Isolation and Analysis of Phospholipids in Dairy Foods

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Volumn 2016, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Pimentel, Lígia ^a   Gomes, Ana ^a   Pintado, Manuela ^a   Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis Miguel ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSIDAD BERNARDO O'HIGGINS   (Chile)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PHOSPHOLIPID;

DAIRY PRODUCT; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG ISOLATION; FRACTIONATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LIPID COMPOSITION; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; REVIEW;

EID: 84984670523     PISSN: 20908865     EISSN: 20908873     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2016/9827369     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. R. G. Jensen, "The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 295-350, 2002.
2. N. Aldai, B. E. Murray, A. I. Nájera, D. J. Troy, and K. Osoro, "Derivatization of fatty acids and its application for conjugated linoleic acid studies in ruminant meat lipids, " Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 1073-1083, 2005.
3. G. Contarini andM. Povolo, "Volatile fraction ofmilk: comparison between, purge and trap and solid phase microextraction techniques, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 25, pp. 7350-7355, 2002.
4. R. Adlof and T. Lamm, "Fractionation of cis-and trans-oleic, linoleic, and conjugated linoleic fatty acid methyl esters by silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 799, no. 1-2, pp. 329-332, 1998.
5. C. Altieri, A. Bevilacqua, D. Cardillo, andM. Sinigaglia, "Effectiveness of fatty acids and their monoglycerides against gramnegative pathogens, " International Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 359-366, 2009.
6. H. Thormar and H. Hilmarsson, "The role of microbicidal lipids in host defense against pathogens and their potential as therapeutic agents, " Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2007.
7. P. W. Parodi, "Milk fat in human nutrition, " Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 3-59, 2004.
8. B. Vlaeminck, V. Fievez, A. R. J. Cabrita, A. J. M. Fonseca, and R. J. Dewhurst, "Factors affecting odd-and branched-chain fatty acids inmilk: A review, "Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 131, no. 3-4, pp. 389-417, 2006.
9. D. L. Waitzberg, R. S. Torrinhas, and T. M. Jacintho, "New parenteral lipid emulsions for clinical use, " Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 351-367, 2006.
10. B. Marten, M. Pfeuffer, and J. Schrezenmeir, "Medium-chain triglycerides, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1374-1382, 2006.
11. J. Molkentin, "Occurrence and biochemical characteristics of natural bioactive substances in bovine milk lipids, " British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. S47-S53, 2000.
12. K. Dewettinck, R. Rombaut, N. Thienpont, T. T. Le, K. Messens, and J. Van Camp, "Nutritional and technological aspects ofmilk fat globule membrane material, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 436-457, 2008.
13. E. Frede, D. Precht, and H. Timmen, "Lipide: fettsäuren, fette und fettbegleitstoffe einschlieblich fettlöslicher Vitamine, " KompendiumzurMilchwirtschaftlichen Chemie, pp. 57-78, 1990.
14. H. Saito and K. Ishihara, "Antioxidant activity and active sites of phospholipids as antioxidants, " Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 1531-1536, 1997.
15. A. C. M. Van Hooijdonk, K. D. Kussendrager, and J. M. Steijns, "In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defence, " British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 84, supplement 1, pp. S127-S134, 2000.
16. A. Kivinen, S. Tarpila, S. Salminen, and H. Vapaatalo, "Gastroprotection with milk phospholipids: A first human study, " Milchwissenschaft, vol. 47, pp. 694-696, 1992.
17. V. L. Spitsberg, "Invited review: bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 2289-2294, 2005.
18. G. Pepeu, I. M. Pepeu, and L. Amaducci, "A review of phosphatidylserine pharmacological and clinical effects. Is phosphatidylserine a drug for the ageing brain" Pharmacological Research, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 73-80, 1996.
19. J. Kornhuber, M. Reichel, P. Tripal et al., "The role of ceramide in major depressive disorder, " European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 259, supplement 2, pp. S199-S204, 2009.
20. I. Bjelland, G. S. Tell, S. E. Vollset, S. Konstantinova, and P. M. Ueland, "Choline in anxiety and depression: The Hordaland Health Study, "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 1056-1060, 2009.
