Calcineurin: Form and function

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 1483-1521

  Rusnak, F ^a   Mertz, P ^a  

^a MAYO GRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZOTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVE; CALCINEURIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; ENDOTHALL DERIVATIVE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; L 658 818; NATURAL PRODUCT; OKADAIC ACID; PD 144795; PEPTIDE; PHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; PYRETHROID; TACROLIMUS; TYRPHOSTIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; CALCIUM BINDING; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CELL CYCLE; CELL SURVIVAL; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG STRUCTURE; ENZYME ACTIVE SITE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME MECHANISM; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; ENZYME PURIFICATION; ENZYME REGULATION; ENZYME STRUCTURE; ENZYME SUBUNIT; EXOCYTOSIS; GENE SEQUENCE; HUMAN; MICROBIAL GROWTH; NONHUMAN; OSMOTIC STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0033779701     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1483     Document Type: Review

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96. Roles of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and phosphatase in calcium-dependent transcription of immediate early genes
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98. 7-Oxa[221]bicycloheptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives as phosphatase inhibitors
99. Pyrethroid insecticides as phosphatase inhihitors
100. Protein phosphatose 2B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for tolerance to manganese, in blocking the entry of ions into the cells
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103. More on target with protein phosphorylation: Conferring specificity by location
104. 2+
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110. Correlation of calcineurin phosphatase activity and programmed cell death in murine T cell hybridomas
111. Fas ligand induction in human NK cells is regulated by redox through a calcineurin-nuclear factors of activated T cell-dependent pathway
112. Identification of the calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in rat pancreatic islets
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120. Three dimensional structure of the catalytic subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1
121. 2+/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase, in the diagnostic tumor pathology
122. Dephosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2, τ factor, and tubulin by calcineurin
123. L-type calcium channels and GSK-3 regulate the activity of NF-ATc4 in hippocampal neurons
124. X-ray structure of calcineurin inhibited by the immunophilin-immunosuppressant FKBP12-FK506 complex
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126. p53 Transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat is blocked by PD 144795, a calcineurin-inhibitor with anti-HIV properties
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128. Crystal structure of mammalian purple acid phosphatase
129. Cloning of human calcineurin A: Evidence for two isozymes and identification of a proline structural domain
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131. 2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase
132. Molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the two subunits of Drosophila melanogaster calcineurin
133. Structure of native and Apo carbonic anhydrase II and structure of some of its anion-ligand complexes
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136. Identification of high-affinity calmodulin-binding proteins in rat liver
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138. Identification of an autoinhibitory domain in calcineurin
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140. Pyruvate kinase: Is the mechanism of phospho transfer associative or dissociative?
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143. Identification of immunosuppressive drug targets in yeast
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145. +-ATPase assembly
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147. Inhibition of neutrophil chemokinesis on vitronectin by inhibitors of calcineurin
148. 2- group
149. Transition-state structures for the native dual-specific phosphatase VHR and D92N and S131A mutants, contributions to the driving force for catalysis
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151. 2+
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158. Transcriptional regulation of the human FasL promoter-enhancer region
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160. A role for calcineurin in Dictyostelium discoideum development
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172. The crystal structure of urease from Klebsiella aerogenes
173. Transcriptional regulation of the IL-2 gene
174. 'Orbital steering,' entropy, and rate accelerations
175. Distinct tissue and cellular distribution of two major isoforms of calcineurin
176. Characterization of the calcium-binding sites of calcineurin B
177. AKAP79 inhibits calcineurin through a site distinct from the immunophilin-binding region
178. Calcium-binding proteins 1: EF-hands
179. The mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive drug FK- 506
180. Effects of cyclosporin A and FK506 on Fc(ε) receptor type I-initiated increases in cytokine mRNA in mouse bone marrow-derived progenitor mast cells: Resistance to FK506 is associated with a deficiency in FK506-binding protein FKBP12
181. Cytoskeletal changes in the brains of mice lacking calcineurin Aα
182. Contributions of myristoylation to calcineurin structure/function
183. Determinants of calcineurin binding to model membranes
184. 2+/calmodulin-independent activation of calcineurin from Dictyostelium by unsaturated long chain fatty acids
