메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 235-246

Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation: Double-strand DNA breaks, AID and error-prone DNA repair

Author keywords

AID; DSBs; Error prone DNA repair; SHM

Indexed keywords

CD40 ANTIGEN; DNA POLYMERASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

EID: 0038163573     PISSN: 02719142     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1024571714867     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (41)

References (83)
  • 2
    • 0029059370 scopus 로고
    • Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells
    • Pulendran B, Kannourakis G, Nouri S, Smith KG, Nossal GJ: Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells. Nature 375:331-334, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 331-334
    • Pulendran, B.1    Kannourakis, G.2    Nouri, S.3    Smith, K.G.4    Nossal, G.J.5
  • 4
    • 0031956666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor editing and commitment in B lymphocytes
    • Hertz M, Nemazee D: Receptor editing and commitment in B lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 10:208-213, 1998
    • (1998) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 208-213
    • Hertz, M.1    Nemazee, D.2
  • 9
    • 0028961269 scopus 로고
    • Defining subsets of naive and memory B cells based on the ability of their progeny to somatically mutate in vitro
    • Decker DJ, Linton PJ, Zaharevitz S, Biery M, Gingeras TR, Klinman NR: Defining subsets of naive and memory B cells based on the ability of their progeny to somatically mutate in vitro. Immunity 2:195-203, 1995
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.2 , pp. 195-203
    • Decker, D.J.1    Linton, P.J.2    Zaharevitz, S.3    Biery, M.4    Gingeras, T.R.5    Klinman, N.R.6
  • 11
    • 0032534070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40 engagement triggers switching to IgA1 and IgA2 in human B cells through induction of endogenous TGF-β: Evidence for TGF-β but not IL-10-dependent direct S μ→S α and sequential S μ→S γ, S γ→ S α DNA recombination
    • Zan H. Cerutti A, Dramitinos P, Schaffer A, Casali P: CD40 engagement triggers switching to IgA1 and IgA2 in human B cells through induction of endogenous TGF-β: Evidence for TGF-β but not IL-10-dependent direct S μ→S α and sequential S μ→S γ, S γ→ S α DNA recombination. J Immunol 161:5217-5225, 1998
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 5217-5225
    • Zan, H.1    Cerutti, A.2    Dramitinos, P.3    Schaffer, A.4    Casali, P.5
  • 12
    • 0032142893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD30 is a CD40-inducible molecule that negatively regulates CD40-mediated immunoglobulin class switching in non-antigen-selected human B cells
    • Cerutti A, Schaffer A, Shah S, Zan H, Liou HC, Goodwin RG, Casali P: CD30 is a CD40-inducible molecule that negatively regulates CD40-mediated immunoglobulin class switching in non-antigen-selected human B cells. Immunity 9:247-256, 1998
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 247-256
    • Cerutti, A.1    Schaffer, A.2    Shah, S.3    Zan, H.4    Liou, H.C.5    Goodwin, R.G.6    Casali, P.7
  • 13
    • 0033136276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionarily conserved sequence upstream of the human Ig heavy chain S γ 3 region is an inducible promoter: Synergistic activation by CD40 ligand and IL-4 via cooperative NF-κ B and STAT- 6 binding sites
    • Schaffer A, Cerutti A, Shah S, Zan H, Casali P: The evolutionarily conserved sequence upstream of the human Ig heavy chain S γ 3 region is an inducible promoter: Synergistic activation by CD40 ligand and IL-4 via cooperative NF-κ B and STAT-6 binding sites. J Immunol 162:5327-5336, 1999
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 5327-5336
    • Schaffer, A.1    Cerutti, A.2    Shah, S.3    Zan, H.4    Casali, P.5
  • 14
    • 0038157392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of class switching to IgG and IgE by recruitment of the HoxC4 and Oct-1 homeodomain proteins and Ku70/Ku86 to newly identified ATTT cis-elements
    • in press
    • Schaffer A, Kim EC, Wu X, Zan H, Testoni L, Salamon S, Cerutti A, Casali P: Selective inhibition of class switching to IgG and IgE by recruitment of the HoxC4 and Oct-1 homeodomain proteins and Ku70/Ku86 to newly identified ATTT cis-elements. J Biol Chem in press
    • J Biol Chem
    • Schaffer, A.1    Kim, E.C.2    Wu, X.3    Zan, H.4    Testoni, L.5    Salamon, S.6    Cerutti, A.7    Casali, P.8
  • 16
    • 0034662044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell receptor engagement and T cell contact induce Bcl-6 somatic hypermutation in human B cells: Identity with Ig hypermutation
