Food macromolecule based nanodelivery systems for enhancing the bioavailability of polyphenols

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 3-15

  Hu, Bing ^a   Liu, Xixia ^b   Zhang, Chunlan ^c   Zeng, Xiaoxiong ^a  

^a NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b HUBEI NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c the Production Engineering Laboratory of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps   (China)

Author keywords

bioavailability; encapsulation; macromolecules; nanoparticles; polyphenols

Indexed keywords

CURCUMIN; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FLAVONOID; NANOCARRIER; NANOPARTICLE; POLYPHENOL; RESVERATROL; CATECHIN; NANOMATERIAL;

BIOAVAILABILITY; BIODEGRADATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMAN; INTESTINE CELL; MACROMOLECULE; METABOLISM; NANOENCAPSULATION; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SOLUBILITY; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; DIET;

BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; CATECHIN; DIET; FLAVONOIDS; HUMANS; NANOSTRUCTURES; POLYPHENOLS;

EID: 85008388795     PISSN: 10219498     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.004     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. [1] Sargeant, L.A., Khaw, K.T., Bingham, S., Day, N.E., Luben, R.N., Oakes, S., Welch, A., Wareham, N.J., Fruit and vegetable intake and population glycosylated haemoglobin levels: the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 55 (2001), 342–348.
2. [2] von Ruesten, A., Feller, S., Bergmann, M.M., Boeing, H., Diet and risk of chronic diseases: results from the first 8 years of follow-up in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Eur J Clin Nutr 67 (2013), 412–419.
3. [3] Masala, G., Assedi, M., Bendinelli, B., Ermini, I., Sieri, S., Grioni, S., Sacerdote, C., Ricceri, F., Panico, S., Mattiello, A., Tumino, R., Giurdanella, M.C., Berrino, F., Saieva, C., Palli, D., Fruit and vegetables consumption and breast cancer risk: the EPIC Italy study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 132 (2012), 1127–1136.
4. [4] Lunet, N., Lacerda-Vieira, A., Barros, H., Fruit and vegetables consumption and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Cancer 53 (2005), 1–10.
5. [5] Suganya, N., Bhakkiyalakshmi, E., Sarada, D.V.L., Ramkumar, K.M., Reversibility of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: role of polyphenols. Br J Nutr 116 (2016), 223–246.
6. [6] Pan, M.-H., Ho, C.-T., Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary compounds on cancer development. Chem Soc Rev 37 (2008), 2558–2574.
7. [7] Singh, B.N., Shankar, S., Srivastava, R.K., Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 82 (2011), 1807–1821.
8. [8] Ghosh, S., Banerjee, S., Sil, P.C., The beneficial role of curcumin on inflammation; diabetes and neurodegenerative disease: a recent update. Food Chem Toxicol 83 (2015), 111–124.
9. [9] Hausenblas, H.A., Schoulda, J.A., Smoliga, J.M., Resveratrol treatment as an adjunct to pharmacological management in type 2 diabetes mellitus—systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 59 (2015), 147–159.
10. [10] Siddiqui, I.A., Adhami, V.M., Bharali, D.J., Hafeez, B.B., Asim, M., Khwaja, S.I., Ahmad, N., Cui, H.D., Mousa, S.A., Mukhtar, H., Introducing nanochemoprevention as a novel approach for cancer control: proof of principle with green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cancer Res 69 (2009), 1712–1716.
11. [11] Heleno, S.A., Martins, A., Queiroz, M.J.R.P., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Bioactivity of phenolic acids: metabolites versus parent compounds: a review. Food Chem 173 (2015), 501–513.
12. [12] Li, Z., Jiang, H., Xu, C.M., Gu, L.W., A review: using nanoparticles to enhance absorption and bioavailability of phenolic phytochemicals. Food Hydrocoll 43 (2015), 153–164.
13. [13] Wang, S., Su, R., Nie, S.F., Sun, M., Zhang, J., Wu, D.Y., Moustaid-Moussa, N., Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem 25 (2014), 363–376.
14. [14] Acosta, E., Bioavailability of nanoparticles in nutrient and nutraceutical delivery. Curr Opin Colloid Interface 14 (2009), 3–15.
