Current nanotechnology approaches for the treatment and management of diabetic retinopathy

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Volumn 95, Issue , 2015, Pages 307-322

  Fangueiro, Joana F ^a   Silva, Amélia M ^b,c   Garcia, Maria L ^d   Souto, Eliana B ^e  

^a UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TRÁS OS MONTES AND ALTO DOURO   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TRÁS OS MONTES AND ALTO DOURO   (Portugal)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Ocular drug delivery; Retinal neovascularization

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; AFLIBERCEPT; BEVACIZUMAB; CHITOSAN; DENDRIMER; DEXAMETHASONE; ENDOTHELIN 1; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE; GLUCOSE; HYDANTOIN DERIVATIVE; NANOMATERIAL; OCTREOTIDE; PEGAPTANIB; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYAMIDOAMINE; POLYGLACTIN; POLYLACTIC ACID; POLYOL; POLYVINYL ALCOHOL; PROTEIN KINASE C; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; RANIBIZUMAB; RUBOXISTAURIN; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; VASCULOTROPIN; NANOPARTICLE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD RETINA BARRIER; CELL METABOLISM; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA; DIABETIC MICROANGIOPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LASER COAGULATION; LEUKOSTASIS; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; NANOEMULSION; NANOENCAPSULATION; NANOMEDICINE; NANOPHARMACEUTICS; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE THERAPY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PAN RETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERICYTE; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); RETINA CAPILLARY; RETINA ISCHEMIA; RETINA NEOVASCULARIZATION; VITRECTOMY; ANIMAL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DESIGN; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PROCEDURES; QUALITY OF LIFE;

ANIMALS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG DESIGN; HUMANS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE;

EID: 84943814226     PISSN: 09396411     EISSN: 18733441     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.023     Document Type: Article

References (239)

1. S.A. Madsen-Bouterse, and R.A. Kowluru Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 9 2008 315 327
2. T.A. Ciulla, A.G. Amador, and B. Zinman Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: pathophysiology, screening, and novel therapies Diabetes Care 26 2003 2653 2664
3. X.F. Zhu, and H.D. Zou PEDF in diabetic retinopathy: a protective effect of oxidative stress J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2012 2012 580687
4. E.B. Souto, J. Fangueiro, and R. Müller Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN™) I.F. Uchegbu, A.G. Schätzlein, W.P. Cheng, A. Lalatsa, Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience 2013 Springer New York 91 116
5. J.F. Fangueiro, E. Gonzalez-Mira, P. Martins-Lopes, M.A. Egea, M.L. Garcia, S.B. Souto, and E.B. Souto A novel lipid nanocarrier for insulin delivery: production, characterization and toxicity testing Pharm. Dev. Technol. 18 2013 545 549
6. M. Porta, and F. Bandello Diabetic retinopathy A clinical update Diabetologia 45 2002 1617 1634
7. E. Rechtman, A. Harris, H.J. Garzozi, and T.A. Ciulla Pharmacologic therapies for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema Clin. Ophthalmol. 1 2007 383 391
8. C.P. Wilkinson, F.L. Ferris III, R.E. Klein, P.P. Lee, C.D. Agardh, M. Davis, D. Dills, A. Kampik, R. Pararajasegaram, and J.T. Verdaguer Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales Ophthalmology 110 2003 1677 1682
9. J.A. Davidson, T.A. Ciulla, J.B. McGill, K.A. Kles, and P.W. Anderson How the diabetic eye loses vision Endocrine 32 2007 107 116
10. R.E. Anderson, L.M. Rapp, and R.D. Wiegand Lipid peroxidation and retinal degeneration Curr. Eye Res. 3 1984 223 227
11. R.A. Kowluru Diabetic retinopathy: mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal capillary cell death Antioxid. Redox Signal. 7 2005 1581 1587
12. T.N. Crawford, D.V. Alfaro III, J.B. Kerrison, and E.P. Jablon Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis Curr. Diabetes Rev. 5 2009 8 13
13. K. Kalishwaralal, S. Barathmanikanth, S.R. Pandian, V. Deepak, and S. Gurunathan Silver nano - a trove for retinal therapies J. Control. Release 145 2010 76 90
14. E.N. Cetin, Y. Bulgu, S. Ozdemir, S. Topsakal, F. Akin, H. Aybek, and C. Yildirim Association of serum lipid levels with diabetic retinopathy Int. J. Ophthalmol. 6 2013 346 349
15. R. Klein, B.E. Klein, S.E. Moss, and K.J. Cruickshanks The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes Ophthalmology 105 1998 1801 1815
16. R. Klein, B.E. Klein, S.E. Moss, M.D. Davis, and D.L. DeMets Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy J. Am. Med. Assoc. 260 1988 2864 2871
17. S. Vitale, M.G. Maguire, R.P. Murphy, C.J. Hiner, L. Rourke, C. Sackett, and A. Patz Clinically significant macular edema in type I diabetes. Incidence and risk factors Ophthalmology 102 1995 1170 1176
18. T.A. Ciulla, A. Harris, P. Latkany, H.C. Piper, O. Arend, H. Garzozi, and B. Martin Ocular perfusion abnormalities in diabetes Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 80 2002 468 477
19. M. Yanoff Ocular pathology of diabetes mellitus Am. J. Ophthalmol. 67 1969 21 38
20. R. Chibber, B.M. Ben-Mahmud, S. Chibber, and E.M. Kohner Leukocytes in diabetic retinopathy Curr. Diabetes Rev. 3 2007 3 14
21. K. Miyamoto, and Y. Ogura Pathogenetic potential of leukocytes in diabetic retinopathy Semin. Ophthalmol. 14 1999 233 239
22. R.N. Frank Diabetic retinopathy N. Engl. J. Med. 350 2004 48 58