    • Zan H, Li Z, Yamaji K, Dramitinos P, Cerutti A, Casali P: B cell receptor engagement and T cell contact induce Bcl-6 somatic hypermutation in human B cells: Identity with Ig hypermutation. J Immunol 165:830-839, 2000
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.165 , pp. 830-839
    • Zan, H.1    Li, Z.2    Yamaji, K.3    Dramitinos, P.4    Cerutti, A.5    Casali, P.6
  • 17
    • 2642623612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of BCL-6 gene in normal B cells by the process of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes
    • Shen HM, Peters A, Baron B, Zhu X, Storb U: Mutation of BCL-6 gene in normal B cells by the process of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes. Science 280:1750-1752, 1998
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1750-1752
    • Shen, H.M.1    Peters, A.2    Baron, B.3    Zhu, X.4    Storb, U.5
  • 19
    • 0029087972 scopus 로고
    • IL-4 plus CD40 monoclonal antibody induces human B cells γ subclass-specific isotype switch: Switching to γ 1, γ 3, and γ 4, but not gamma 2
    • Fujieda S, Zhang K, Saxon A: IL-4 plus CD40 monoclonal antibody induces human B cells γ subclass-specific isotype switch: Switching to γ 1, γ 3, and γ 4, but not gamma 2. J Immunol 155:2318-2328, 1995
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 2318-2328
    • Fujieda, S.1    Zhang, K.2    Saxon, A.3
  • 21
    • 0034268780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
    • Muramatsu M, Kinoshita K, Fagarasan S, Yamada S, Shinkai Y, Honjo T: Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell 102:553-563, 2000
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 553-563
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Fagarasan, S.3    Yamada, S.4    Shinkai, Y.5    Honjo, T.6
  • 23
    • 0031944788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination-based mechanisms for somatic hypermutation
    • Kong Q, Harris RS, Maizels N: Recombination-based mechanisms for somatic hypermutation. Immunol Rev 162:67-76, 1998
    • (1998) Immunol Rev , vol.162 , pp. 67-76
    • Kong, Q.1    Harris, R.S.2    Maizels, N.3
  • 24
    • 0036234455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes: Merging mechanisms for genetic diversity
    • Papavasiliou FN, Schatz DG: Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes: Merging mechanisms for genetic diversity. Cell 109 (Suppl) S35-S44, 2002
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 25
    • 0036533341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic immunoglobulin hypermutation
    • Diaz M, Casali P: Somatic immunoglobulin hypermutation. Curr Opin Immunol 14:235-240, 2002
    • (2002) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 235-240
    • Diaz, M.1    Casali, P.2
  • 27
    • 0025630537 scopus 로고
    • Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5′ boundary is near the promoter, and 3′ boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene
    • Lebecque SG, Gearhart PJ: Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5′ boundary is near the promoter, and 3′ boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene. J Exp Med 172:1717-1727, 1990
    • (1990) J Exp Med , vol.172 , pp. 1717-1727
    • Lebecque, S.G.1    Gearhart, P.J.2
  • 28
    • 0028125606 scopus 로고
    • Mapping the upstream boundary of somatic mutations in rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes and endogenous genes
    • Rogerson BJ: Mapping the upstream boundary of somatic mutations in rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes and endogenous genes. Mol Immunol 31:83-98, 1994
    • (1994) Mol Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 83-98
    • Rogerson, B.J.1
  • 29
    • 0028243803 scopus 로고
    • The 5′ boundary of somatic hypermutation in a V κ gene is in the leader intron
    • Rada C, Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Jarvis JM, Milstein C: The 5′ boundary of somatic hypermutation in a V κ gene is in the leader intron. Eur J Immunol 24:1453-1457, 1994
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Rada, C.1    Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.2    Jarvis, J.M.3    Milstein, C.4
  • 30
    • 0030063726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is linked to transcription initiation
    • Peters A, Storb U: Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is linked to transcription initiation. Immunity 4:57-65, 1996
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 57-65
    • Peters, A.1    Storb, U.2
  • 31
    • 0032127810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation in the heavy chain locus correlates with transcription