15. [15] des Rieux, A., Fievez, V., Garinot, M., Schneider, Y.J., Preat, V.J., Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: a mechanistic approach. J Control Release 116 (2006), 1–27.
16. [16] Mezzenga, R., Schurtenberger, P., Burbidge, A., Michel, M., Understanding foods as soft materials. Nat Mater 4 (2005), 729–740.
17. [17] Ubbink, J., Burbidge, A., Mezzenga, R., Food structure and functionality: a soft matter perspective. Soft Matter 4 (2008), 1569–1581.
18. [18] Huang, Q., Yu, H., Ru, Q., Bioavailability and delivery of nutraceuticals using nanotechnology. J Food Sci 75 (2010), R50–R57.
19. [19] McClements, D.J., Edible nanoemulsions: fabrication, properties, and functional performance. Soft Matter 7 (2011), 2297–2316.
20. [20] Tsao, R., Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients 2 (2010), 1231–1246.
21. [21] Tsao, R., McCallum, J., Chemistry of flavonoids. de la Rosa, L.A., Alvarez-Parrilla, E., Gonzalez-Aguilar, G., (eds.) Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals: chemistry, nutritional value and stability, 2009, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, USA, 131–153 Chapter 5.
22. [22] Valant-Vetschera, K.M., Wallenweber, E., Flavones and flavonols. Anderson, O.M., Markham, K.R., (eds.) Flavonoids: chemistry, biochemistry and applications, 2006, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 618–748.
23. [23] Williams, C.A., Flavone and flavonol O-glycosides. Anderson, O.M., Markham, K.R., (eds.) Flavonoids: chemistry, biochemistry and applications, 2006, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 749–856.
24. [24] Manthey, J.A., Cesar, T.B., Jackson, E., Mertens-Talcott, S., Pharmacokinetic study of nobiletin and tangeretin in rat serum by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 59 (2011), 145–151.
25. [25] Burns, J., Yokota, T., Ashihara, H., Lean, M.E.J., Crozier, A., Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. J Agric Food Chem 50 (2002), 3337–3340.
26. [26] Siviero, A., Gallo, E., Maggini, V., Gori, L., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., Vannacci, A., Curcumin, a golden spice with a low bioavailability. J Herb Med 5 (2015), 57–70.
27. [27] Bohn, T., Dietary factors affecting polyphenol bioavailability. Nutr Rev 72 (2016), 429–452.
28. [28] Amidon, G.L., Lennernäs, H., Shah, V.P., Crison, J.R., A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res 12 (1995), 413–420.
29. [29] Green, R.J., Murphy, A.S., Schulz, B., Watkins, B.A., Ferruzzi, M.G., Common tea formulations modulate in vitro digestive recovery of green tea catechins. Mol Nutr Food Res 51 (2007), 1152–1162.
30. [30] Peters, C.M., Green, R.J., Janle, E.M., Ferruzzi, M.G., Formulation with ascorbic acid and sucrose modulates catechin bioavailability from green tea. Food Res Int 43 (2010), 95–102.
31. [31] Cebeci, F., Sahin-Yesilcubuk, N., The matrix effect of blueberry, oat meal and milk on polyphenols, antioxidant activity and potential bioavailability. Int J Food Sci Nutr 65 (2014), 69–78.
32. [32] McDougall, G.J., Dobson, P., Smith, P., Blake, A., Stewart, D., Assessing potential bioavailability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in vitro digestion system. J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005), 5896–5904.
33. [33] Xie, Y., Kosinska, A., Xu, H., Andlauer, W., Milk enhances intestinal absorption of green tea catechins in in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cells model. Food Res Int 53 (2013), 793–800.
34. [34] van het Hof, K.H., Kivits, G.A., Weststrate, J.A., Tijburg, L.B., Bioavailability of catechins from tea: the effect of milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 52 (1998), 356–359.
35. [35] Rein, M.J., Renouf, M., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Actis-Goretta, L., Thakkar, S.K., Pinto, M.D., Bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: a challenging journey to bioefficacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75 (2013), 588–602.
