메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 105-114

Somatic hypermutation in the heavy chain locus correlates with transcription

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN;

EID: 0032127810     PISSN: 10747613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80592-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (232)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 15844406352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsense mutations inhibit RNA splicing in acell-free system: Recognition of mutant codon is independent of protein synthesis
    • Aoufouchi, S., Yelamos, J., and Milstein, C. (1996). Nonsense mutations inhibit RNA splicing in acell-free system: recognition of mutant codon is independent of protein synthesis. Cell 85, 415-422.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 415-422
    • Aoufouchi, S.1    Yelamos, J.2    Milstein, C.3
  • 3
    • 0026331458 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers
    • Berek, C., Berger, A., and Apel, M. (1991). Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers. Cell 67, 1121-1129.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.67 , pp. 1121-1129
    • Berek, C.1    Berger, A.2    Apel, M.3
  • 4
    • 0028270307 scopus 로고
    • Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin kappa gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region
    • Betz, A.G., Milstein, C., Gonzalez-Fernandez, A., Pannell, R., Larson, T., and Neuberger, M.S. (1994). Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin kappa gene: critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell 77, 239-248.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 239-248
    • Betz, A.G.1    Milstein, C.2    Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.3    Pannell, R.4    Larson, T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 5
    • 0027227311 scopus 로고
    • Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes
    • Betz, A.G., Neuberger, M.S., and Milstein, C. (1993). Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes, Immunol. Today 14, 405-411.
    • (1993) Immunol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 405-411
    • Betz, A.G.1    Neuberger, M.S.2    Milstein, C.3
  • 6
    • 0027536976 scopus 로고
    • Nonsense codons can reduce the abundance of nuclear mRNA without affecting the abundance of pre-mRNA or the half-life of cytoplasmic mRNA
    • Cheng, J., and Maquat, L.E. (1993). Nonsense codons can reduce the abundance of nuclear mRNA without affecting the abundance of pre-mRNA or the half-life of cytoplasmic mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 1892-1902.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 1892-1902
    • Cheng, J.1    Maquat, L.E.2
  • 7
    • 0023277545 scopus 로고
    • Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
    • Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162, 156-159.
    • (1987) Anal. Biochem. , vol.162 , pp. 156-159
    • Chomczynski, P.1    Sacchi, N.2
  • 8
    • 0020593691 scopus 로고
    • Surface antigen expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement during mouse pre-B cell development
    • Coffman, R.L. (1982). Surface antigen expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement during mouse pre-B cell development. Immunol. Rev. 69, 5-23.
    • (1982) Immunol. Rev. , vol.69 , pp. 5-23
    • Coffman, R.L.1
  • 9
    • 0028071173 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of individual immunoglobulin lambda light chain genes amplified from single cells is inconsistent with variable region gene conversion in germinal-center B cell somatic mutation
    • Ford, J.E., McHeyzer-Williams, M.G., and Lieber, M.R. (1994). Analysis of individual immunoglobulin lambda light chain genes amplified from single cells is inconsistent with variable region gene conversion in germinal-center B cell somatic mutation. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 1816-1822.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.24 , pp. 1816-1822
    • Ford, J.E.1    McHeyzer-Williams, M.G.2    Lieber, M.R.3
  • 10
    • 0024444922 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis of cell proliferation dynamics in the B cell compartment of the mouse
    • Förster, I., Vieira, P., and Rajewsky, K. (1989). Flow cytometric analysis of cell proliferation dynamics in the B cell compartment of the mouse. Int. Immunol. 1, 321-331.