    • Fukita Y, Jacobs H, Rajewsky K: Somatic hypermutation in the heavy chain locus correlates with transcription. Immunity 9:105-114, 1998
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 105-114
    • Fukita, Y.1    Jacobs, H.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 33
    • 0026443954 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis
    • Rogozin IB, Kolchanov NA: Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1171:11-18, 1992
    • (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1171 , pp. 11-18
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Kolchanov, N.A.2
  • 34
    • 0032585719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of VκJκ rearrangements: Targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands and preferential selection of mutated codons within RGYW motifs
    • Foster SJ, Dorner T, Lipsky PE: Somatic hypermutation of VκJκ rearrangements: Targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands and preferential selection of mutated codons within RGYW motifs. Eur J Immunol 29:4011-4021, 1999
    • (1999) Eur J Immunol , vol.29 , pp. 4011-4021
    • Foster, S.J.1    Dorner, T.2    Lipsky, P.E.3
  • 36
    • 0027932998 scopus 로고
    • H genes are inherently susceptible to amino acid replacement
    • H genes are inherently susceptible to amino acid replacement. Immunol Today 15:367-373, 1994
    • (1994) Immunol Today , vol.15 , pp. 367-373
    • Chang, B.1    Casali, P.2
  • 37
    • 0031569118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the frequency and pattern of somatic mutations within nonproductively rearranged human variable heavy chain genes
    • Dorner T, Brezinschek HP, Brezinschek RI, Foster SJ, Domiati-Saad R, Lipsky PE: Analysis of the frequency and pattern of somatic mutations within nonproductively rearranged human variable heavy chain genes. J Immunol 158:2779-2789, 1997
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2779-2789
    • Dorner, T.1    Brezinschek, H.P.2    Brezinschek, R.I.3    Foster, S.J.4    Domiati-Saad, R.5    Lipsky, P.E.6
  • 38
    • 0036499127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Ig DNA sequence to target specific base positions within codons for somatic hypermutation
    • Shapiro GS, Aviszus K, Murphy J, Wysocki LJ: Evolution of Ig DNA sequence to target specific base positions within codons for somatic hypermutation. J Immunol 168:2302-2306, 2002
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 2302-2306
    • Shapiro, G.S.1    Aviszus, K.2    Murphy, J.3    Wysocki, L.J.4
  • 39
    • 0028270307 scopus 로고
    • Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region
    • Betz AG, Milstein C, Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Pannell R, Larson T, Neuberger MS: Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell 77:239-248, 1994
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 239-248
    • Betz, A.G.1    Milstein, C.2    Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.3    Pannell, R.4    Larson, T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 40
    • 0031009483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells strongly expressing Ig(κ) transgenes show clonal recruitment of hypermutation: A role for both MAR and the enhancers
    • Goyenechea B, Klix N, Yelamos J, Williams GT, Riddell A, Neuberger MS, Milstein C: Cells strongly expressing Ig(κ) transgenes show clonal recruitment of hypermutation: A role for both MAR and the enhancers. EMBO J 16:3987-3994, 1997
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 3987-3994
    • Goyenechea, B.1    Klix, N.2    Yelamos, J.3    Williams, G.T.4    Riddell, A.5    Neuberger, M.S.6    Milstein, C.7
  • 41
    • 0031975171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sequences from downstream of the J κ cluster can combine to recruit somatic hypermutation to a heterologous, upstream mutation domain
    • Klix N, Jolly CJ, Davies SL, Bruggemann M, Williams GT, Neuberger MS: Multiple sequences from downstream of the J κ cluster can combine to recruit somatic hypermutation to a heterologous, upstream mutation domain. Eur J Immunol 28:317-326, 1998
    • (1998) Eur J Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 317-326
    • Klix, N.1    Jolly, C.J.2    Davies, S.L.3    Bruggemann, M.4    Williams, G.T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 43
    • 0014019617 scopus 로고
    • Origin of antibody variation
    • Brenner S, Milstein C: Origin of antibody variation. Nature 211:242-243, 1966
    • (1966) Nature , vol.211 , pp. 242-243
    • Brenner, S.1    Milstein, C.2
  • 44
    • 0037019315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification
    • Petersen-Mahrt SK, Harris RS, Neuberger MS: AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification. Nature 418:99-103, 2002