185. Molecular cloning of the type 5, iron-containing, tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase from human placenta
186. Assay of Schistosoma mansoni calcineurin phosphatase activity and assessment of its role in parasite survival
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191. Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the calmodulin-binding domain of mouse brain calcineurin
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193. Differential expression of calmodulin-binding proteins in B, T lymphocytes and thymocytes
194. Activation of calcineurin by nickel ions
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196. Mammalian brain phosphoproteins as substrates for calcineurin
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198. Protein phosphatase and kinase activities possibly involved in exocytosis regulation in Paramecium tetraurelia
199. The dimetal center in purple acid phosphatase
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202. Concerted regulation of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by calmodulin
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205. Calcineurin
206. Purification of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitory protein by affinity chromatography on activator protein coupled to Sepharose
207. Control of calcineurin protein phosphatase activity
208. Regulation of the calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase calcineurin
209. Immunocytochemical localization of cyclic GMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin and calcineurin in Paramecium tetraurelia
210. Contractility and inhibition of protein phosphatases by cantharidin
211. X-ray structure of the Escherichia coli periplasmic 5'-nucleotidase containing a dimetal catalytic site
212. Conserved sequence pattern in a wide variety of phosphoesterases
213. Calcineurin subunit B is required for normal vegetative growth in Neurospora crassa
214. MOLSCRIPT: A program to produce both detail and schematic plots of protein structure
215. Purple acid phosphatases and catechol oxidase and their model compounds. Crystal structure studies of purple acid phosphatase from red kidney beans
216. Calcineurin: A brain-specific isozyme of protein phosphatase-2B
217. Calcium-dependent inactivation of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is NR2 subunit specific
218. Genes for calcineurin B-like proteins in Arabidopsis are differentially regulated by stress signals
219. Distinct cellular expression of calcineurin Aα and Aβ in rat brain
220. Evidence for a second isoform of the catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin A)
221. cDNA cloning of a calcineurin B homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
222. Cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin: More than just immunosuppression
223. Oxo- and hydroxo-bridged diiron complexes: A chemical perspective on a biological unit
224. Cain, a novel physiological protein inhibitor of calcineurin
225. The calcineurin-dynamin I complex as a calcium sensor for synaptic vesicle endocytosis
226. Two NFAT transcription factor binding sites participate in the regulation of CD95 (Fas) ligand expression in activated human T cells
227. Apoptosis and redox homeostasis: On a possible mechanism of action of Bcl-2
228. 2+- and calcineurin-dependent recycling of an integrin to the front of migrating neutrophils
229. Isolation and cloning of a protein-serine/threonine phosphatase from an archaeon
230. 2+
231. 2+-dependent phosphatase
232. Calcineurin and human heart failure
233. Reply to revisiting calcineurin in human heart failure
234. A calcineurin homologous protein inhibits GTPase-stimulated Na-H exchange
235. Inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity by a calcineurin B homologous protein
236. FK506 and cyclosporin, molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction
237. FK506 and cyclosporin: Molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction
238. Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
239. A calcium sensor homolog required for plant salt tolerance
240. Calcineurin inhibition of dynamin I GTPase activity coupled to nerve terminal depolarization
241. Actin filaments and the opposing actions of CaM kinase II and calcineurin in regulating α7-containing nicotinic receptors on chick ciliary ganglion neurons
242. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (CMP1 and CMP2) encoding calmodulin-binding proteins homologous to the catalytic subunit of mammalian protein phosphatase 2B
243. 2+/calmodulin kinase type IV/GR and calcineurin
244. Insights derived from the structures of the Ser/Thr phosphatases calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1
245. Protein phosphatases and signaling cascades in higher plants
246. + channels in guard cells
247. Calcineurin inhibitors and cardiac hypertrophy
248. Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants
249. Inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases
250. Signalling mechanisms and the role of calcineurin in erythropoiesis
251. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a protein-serine/threonine phosphatase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictum abyssi TAG11
252. On the role of calcium during chemotactic signalling and differentiation of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum
253. Tau domains, phosphorylation, and interactions with microtubules
254. Restricted and regulated overexpression reveals calcineurin as a key component in the transition from short-term to long-term memory
255. Cellular functions of immunophilins
256. Calcineurin regulates M channel modal gating in sympathetic neurons
257. 2+/CaM-dependent kinase II: Modification of the CaM-binding domain
258. Inhibition of calcineurin by the tyrphostin class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