36. [36] Tapiero, H., Townsend, D.M., Tew, K.D., Organosulfur compounds from alliaceae in the prevention of human pathologies. Biomed Pharmacother 58 (2004), 183–193.
37. [37] Meyer, J.H., Gastric emptying of ordinary food: effect of antrum on particle size. Am J Physiol 239 (1980), G133–G135.
38. [38] Singh, H., Ye, A., Horne, D., Structuring food emulsions in the gastrointestinal tract to modify lipid digestion. Prog Lipid Res 48 (2009), 92–100.
39. [39] Wilde, P.J., Chu, B.S., Interfacial & colloidal aspects of lipid digestion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 165 (2011), 14–22.
40. [40] Maldonado-Valderrama, J., Woodward, N.C., Gunning, A.P., Ridout, M.J., Husband, F.A., Mackie, A.R., Morris, V.J., Wilde, P.J., Interfacial characterization of β-lactoglobulin networks: displacement by bile salts. Langmuir 24 (2008), 6759–6767.
41. [41] Maldonado-Valderrama, J., Miller, R., Fainerman, V.B., Wilde, P.J., Morris, V.J., Effect of gastric conditions on β-lactoglobulin interfacial networks: influence of the oil phase on protein structure. Langmuir 26 (2010), 15901–15908.
42. [42] Euston, S.R., Baird, W.G., Campbell, L., Kuhns, M., Competitive adsorption of dihydroxy and trihydroxy bile salts with whey protein and casein in oil-in-water emulsions. Biomacromolecules 14 (2013), 1850–1858.
43. [43] Fernandes, I., Faria, A., Calhau, C., de Freitas, V., Mateus, N., Bioavailability of anthocyanins and derivatives. J Funct Foods 7 (2014), 54–66.
44. [44] Yoshino, K., Suzuki, M., Sasaki, K., Miyase, T., Sano, M., Formation of antioxidants from (−)-epigallocatechin gallate in mild alkaline fluids, such as authentic intestinal juice and mouse plasma. J Nut Biochem 10 (1999), 223–229.
45. [45] Amri, A., Chaumeil, J.C., Sfar, S., Charrueau, C., Administration of resveratrol: what formulation solutions to bioavailability limitations?. J Control Release 158 (2012), 182–193.
46. [46] Bernabé-Pineda, M., Ramírez-Silva, M.T., Romero-Romo M,González-Vergara, E., Rojas-Hernández, A., Determination of acidity constants of curcumin in aqueous solution and apparent rate constant of its decomposition. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 60 (2004), 1091–1097.
47. [47] Kahle, K., Kraus, M., Scheppach, W., Richling, E., Colonic availability of apple polyphenols–a study in ileostomy subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 49 (2005), 1143–1150.
48. [48] Hollman, P.C., de Vries, J.H., van Leeuwen, S.D., Mengelers, M.J.B., Katan, M.B., Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 62 (1995), 1276–1282.
49. [49] Barrington, R., Williamson, G., Bennett, R.N., Davis, B.D., Brodbelt, J.S., Kroon, P.A., Absorption, conjugation and efflux of the flavonoids, kaempferol and galangin, using the intestinal CaCo-2/TC7 cell model. J Funct Foods 1 (2009), 74–87.
50. [50] Kaldas, M.I., Walle, U.K., Walle, T., Resveratrol transport and metabolism by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 55 (2003), 307–312.
51. [51] Yu, H.L., Huang, Q.R., Investigation of the absorption mechanism of solubilized curcumin using Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Agric Food Chem 59 (2011), 9120–9126.
52. [52] Murota, K., Shimizu, S., Miyamoto, S., Izumi, T., Obata, A., Kikuchi, M., Terao, J., Unique uptake and transport of isoflavone aglycones by human intestinal Caco-2 cells: comparison of isoflavonoids and flavonoids. J Nutr 132 (2002), 1956–1961.
53. [53] Wen, X., Walle, T., Methylated flavonoids have greatly improved intestinal absorption and metabolic stability. Drug Metab Dispos 34 (2006), 1786–1792.