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 99-103
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.K.1    Harris, R.S.2    Neuberger, M.S.3
  • 45
    • 0037026482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase
    • Di Noia J, Neuberger MS: Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase. Nature 419:43-48, 2002
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 43-48
    • Di Noia, J.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 46
    • 0037108463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice
    • Rada C, Williams GT, Nilsen H, Barnes DE, Lindhal T, Neuberger MS: Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice. Curr Biol 12:1748-1755, 2002
    • (2002) Curr Biol , vol.12 , pp. 1748-1755
    • Rada, C.1    Williams, G.T.2    Nilsen, H.3    Barnes, D.E.4    Lindhal, T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 47
    • 0032478071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent occurrence of deletions and duplications during somatic hypermutation: Implications for oncogene translocations and heavy chain disease
    • Goossens T, Klein U, Kuppers R: Frequent occurrence of deletions and duplications during somatic hypermutation: Implications for oncogene translocations and heavy chain disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2463-2468, 1998
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 2463-2468
    • Goossens, T.1    Klein, U.2    Kuppers, R.3
  • 49
    • 0032435650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TdT-accessible breaks are scattered over the immunoglobulin V domain in a constitutively hypermutating B cell line
    • Sale JE, Neuberger MS: TdT-accessible breaks are scattered over the immunoglobulin V domain in a constitutively hypermutating B cell line. Immunity 9:859-869, 1998
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 859-869
    • Sale, J.E.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 50
    • 0034626802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double-stranded breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
    • Papavasiliou FN, Schatz DG: Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double-stranded breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Nature 408:216-221, 2000
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 216-221
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 51
    • 0033637358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand breaks in immunoglobulin genes undergoing somatic hypermutation
    • Bross L, Fukita Y, McBlane F, Demolliere C, Rajewsky K, Jacobs H: DNA double-strand breaks in immunoglobulin genes undergoing somatic hypermutation. Immunity 13:589-597, 2000
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 589-597
    • Bross, L.1    Fukita, Y.2    McBlane, F.3    Demolliere, C.4    Rajewsky, K.5    Jacobs, H.6
  • 52
    • 0038771252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID-dependent generation of resected double-strand DNA breaks and recruitment of Rad52/Rad51 in somatic hypermutation
    • in press
    • Zan H, Wu X, Komori A, Holloman WK, Casali P: AID-dependent generation of resected double-strand DNA breaks and recruitment of Rad52/Rad51 in somatic hypermutation. Immunity in press
    • Immunity
    • Zan, H.1    Wu, X.2    Komori, A.3    Holloman, W.K.4    Casali, P.5
  • 53
    • 0034644134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The c-MYC allele that is translocated into the Ig H locus undergoes constitutive hypermutation in a Burkitt's lymphoma line
    • Bemark M, Neuberger MS: The c-MYC allele that is translocated into the Ig H locus undergoes constitutive hypermutation in a Burkitt's lymphoma line. Oncogene 19:3404-3410, 2000
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , pp. 3404-3410
    • Bemark, M.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 55
    • 0034694086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation in the absence of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(cs)) or recombination-activating gene (RAG) 1 activity
    • Bemark M, Sale J, Kim HJ, Berek C, Cosgrove RA, Neuberger MS: Somatic hypermutation in the absence of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(cs)) or recombination-activating gene (RAG)1 activity. J Exp Med 192:1509-1514, 2000
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.192 , pp. 1509-1514
    • Bemark, M.1    Sale, J.2    Kim, H.J.3    Berek, C.4    Cosgrove, R.A.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 56
    • 0036178823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient for the type II topoisomerase-like DNA transesterase Spo11 show normal immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation and class switching