21. H.-Y. Kim, M. Akbar, and Y.-S. Kim, "Phosphatidylserinedependent neuroprotective signaling promoted by docosahexaenoic acid, " Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 82, no. 4-6, pp. 165-172, 2010.
22. L. H.-W. Lee, G. Shui, A. A. Farooqui, M. R. Wenk, C.-H. Tan, and W.-Y. Ong, "Lipidomic analyses of the mouse brain after antidepressant treatment: evidence for endogenous release of long-chain fatty acids" International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 953-964, 2009.
23. M. G. Reis, N. C. Roy, E. N. Bermingham et al., "Impact of dietary dairy polar lipids on lipidmetabolism ofmice fed a highfat diet, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2729-2738, 2013.
24. K. Berding, M. Wang, M. H. Monaco et al., "Prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions affect gut development, microbiota and neurotransmitter expression in piglets, " Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2016.
25. A. Tellez, M. Corredig, A. Guri, R. Zanabria, M. W. Griffiths, and V. Delcenserie, "Bovine milk fat globule membrane affects virulence expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 95, no. 11, pp. 6313-6319, 2012.
26. S. J. Ten Bruggencate, P. D. Frederiksen, S. M. Pedersen et al., "Dietary milk-fat-globule membrane affects resistance to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in healthy adults in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, "The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 249-255, 2016.
27. H. Burling and G. Graverholt, "Milk-a new source for bioactive phospholipids for use in food formulations, " Lipid Technology, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 229-231, 2008.
28. Panel on BiologicalHazards, "Scientific Opinion on the revision of the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the BSE risk posed by processed animal proteins (PAPs), " EFSA Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1947, 2011.
29. L. M. Rodrguez-Alcalá, L. Alonso, and J. Fontecha, "Stability of fatty acid composition after thermal, high pressure, and microwave processing of cow milk as affected by polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. 7307-7315, 2014.
30. S. M. Herzallah, M. A. Humeid, and K. M. Al-Ismail, "Effect of heating and processing methods of milk and dairy products on conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acid isomer content, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1301-1310, 2005.
31. Y. Yao, G. Zhao, X. Zou, L. Huang, and X. Wang, "Microstructural and lipid composition changes in milk fat globules during milk powder manufacture, " RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 77, pp. 62638-62646, 2015.
32. P. Morin, R. Jimenez-Flores, andY. Pouliot, "Effect of processing on the composition and microstructure of buttermilk and its milk fat globule membranes, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1179-1187, 2007.
33. R. Rombaut, J. V. Camp, and K. Dewettinck, "Phospho-and sphingolipid distribution during processing of milk, butter and whey, " International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 435-443, 2006.
34. R. Rombaut, K. Dewettinck, and J. Van Camp, "Phospho-and sphingolipid content of selected dairy products as determined by HPLC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), " Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 20, no. 3-4, pp. 308-312, 2007.
35. R. Rombaut and K. Dewettinck, "Properties, analysis and purification of milk polar lipids, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1362-1373, 2006.
36. Y. Yao, G. Zhao, J. Xiang, X. Zou, Q. Jin, and X. Wang, "Lipid composition and structural characteristics of bovine, caprine and human milk fat globules, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 56, pp. 64-73, 2016.
37. M. P. Castro-Gómez, L. M. Rodriguez-Alcalá, M. V. Calvo et al., "Total milk fat extraction and quantification of polar and neutral lipids of cow, goat, and ewe milk by using a pressurized liquid system and chromatographic techniques, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 6719-6728, 2014.
38. L. Zancada, F. Pérez-Dez, F. Sánchez-Juanes, J. M. Alonso, L. A. Garca-Pardo, and P. Hueso, "Phospholipid classes and fatty acid composition of ewe's and goat's milk, " Grasas y Aceites, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 304-310, 2013.
39. G. Contarini and M. Povolo, "Phospholipids inmilk fat: composition, biological and technological significance, and analytical strategies, " International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 2808-2831, 2013.
40. L. M. Rodrguez-Alcalá and J. Fontecha, "Major lipid classes separation of buttermilk, and cows, goats and ewes milk by high performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector focused on the phospholipid fraction, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1217, no. 18, pp. 3063-3066, 2010.