54. [54] Actis-Goretta, L., Leveques, A., Rein, M., Teml, A., Schafer, C., Hofmann, U., Li, H.Q., Schwab, M., Eichelbaum, M., Williamson, G., Intestinal absorption, metabolism, and excretion of (−)-epicatechin in healthy humans assessed by using an intestinal perfusion technique. Am J Clin Nutr 98 (2013), 924–933.
55. [55] Appeldoorn, M.M., Vincken, J.P., Gruppen, H., Hollman, P.C.H., Procyanidin dimers A1, A2, and B2 are absorbed without conjugation or methylation from the small intestine of rats. J Nutr 139 (2009), 1469–1473.
56. [56] Urpi-Sarda, M., Monagas, M., Khan, N., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., Santos-Buelga, C., Sacanella, E., Castell, M., Permanyer, J., Andres-Lacueva, C., Epicatechin, procyanidins, and phenolic microbial metabolites after cocoa intake in humans and rats. Anal Bioanal Chem 394 (2009), 1545–1556.
57. [57] Gonthier, M.P., Donovan, J.L., Texier, O., Felgines, C., Remesy, C., Scalbert, A., Metabolism of dietary procyanidins in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 35 (2003), 837–844.
58. [58] Wolffram, S., Block, M., Ader, P., Quercetin-3-glucoside is transported by the glucose carrier SGLT1 across the brush border membrane of rat small intestine. J Nutr 132 (2002), 630–635.
59. [59] Walle, T., Walle, U.K., The β-d-glucoside and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1)-inhibitor phloridzin is transported by both SGLT1 and multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1/2. Drug Metab Dispos 31 (2003), 1288–1291.
60. [60] Teng, Z., Yuan, C., Zhang, F., Huan, M.L., Cao, W.D., Li, K.C., Yang, J.Y., Cao, D.Y., Zhou, S.Y., Mei, Q.B., Intestinal absorption and first-pass metabolism of polyphenol compounds in rat and their transport dynamics in Caco-2 cells. PLoS ONE, 7, 2012, e29647.
61. [61] Pan, M.H., Huang, T.M., Lin, J.K., Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 27 (1999), 486–494.
62. [62] Sang, S.M., Lambert, J.D., Ho, C.T., Yang, C.S., The chemistry and biotransformation of tea constituents. Pharmacol Res 64 (2011), 87–99.
63. [63] De Santi, C., Pietrabissa, A., Mosca, F., Pacifici, G.M., Methylation of quercetin and fisetin, flavonoids widely distributed in edible vegetables, fruits and wine, by human liver. Int J Clin Pharm Ther 40 (2002), 207–212.
64. [64] Murakami, T., Takano, M., Intestinal efflux transporters and drug absorption. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 4 (2008), 923–939.
65. [65] Gill, R.K., Saksena, S., Alrefai, W.A., Alrefai, W.A., Saksena, S., Goldstein, J.L., Carroll, R.E., Ramaswamy, K., Dudeja, P.K., Expression and membrane localization of MCT isoforms along the length of the human intestine. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289 (2005), C846–C852.
66. [66] Hong, J., Lu, H., Meng, X., Ryu, J.H., Hara, Y., Yang, C.S., Stability, cellular uptake, biotransformation, and efflux of tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 62 (2002), 7241–7246.
67. [67] Elzoghby, A.O., Gelatin-based nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems: reviewing three decades of research. J Control Release 172 (2013), 1075–1091.
68. [68] Elzoghby, A.O., Samy, W.M., Elgindy, N.A., Protein-based nanocarriers as promising drug and gene delivery systems. J Control Release 161 (2012), 38–49.
69. [69] Shpigelman, A., Israeli, G., Livney, Y.D., Thermally-induced protein polyphenol co-assemblies: beta lactoglobulin-based nanocomplexes as protective nanovehicles for EGCG. Food Hydrocoll 24 (2010), 735–743.
70. [70] Lestringant, P., Guri, A., Gülseren, İ., Relkin, P., Corredig, M., Effect of processing on physicochemical characteristics and bioefficacy of β-lactoglobulin–epigallocatechin-3-gallate complexes. J Agric Food Chem 62 (2014), 8357–8364.
71. [71] Li, B., Du, W.K., Jin, J.C., Du, Q.Z., Preservation of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate antioxidant properties loaded in heat treated β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles. J Agric Food Chem 60 (2012), 3477–3484.