    • Klein U, Esposito G, Baudat F, Keeney S, Jasin M: Mice deficient for the type II topoisomerase-like DNA transesterase Spo11 show normal immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation and class switching. Eur J Immunol 32:316-321, 2002
    • (2002) Eur J Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 316-321
    • Klein, U.1    Esposito, G.2    Baudat, F.3    Keeney, S.4    Jasin, M.5
  • 57
    • 0033603340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B cells
    • Muramatsu M, Sankaranand VS, Anant S, Sugai M, Kinoshita K, Davidson NO, Honjo T: Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B cells. J Biol Chem 274:18470-18476, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 18470-18476
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Sankaranand, V.S.2    Anant, S.3    Sugai, M.4    Kinoshita, K.5    Davidson, N.O.6    Honjo, T.7
  • 58
    • 0037029606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activation-induced deaminase functions in a postcleavage step of the somatic hypermutation process
    • Papavasiliou FN, Schatz DG: The activation-induced deaminase functions in a postcleavage step of the somatic hypermutation process. J Exp Med 195:1193-1198, 2002
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.195 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 59
    • 0037029663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand breaks: Prior to but not sufficient in targeting hypermutation
    • Bross L, Muramatsu M, Kinoshita K, Honjo T, Jacobs H: DNA double-strand breaks: Prior to but not sufficient in targeting hypermutation. J Exp Med 195:1187-1192, 2002
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.195 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Bross, L.1    Muramatsu, M.2    Kinoshita, K.3    Honjo, T.4    Jacobs, H.5
  • 60
    • 0035313995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an understanding of somatic hypermutation
    • Jacobs H, Bross L: Towards an understanding of somatic hypermutation. Curr Opin Immunal 13:208-218, 2001
    • (2001) Curr Opin Immunal , vol.13 , pp. 208-218
    • Jacobs, H.1    Bross, L.2
  • 61
    • 0037418279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inaugural Article: De novo protein synthesis is required for the activation-induced cytidine deaminase function in class-switch recombination
    • Doi T, Kinoshita K, Ikegawa M, Muramatsu M, Honjo T: Inaugural Article: De novo protein synthesis is required for the activation-induced cytidine deaminase function in class-switch recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:2634-2638, 2003
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 2634-2638
    • Doi, T.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Ikegawa, M.3    Muramatsu, M.4    Honjo, T.5
  • 62
    • 0037388165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase
    • Bransteitter R, Pham P, Scharff MD, Goodman MF: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4102-4107, 2003
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4102-4107
    • Bransteitter, R.1    Pham, P.2    Scharff, M.D.3    Goodman, M.F.4
  • 63
    • 0032143823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing immunoglobulin gene hypermutation with microsatellites suggests a nonreplicative short patch DNA synthesis process
    • Bertocci B, Quint L, Delbos F, Garcia C, Reynaud CA, Weill JC: Probing immunoglobulin gene hypermutation with microsatellites suggests a nonreplicative short patch DNA synthesis process. Immunity 9:257-265, 1998
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 257-265
    • Bertocci, B.1    Quint, L.2    Delbos, F.3    Garcia, C.4    Reynaud, C.A.5    Weill, J.C.6
  • 64
    • 0035966779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutagenesis in eukaryotes dependent on DNA polymerase zetaand Rev1p
    • Lawrence CW, Maher VM: Mutagenesis in eukaryotes dependent on DNA polymerase zetaand Rev1p. Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci 356:41-46, 2001
    • (2001) Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci , vol.356 , pp. 41-46
    • Lawrence, C.W.1    Maher, V.M.2
  • 69
    • 0033974775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice reconstituted with DNA polymerase β-deficient fetal liver cells are able to mount a T cell-dependent immune response and mutate their Ig genes normally
    • Esposito G, Texido G, Betz UA, Gu H, Muller W, Klein U, Rajewsky K: Mice reconstituted with DNA polymerase β-deficient fetal liver cells are able to mount a T cell-dependent immune response and mutate their Ig genes normally. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 1166-1171, 2000
