.B. Cell signaling events: a view from the matrix. Matrix Biol. 22:2003;101-107
174. Ramsauer V.P., et al. Muc4/sialomucin complex, the intramembrane ErbB2 ligand, translocates ErbB2 to the apical surface in polarized epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;30142-30147
175. Revest J.M., et al. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-IIIb acts upstream of Shh and Fgf4 and is required for limb bud maintenance but not for the induction of Fgf8, Fgf10, Msx1, or Bmp4. Dev. Biol. 231:2001;47-62
176. Riethmacher D., Brinkmann V., Birchmeier C. A targeted mutation in the mouse E-cadherin gene results in defective preimplantation development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:1995;855-859
177. Rijsewijk F., et al. The Drosophila homolog of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless. Cell. 50:1987;649-657
178. Rittling S.R., Novick K.E. Osteopontin expression in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Cell Growth Differ. 8:1997;1061-1069
179. Robinson G.W., Hennighausen L. Inhibins and activins regulate mammary epithelial cell differentiation through mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Development. 124:1997;2701-2708
180. Robinson S.D., Roberts A.B., Daniel C.W. TGF beta suppresses casein synthesis in mouse mammary explants and may play a role in controlling milk levels during pregnancy. J. Cell Biol. 120:1993;245-251
181. Robinson G.W., et al. The C/EBPbeta transcription factor regulates epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the mammary gland. Genes Dev. 12:1998;1907-1916
182. Ruan W., Kleinberg D.L. Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development. Endocrinology. 140:1999;5075-5081
183. Ryan G.R., et al. Rescue of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)-nullizygous mouse (Csf1(op)/Csf1(op)) phenotype with a CSF-1 transgene and identification of sites of local CSF-1 synthesis. Blood. 98:2001;74-84
184. Sakai T., Larsen M., Yamada K.M. Fibronectin requirement in branching morphogenesis. Nature. 423:2003;876-881
185. Salminen M., et al. Netrin 1 is required for semicircular canal formation in the mouse inner ear. Development. 127:2000;13-22
186. Sanghi S., et al. cDNA and genomic cloning of lacritin, a novel secretion enhancing factor from the human lacrimal gland. J. Mol. Biol. 310:2001;127-139
187. Schaapveld R.Q., et al. Impaired mammary gland development and function in mice lacking LAR receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase activity. Dev. Biol. 188:1997;134-146
188. Schenk S., et al. Binding to EGF receptor of a laminin-5 EGF-like fragment liberated during MMP-dependent mammary gland involution. J. Cell Biol. 161:2003;197-209
189. Schere-Levy C., et al. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces apoptosis of the mammary epithelial cells and participates in mouse mammary gland involution. Exp. Cell Res. 282:2003;35-47
190. Schluns K.S., Cook J.E., Le P.T. TGF-beta differentially modulates epidermal growth factor-mediated increases in leukemia-inhibitory factor, IL-6, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta in human thymic epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 158:1997;2704-2712
191. Schmeichel K.L., Bissell M.J. Modeling tissue-specific signaling and organ function in three dimensions. J. Cell. Sci. 116:2003;2377-2388
192. Schneider A., et al. Targeted disruption of the Nkx3.1 gene in mice results in morphogenetic defects of minor salivary glands: parallels to glandular duct morphogenesis in prostate. Mech. Dev. 95:2000;163-174
193. Schroeder J.A., Lee D.C. Dynamic expression and activation of ERBB receptors in the developing mouse mammary gland. Cell Growth Differ. 9:1998;451-464
194. Schwartz M.A., Ginsberg M.H. Networks and crosstalk: integrin signalling spreads. Nat. Cell Biol. 4:2002;E65-E68
195. Schweizer L., Varmus H. Wnt/Wingless signaling through beta-catenin requires the function of both LRP/Arrow and frizzled classes of receptors. BMC Cell Biol. 4:2003;4
196. Seagroves T.N., et al. C/EBPbeta, but not C/EBPalpha, is essential for ductal morphogenesis, lobuloalveolar proliferation, and functional differentiation in the mouse mammary gland. Genes Dev. 12:1998;1917-1928
197. Seagroves T.N., et al. HIF1alpha is a critical regulator of secretory differentiation and activation, but not vascular expansion, in the mouse mammary gland. Development. 130:2003;1713-1724
198. Sebastian J., et al. Activation and function of the epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB-2 during mammary gland morphogenesis. Cell Growth Differ. 9:1998;777-785
199. Sheldahl L.C., et al. Dishevelled activates Ca2+ flux, PKC, and CamKII in vertebrate embryos. J. Cell Biol. 161:2003;769-777
200. Shi Y., Massague J. Mechanisms of TGF-signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell. 113:2003;685-700
201. Shiozaki S., et al. Impaired differentiation of endocrine and exocrine cells of the pancreas in transgenic mouse expressing the truncated type II activin receptor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1450:1999;1-11
202. Sibilia M., Wagner E.F. Strain-dependent epithelial defects in mice lacking the EGF receptor. Science. 269:1995;234-238
203. Silberstein G.B., et al. Regulation of mammary morphogenesis: evidence for extracellular matrix-mediated inhibition of ductal budding by transforming growth factor-beta 1. Dev. Biol. 152:1992;354-362
204. Simonet W.S., et al. Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell. 89:1997;309-319
205. Srinivasan K., et al. Netrin-1/Neogenin interaction stabilizes multipotent progenitor cap cells during mammary gland morphogenesis. Dev. Cell. 4:2003;371-382
206. Stefana B., Ray D.W., Melmed S. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces differentiation of pituitary corticotroph function: an immuno-neuroendocrine phenotypic switch. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:1996;12502-12506
207. Steffgen K., Dufraux K., Hathaway H. Enhanced branching morphogenesis in mammary glands of mice lacking cell surface beta1,4-galactosyltransferase. Dev. Biol. 244:2002;114-133