72. [72] Yang, W., Xu, C.Q., Liu, F.G., Yuan, F., Gao, Y.X., Native and thermally modified protein–polyphenol coassemblies: lactoferrin-based nanoparticles and submicrometer particles as protective vehicles for (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Agric Food Chem 62 (2014), 10816–10827.
73. [73] Li, M., Cui, J., Ngadi, M.O., Ma, Y., Absorption mechanism of whey-protein-delivered curcumin using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem 180 (2015), 48–54.
74. [74] Liang, L., Tajmir-Riahi, H.A., Subirade, M., Interaction of β-lactoglobulin with resveratrol and its biological implications. Biomacromolecules 9 (2008), 50–56.
75. [75] Hemar, Y., Gerbeaud, M., Oliver, C.M., Augustin, M.A., Investigation into the interaction between resveratrol and whey proteins using fluorescence spectroscopy. J Food Sci Technol 46 (2011), 2137–2144.
76. [76] Guo, L.Y., Peng, Y., Li, Y.L., Yao, J.P., Zhang, G.M., Chen, J., Wand, J.G., Sui, L.H., Cell death pathway induced by resveratrol-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles in a human ovarian cell line. Oncol Lett 9 (2015), 1359–1363.
77. [77] Esmaili, M., Ghaffari, S.M., Moosavi-Movahedi, Z., Atri, M.S., Sharifizadeh, A., Farhadi, M., Yousefi, R., Chobert, J.M., Haertlé, T., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A., β-Casein-micelle as a nano vehicle for solubility enhancement of curcumin; food industry application. LWT-Food Sci Technol 44 (2011), 2166–2172.
78. [78] Pan, K., Zhong, Q.X., Baek, S.J., Enhanced dispersibility and bioactivity of curcumin by encapsulation in casein nanocapsules. J Agric Food Chem 61 (2013), 6036–6043.
79. [79] Pan, K., Luo, Y.C., Gan, Y.D., Baek, S.J., Zhong, Q.X., pH-driven encapsulation of curcumin in self-assembled casein nanoparticles for enhanced dispersibility and bioactivity. Soft Matter 10 (2014), 6820–6830.
80. [80] Sneharani, A.H., Singh, S.A., Rao, A.G.A., Interaction of rS1-casein with curcumin and its biological implications. J Agric Food Chem 57 (2009), 10386–10391.
81. [81] Shutava, T.G., Balkundi, S.S., Vangala, P., Steffan, J.J., Bigelow, R.L., Cardelli, J.A., O'Neal, D.P., Lvov, Y.M., Layer-by-layer-coated gelatin nanoparticles as a vehicle for delivery of natural polyphenols. ACS Nano 3 (2009), 1877–1885.
82. [82] Karthikeyan, S., Hoti, S.L., Prasad, N.R., Resveratrol loaded gelatin nanoparticles synergistically inhibits cell cycle progression and constitutive NF-kappaB activation, and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 70 (2015), 274–282.
83. [83] Gomez-Estaca, J., Balaguer, M.P., Gavara, R., Hernandez-Munoz, P., Formation of zein nanoparticles by electrohydrodynamic atomization: effect of the main processing variables and suitability for encapsulating the food coloring and active ingredient curcumin. Food Hydrocoll 28 (2012), 82–91.
84. [84] Guan, X., Yin, T., Han, F., Light stability, controlled-release and antioxidation of resveratrol–hordein composite nanoparticles. Chem J Chin Univ 36 (2015), 1707–1712.
85. [85] Penalva, R., Esparza, I., Larraneta, E., González-Navarro, C.J., Gamazo, C., Irache, J.M., Zein-based nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol and its anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of endotoxic shock. J Agric Food Chem 63 (2015), 5603–5611.
86. [86] Dash, M., Chiellini, F., Ottenbrite, R.M., Chiellini, E., Chitosan—a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 36 (2011), 981–1014.
87. [87] Park, S.J., Garcia, C.V., Shin, G.H., Kim, J.T., Fabrication and optimization of EGCG-loaded nanoparticles by high pressure homogenization. J Appl Polym Sci, 133, 2016, 43269.