259. Mechanistic aspects of the low-molecular-weight phosphatase activity of the calmodulin-activated phosphatase, calcineurin
260. Isotope effects on the mechanism of calcineurin catalysis: Kinetic solvent isotope and isotope exchange studies
261. 2+
262. Use of fluorinated tyrosine phosphates to probe the substrate specificity of the low molecular weight phosphatase activity of calcineurin
263. Tcn1p/Crz1p, a calcineurin-dependent transcription factor that differentially regulates gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
264. 2+ sensor 1, the mammalian homologue of frequenin, is expressed in chromaffin and PC12 cells and regulates neurosecretion from dense-core granules
265. Identification of a third alternatively spliced cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2Bβ
266. Calcium, calmodulin, and cell cycle regulation
267. Cyclosporine attenuates pressure-overload hypertrophy in mice while enhancing susceptibility to decompensation and heart failure
268. Activated calcineurin confers high tolerance to ion stress and alters the budding pattern and cell morphology of yeast cells
269. The protein phosphatase calcineurin is essential for NaCl tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
270. Contribution of orbital alignment to organic and enzymatic reactivity
271. Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase: Isolation of subunits and reconstitution to holoenzyme
272. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses of mutants of a conserved histidine in the metallophosphatases calcineurin and λ protein phosphatase
273. Orbital steering in the catalytic power of enzymes: Small structural changes seen with large catalytic consequences
274. Cyclosporine, FK506, and rapamycin
275. Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal region of dystrophin
276. 2+ signaling
277. A viral mechanism for inhibition of the cellular phosphatase calcineurin
278. In situ localization of rat testis-specific calcineurin B subunit isoform β1 in the developing rat testis
279. Role of calcineurin and Mpk1 in regulating the onset of mitosis in budding yeast
280. Calcineurin inhibition and cardiac hypertrophy
281. A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy
282. Exocytosis induction in Paramecium tetraurelia cells by exogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase in vivo and in vitro: Possible involvement of calcineurin in exocytotic membrane fusion
283. Overexpression and purification of human calcineurin α from Escherichia coli and assessment of catalytic functions of residues surrounding the binuclear metal center
284. N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulates the dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 2 and potentiates excitatory synaptic pathways in the rat hippocampus
285. Potential role of calcineurin for brain ischemia and traumatic injury
286. Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, in the mouse testis: Its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei
287. 2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
288. Purple acid phosphatase: A diiron enzyme that catalyzes a direct phospho group transfer to water
289. cDNA cloning of a novel testis-specific calcineurin B-like protein
290. Calcineurin inhibition and cardiac hypertrophy
291. Molecular cloning of a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase from murine testis: Identification of a developmentally expressed nonneural isoenzyme
292. Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human gene for the testis-specific catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin A)
293. Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of human calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin Aα)
294. + channel α subunit by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatases
295. IGF-1 induces skeletal myocyte hypertrophy through calcineurin in association with GATA-2 and NF-ATc1
296. Motifs for metallophosphatase inhibition
297. Identification of α novel calcium-binding protein that interacts with the integrin α(iib) cytoplasmic domain
298. Cyclosporin A inhibits growth of autocrine tumour cell lines by destabilizing interleukin-3 mRNA
299. The role of protein phosphatases in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and neuronal development
300. Protein phosphatase type 2B (calcineurin)-mediated, FK506-sensitive regulation of intracellular ions in yeast is an important determinant for adaptation to high salt stress conditions
301. Genetic evidence for the functional redundancy of the calcineurin- and Mpk1-mediated pathways in the regulation of cellular events important for growth in Saccharomyes cerevisiae
302. Evolution of the EF-hand family of proteins
303. 2+/calmodulin binding proteins in Aspergillus nidulans cell cycle regulation
304. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone coding for the calcium-binding subunit of calcineurin from bovine brain: An identical amino acid sequence to the human protein
305. Angiotensin II regulates cellular immune responses through a calcineurin-dependent pathway
306. Specific identification and subcellular localization of three calmodulin-binding proteins in the rat gonadotrope: Spectrin, caldesmon, and calcineurin
307. Protein-drug complexes important for immunoregulation and organ transplantation
308. Calcineurin-mediated protein dephosphorylation in brain nerve terminals regulates the release of glutamate
309. The immunosuppressant FK506 and its nonimmunosuppressive analog L-685,818 are toxic to Cryptococcus neoformans by inhibition of a common target protein
310. Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
311. Cyclosporin A and FK-506: Immunosuppression, inhibition of transcription and the role of calcineurin
312. Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by calcineurin inhibition. Hype or hope?