23. P. Carmeliet VEGF gene therapy: stimulating angiogenesis or angioma-genesis? Nat. Med. 6 2000 1102 1103
24. A. Praidou, S. Androudi, P. Brazitikos, G. Karakiulakis, E. Papakonstantinou, and S. Dimitrakos Angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors in diabetic retinopathy Curr. Diabetes Rev. 6 2010 304 312
25. M. Barot, M.R. Gokulgandhi, and A.K. Mitra Mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal diseases Curr. Eye Res. 36 2011 1069 1077
26. M. Al-Shabrawey, M. Elsherbiny, J. Nussbaum, A. Othman, S. Megyerdi, and A. Tawfik Targeting neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy: recent advances Expert Rev. Ophthalmol. 8 2013 267 286
27. L.P. Aiello, S.E. Bursell, A. Clermont, E. Duh, H. Ishii, C. Takagi, F. Mori, T.A. Ciulla, K. Ways, M. Jirousek, L.E. Smith, and G.L. King Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinal permeability is mediated by protein kinase C in vivo and suppressed by an orally effective beta-isoform-selective inhibitor Diabetes 46 1997 1473 1480
28. T.A. Gardiner, H.R. Anderson, and A.W. Stitt Inhibition of advanced glycation end-products protects against retinal capillary basement membrane expansion during long-term diabetes J. Pathol. 201 2003 328 333
29. R.A. Kowluru, L. Atasi, and Y.S. Ho Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in the development of diabetic retinopathy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47 2006 1594 1599
30. R.A. Kowluru, J. Tang, and T.S. Kern Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes and experimental galactosemia. VII. Effect of long-term administration of antioxidants on the development of retinopathy Diabetes 50 2001 1938 1942
31. K. Miwa, J. Nakamura, Y. Hamada, K. Naruse, E. Nakashima, K. Kato, Y. Kasuya, Y. Yasuda, H. Kamiya, and N. Hotta The role of polyol pathway in glucose-induced apoptosis of cultured retinal pericytes Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 60 2003 1 9
32. K. Naruse, J. Nakamura, Y. Hamada, M. Nakayama, S. Chaya, T. Komori, K. Kato, Y. Kasuya, K. Miwa, and N. Hotta Aldose reductase inhibition prevents glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured bovine retinal microvascular pericytes Exp. Eye Res. 71 2000 309 315
33. D. Koya, and G.L. King Protein kinase C activation and the development of diabetic complications Diabetes 47 1998 859 866
34. S. Hoshi, K. Nomoto, J. Kuromitsu, S. Tomari, and M. Nagata High glucose induced VEGF expression via PKC and ERK in glomerular podocytes Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290 2002 177 184
35. T. Yokota, R.C. Ma, J.Y. Park, K. Isshiki, K.B. Sotiropoulos, R.K. Rauniyar, K.E. Bornfeldt, and G.L. King Role of protein kinase C on the expression of platelet-derived growth factor and endothelin-1 in the retina of diabetic rats and cultured retinal capillary pericytes Diabetes 52 2003 838 845
36. E.A. Friedman Advanced glycosylated end products and hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications Diabetes Care 22 Suppl. 2 1999 B65 B71
37. M. Nakamura, A.J. Barber, D.A. Antonetti, K.F. LaNoue, K.A. Robinson, M.G. Buse, and T.W. Gardner Excessive hexosamines block the neuroprotective effect of insulin and induce apoptosis in retinal neurons J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 43748 43755
38. J.F. Fangueiro, T. Andreani, M.A. Egea, M.L. Garcia, S.B. Souto, A.M. Silva, and E.B. Souto Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: development, characterization and cytotoxicity Int. J. Pharm. 461 2014 64 73
39. A.M. Al-Halafi Nanocarriers of nanotechnology in retinal diseases Saudi J. Ophthalmol. 2014
40. U.B. Kompella, A.C. Amrite, R. Pacha Ravi, and S.A. Durazo Nanomedicines for back of the eye drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 36 2013 172 198
41. J. Araujo, M.L. Garcia, M. Mallandrich, E.B. Souto, and A.C. Calpena Release profile and transscleral permeation of triamcinolone acetonide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TA-NLC): in vitro and ex vivo studies Nanomedicine 8 2012 1034 1041
42. J. Araujo, S. Nikolic, M.A. Egea, E.B. Souto, and M.L. Garcia Nanostructured lipid carriers for triamcinolone acetonide delivery to the posterior segment of the eye Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 88 2011 150 157
43. E. Gonzalez-Mira, M.A. Egea, E.B. Souto, A.C. Calpena, and M.L. Garcia Optimizing flurbiprofen-loaded NLC by central composite factorial design for ocular delivery Nanotechnology 22 2011 045101
44. E. Gonzalez-Mira, M.A. Egea, M.L. Garcia, and E.B. Souto Design and ocular tolerance of flurbiprofen loaded ultrasound-engineered NLC Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 81 2010 412 421
45. E.B. Souto, S. Doktorovova, E. Gonzalez-Mira, M.A. Egea, and M.L. Garcia Feasibility of lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs Curr. Eye Res. 35 2010 537 552
46. J. Araujo, E. Gonzalez-Mira, M.A. Egea, M.L. Garcia, and E.B. Souto Optimization and physicochemical characterization of a triamcinolone acetonide-loaded NLC for ocular antiangiogenic applications Int. J. Pharm. 393 2010 167 175
47. S. Svenson, and D.A. Tomalia Dendrimers in biomedical applications - reflections on the field Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64 Suppl. 2012 102 115
48. H. Yang, P. Tyagi, R.S. Kadam, C.A. Holden, and U.B. Kompella Hybrid dendrimer hydrogel/PLGA nanoparticle platform sustains drug delivery for one week and antiglaucoma effects for four days following one-time topical administration ACS Nano 6 2012 7595 7606
49. C.A. Holden, P. Tyagi, A. Thakur, R. Kadam, G. Jadhav, U.B. Kompella, and H. Yang Polyamidoamine dendrimer hydrogel for enhanced delivery of antiglaucoma drugs Nanomedicine 8 2012 776 783