88. [88] Siddiqui, I.A., Bharali, D.J., Nihal, M., Adhami, V.M., Khan, N., Chamcheu, J.C., Khan, M.I., Shaban, S., Mous, S.A., Mukhtar, H., Excellent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on human melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine NBM 10 (2014), 1619–1626.
89. [89] Lin, Y.-H., Chen, Z.-R., Lai, C.-H., Hsieh, C.-H., Feng, C.-L., Active targeted nanoparticles for oral administration of gastric cancer therapy. Biomacromolecules 16 (2015), 3021–3032.
90. [90] Liu, F., Majeed, H., Antoniou, J., Li, Y., Ma, Y., Yokoyama, W., Ma, J.G., Zhong, F., pH and temperature stability of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate–β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 149 (2016), 340–347.
91. [91] Chuah, L.H., Roberts, C.J., Billa, N., Abdullah, S., Rosli, R., Cellular uptake and anticancer effects of mucoadhesive curcumin-containing chitosan nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 116 (2014), 228–236.
92. [92] Bhunchu, S., Rojsitthisak, P., Rojsitthisak, P., Effects of preparation parameters on the characteristics of chitosan–alginate nanoparticles containing curcumin diethyl disuccinate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 28 (2015), 64–72.
93. [93] Tan, C., Xie, J.H., Zhang, X.M., Cai, J.B., Xia, S.Q., Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles by chitosan and gum arabic polyelectrolyte complexation as carriers for curcumin. Food Hydrocoll 57 (2016), 236–245.
94. [94] Zu, Y.G., Zhang, Y., Wang, W.G., Zhao, X.H., Han, X., Wang, K.L., Ge, Y.L., Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of resveratrol-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 23 (2016), 981–991.
95. [95] Kim, S., Ng, W.K., Dong, Y.C., Das, S., Tan, R.B.H., Preparation and physicochemical characterization of trans-resveratrol nanoparticles by temperature-controlled antisolvent precipitation. J Food Eng 108 (2012), 37–42.
96. [96] Zhou, H.H., Sun, X.Y., Zhang, L.L., Zhang, P., Li, J., Liu, Y.-N., Fabrication of biopolymeric complex coacervation core micelles for efficient tea polyphenol delivery via a green process. Langmuir 28 (2012), 14553–14561.
97. [97] Xue, J., Tan, C., Zhang, X.M., Feng, B., Xia, S.Q., Fabrication of epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanocarrier based on glycosylated casein: stability and interaction mechanism. J Agric Food Chem 62 (2014), 4677–4684.
98. [98] Xia, S.Q., Li, Y.Q., Xia, Q.Y., Zhang, X.M., Huang, Q.R., Glycosylation of bovine serum albumin via Maillard reaction prevents epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced protein aggregation. Food Hydrocoll 43 (2015), 228–235.
99. [99] Jones, O.G., McClements, D.J., Recent progress in biopolymer nanoparticle and microparticle formation by heat-treating electrostatic protein–polysaccharide complexes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 167 (2011), 49–62.
100. [100] Spada, J.C., Marczak, L.D.F., Tessaro, I.C., Cardozo, N.S.M., Interactions between soy protein from water-soluble soy extract and polysaccharides in solutions with polydextrose. Carbohydr Polym 134 (2015), 119–127.
101. [101] Norton, I.T., Frith, W.J., Microstructure design in mixed biopolymer composites. Food Hydrocoll 15 (2001), 543–553.
102. [102] Hong, Y.H., McClements, D.J., Formation of hydrogel particles by thermal treatment of beta-lactoglobulin–chitosan complexes. J Agric Food Chem 55 (2007), 5653–5660.
103. [103] Lee, A.C., Hong, Y.H., Coacervate formation of alpha-lactalbumin–chitosan and beta-lactoglobulin–chitosan complexes. Food Res Int 42 (2009), 733–738.
104. [104] Jones, O.G., Decker, E.A., McClements, D.J., Formation of biopolymer particles by thermal treatment of beta-lactoglobulin–pectin complexes. Food Hydrocoll 23 (2009), 1312–1321.