313. 2+ uptake and exacerbates the cdc1(ts) growth defect
314. Calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of the human placental membrane receptor for epidermal growth factor urogastrone
315. Regulation of calcineurin by metal ions
316. A multifunctional calmodulin-stimulated phosphatase
317. Stoichiometry and dynamic interaction of metal ion activators with calcineurin phosphatase
318. 2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase activity
319. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins from adrenal cells
320. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin mediates salt adaption in plants
321. Site-directed mutagensis of Klebsiella aerogenes urease: Identification of histidine residues that appear to function in nickel ligation, substrate binding, and catalysis
322. Control of a novel adenylyl cyclase by calcineurin
323. Signaling through scaffold, anchoring, and adaptor proteins
324. Regulation of calcineurin phosphatase activity by its autoinhibitory domain
325. Characterization of the phosphatase activity of a baculovirus-expressed calcineurin A isoform
326. Calcium regulation of calcineurin phosphatase activity by its B subunit and calmodulin
327. Regulation of calcineurin gene expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
328. The protein kinases of Caenorhabditis elegans: A model for signal transduction in multicellular organisms
329. Calcium- and calmodulin-sensitive interactions of calcineurin with phospholipids
330. Calcineurin-phospholipid interactions: Identification of the phospholipid-binding subunit and analyses of a two-stage binding process
331. 1 integrin/fibronectin interaction in vitro by the serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin
332. 2+ exchangers
333. Brain protein serine/threonine phosphatases
334. XAS investigations on the iron-zinc center of purple acid phosphatase from red kidney beans
335. 2+ gradient
336. Nuclear calmodulin-binding protiens in rat neurons
337. The transcription factor NF-ATc is essential for cardiac valve formation
338. NF-ATp: A transcription factor required for the co-ordinate induction of several cytokine genes
339. NFATp, a cyclosporin-sensitive transcription factor implicated in cytokine gene induction
340. Transcription factors of the NFAT fancily: Regulation and function
341. 2+
342. Leishmania major parasites express cyclophilin isoforms with an unusual interaction with calcineurin
343. The calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (calcineurin A) is an essential gene in Aspergillus nidulans
344. Regulation of calcium-induced exocytosis from gastric chief cells by protein phosphatase-2B (calcineurin)
345. Redox regulation of calcineurin in T-lymphocytes
346. A calcineurin-B-encoding gene expressed during differentiation of the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi contains two introns
347. Characterization of calcineurin from Hymenolepsis microstoma and H. diminuta and its interactions with cyclosporin A
348. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
349. 2+ ATPase family
350. Regulation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin by redox: Implications for catalysis and signal transduction
351. Metalloenzymes and signal transduction: The protein serine/threonine phosphatases, a novel class of binuclear metal-containing enzymes
352. 2] cluster
353. Neural roles of immunophilins and their ligands
354. Nucleotide sequence of a rat calcineurin A cDNA lacking a specific 30-base pair region
355. Structure and function analysis of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase: Is a hydroxide ion the key to catalysis?
356. Sympathetic neural mechanisms of cyclosporine-induced hypertension
357. The role of calcium in the cell cycle: Facts and hypotheses
358. Calcium signaling in the cell nucleus
359. Direct modulation of calmodulin targets by the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1
360. 2+/calmodulin-dependent and -independent down-regulation of c-myb mRNA levels in erythropoietin-responsive murine erythroleukemia cells
361. The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506
362. 2+ channels by activation of protein phosphatase type 2B and by direct interaction with the channel
363. Progress towards a molecular understanding of cyclosporin A-mediated immunosuppression
364. Inhibition of cAMP-responsive element-mediated gene transcription by cyclosporin A and FK506 after membrane depolarization
365. Dissection of protein kinase and phosphatase targeting interactions
366. Localization of A-kinase through anchoring proteins
367. 2+-dependent calcineurin signalling pathway
368. Salt tolerance in plants and microorganisms: Toxicity targets and defense responses
369. Molecular interaction between cAMP and calcium in calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase system
370. Protein phosphatase regulation by endogenous inhibitors
371. Protein phosphatases: Recent progress
372. Novel protein kinases associated with calcineurin-B-like calcium sensors in arabidopsis
373. Cyanobacterial PPP family protein phosphatases possess multifunctional capabilities and are resistant to microcystin-LR
374. Suppression of signalling through transcription factor NF-AT by interactions between calcineurin and Bcl-2
375. 2+-activated cell death in mammalian cells