41. Y. W. Park, "Bioactive components in goat milk, " in Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products, Y. W. Park, Ed., pp. 43-82, JohnWiley & Sons, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2009.
42. K. M. Barry, T. G. Dinan, B. A. Murray, and P. M. Kelly, "Comparison of dairy phospholipid preparative extraction protocols in combination with analysis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 56, pp. 179-185, 2016.
43. B. Fong, L. Ma, and C. Norris, "Analysis of phospholipids in infant formulas using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 858-865, 2013.
44. T. Ferreiro, S. Martnez, L. Gayoso, and J. Rodrguez-Otero, "Evolution of phospholipid contents during the production of quark cheese frombuttermilk, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 4154-4159, 2016.
45. F. Sánchez-Juanes, J. M. Alonso, L. Zancada, and P. Hueso, "Distribution and fatty acid content of phospholipids from bovine milk and bovine milk fat globule membranes, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 273-278, 2009.
46. J. Bitman and D. L. Wood, "Changes in milk fat phospholipids during lactation, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 1208-1216, 1990.
47. L. M. Rodrguez-Alcalá, P. Castro-Gómez, X. Felipe, L. Noriega, and J. Fontecha, "Effect of processing of cow milk by high pressures under conditions up to 900 MPa on the composition of neutral, polar lipids and fatty acids, " LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 265-270, 2015.
48. C. Lopez, V. Briard-Bion, O. Menard, F. Rousseau, P. Pradel, and J.-M. Besle, "Phospholipid, sphingolipid, and fatty acid compositions of the milk fat globule membrane are modified by diet, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 56, no. 13, pp. 5226-5236, 2008.
49. E. Guerra, V. Verardo, and M. F. Caboni, "Determination of bioactive compounds in cream obtained as a by-product during cheese-making: influence of cows' diet on lipid quality, " International Dairy Journal, vol. 42, pp. 16-25, 2015.
50. C. Lopez, V. Briard-Bion, and O. menard, "Polar lipids, sphingomyelin and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids from the milk fat globule membrane are increased in milks produced by cows fed fresh pasture based diet during spring, " Food Research International, vol. 58, pp. 59-68, 2014.
51. Y. Yang, C. Cruickshank, M. Armstrong, S. Mahaffey, R. Reisdorph, and N. Reisdorph, "New sample preparation approach for mass spectrometry-based profiling of plasma results in improved coverage of metabolome, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1300, pp. 217-226, 2013.
52. I. S. ISO-IDF, "Milk and milk products-extraction methods for lipids and liposoluble compounds, " ISO 14156-IDF, 172:2001, 2001.
53. A. Avalli and G. Contarini, "Determination of phospholipids in dairy products by SPE/HPLC/ELSD, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1071, no. 1-2, pp. 185-190, 2005.
54. J. Folch, M. Lees, and G. H. S. Stanley, "A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues, " The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 226, no. 1, pp. 497-509, 1957.
55. E. G. Bligh and W. J. Dyer, "A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, " Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 911-917, 1959.
56. S. J. Iverson, S. L. C. Lang, and M. H. Cooper, "Comparison of the bligh and dyer and folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range ofmarine tissue, " Lipids, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1283-1287, 2001.
57. A. Hara and N. S. Radin, "Lipid extraction of tissues with a lowtoxicity solvent, " Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 420-426, 1978.
58. E. Cequier-Sánchez, C. Rodrguez, Á. G. Ravelo, and R. Zárate, "Dichloromethane as a solvent for lipid extraction and assessment of lipid classes and fatty acids from samples of different natures, " Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 4297-4303, 2008.
59. V. Matyash, G. Liebisch, T. V. Kurzchalia, A. Shevchenko, and D. Schwudke, "Lipid extraction by methyl-terf-butyl ether for high-throughput lipidomics, " Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1137-1146, 2008.
60. K. Christiansen, "Lipid extraction procedure for in vitro studies of glyceride synthesis with labeled fatty acids, " Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 93-99, 1975.
61. L. Kolarovic and N. C. Fournier, "A comparison of extraction methods for the isolation of phospholipids from biological sources, " Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 156, no. 1, pp. 244-250, 1986.