105. [105] Zimet, P., Livney, Y.D., Beta-lactoglobulin and its nanocomplexes with pectin as vehicles for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Hydrocoll 23 (2009), 1120–1126.
106. [106] Hu, B., Ting, Y.W., Yang, X.Q., Tang, W.P., Zeng, X.X., Huang, Q.R., Nanochemoprevention by encapsulation of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate with bioactive peptides/chitosan nanoparticles for enhancement of its bioavailability. Chem Commun 48 (2012), 2421–2423.
107. [107] Hu, B., Ting, Y.W., Zeng, X.X., Huang, Q.R., Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan-caseinophosphopeptides nanocomplexes loaded with epigallocatechin gallate. Carbohydr Polym 89 (2012), 362–370.
108. [108] Hu, B., Pan, C.L., Sun, Y., Ye, H., Hou, Z.Y., Ye, H., Zeng, X.X., Optimization of fabrication parameters to produce chitosan–tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for delivery of tea catechins. J Agric Food Chem 56 (2008), 7451–7458.
109. [109] Hu, B., Ting, Y.W., Zeng, X.X., Huang, Q.R., Bioactive peptides/chitosan nanoparticles enhance cellular antioxidant activity of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Agric Food Chem 61 (2013), 875–881.
110. [110] Guri, A., Gülseren, I., Corredig, M., Utilization of solid lipid nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of curcumin in cocultures of HT29-MTX and Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 4 (2013), 1410–1419.
111. [111] Sun, J.B., Bi, C., Chan, H.M., Sun, S.P., Zhang, Q.W., Zhen, Y., Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro antitumour activity, cellular uptake and improved in vivo bioavailability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 111 (2013), 367–375.
112. [112] Neves, A.R., Lúcio, M., Martins, S., Lima, J.L.C., Reis, S., Novel resveratrol nanodelivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles to enhance its oral bioavailability. Int J Nanomed 8 (2013), 177–187.
113. [113] Jose, S., Anju, S.S., Cinu, T.A., Aleykutty, N.A., Thomas, S., Souto, E.B., In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery. Int J Pharm 474 (2014), 6–13.
114. [114] Pandita, D., Kumar, S., Poonia, N., Lather, V., Solid lipid nanoparticles enhance oral bioavailability of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol. Food Res Int 62 (2014), 1165–1174.
115. [115] Teskac, K., Kristl, J., The evidence for solid lipid nanoparticles mediated cell uptake of resveratrol. Int J Pharm 390 (2010), 61–69.
116. [116] Zhang, J., Nie, S.F., Wang, S., Nanoencapsulation enhances epigallocatechin-3-gallate stability and its antiatherogenic bioactivities in macrophages. J Agric Food Chem 61 (2013), 9200–9209.
117. [117] Ramalingam, P., Yoo, S.W., Ko, Y.T., Nanodelivery systems based on mucoadhesive polymer coated solid lipid nanoparticles to improve the oral intake of food curcumin. Food Res Int 84 (2016), 113–119.
118. [118] Zou, L.Q., Zheng, B.J., Zhang, R.J., Zhang, Z.P., Liu, W., Liu, C.M., Xiao, H., McClements, D.J., Enhancing the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic bioactive agents using mixed colloidal dispersions: curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles plus digestible lipid nanoparticles. Food Res Int 81 (2016), 74–82.
119. [119] D'Souza, A.A., Devarajan, P.V., Bioenhanced oral curcumin nanoparticles: role of carbohydrates. Carbohydr Polym 136 (2016), 1251–1258.
120. [120] Davidov-Pardo, G., Pérez-Ciordia, S., Marín-Arroyo, M.R., McClements, D.J., Improving resveratrol bioaccessibility using biopolymer nanoparticles and complexes: impact of protein–carbohydrate Maillard conjugation. J Agric Food Chem 63 (2015), 3915–3923.
121. [121] Hu, B., Xie, M.H., Zhang, C., Zeng, X.X., Genipin-structured peptide–polysaccharide nanoparticles with significantly improved resistance to harsh gastrointestinal environments and their potential for oral delivery of polyphenols. J Agric Food Chem 62 (2014), 12443–12452.