    • (1989) Int. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 321-331
    • Förster, I.1    Vieira, P.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 11
    • 0020503988 scopus 로고
    • Clusters of point mutations are found exclusively around rearranged antibody variable genes
    • Gearhart, P.J., and Bogenhagen, D.F. (1983). Clusters of point mutations are found exclusively around rearranged antibody variable genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 3439-3443.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 3439-3443
    • Gearhart, P.J.1    Bogenhagen, D.F.2
  • 12
    • 0028577994 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin lambda chains: A segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions
    • Gonzalez-Fernandez, A., Gupta, S.K., Pannell, R., Neuberger, M.S., and Milstein, C. (1994). Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin lambda chains: a segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12614-12618.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12614-12618
    • Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.1    Gupta, S.K.2    Pannell, R.3    Neuberger, M.S.4    Milstein, C.5
  • 13
    • 0031009483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells strongly expressing Ig(kappa) transgenes show clonal recruitment of hypermutation: A role for both MAR and the enhancers
    • Goyenechea, B., Klix, N., Yelamos, J., Williams, G.T., Riddell, A., Neuberger, M.S., and Milstein, C. (1997). Cells strongly expressing Ig(kappa) transgenes show clonal recruitment of hypermutation: a role for both MAR and the enhancers. EMBO J. 16, 3987-3994.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 3987-3994
    • Goyenechea, B.1    Klix, N.2    Yelamos, J.3    Williams, G.T.4    Riddell, A.5    Neuberger, M.S.6    Milstein, C.7
  • 14
    • 0022001302 scopus 로고
    • Efficient transcription of a protein-coding genef rom the RNA polymerase I promoter in transfected cells
    • Grummt, I., and Skinner, J.A. (1985). Efficient transcription of a protein-coding genef rom the RNA polymerase I promoter in transfected cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 722-726.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 722-726
    • Grummt, I.1    Skinner, J.A.2
  • 15
    • 0021341026 scopus 로고
    • T cell-activating properties of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody. Possible analogy to OKT3/Leu-4
    • Gunter, K.C., Malek, T.R., and Shevach, E.M. (1984). T cell-activating properties of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody. Possible analogy to OKT3/Leu-4. J. Exp. Med. 159, 716-730.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Med. , vol.159 , pp. 716-730
    • Gunter, K.C.1    Malek, T.R.2    Shevach, E.M.3
  • 16
    • 0026060620 scopus 로고
    • Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres
    • Jacob, J., Kelsoe, G., Rajewsky, K., and Weiss, U. (1991). Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres. Nature 354, 389-392.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 389-392
    • Jacob, J.1    Kelsoe, G.2    Rajewsky, K.3    Weiss, U.4
  • 18
    • 0025823716 scopus 로고
    • Identical V region amino acid sequences and segments of sequences in antibodies of different specificities. Relative contributions of VH and VL genes, minigenes, and complementarity-determining regions to binding of antibody-combining sites
    • Kabat, E.A., and Wu, T.T. (1991). Identical V region amino acid sequences and segments of sequences in antibodies of different specificities. Relative contributions of VH and VL genes, minigenes, and complementarity-determining regions to binding of antibody-combining sites. J. Immunol. 147, 1709-1719.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.147 , pp. 1709-1719
    • Kabat, E.A.1    Wu, T.T.2
  • 19
    • 0024368667 scopus 로고
    • Fidelity of DNA polymerases in DNA amplification
    • Keohavong, P., and Thilly, W.G. (1989). Fidelity of DNA polymerases in DNA amplification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9253-9257.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 9253-9257
    • Keohavong, P.1    Thilly, W.G.2
  • 20
    • 0019847882 scopus 로고
    • Antibody diversity: Somatic hypermutation of rearranged VH genes
    • Kim, S., Davis, M., Sinn, E., Patten, P., and Hood, L. (1981). Antibody diversity: somatic hypermutation of rearranged VH genes. Cell 27, 573-581.
    • (1981) Cell , vol.27 , pp. 573-581
    • Kim, S.1    Davis, M.2    Sinn, E.3    Patten, P.4    Hood, L.5
  • 21
    • 1842405428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a large compartment of IgM-expressing memory B cells in humans
    • Klein, U., Küppers, R., and Rajewsky, K. (1997). Evidence for a large compartment of IgM-expressing memory B cells in humans. Blood 89, 1288-1298.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , pp. 1288-1298
    • Klein, U.1    Küppers, R.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 22
    • 0026637284 scopus 로고
    • A survey of protein-DNA interaction sites within the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus reveals a particularly complex pattern around the DQ52 element
    • Kottmann, A.H., Brack, C., Eibel, H., and Kohler, G. (1992). A survey of protein-DNA interaction sites within the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus reveals a particularly complex pattern around the DQ52 element. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 2113-2120.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 2113-2120
    • Kottmann, A.H.1    Brack, C.2    Eibel, H.3    Kohler, G.4
  • 23
    • 0028329398 scopus 로고
    • A second promoter and enhancer element within the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus
    • Kottmann, A.H., Zevnik, B., Welte, M., Nielsen, P.J., and Kohler, G. (1994). A second promoter and enhancer element within the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 817-821.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.24 , pp. 817-821
    • Kottmann, A.H.1    Zevnik, B.2    Welte, M.3    Nielsen, P.J.4    Kohler, G.5
  • 24
    • 11944252059 scopus 로고
    • A 140-base-pair repetitive sequence element in the mouse rRNA gene spacer enhances transcription by RNA polymerase I in a cell-free system
    • Kuhn, A., Deppert, U., and Grummt, I. (1990). A 140-base-pair repetitive sequence element in the mouse rRNA gene spacer enhances transcription by RNA polymerase I in a cell-free system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7527-7531.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 7527-7531
    • Kuhn, A.1    Deppert, U.2    Grummt, I.3
  • 25
    • 0026328818 scopus 로고
    • Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice
    • Kühn, R., Rajewsky, K., and Muller, W. (1991). Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science 254, 707-710.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 707-710
    • Kühn, R.1    Rajewsky, K.2    Muller, W.3
  • 26
    • 0020511078 scopus 로고
    • A foreign beta-globin gene in transgenic mice: Integration at abnormal chromosomal positions and expression in inappropriate tissues
    • Lacy, E., Roberts, S., Evans, E.P., Burtenshaw, M.D., and Costantini, F.D. (1983). A foreign beta-globin gene in transgenic mice: integration at abnormal chromosomal positions and expression in inappropriate tissues. Cell 34, 343-358.