50. C. Solans, P. Izquierdo, J. Nolla, N. Azemar, and M.J. Garcia-Celma Nano-emulsions Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 10 2005 102 110
51. F. Lallemand, P. Daull, S. Benita, R. Buggage, and J.S. Garrigue Successfully improving ocular drug delivery using the cationic nanoemulsion, novasorb J. Drug Deliv. 2012 2012 604204
52. J. Kim, and A. Chauhan Dexamethasone transport and ocular delivery from poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels Int. J. Pharm. 353 2008 205 222
53. Q. Xu, S.P. Kambhampati, and R.M. Kannan Nanotechnology approaches for ocular drug delivery Middle East Afr. J. Ophthalmol. 20 2013 26 37
54. D.M. Nathan The diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: overview Diabetes Care 37 2014 9 16
55. R. Singh, K. Ramasamy, C. Abraham, V. Gupta, and A. Gupta Diabetic retinopathy: an update Indian J. Ophthalmol. 56 2008 178 188
56. J.O. Mason III, C.T. Colagross, and R. Vail Diabetic vitrectomy: risks, prognosis, future trends Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 17 2006 281 285
57. B.M. Doft, S.F. Kelsey, and S.R. Wisniewski Retinal detachment in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study Arch. Ophthalmol. 118 2000 1661 1665
58. S.M. Cohen, H.W. Flynn Jr., T.G. Murray, and W.E. Smiddy Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy. The postvitrectomy endophthalmitis study group Ophthalmology 102 1995 705 712
59. A.R. Bhavsar Diabetic retinopathy: the latest in current management Retina 26 2006 S71 S79
60. J.B. Jonas Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic retinopathy Dev. Ophthalmol. 39 2007 96 110
61. J.B. Jonas, and A. Sofker Intraocular injection of crystalline cortisone as adjunctive treatment of diabetic macular edema Am. J. Ophthalmol. 132 2001 425 427
62. R. Machemer, G. Sugita, and Y. Tano Treatment of intraocular proliferations with intravitreal steroids Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 77 1979 171 180
63. J.B. Jonas, I. Kreissig, P. Hugger, G. Sauder, S. Panda-Jonas, and R. Degenring Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for exudative age related macular degeneration Br. J. Ophthalmol. 87 2003 462 468
64. P.L. Penfold, J.F. Gyory, A.B. Hunyor, and F.A. Billson Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone. A pilot study Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. 23 1995 293 298
65. R.P. Danis, T.A. Ciulla, L.M. Pratt, and W. Anliker Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in exudative age-related macular degeneration Retina 20 2000 244 250
66. N.M. Bressler, A.R. Edwards, R.W. Beck, C.J. Flaxel, A.R. Glassman, M.S. Ip, C. Kollman, B.D. Kuppermann, and T.W. Stone Exploratory analysis of diabetic retinopathy progression through 3 years in a randomized clinical trial that compares intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide with focal/grid photocoagulation Arch. Ophthalmol. 127 2009 1566 1571
67. M.C. Gillies, F.K. Sutter, J.M. Simpson, J. Larsson, H. Ali, and M. Zhu Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema: two-year results of a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial Ophthalmology 113 2006 1533 1538
68. M.R. Robinson, S.S. Lee, H. Kim, S. Kim, R.J. Lutz, C. Galban, P.M. Bungay, P. Yuan, N.S. Wang, J. Kim, and K.G. Csaky A rabbit model for assessing the ocular barriers to the transscleral delivery of triamcinolone acetonide Exp. Eye Res. 82 2006 479 487
69. R.S. Kadam, P. Tyagi, H.F. Edelhauser, and U.B. Kompella Influence of choroidal neovascularization and biodegradable polymeric particle size on transscleral sustained delivery of triamcinolone acetonide Int. J. Pharm. 434 2012 140 147
70. W.-L.L. Suen, and Y. Chau Specific uptake of folate-decorated triamcinolone-encapsulating nanoparticles by retinal pigment epithelium cells enhances and prolongs antiangiogenic activity J. Control. Release 167 2013 21 28
71. K. Phillips, and H.R. Katz A Comparison of the efficacy of dexamethasone and loteprednol on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rodents following topical ocular administration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 2005 983
72. A. Goldfien Adrenocorticosteroids and adrenocortical antagonists B.G. Katzung, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 1995 Prentice Hall International London 592 607
73. B.D. Kuppermann, M.S. Blumenkranz, J.A. Haller, G.A. Williams, D.V. Weinberg, C. Chou, and S.M. Whitcup Randomized controlled study of an intravitreous dexamethasone drug delivery system in patients with persistent macular edema Arch. Ophthalmol. 125 2007 309 317
74. OZURDEX®, OZURDEX®, 2014. < www.ozurdex.com >.
75. R. Herrero-Vanrell, J.A. Cardillo, and B.D. Kuppermann Clinical applications of the sustained-release dexamethasone implant for treatment of macular edema Clin. Ophthalmol. 5 2011 139 146
76. C. Gómez-Gaete, N. Tsapis, M. Besnard, A. Bochot, and E. Fattal Encapsulation of dexamethasone into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles Int. J. Pharm. 331 2007 153 159
77. G.R. da Silva, A. da Silva-Cunha Jr, F. Behar-Cohen, E. Ayres, and R.L. Oréfice Biodegradable polyurethane nanocomposites containing dexamethasone for ocular route Mater. Sci. Eng., C 31 2011 414 422
78. P.A. Campochiaro, D.M. Brown, A. Pearson, T. Ciulla, D. Boyer, F.G. Holz, M. Tolentino, A. Gupta, L. Duarte, S. Madreperla, J. Gonder, B. Kapik, K. Billman, and F.E. Kane Long-term benefit of sustained-delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous inserts for diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 118 2011 626 635 e622