62. A. Reis, A. Rudnitskaya, G. J. Blackburn, N. M. Fauzi, A. R. Pitt, and C. M. Spickett, "A comparison of five lipid extraction solvent systems for lipidomic studies of human LDL, " Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1812-1824, 2013.
63. W. W. Christie, "Solid phase extraction columns in the analysis of lipids, " in Advances in Lipid Methodology, P. J. B. Assoc, Ed., pp. 1-17, The Oily Press, Ayr, UK, 1992.
64. P. R. Gentner, M. Bauer, and I. Dieterich, "Thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids: separation ofmajor phospholipid classes of milk without previous isolation from total lipid extracts, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 206, no. 1, pp. 200-204, 1981.
65. A. MacKenzie, M. Vyssotski, and E. Nekrasov, "Quantitative analysis of dairy phospholipids by 31P NMR, " Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 86, no. 8, pp. 757-763, 2009.
66. L. Wang, Y. Shimizu, S. Kaneko et al., "Comparison of the fatty acid composition of total lipids and phospholipids in breast milk from Japanese women, " Pediatrics International, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 14-20, 2000.
67. M. A. Kaluzny, L. A. Duncan, M. V. Merritt, and D. E. Epps, "Rapid separation of lipid classes in high yield and purity using bonded phase columns, " Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 135-140, 1985.
68. M. N. Vaghela and A. Kilara, "A rapid method for extraction of total lipids from whey protein concentrates and separation of lipid classes with solid phase extraction, " Journal of the AmericanOil Chemists Society, vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 1117-1121, 1995.
69. J. Bitman, L. Wood, N. R. Mehta, P. Hamosh, and M. Hamosh, "Comparison of the phospholipid composition of breast milk from mothers of term and preterm infants during lactation, " American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 1103-1119, 1984.
70. S. Hauff and W. Vetter, "Quantification of branched chain fatty acids in polar and neutral lipids of cheese and fish samples, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 707-712, 2010.
71. S. Gallier, D. Gragson, C. Cabral, R. Jimenez-Flores, and D. W. Everett, "Composition and fatty acid distribution of bovine milk phospholipids from processed milk products, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 19, pp. 10503-10511, 2010.
72. D. Vuckovic, "Current trends and challenges in sample preparation for global metabolomics using liquid chromatographymass spectrometry, "Analytical and BioanalyticalChemistry, vol. 403, no. 6, pp. 1523-1548, 2012.
73. V. Verardo, A. M. Gómez-Caravaca, A. Gori, G. Losi, and M. F. Caboni, "Bioactive lipids in the butter production chain from parmigiano reggiano cheese area, " Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 93, no. 14, pp. 3625-3633, 2013.
74. A. Fauland, M. Trötzmüller, A. Eberl et al., "An improved SPE method for fractionation and identification of phospholipids, " Journal of Separation Science, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 744-751, 2013.
75. J. C. M. Stewart, "Colorimetric determination of phospholipids with ammonium ferrothiocyanate, " Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 10-14, 1980.
76. M. Britten, S. Lamothe, and G. Robitaille, "Effect of cream treatment on phospholipids and protein recovery in buttermaking process, " International Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 651-657, 2008.
77. L. Zancada, F. Sánchez-Juanes, J. M. Alonso, and P. Hueso, "Neutral glycosphingolipid content of ovine milk, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 19-26, 2010.
78. C. Garcia, N. W. Lutz, S. Confort-Gouny, P. J. Cozzone, M. Armand, and M. Bernard, "Phospholipid fingerprints of milk from different mammalians determined by 31P NMR: Towards specific interest in human health, " Food Chemistry, vol. 135, no. 3, pp. 1777-1783, 2012.
79. C. D. Calvano, O. N. Jensen, and C. G. Zambonin, "Selective extraction of phospholipids from dairy products by microsolid phase extraction based on titaniumdioxide microcolumns followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, " Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 394, no. 5, pp. 1453-1461, 2009.
80. C. D. Calvano and C. G. Zambonin, "MALDI-Q-TOF-MS ionization and fragmentation of phospholipids and neutral lipids of dairy interest using variable doping salts, " Advances in Dairy Research, vol. 1, no. 101, p. 2, 2013.