    • (1983) Cell , vol.34 , pp. 343-358
    • Lacy, E.1    Roberts, S.2    Evans, E.P.3    Burtenshaw, M.D.4    Costantini, F.D.5
  • 28
    • 0025630537 scopus 로고
    • Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5′ boundary is near the promoter, and 3′ boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene
    • Lebecque, S.G., and Gearhart, P.J. (1990). Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5′ boundary is near the promoter, and 3′ boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene. J. Exp. Med. 172, 1717-1727.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 1717-1727
    • Lebecque, S.G.1    Gearhart, P.J.2
  • 29
    • 0018652555 scopus 로고
    • Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens
    • Ledbetter, J.A., and Herzenberg, L.A. (1979). Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens, Immunol. Rev. 47, 63-90.
    • (1979) Immunol. Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 63-90
    • Ledbetter, J.A.1    Herzenberg, L.A.2
  • 30
    • 0028147091 scopus 로고
    • Low cytoplasmic mRNA levels of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes containing nonsense codons correlate with inefficient splicing
    • Lozano, F., Maertzdorf, B., Pannell, R., and Milstein, C. (1994). Low cytoplasmic mRNA levels of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes containing nonsense codons correlate with inefficient splicing. EMBO J. 13, 4617-4622.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 4617-4622
    • Lozano, F.1    Maertzdorf, B.2    Pannell, R.3    Milstein, C.4
  • 31
    • 0029330286 scopus 로고
    • When cells stop making sense: Effects of nonsense codons on RNA metabolism in vertebrate cells
    • Maquat, L.E. (1995). When cells stop making sense: effects of nonsense codons on RNA metabolism in vertebrate cells. Rna 1, 453-465.
    • (1995) Rna , vol.1 , pp. 453-465
    • Maquat, L.E.1
  • 32
    • 0025216585 scopus 로고
    • High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS
    • Miltenyi, S., Müller, W., Weichel, W., and Radbruch, A. (1990). High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS. Cytometry 11, 231-238.
    • (1990) Cytometry , vol.11 , pp. 231-238
    • Miltenyi, S.1    Müller, W.2    Weichel, W.3    Radbruch, A.4
  • 33
    • 0023090516 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin transgene in kappa transgenic mice
    • O'Brien, R.L., Brinster, R.L., and Storb, U. (1987). Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin transgene in kappa transgenic mice. Nature 326, 405-409.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 405-409
    • O'Brien, R.L.1    Brinster, R.L.2    Storb, U.3
  • 34
    • 0029846871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II
    • Orphanides, G., Lagrange, T., and Reinberg, D. (1996). The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev. 10, 2657-2683.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2657-2683
    • Orphanides, G.1    Lagrange, T.2    Reinberg, D.3
  • 36
    • 0030063726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is linked to transcription initiation
    • Peters, A., and Storb, U. (1996). Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is linked to transcription initiation. Immunity 4, 57-65.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 57-65
    • Peters, A.1    Storb, U.2
  • 37
    • 2642652230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 5′ hypermutation boundary of κ chains is independent of local and neighbouring sequences and related to the distance from the initiation of transcription
    • Rada, C., Yélamos, J., Dean, W., and Milstein, C. (1997). The 5′ hypermutation boundary of K chains is independent of local and neighbouring sequences and related to the distance from the initiation of transcription. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 3115-3120.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 3115-3120
    • Rada, C.1    Yélamos, J.2    Dean, W.3    Milstein, C.4
  • 38
    • 0030006070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system
    • Rajewsky, K. (1996). Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system. Nature 381, 751-758.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 751-758
    • Rajewsky, K.1
  • 39
    • 0025243641 scopus 로고
    • rRNA synthesis in the nucleolus
    • Reeder, R.H. (1990). rRNA synthesis in the nucleolus. Trends Genet. 6, 390-395.