79. B.a. Lomb, Retisert [package insert], Rochester, NY, 2009. < http://www.retisert.com/retisert-implant.html >.
80. J.Y. Driot, G.D. Novack, K.D. Rittenhouse, C. Milazzo, and P.A. Pearson Ocular pharmacokinetics of fluocinolone acetonide after Retisert intravitreal implantation in rabbits over a 1-year period J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 20 2004 269 275
81. G.J. Jaffe, D. Martin, D. Callanan, P.A. Pearson, B. Levy, and T. Comstock Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for noninfectious posterior uveitis: thirty-four-week results of a multicenter randomized clinical study Ophthalmology 113 2006 1020 1027
82. G.J. Jaffe, C.H. Yang, H. Guo, J.P. Denny, C. Lima, and P. Ashton Safety and pharmacokinetics of an intraocular fluocinolone acetonide sustained delivery device Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 2000 3569 3575
83. P.A. Pearson, T.L. Comstock, M. Ip, D. Callanan, L.S. Morse, P. Ashton, B. Levy, E.S. Mann, and D. Eliott Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for diabetic macular edema: a 3-year multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial Ophthalmology 118 2011 1580 1587
84. M. Sanford Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (Iluvien®) Drugs 73 2013 187 193
85. A. Haesslein, H. Ueda, M.C. Hacker, S. Jo, D.M. Ammon, R.N. Borazjani, J.F. Kunzler, J.C. Salamone, and A.G. Mikos Long-term release of fluocinolone acetonide using biodegradable fumarate-based polymers J. Control. Release 114 2006 251 260
86. N. Jain, S.S. Stinnett, and G.J. Jaffe Prospective study of a fluocinolone acetonide implant for chronic macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion: thirty-six-month results Ophthalmology 119 2012 132 137
87. J.W. Miller, A.P. Adamis, and L.P. Aiello Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular neovascularization and proliferative diabetic retinopathy Diabetes Metab. Rev. 13 1997 37 50
88. L.P. Aiello, R.L. Avery, P.G. Arrigg, B.A. Keyt, H.D. Jampel, S.T. Shah, L.R. Pasquale, H. Thieme, M.A. Iwamoto, J.E. Park, and et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders N. Engl. J. Med. 331 1994 1480 1487
89. A.M. Abu El-Asrar, and H.S. Al-Mezaine Advances in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy Saudi J. Ophthalmol. 25 2011 113 122
90. J.O. Mason III, P.A. Nixon, and M.F. White Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) as adjunctive treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy Am. J. Ophthalmol. 142 2006 685 688
91. R.N. Khurana, D.V. Do, and Q.D. Nguyen Anti-VEGF therapeutic approaches for diabetic macular edema Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. 49 2009 109 119
92. W. Abdallah, and A.A. Fawzi Anti-VEGF therapy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. 49 2009 95 107
93. L. Wu, J.F. Arevalo, M.H. Berrocal, M. Maia, J.A. Roca, V. Morales-Canton, A.A. Alezzandrini, and M.J. Diaz-Llopis Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab as primary treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusions: results of the Pan American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 24 months Retina 29 2009 1396 1403
94. X. Fang, H. Sakaguchi, F. Gomi, Y. Oshima, M. Sawa, M. Tsujikawa, Y. Ikuno, M. Kamei, S. Kusaka, and Y. Tano Efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in diabetic macular oedema Acta Ophthalmol. 86 2008 800 805
95. D.S. Lam, T.Y. Lai, V.Y. Lee, C.K. Chan, D.T. Liu, S. Mohamed, and C.L. Li Efficacy of 1.25 MG versus 2.5 MG intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema: six-month results of a randomized controlled trial Retina 29 2009 292 299
96. M.I. Roh, S.H. Byeon, and O.W. Kwon Repeated intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for clinically significant diabetic macular edema Retina 28 2008 1314 1318
97. K.A. Solaiman, M.M. Diab, and S.A. Dabour Repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injection with and without macular grid photocoagulation for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema Retina 33 2013 1623 1629
98. R. Jorge, R.A. Costa, D. Calucci, L.P. Cintra, and I.U. Scott Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for persistent new vessels in diabetic retinopathy (IBEPE study) Retina 26 2006 1006 1013
99. L.P. Cintra, R.A. Costa, J.A. Ribeiro, D. Calucci, I.U. Scott, A. Messias, and R. Jorge Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for persistent new vessels in diabetic retinopathy (IBEPE study): 1-year results Retina 33 2013 1109 1116
100. R. Varshochian, M. Jeddi-Tehrani, A.R. Mahmoudi, M.R. Khoshayand, F. Atyabi, A. Sabzevari, M.R. Esfahani, and R. Dinarvand The protective effect of albumin on bevacizumab activity and stability in PLGA nanoparticles intended for retinal and choroidal neovascularization treatments Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 50 2013 341 352
101. H. Bysell, R. Mansson, P. Hansson, and M. Malmsten Microgels and microcapsules in peptide and protein drug delivery Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63 2011 1172 1185
102. F. Danhier, E. Ansorena, J.M. Silva, R. Coco, A. Le Breton, and V. Preat PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications J. Control. Release 161 2012 505 522
103. F. Li, B. Hurley, Y. Liu, B. Leonard, and M. Griffith Controlled release of bevacizumab through nanospheres for extended treatment of age-related macular degeneration Open Ophthalmol. J. 6 2012 54 58
104. Y. Lu, N. Zhou, X. Huang, J.-W. Cheng, F.-Q. Li, R.-L. Wei, and J.-P. Cai Effect of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab-chitosan nanoparticles on retina of diabetic rats Int. J. Ophthalmol. 7 2014 1 7
105. M.S. Ip, A. Domalpally, J.J. Hopkins, P. Wong, and J.S. Ehrlich Long-term effects of ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy severity and progression Arch. Ophthalmol. 130 2012 1145 1152
106. M.D.R.S. Group Changes in retinal neovascularization after pegaptanib (Macugen) therapy in diabetic individuals Ophthalmology 113 2006 23 28