81. J. Walczak, P. Pomastowski, S. Bocian, and B. Buszewski, "Determination of phospholipids in milk using a new phosphodiester stationary phase by liquid chromatography-matrix assisted desorption ionization mass spectrometry, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1432, pp. 39-48, 2016.
82. E. Sokol, T. Ulven, N. J. Faergeman, and C. S. Ejsing, "Comprehensive and quantitative profiling of lipid species in human milk, cow milk and a phospholipid-enriched milk formula by GC and MS/MS, " European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. 751-759, 2015.
83. J.-M. Kim, H.-J. Kim, and J.-M. Park, "Determination of milk fat adulteration with vegetable oils and animal fats by gas chromatographic analysis, " Journal of Food Science, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 1945-1951, 2015.
84. P. Fagan, C. Wijesundera, and P. Watkins, "Determination of mono-and di-acylglycerols in milk lipids, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, pp. 251-259, 2004.
85. R. J. Craven and R. W. Lencki, "Rapid analysis of acylglycerols in low molecular weight milk fat fractions, " Lipids, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 473-482, 2007.
86. M. Vaghela and A. Kilara, "Lipid composition of whey protein concentrates manufactured commercially and in the laboratory, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 1172-1183, 1996.
87. Y. Wang, I. S. Krull, C. Liu, and J. D. Orr, "Derivatization of phospholipids, " Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 793, no. 1, pp. 3-14, 2003.
88. J.-L. Cacas, S. Melser, F. Domergue et al., "Rapid nanoscale quantitative analysis of plant sphingolipid long-chain bases by GC-MS, " Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 403, no. 9, pp. 2745-2755, 2012.
89. N. C. Megoulas and M. A. Koupparis, "Twenty years of evaporative light scattering detection, " Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 301-316, 2005.
90. W. W. Christie, "Rapid separation and quantification of lipid classes by high performance liquid chromatography and mass (light-scattering) detection, " Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 507-512, 1985.
91. R. G. Ramos, D. Libong, M. Rakotomanga, K. Gaudin, P. M. Loiseau, and P. Chaminade, "Comparison between charged aerosol detection and light scattering detection for the analysis of Leishmania membrane phospholipids, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1209, no. 1-2, pp. 88-94, 2008.
92. S. Lambert, N. Leconte, M. Blot et al., "The lipid content and microstructure of industrial whole buttermilk and butter serum affect the efficiency of skimming, " Food Research International, vol. 83, pp. 121-130, 2016.
93. P. Fagan and C. Wijesundera, "Liquid chromatographic analysis of milk phospholipids with on-line pre-concentration, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, pp. 241-249, 2004.
94. R. Rombaut, J. V. Camp, and K. Dewettinck, "Analysis of phospho-and sphingolipids in dairy products by a new HPLC method, " Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 482-488, 2005.
95. T. T. Le, J. Miocinovic, T. M. Nguyen, R. Rombaut, J. Van Camp, and K. Dewettinck, "Improved solvent extraction procedure and high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detector method for analysis of polar lipids from dairy materials, " Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 59, no. 19, pp. 10407-10413, 2011.
96. F. Giuffrida, C. Cruz-Hernandez, B. Flück et al., "Quantification of phospholipids classes in human milk, " Lipids, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1051-1058, 2013.
97. Q. Lin, J. Zhang, W. Pei, C. Zhang, and J. L. Yew, "Determination of phosphatidylserine in milk-based nutritional products using online derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1381, pp. 260-263, 2015.
98. C. Richard, E. D. Lewis, Y.-Y. Zhao et al., "Measurement of the total choline content in 48 commercial dairy products or dairy alternatives, " Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 45, pp. 1-8, 2016.
99. P. Donato, F. Cacciola, F. Cichello, M. Russo, P. Dugo, and L. Mondello, "Determination of phospholipids in milk samples by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to evaporative light scattering and mass spectrometry detection, " Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1218, no. 37, pp. 6476-6482, 2011.
100. M. Russo, F. Cichello, C. Ragonese et al., "Profiling and quantifying polar lipids in milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light-scattering and mass spectrometry detection, " Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 405, no. 13, pp. 4617-4626, 2013.