376. Role of kinases and the phosphatase calcineurin in the nuclear shuttling of transcription factor NF-AT4
377. Calcineurin plays a critical role in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
378. FK-506 and cyclosporin A: Immunosuppressive mechanism of action and beyond
379. Calcineurin subunit interactions: Mapping the calcineurin B binding domain on calcineurin A
380. cDNA sequence, gene organization, and progesterone induction of mRNA for uteroferrin, a porcine uterine iron transport protein
381. The role of oxidative stress in the genesis of heart disease
382. Phosphorylation of calcineurin by glycogen synthase (casein) kinase-1
383. Plant protein phosphatases
384. Immunophilins in the nervous system
385. Neural actions of immunophilin ligands
386. Gene cloning and expression and characterization of a toxin-sensitive protein phosphatase from the methanogenic archeon Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1
387. Yeast protein serine/threonine phosphatases: Multiple roles and diverse regulation
388. Calcineurin acts through the CRZ1/TCN1-encoded transcription factor to regulate gene expression in yeast
389. Dual calcium ion regulation of calcineurin by calmodulin and calcineurin B
390. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (2B) from rabbit skeletal muscle
391. 80)
392. Calcineurin-immunosupressor complexes
393. A source for the special catalytic power of enzymes: Orbital steering
394. Localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the rat
395. Crystal structure of a purple acid phosphatase containing a dinuclear Fe(III)-Zn(II) active site
396. Distribution and activity of calcineurin in rat tissues. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of testis-specific calcineurin B
397. Signaling in myocardial hypertrophy. Life after calcineurin?
398. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is the major Elk-1 phosphatase
399. +, a suppressor of calcineurin deficiency, encodes a novel MAP kinase phosphatase in fission yeast
400. Cabin 1, a negative regulator for calcineurin signalling in T lymphocytes
401. Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in mice by calcineurin inhibition
402. Pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy: Molecular, structural, and population analyses in tropomodulin-overexpressing transgenic mice
403. Cyclosporin-mediated inhibition of bovine calcineurin by cyclophilins A and B
404. Regulation of ligand-gated ion channels by protein phosphorylation
405. Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle progression
406. 2+-dependent protease
407. Transcriptional inhibition of insulin by FK506 and possible involvement of FK506 binding protein-12 in pancreatic β cells
408. 2+ homeostasis of yeast cells
409. Identification, characterization, and functional correlation of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase in sperm
410. Structure-based design of novel calcineurin (PP2B) inhibitors
411. Charged with meaning: The structure and mechanism of phosphoprotein phosphatases
412. Mode of action of tacrolimus (FK506): Molecular and cellular mechanisms
413. New immunosuppressive drugs: Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic advances
414. Stimulation of Elk1 transcriptional activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases is negatively regulated by protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin)
415. Control of rat GluR6 glutamate receptor open probability by protein kinase A and calcineurin
416. EXAFS studies of uteroferrin and its anion complexes
417. Revisiting calcineurin and human heart failure
418. Expression and function of calcineurin in mammalian nephron: Physiological roles, receptor signaling, and ion transport
419. Expression of calcineurin activity and α-subunit isoforms in specific segments of the rat nephron
420. Phosphorylation of the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase by protein kinase C
421. Regulation of cell surface expression of Fas (CD95) ligand and susceptibility to Fas (CD95)-mediated apoptosis in activation-induced T cell death involves calcineurin and protein kinase C, respectively
422. Amelioration by cyclosporin A of brain damage in transient forebrain ischemia in the rat
423. Interchangeable associations of calcineurin regulatory subunit isoforms with mammalian and fungal catalytic subunits
424. Structure and expression of two isoforms of the murine calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase regulatory subunit (calcineurin B)
425. Crystal structure of mammalian purple acid phosphatase
426. Differential subcellular localization of neural isoforms of the catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin) in central nervous system neurons: Immunohistochemistry on Formalin-fixed paraffin sections employing antigen retrieval by microwave irradiation
427. Presynaptic modulation of cortical synaptic activity by calcineurin
428. Protein serine/threonine phosphatases
429. Protein kinase CΘ cooperates with calcineurin to induce Fas ligand expression during activation-induced T cell death
430. An enzyme with a double identity: Purple acid phosphatase and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase
431. Sequence homology between purple acid phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases: Are phosphoprotein phosphatases metalloproteins containing oxide-bridged dinuclear metal centers?
432. Hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters: A biological problem with multiple chemical solutions
433. Proteins containing oxo-bridged dinuclear iron centers: A bioinorganic perspective
434. Protein phosphorylation and neuronal function
435. Purification and characterization of an inhibitor protein of brain adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
436. An endogenous inhibitor protein of brain adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
437. 80) in bovine neostriatum
438. 2+-dependent proteolysis upon platelet activation
439. Cyclosporin A, the cyclophilin class of peptidylprolyl isomerases, and blockade of T cell signal transduction
440. Characterization of the recombinant C-terminal domain of dystrophin: Phosphorylation by calrnodulin-dependent protein kinase ii and dephosphorylation by type 2B protein phosphatase
441. Calcineurin inhibition as therapy for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
442. + thymocytes undergoing thymic selection: Requirement of calcineurin activation for thymic positive selection but not negative selection
443. 2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD
444. 2+- and protein modulator-activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
445. 2+-dependent association with the protein modulator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
446. Calcineurin A alpha (PPP3CA), calcineurin A beta (PPP3CB) and calcineurin B (PPP3R1) are located on human chromosomes 4, 10q21→q22 and 2p16→p 15, respectively
447. Superoxide dismutase protects calcineurin from inactivation
448. Extended X-ray absorption free structure studies of the anion complexes of FeZn uteroferrin
449. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the FeZn derivative of uteroferrin
450. Drosophila melanogaster contains both X-linked and autosomal homologues of the gene encoding caicineurin B
451. Identification in the caicineurin A subunit of the domain that binds the regulatory B subunit
452. Affinity chromatrography purification of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase using immobilized modulator protein, a troponin C-like protein from brain
453. ESR study on caicineurin
454. + pump in the yeast plasma membrane
455. Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors
456. Human and nematode orthologs: Lessons from the analysis of 1800 human genes and the proteome of Caenorhabditis elegans
457. The road less travelled: Taming phosphatases
458. The mechanism of action of FK-506 and cyclosporin A
459. Atomic structure of adenosine deaminase complexed with a transition-state analog: Understanding catalysis and immunodeficiency mutations
460. Genetic and pharmacological evidence for a novel, intermediate phase of long-term potentiation suppressed by caicineurin
461. 2+ signal is to activate calcineurin
462. 2+/CaM-dependent phosphatase (calcineurin) is improved by mutations in URE 2 or PAM1
463. Apoptosis induced by inhibitors of the plasma membrane NADH-oxidase involves Bcl- 2 and calcineurin
464. Probing the role of histidine-372 in zinc binding and the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase by site-specific mutagenesis
465. Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: From ion channels to transmitter release and gene expression
466. Chromosomal assignments of the genes for the calcineurin aα (Calna1) and aβ subunits (Calna2) in the rat
467. Identification and molecular characterization of the calmodulin-binding subunit gene (CMP1) of protein phosphatase 2B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
468. + in fission yeast: Mutant defects in cytokinesis, cell polarity, mating and spindle pole body positioning
469. 2+-induced release of the transcription factor MEF2
470. Spectroscopic and enzymatic characterization of the active site dinuclear metal center of calcineurin: Implications for a mechanistic role
471. Evidence that caicineurin accommodates an active site binuclear metal center
472. Some new aspects of molecular mechanisms of cyclosporin A effect on immune response
473. Molecular and genetic analysis of two closely linked genes that encode, respectively, a protein phosphatase 1/2A/2B homolog and a protein kinase homolog in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120
474. Nitric oxide synthase, immunophilins and poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase: Novel targets for the development of neuroprotective drugs
475. Mutational analysis of the catalytic subunit of muscle protein phosphatase-1
476. Failure of calcineurin inhibitors to prevent pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy in rats
477. T cell responses in calcineurin Aα-deficient mice
478. Expression of the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase phosphatase (protein phosphatase-1) in Escherichia coli
479. Pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetic analysis of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase from bovine heart
480. Temperature-induced expression of yeast FKS2 is under the dual control of protein kinase C and calcineurin
481. Caicineurin activation protects T cells from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
482. 2+, with calcineurin
483. Myristoylation of calcineurin B is not required for function or interaction with immunophilinimmunosuppressant complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
484. Calcineurin modulates G protein-mediated inhibition of N-type calcium channels in rat sympathetic neurons
485. A selective role of calcineurin Aα in synaptic depotentation in hippocampus
486. Expression, purification, crystallization, and biochemical characterization of a recombinant protein phosphatase
487. Mutational analysis of a Ser/Thr phosphatase