107. G. Querques, A.V. Bux, D. Martinelli, C. Iaculli, and N.D. Noci Intravitreal pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) for diabetic macular oedema Acta Ophthalmol. 87 2009 623 630
108. M.D.R.S. Group A phase II randomized double-masked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 112 2005 1747 1757
109. V.H. Gonzalez, G.P. Giuliari, R.M. Banda, and D.A. Guel Intravitreal injection of pegaptanib sodium for proliferative diabetic retinopathy Br. J. Ophthalmol. 93 2009 1474 1478
110. A. Moradi, Y.J. Sepah, M.A. Sadiq, H. Nasir, S. Kherani, R. Sophie, D.V. Do, and Q.D. Nguyen Vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye (Aflibercept) for the management of diabetic macular edema World J. Diabetes 4 2013 303 309
111. W.K. Yung Moving toward the next steps in angiogenesis therapy? Neuro Oncol. 10 2008 939
112. D.V. Do, Q.D. Nguyen, D. Boyer, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, D.M. Brown, R. Vitti, A.J. Berliner, B. Gao, O. Zeitz, R. Ruckert, T. Schmelter, R. Sandbrink, and J.S. Heier One-year outcomes of the da Vinci Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 119 2012 1658 1665
113. D.V. Do, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, V.H. Gonzalez, C.M. Gordon, M. Tolentino, A.J. Berliner, R. Vitti, R. Ruckert, R. Sandbrink, D. Stein, K. Yang, K. Beckmann, and J.S. Heier The DA VINCI Study: phase 2 primary results of VEGF Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 118 2011 1819 1826
114. M. Porta, and A. Allione Current approaches and perspectives in the medical treatment of diabetic retinopathy Pharmacol. Ther. 103 2004 167 177
115. L.P. Aiello, M.D. Davis, A. Girach, K.A. Kles, R.C. Milton, M.J. Sheetz, L. Vignati, and X.E. Zhi Effect of ruboxistaurin on visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy Ophthalmology 113 2006 2221 2230
116. L.P. Aiello, L. Vignati, M.J. Sheetz, X. Zhi, A. Girach, M.D. Davis, A.M. Wolka, N. Shahri, and R.C. Milton Oral protein kinase c beta inhibition using ruboxistaurin: efficacy, safety, and causes of vision loss among 813 patients (1392 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy in the Protein Kinase C beta Inhibitor-Diabetic Retinopathy Study and the Protein Kinase C beta Inhibitor-Diabetic Retinopathy Study 2 Retina 31 2011 2084 2094
117. PKC-DRS2 Group, L.P. Aiello, M.D. Davis, A. Girach, K.A. Kles, R.C. Milton, M.J. Sheetz, L. Vignati, and X.E. Zhi The effect of ruboxistaurin on visual loss in patients with moderately severe to very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: initial results of the Protein Kinase C beta Inhibitor Diabetic Retinopathy Study (PKC-DRS) multicenter randomized clinical trial Diabetes 54 2005 2188 2197
118. M.J. Sheetz, L.P. Aiello, M.D. Davis, R. Danis, T. Bek, J. Cunha-Vaz, N. Shahri, and P.H. Berg The effect of the oral PKC beta inhibitor ruboxistaurin on vision loss in two phase 3 studies Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54 2013 1750 1757
119. P.-D.S. Group Effect of ruboxistaurin in patients with diabetic macular edema: thirty-month results of the randomized PKC-DMES clinical trial Arch. Ophthalmol. 125 2007 318 324
120. H. Ishii, M.R. Jirousek, D. Koya, C. Takagi, P. Xia, A. Clermont, S.E. Bursell, T.S. Kern, L.M. Ballas, W.F. Heath, L.E. Stramm, E.P. Feener, and G.L. King Amelioration of vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats by an oral PKC beta inhibitor Science 272 1996 728 731
121. R.P. Danis, D.P. Bingaman, M. Jirousek, and Y. Yang Inhibition of intraocular neovascularization caused by retinal ischemia in pigs by PKCbeta inhibition with LY333531 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39 1998 171 179
122. J.E. Poulsen Recovery from retinopathy in a case of diabetes with Simmonds' disease Diabetes 2 1953 7 12
123. M.B. Grant, and S. Caballero Jr. The potential role of octreotide in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy Treat. Endocrinol. 4 2005 199 203
124. E. Chantelau, and J. Frystyk Progression of diabetic retinopathy during improved metabolic control may be treated with reduced insulin dosage and/or somatostatin analogue administration - a case report Growth Horm. IGF Res. 15 2005 130 135
125. M. Dal Monte, C. Ristori, M. Cammalleri, and P. Bagnoli Effects of somatostatin analogues on retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy: involvement of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50 2009 3596 3606
126. C. Kirkegaard, K. Norgaard, O. Snorgaard, T. Bek, M. Larsen, and H. Lund-Andersen Effect of one year continuous subcutaneous infusion of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide, on early retinopathy, metabolic control and thyroid function in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 122 1990 766 772
127. M.B. Grant, R.N. Mames, C. Fitzgerald, K.M. Hazariwala, R. Cooper-DeHoff, S. Caballero, and K.S. Estes The efficacy of octreotide in the therapy of severe nonproliferative and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized controlled study Diabetes Care 23 2000 504 509
128. B.O. Boehm, and R.H. Lustig Use of somatostatin receptor ligands in obesity and diabetic complications Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 16 2002 493 509
129. S.S. Palii, A. Afzal, L.C. Shaw, H. Pan, S. Caballero, R.C. Miller, S. Jurczyk, J.-C. Reubi, Y. Tan, G. Hochhaus, H. Edelhauser, D. Geroski, G. Shapiro, and M.B. Grant Nonpeptide somatostatin receptor agonists specifically target ocular neovascularization via the somatostatin Type 2 receptor Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49 2008 5094 5102
130. P.P. Surujpaul, C. Gutiérrez-Wing, B. Ocampo-García, F. de M. Ramírez, C. Arteaga de Murphy, M. Pedraza-López, M.A. Camacho-López, and G. Ferro-Flores Gold nanoparticles conjugated to [Tyr3]Octreotide peptide Biophys. Chem. 138 2008 83 90