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 1166-1171
    • Esposito, G.1    Texido, G.2    Betz, U.A.3    Gu, H.4    Muller, W.5    Klein, U.6    Rajewsky, K.7
  • 71
    • 0037384973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ig gene somatic hypermutation in mice defective for DNA polymerase δ proofreading
    • Longacre A, Sun T, Goldsby RE, Preston BD, Storb U: Ig gene somatic hypermutation in mice defective for DNA polymerase δ proofreading. Int Immunol 15:477-481, 2003
    • (2003) Int Immunol , vol.15 , pp. 477-481
    • Longacre, A.1    Sun, T.2    Goldsby, R.E.3    Preston, B.D.4    Storb, U.5
  • 73
    • 0034738983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic polymerases ι and ζ act sequentially to bypass DNA lesions
    • Johnson RE, Washington MT, Haracska L, Prakash S, Prakash L: Eukaryotic polymerases ι and ζ act sequentially to bypass DNA lesions. Nature 406:1015-1019, 2000
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 1015-1019
    • Johnson, R.E.1    Washington, M.T.2    Haracska, L.3    Prakash, S.4    Prakash, L.5
  • 74
    • 0030700468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for REV3 in mutagenesis during double-strand break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Holbeck SL, Strathern JN: A role for REV3 in mutagenesis during double-strand break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 147:1017-1024, 1997
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Holbeck, S.L.1    Strathern, J.N.2
  • 75
    • 0031894290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity
    • Diaz M, Flajnik MF: Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 162:13-24, 1998
    • (1998) Immunol Rev , vol.162 , pp. 13-24
    • Diaz, M.1    Flajnik, M.F.2
  • 77
    • 0035399804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased frequency of somatic hypermutation and impaired affinity maturation but intact germinal center formation in nice expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ
    • Diaz M, Verkoczy LK, Flajnik MF, Kliman NR: Decreased frequency of somatic hypermutation and impaired affinity maturation but intact germinal center formation in nice expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ. J Immunol 167:327-335, 2001
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 327-335
    • Diaz, M.1    Verkoczy, L.K.2    Flajnik, M.F.3    Kliman, N.R.4
  • 78
    • 0037206851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of sonatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase ι
    • Faili A, Aoufouchi S, Flatter E, Gueranger Q, Reynaud CA, Weill JC: Induction of sonatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase ι. Nature 419:944-947, 2002
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 944-947
    • Faili, A.1    Aoufouchi, S.2    Flatter, E.3    Gueranger, Q.4    Reynaud, C.A.5    Weill, J.C.6
  • 79
    • 0035377269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase η is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Zeng X, Winter DB, Kasmer C, Kraemer KH, Lehmann AR, Gearhart PJ: DNA polymerase η is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat Immunol 2:537-541, 2001
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 537-541
    • Zeng, X.1    Winter, D.B.2    Kasmer, C.3    Kraemer, K.H.4    Lehmann, A.R.5    Gearhart, P.J.6
  • 81
    • 0037162552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of somatic hypermutation specificity and A-T base pair substitution errors by DNA polymerase η during copying of a mouse immunoglobulin κ light chain transgene
    • Pavlov YI, Rogozin IB, Galkin AP, Aksenova AY, Hanaoka F, Rada C, Kunkel TA: Correlation of somatic hypermutation specificity and A-T base pair substitution errors by DNA polymerase η during copying of a mouse immunoglobulin κ light chain transgene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:9954-9959, 2002
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 9954-9959
    • Pavlov, Y.I.1    Rogozin, I.B.2    Galkin, A.P.3    Aksenova, A.Y.4    Hanaoka, F.5    Rada, C.6    Kunkel, T.A.7
  • 82
    • 0036786471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of polymerase η in somatic hypermutation determined by analysis of mutations in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum variant
    • Yavuz S, Yavuz AS, Kraemer KH, Lipsky PE: The role of polymerase η in somatic hypermutation determined by analysis of mutations in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum variant. J Immunol 169:3825-3830, 2002
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 3825-3830
    • Yavuz, S.1    Yavuz, A.S.2    Kraemer, K.H.3    Lipsky, P.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.