    • (1990) Trends Genet. , vol.6 , pp. 390-395
    • Reeder, R.H.1
  • 40
    • 0018578942 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the repertoire of anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in C 57 BL/6 mice by cell fusion. II. Characterization of idiotopes by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies
    • Reth, M., Imanishi-Kari, T., and Rajewsky, K. (1979). Analysis of the repertoire of anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in C 57 BL/6 mice by cell fusion. II. Characterization of idiotopes by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol. 9, 1004-1013.
    • (1979) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 1004-1013
    • Reth, M.1    Imanishi-Kari, T.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 41
    • 0024517665 scopus 로고
    • V gene rearrangement is required to fully activate the hypermutation mechanism in B cells
    • Roes, J., Huppi, K., Rajewsky, K., and Sablitzky, F. (1989). V gene rearrangement is required to fully activate the hypermutation mechanism in B cells. J. Immunol. 142, 1022-1026.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.142 , pp. 1022-1026
    • Roes, J.1    Huppi, K.2    Rajewsky, K.3    Sablitzky, F.4
  • 42
    • 0029017294 scopus 로고
    • Mouse anti-mouse IgD monoclonal antibodies generated in IgD-deficient mice
    • Roes, J., Müller, W., and Rajewsky, K. (1995). Mouse anti-mouse IgD monoclonal antibodies generated in IgD-deficient mice. J. Immunol. Methods 183, 231-237.
    • (1995) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.183 , pp. 231-237
    • Roes, J.1    Müller, W.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 43
    • 0028125606 scopus 로고
    • Mapping the upstream boundary of somatic mutations in rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes and endogenous genes
    • Rogerson, B.J. (1994). Mapping the upstream boundary of somatic mutations in rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes and endogenous genes. Mol. Immunol. 31, 83-98.
    • (1994) Mol. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 83-98
    • Rogerson, B.J.1
  • 44
    • 0026443954 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis
    • Rogozin, I.B., and Kolchanov, N.A. (1992). Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1171, 11-18.
    • (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1171 , pp. 11-18
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Kolchanov, N.A.2
  • 45
    • 0018836189 scopus 로고
    • Peanut lectin binding properties of germinal centres of mouse lymphoid tissue
    • Rose, M.L., Birbeck, M.S., Wallis, V.J., Forrester, J.A., and Davies, A.J. (1980). Peanut lectin binding properties of germinal centres of mouse lymphoid tissue. Nature 284, 364-366.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 364-366
    • Rose, M.L.1    Birbeck, M.S.2    Wallis, V.J.3    Forrester, J.A.4    Davies, A.J.5
  • 46
    • 0027194781 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation in 5′ flanking regions of heavy chain antibody variable regions
    • Rothenfluh, H.S., Taylor, L., Bothwell, A.L., Both, G.W., and Steele, E.J. (1993). Somatic hypermutation in 5′ flanking regions of heavy chain antibody variable regions. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 2152-2159.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 2152-2159
    • Rothenfluh, H.S.1    Taylor, L.2    Bothwell, A.L.3    Both, G.W.4    Steele, E.J.5
  • 48
    • 0024343704 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional enhancement by upstream activators is brought about by different molecular mechanisms for class I and II RNA polymerase genes
    • Schreck, R., Carey, M.F., and Grummt, I. (1989). Transcriptional enhancement by upstream activators is brought about by different molecular mechanisms for class I and II RNA polymerase genes. EMBO J. 8, 3011-3017.
    • (1989) EMBO J. , vol.8 , pp. 3011-3017
    • Schreck, R.1    Carey, M.F.2    Grummt, I.3
  • 49
    • 0029566108 scopus 로고
    • A cre-transgenic mouse strain for the ubiquitous deletion of loxP-flanked gene segments including deletion in germ cells
    • Schwenk, F., Baron, U., and Rajewsky, K. (1995). A cre-transgenic mouse strain for the ubiquitous deletion of loxP-flanked gene segments including deletion in germ cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 5080-5081.