131. A. Accardo, A. Morisco, E. Gianolio, D. Tesauro, G. Mangiapia, A. Radulescu, A. Brandt, and G. Morelli Nanoparticles containing octreotide peptides and gadolinium complexes for MRI applications J. Pept. Sci. 17 2011 154 162
132. N. Dubey, R. Varshney, J. Shukla, A. Ganeshpurkar, P.P. Hazari, G.P. Bandopadhaya, A.K. Mishra, and P. Trivedi Synthesis and evaluation of biodegradable PCL/PEG nanoparticles for neuroendocrine tumor targeted delivery of somatostatin analog Drug Deliv. 19 2012 132 142
133. J. Niu, Z. Su, Y. Xiao, A. Huang, H. Li, X. Bao, S. Li, Y. Chen, M. Sun, and Q. Ping Octreotide-modified and pH-triggering polymeric micelles loaded with doxorubicin for tumor targeting delivery Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 45 2012 216 226
134. M. Huo, A. Zou, C. Yao, Y. Zhang, J. Zhou, J. Wang, Q. Zhu, J. Li, and Q. Zhang Somatostatin receptor-mediated tumor-targeting drug delivery using octreotide-PEG-deoxycholic acid conjugate-modified N-deoxycholic acid-O, N-hydroxyethylation chitosan micelles Biomaterials 33 2012 6393 6407
135. Y. Hong, H. Zhu, J. Hu, X. Lin, F. Wang, C. Li, and Z. Yang Synthesis and radiolabeling of 111In-core-cross linked polymeric micelle-octreotide for near-infrared fluoroscopy and single photon emission computed tomography imaging Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 24 2014 2781 2785
136. F.A. Dorkoosh, J. Coos Verhoef, M.H.C. Ambagts, M. Rafiee-Tehrani, G. Borchard, and H.E. Junginger Peroral delivery systems based on superporous hydrogel polymers: release characteristics for the peptide drugs buserelin, octreotide and insulin Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 15 2002 433 439
137. J. Wang, B.M. Wang, and S.P. Schwendeman Mechanistic evaluation of the glucose-induced reduction in initial burst release of octreotide acetate from poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres Biomaterials 25 2004 1919 1927
138. Z. Su, Y. Shi, Y. Xiao, M. Sun, Q. Ping, L. Zong, S. Li, J. Niu, A. Huang, W. You, Y. Chen, X. Chen, J. Fei, and J. Tian Effect of octreotide surface density on receptor-mediated endocytosis in vitro and anticancer efficacy of modified nanocarrier in vivo after optimization Int. J. Pharm. 447 2013 281 292
139. C. Damge, J. Vonderscher, P. Marbach, and M. Pinget Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules as a delivery system in the rat for octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49 1997 949 954
140. A. Helbok, C. Rangger, E. von Guggenberg, M. Saba-Lepek, T. Radolf, G. Thurner, F. Andreae, R. Prassl, and C. Decristoforo Targeting properties of peptide-modified radiolabeled liposomal nanoparticles Nanomed.: Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 8 2012 112 118
141. M. Brownlee, H. Vlassara, and A. Cerami Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications Ann. Intern. Med. 101 1984 527 537
142. H.P. Hammes, S. Martin, K. Federlin, K. Geisen, and M. Brownlee Aminoguanidine treatment inhibits the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 1991 11555 11558
143. D. Luo, Y. Fan, and X. Xu The effects of aminoguanidine on retinopathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22 2012 4386 4390
144. T.S. Kern, J. Tang, M. Mizutani, R.A. Kowluru, R.H. Nagaraj, G. Romeo, F. Podesta, and M. Lorenzi Response of capillary cell death to aminoguanidine predicts the development of retinopathy: comparison of diabetes and galactosemia Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 2000 3972 3978
145. H.P. Hammes, M. Brownlee, D. Edelstein, M. Saleck, S. Martin, and K. Federlin Aminoguanidine inhibits the development of accelerated diabetic retinopathy in the spontaneous hypertensive rat Diabetologia 37 1994 32 35
146. T.S. Kern, and R.L. Engerman Pharmacological inhibition of diabetic retinopathy: aminoguanidine and aspirin Diabetes 50 2001 1636 1642
147. F. Pfister, E. Riedl, Q. Wang, F. vom Hagen, M. Deinzer, M.C. Harmsen, G. Molema, B. Yard, Y. Feng, and H.P. Hammes Oral carnosine supplementation prevents vascular damage in experimental diabetic retinopathy Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 28 2011 125 136
148. F. Bellia, V. Oliveri, E. Rizzarelli, and G. Vecchio New derivative of carnosine for nanoparticle assemblies Eur. J. Med. Chem. 70 2013 225 232
149. D.-P. Li, Y.-R. Zhang, X.-X. Zhao, and B.-X. Zhao Magnetic nanoparticles coated by aminoguanidine for selective adsorption of acid dyes from aqueous solution Chem. Eng. J. 232 2013 425 433
150. Z. Durmus, H. Kavas, A. Baykal, H. Sozeri, L. Alpsoy, S.Ü. Çelik, and M.S. Toprak Synthesis and characterization of l-carnosine coated iron oxide nanoparticles J. Alloy. Compd. 509 2011 2555 2561
151. S. Thomas, N. Biswas, V.V. Malkar, T. Mukherjee, and S. Kapoor Studies on adsorption of carnosine on silver nanoparticles by SERS Chem. Phys. Lett. 491 2010 59 64
152. S. Singha, J. Bhattacharya, H. Datta, and A.K. Dasgupta Anti-glycation activity of gold nanoparticles Nanomed.: Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 5 2009 21 29
153. J. Yang, L. Cai, S. Zhang, X. Zhu, P. Zhou, and Y. Lu Silica-based cerium (III) chloride nanoparticles prevent the fructose-induced glycation of alpha-crystallin and H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells Arch. Pharm. Res. 37 2014 404 411
154. R.A. Kowluru, and P.S. Chan Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy Exp. Diabetes Res. 2007 2007 43603
155. J.S. Johansen, A.K. Harris, D.J. Rychly, and A. Ergul Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 4 2005 5
156. C.D. Anuradha, S. Kanno, and S. Hirano Oxidative damage to mitochondria is a preliminary step to caspase-3 activation in fluoride-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells Free Radic. Biol. Med. 31 2001 367 373
157. I.G. Obrosova, L. Fathallah, and D.A. Greene Early changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense in diabetic rat retina: effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid Eur. J. Pharmacol. 398 2000 139 146