208. Sternlicht M.D., et al. The stromal proteinase MMP3/stromelysin-1 promotes mammary carcinogenesis. Cell. 98:1999;137-146
209. Suva L.J., et al. A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression. Science. 237:1987;893-896
210. Sympson C.J., et al. Targeted expression of stromelysin-1 in mammary gland provides evidence for a role of proteinases in branching morphogenesis and the requirement for an intact basement membrane for tissue-specific gene expression. J. Cell Biol. 125:1994;681-693
211. Takeichi M. Functional correlation between cell adhesive properties and some cell surface proteins. J. Cell Biol. 75:1977;464-474
212. Tepera S.B., McCrea P.D., Rosen J.M. A beta-catenin survival signal is required for normal lobular development in the mammary gland. J. Cell. Sci. 116:2003;1137-1149
213. Terpe H.J., et al. Alpha 6 integrin distribution in human embryonic and adult tissues. Histochemistry. 101:1994;41-49
214. Tessier-Lavigne M., et al. Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Nature. 336:1988;775-778
215. Thibert C., et al. Inhibition of neuroepithelial patched-induced apoptosis by sonic hedgehog. Science. 301:2003;843-846
216. Threadgill D.W., et al. Targeted disruption of mouse EGF receptor: effect of genetic background on mutant phenotype. Science. 269:1995;230-234
217. Tsukamoto A.S., et al. Expression of the int-1 gene in transgenic mice is associated with mammary gland hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in male and female mice. Cell. 55:1988;619-625
218. Van Der Zee C.E., et al. Delayed peripheral nerve regeneration and central nervous system collateral sprouting in leucocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 17:2003;991-1005
219. van Genderen C., et al. Development of several organs that require inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is impaired in LEF-1-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 8:1994;2691-2703
220. Van Nguyen A., Pollard J.W. Colony stimulating factor-1 is required to recruit macrophages into the mammary gland to facilitate mammary ductal outgrowth. Dev. Biol. 247:2002;11-25
221. Vinson C.R., Conover S., Adler P.N. A Drosophila tissue polarity locus encodes a protein containing seven potential transmembrane domains. Nature. 338:1989;263-264
222. Vogel W., et al. Discoidin domain receptor 1 is activated independently of β1 integrin. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;5779-5784
223. Vogel W.F., et al. Discoidin domain receptor 1 tyrosine kinase has an essential role in mammary gland development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2001;2906-2917
224. Wang H.Y., Malbon C.C. Wnt signaling, Ca2+, and cyclic GMP: visualizing Frizzled functions. Science. 300:2003;1529-1530
225. Wang Z., Juttermann R., Soloway P.D. TIMP-2 is required for efficient activation of proMMP-2 in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;26411-26415
226. Weber-Hall S.J., et al. Developmental and hormonal regulation of Wnt gene expression in the mouse mammary gland. Differentiation. 57:1994;205-214
227. Wessells N.K., Evans J. Ultrastructural studies of early morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation in the embryonic mammalian pancreas. Dev. Biol. 17:1968;413-446
228. Whittard J.D., et al. E-cadherin is a ligand for integrin alpha2beta1. Matrix Biol. 21:2002;525-532
229. Wiley H.S., Shvartsman S.Y., Lauffenburger D.A. Computational modeling of the EGF-receptor system: a paradigm for systems biology. Trends Cell Biol. 13:2003;43-50
230. Willert K., et al. Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors. Nature. 423:2003;448-452
231. Wiseman B.S., et al. Site-specific inductive and inhibitory activities of MMP-2 and MMP-3 orchestrate mammary gland branching morphogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 162:2003;1123-1133
232. Witty J.P., Wright J.H., Matrisian L.M. Matrix metalloproteinases are expressed during ductal and alveolar mammary morphogenesis, and misregulation of stromelysin-1 in transgenic mice induces unscheduled alveolar development. Mol. Biol. Cell. 6:1995;1287-1303
233. Wolff M.S., et al. Development of the rat sublingual gland: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Anat. Rec. 266:2002;30-42
234. Wysolmerski J.J., et al. Rescue of the parathyroid hormone-related protein knockout mouse demonstrates that parathyroid hormone-related protein is essential for mammary gland development. Development. 125:1998;1285-1294
235. Xie W., et al. Targeted expression of a dominant negative epidermal growth factor receptor in the mammary gland of transgenic mice inhibits pubertal mammary duct development. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1997;1766-1781
236. Yamanaka Y., et al. Synthesis and expression of transforming growth factor beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Diabetes. 42:1993;746-756
237. Yang Y., et al. Sequential requirement of hepatocyte growth factor and neuregulin in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the mammary gland. J. Cell Biol. 131:1995;215-226
238. Yap A.S., Kovacs E.M. Direct cadherin-activated cell signaling: a view from the plasma membrane. J. Cell Biol. 160:2003;11-16
239. Yasuda H., et al. Identity of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechanism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology. 139:1998;1329-1337
240. Yeh S., et al. Abnormal mammary gland development and growth retardation in female mice and MCF7 breast cancer cells lacking androgen receptor. J. Exp. Med. 198:2003;1899-1908
241. Yu W.H., et al. TIMP-3 binds to sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;31226-31232
242. Yu W.H., et al. CD44 anchors the assembly of matrilysin/MMP-7 with heparin-binding epidermal growth factor precursor and ErbB4 and regulates female reproductive organ remodeling. Genes Dev. 16:2002;307-323
243. Yurchenco P.D., Amenta P.S., Patton B.L. Basement membrane assembly, stability and activities observed through a developmental lens. Matrix Biol. 22:2004;521-538