    • (1995) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.23 , pp. 5080-5081
    • Schwenk, F.1    Baron, U.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 50
    • 0025900034 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin kappa may depend on sequences 3′ of C kappa and occurs on passenger transgenes
    • Sharpe, M.J., Milstein, C., Jarvis, J.M., and Neuberger, M.S. (1991). Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin kappa may depend on sequences 3′ of C kappa and occurs on passenger transgenes. EMBO J. 10, 2139-2145.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 2139-2145
    • Sharpe, M.J.1    Milstein, C.2    Jarvis, J.M.3    Neuberger, M.S.4
  • 51
    • 0021960698 scopus 로고
    • Transcription of herpes simplex virus tk sequences under the control of wild-type and mutant human RNA polymerase I promoters
    • Smale, ST., and Tjian, R. (1985). Transcription of herpes simplex virus tk sequences under the control of wild-type and mutant human RNA polymerase I promoters. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 352-362.
    • (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 352-362
    • Smale, S.T.1    Tjian, R.2
  • 53
    • 0018758819 scopus 로고
    • Mac1: A macrophage differentiation antigen identified by monoclonal antibody
    • Springer, T., Galfre, G., Secher, D.S., and Milstein, C. (1979). Mac1: a macrophage differentiation antigen identified by monoclonal antibody. Eur. J. Immunol. 9, 301-306.
    • (1979) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 301-306
    • Springer, T.1    Galfre, G.2    Secher, D.S.3    Milstein, C.4
  • 54
    • 0027691148 scopus 로고
    • Targeted insertion of a variable region gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus
    • Taki, S., Meiering, M., and Rajewsky, K. (1993). Targeted insertion of a variable region gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Science 262, 1268-1271.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 1268-1271
    • Taki, S.1    Meiering, M.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 55
    • 0028938613 scopus 로고
    • H-C mu transcription in human precursor B lymphocytes initiates in a unique region upstream of DQ52
    • H-C mu transcription in human precursor B lymphocytes initiates in a unique region upstream of DQ52. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 257-261.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 257-261
    • Thompson, A.1    Timmers, E.2    Schuurman, R.K.3    Hendriks, R.W.4
  • 56
    • 0024282746 scopus 로고
    • Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase
    • Tindall, K.R., and Kunkel, T.A. (1988). Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Biochemistry 27, 6008-6013.
    • (1988) Biochemistry , vol.27 , pp. 6008-6013
    • Tindall, K.R.1    Kunkel, T.A.2
  • 57
    • 0031041632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transcriptional promoter regulates hypermutation of the antibody heavy chain locus
    • Tumas-Brundage, K., and Manser, T. (1997). The transcriptional promoter regulates hypermutation of the antibody heavy chain locus. J. Exp. Med. 185, 239-250.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.185 , pp. 239-250
    • Tumas-Brundage, K.1    Manser, T.2
  • 58
    • 0025911081 scopus 로고
    • Position of the rearranged V kappa and its 5′ flanking sequences determines the location of somatic mutations in the J kappa locus
    • Weber, J.S., Berry, J., Manser, T., and Claflin, J.L. (1991). Position of the rearranged V kappa and its 5′ flanking sequences determines the location of somatic mutations in the J kappa locus. J. Immunol. 146, 3652-3655.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 3652-3655
    • Weber, J.S.1    Berry, J.2    Manser, T.3    Claflin, J.L.4
  • 59
    • 0020759450 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and joining segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain genes are closely linked and in the same orientation: Implications for the joining mechanism
    • Wood, C., and Tonegawa, S. (1983). Diversity and joining segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain genes are closely linked and in the same orientation: implications for the joining mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 3030-3034.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 3030-3034
    • Wood, C.1    Tonegawa, S.2
  • 61
    • 0029074137 scopus 로고
    • Recycling of the general transcription factors during RNA polymerase II transcription
    • Zawel, L., Kumar, K.P., and Reinberg, D. (1995). Recycling of the general transcription factors during RNA polymerase II transcription. Genes Dev. 9, 1479-1490.
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 1479-1490
    • Zawel, L.1    Kumar, K.P.2    Reinberg, D.3
  • 62
    • 0026875183 scopus 로고
    • Advances in RNA polymerase II transcription
    • Zawel, L., and Reinberg, D. (1992). Advances in RNA polymerase II transcription. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4, 488-495.
    • (1992) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 488-495
    • Zawel, L.1    Reinberg, D.2
  • 63
    • 0028600629 scopus 로고
    • Localization of pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian nuclei
    • Zhang, G., Taneja, K.L., Singer, R.H., and Green, M.R. (1994). Localization of pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian nuclei. Nature 372, 809-812.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 809-812
    • Zhang, G.1    Taneja, K.L.2    Singer, R.H.3    Green, M.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.