158. H.Y. Huang, L.J. Appel, K.D. Croft, E.R. Miller III, T.A. Mori, and I.B. Puddey Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on in vivo lipid peroxidation: results of a randomized controlled trial Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76 2002 549 555
159. M. Kunisaki, S.E. Bursell, A.C. Clermont, H. Ishii, L.M. Ballas, M.R. Jirousek, F. Umeda, H. Nawata, and G.L. King Vitamin E prevents diabetes-induced abnormal retinal blood flow via the diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathway Am. J. Physiol. 269 1995 E239 E246
160. S.E. Bursell, A.C. Clermont, L.P. Aiello, L.M. Aiello, D.K. Schlossman, E.P. Feener, L. Laffel, and G.L. King High-dose vitamin E supplementation normalizes retinal blood flow and creatinine clearance in patients with type 1 diabetes Diabetes Care 22 1999 1245 1251
161. A. Pintea, D. Rugina, R. Pop, A. Bunea, C. Socaciu, and H.A. Diehl Antioxidant effect of trans-resveratrol in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 2011 315 321
162. S.J. Sheu, N.C. Liu, and J.L. Chen Resveratrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from acrolein-induced damage J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 26 2010 231 236
163. M. Kunisaki, S.E. Bursell, F. Umeda, H. Nawata, and G.L. King Prevention of diabetes-induced abnormal retinal blood flow by treatment with d-alpha-tocopherol BioFactors 7 1998 55 67
164. E.J. Mayer-Davis, R.A. Bell, B.A. Reboussin, J. Rushing, J.A. Marshall, and R.F. Hamman Antioxidant nutrient intake and diabetic retinopathy: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study Ophthalmology 105 1998 2264 2270
165. C. Haritoglou, J. Gerss, H.P. Hammes, A. Kampik, and M.W. Ulbig Alpha-lipoic acid for the prevention of diabetic macular edema Ophthalmologica 226 2011 127 137
166. A.E. Millen, M. Gruber, R. Klein, B.E. Klein, M. Palta, and J.A. Mares Relations of serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to diabetic retinopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Am. J. Epidemiol. 158 2003 225 233
167. Y. Wu, L. Tang, and B. Chen Oxidative stress: implications for the development of diabetic retinopathy and antioxidant therapeutic perspectives Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2014 2014 752387
168. E.B. Souto, P. Severino, R. Basso, and M.H. Santana Encapsulation of antioxidants in gastrointestinal-resistant nanoparticulate carriers Methods Mol. Biol. 1028 2013 37 46
169. E. Jiménez-Fernández, A. Ruyra, N. Roher, E. Zuasti, C. Infante, and C. Fernández-Díaz Nanoparticles as a novel delivery system for vitamin C administration in aquaculture Aquaculture 432 2014 426 433
170. E. Esposito, F. Cervellati, E. Menegatti, C. Nastruzzi, and R. Cortesi Spray dried Eudragit microparticles as encapsulation devices for vitamin C Int. J. Pharm. 242 2002 329 334
171. K.G.H. Desai, and H.J. Park Encapsulation of vitamin C in tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan microspheres by spray drying J. Microencapsul. 22 2005 179 192
172. A. Alishahi, A. Mirvaghefi, M.R. Tehrani, H. Farahmand, S.A. Shojaosadati, F.A. Dorkoosh, and M.Z. Elsabee Shelf life and delivery enhancement of vitamin C using chitosan nanoparticles Food Chem. 126 2011 935 940
173. L. Wechtersbach, N. Poklar Ulrih, and B. Cigić Liposomal stabilization of ascorbic acid in model systems and in food matrices LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 45 2012 43 49
174. W. Zhou, W. Liu, L. Zou, W. Liu, C. Liu, R. Liang, and J. Chen Storage stability and skin permeation of vitamin C liposomes improved by pectin coating Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 117 2014 330 337
175. G. Guney, H.M. Kutlu, and L. Genc Preparation and characterization of ascorbic acid loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and investigation of their apoptotic effects Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 121 2014 270 280
176. V. Teeranachaideekul, R.H. Muller, and V.B. Junyaprasert Encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-effects of formulation parameters on physicochemical stability Int. J. Pharm. 340 2007 198 206
177. T.A. Comunian, A. Abbaspourrad, C.S. Favaro-Trindade, and D.A. Weitz Fabrication of solid lipid microcapsules containing ascorbic acid using a microfluidic technique Food Chem. 152 2014 271 275
178. S. Ghosh, S.C. Bhattacharya, and A. Saha Probing of ascorbic acid by CdS/dendrimer nanocomposites: a spectroscopic investigation Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 397 2010 1573 1582
179. M. Marsanasco, A.L. Márquez, J.R. Wagner, S.del V. Alonso, and N.S. Chiaramoni Liposomes as vehicles for vitamins E and C: an alternative to fortify orange juice and offer vitamin C protection after heat treatment Food Res. Int. 44 2011 3039 3046
180. Z. Zhang, and S.S. Feng Nanoparticles of poly(lactide)/vitamin E TPGS copolymer for cancer chemotherapy: synthesis, formulation, characterization and in vitro drug release Biomaterials 27 2006 262 270
181. J.P. Anais, N. Razzouq, M. Carvalho, C. Fernandez, A. Astier, M. Paul, A. Astier, H. Fessi, and A.M. Lorino Development of alpha-tocopherol acetate nanoparticles: influence of preparative processes Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 35 2009 216 223
182. Y. Byun, J.B. Hwang, S.H. Bang, D. Darby, K. Cooksey, P.L. Dawson, H.J. Park, and S. Whiteside Formulation and characterization of α-tocopherol loaded poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 44 2011 24 28
183. Y. Luo, B. Zhang, M. Whent, L. Yu, and Q. Wang Preparation and characterization of zein/chitosan complex for encapsulation of α-tocopherol, and its in vitro controlled release study Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 85 2011 145 152
184. A. Murugeshu, C. Astete, C. Leonardi, T. Morgan, and C.M. Sabliov Chitosan/PLGA particles for controlled release of alpha-tocopherol in the GI tract via oral administration Nanomedicine (Lond.) 6 2011 1513 1528
185. A. Laouini, H. Fessi, and C. Charcosset Membrane emulsification: a promising alternative for vitamin E encapsulation within nano-emulsion J. Membr. Sci. 423-424 2012 85 96
186. J. Hatanaka, H. Chikamori, H. Sato, S. Uchida, K. Debari, S. Onoue, and S. Yamada Physicochemical and pharmacological characterization of alpha-tocopherol-loaded nano-emulsion system Int. J. Pharm. 396 2010 188 193
187. J.F. Fangueiro, A.S. Macedo, S. Jose, M.L. Garcia, S.B. Souto, and E.B. Souto Thermodynamic behavior of lipid nanoparticles upon delivery of Vitamin E derivatives into the skin: in vitro studies J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 108 2012 275 282
188. S.M. de Carvalho, C.M. Noronha, C.L. Floriani, R.C. Lino, G. Rocha, I.C. Bellettini, P.J. Ogliari, and P.L.M. Barreto Optimization of α-tocopherol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles by central composite design Ind. Crops Prod. 49 2013 278 285
189. N. Khayata, W. Abdelwahed, M.F. Chehna, C. Charcosset, and H. Fessi Preparation of vitamin E loaded nanocapsules by the nanoprecipitation method: From laboratory scale to large scale using a membrane contactor Int. J. Pharm. 423 2012 419 427
190. K. Vanaja, M.A. Wahl, L. Bukarica, and H. Heinle Liposomes as carriers of the lipid soluble antioxidant resveratrol: evaluation of amelioration of oxidative stress by additional antioxidant vitamin Life Sci. 93 2013 917 923
191. G. da Rocha Lindner, N.M. Khalil, and R.M. Mainardes Resveratrol-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: validation of an HPLC-PDA method to determine the drug entrapment and evaluation of its antioxidant activity Sci. World J. 2013 9
192. X. Lu, C. Ji, H. Xu, X. Li, H. Ding, M. Ye, Z. Zhu, D. Ding, X. Jiang, X. Ding, and X. Guo Resveratrol-loaded polymeric micelles protect cells from Aβ-induced oxidative stress Int. J. Pharm. 375 2009 89 96
193. J. Shao, X. Li, X. Lu, C. Jiang, Y. Hu, Q. Li, Y. You, and Z. Fu Enhanced growth inhibition effect of Resveratrol incorporated into biodegradable nanoparticles against glioma cells is mediated by the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 72 2009 40 47
194. A.R. Neves, M. Lucio, S. Martins, J.L. Lima, and S. Reis Novel resveratrol nanodelivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles to enhance its oral bioavailability Int. J. Nanomed. 8 2013 177 187
195. E.H. Gokce, E. Korkmaz, E. Dellera, G. Sandri, M.C. Bonferoni, and O. Ozer Resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles versus nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluation of antioxidant potential for dermal applications Int. J. Nanomed. 7 2012 1841 1850
196. S. Jose, S.S. Anju, T.A. Cinu, N.A. Aleykutty, S. Thomas, and E.B. Souto In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery Int. J. Pharm. 474 2014 6 13
197. D. Pandita, S. Kumar, N. Poonia, and V. Lather Solid lipid nanoparticles enhance oral bioavailability of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol Food Res. Int. 62 2014 1165 1174
198. S. Karthikeyan, N. Rajendra Prasad, A. Ganamani, and E. Balamurugan Anticancer activity of resveratrol-loaded gelatin nanoparticles on NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells Biomed. Prevent. Nutr. 3 2013 64 73
199. M. Sessa, M.L. Balestrieri, G. Ferrari, L. Servillo, D. Castaldo, N. D'Onofrio, F. Donsi, and R. Tsao Bioavailability of encapsulated resveratrol into nanoemulsion-based delivery systems Food Chem. 147 2014 42 50
200. G. Davidov-Pardo, and D.J. McClements Nutraceutical delivery systems: resveratrol encapsulation in grape seed oil nanoemulsions formed by spontaneous emulsification Food Chem. 167 2015 205 212
201. A. Amri, S. Le Clanche, P. Thérond, D. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D. Borderie, R. Lai-Kuen, J.-C. Chaumeil, S. Sfar, and C. Charrueau Resveratrol self-emulsifying system increases the uptake by endothelial cells and improves protection against oxidative stress-mediated death Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 86 2014 418 426
202. S. Pund, R. Thakur, U. More, and A. Joshi Lipid based nanoemulsifying resveratrol for improved physicochemical characteristics, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antiangiogenic efficacy Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 120 2014 110 117
203. U. Ruktanonchai, P. Bejrapha, U. Sakulkhu, P. Opanasopit, N. Bunyapraphatsara, V. Junyaprasert, and S. Puttipipatkhachorn Physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of three lipid nanoparticulate formulations of alpha-lipoic acid AAPS PharmSciTech 10 2009 227 234
204. E.B. Souto, R.H. Muller, and S. Gohla A novel approach based on lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for topical delivery of alpha-lipoic acid J. Microencapsul. 22 2005 581 592
205. C.H. Park, K.U. Lee, J.Y. Park, E.H. Koh, H.S. Kim, and J. Lee Lipoic acid nanoparticles: effect of polymeric stabilizer on appetite suppression Pharmazie 65 2010 580 584
206. H. Nishiura, K. Sugimoto, K. Akiyama, M. Musashi, Y. Kubota, T. Yokoyama, Y. Yamashita, K. Takashi, and Y. Yamaguchi A novel nano-capsule of α-lipoic acid as a template of core-shell structure constructed by self-assembly J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 4 2013 1 7
207. Y. Wang, Z. Lu, H. Wu, and F. Lv Study on the antibiotic activity of microcapsule curcumin against foodborne pathogens Int. J. Food Microbiol. 136 2009 71 74
208. A. Zanotto-Filho, K. Coradini, E. Braganhol, R. Schröder, C.M. de Oliveira, A. Simões-Pires, A.M.O. Battastini, A.R. Pohlmann, S.S. Guterres, C.M. Forcelini, R.C.R. Beck, and J.C.F. Moreira Curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules as a strategy to improve pharmacological efficacy of curcumin in glioma treatment Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 83 2013 156 167
209. Y. Chen, Q. Wu, Z. Zhang, L. Yuan, X. Liu, and L. Zhou Preparation of curcumin-loaded liposomes and evaluation of their skin permeation and pharmacodynamics Molecules 17 2012 5972 5987
210. L. Li, F.S. Braiteh, and R. Kurzrock Liposome-encapsulated curcumin: in vitro and in vivo effects on proliferation, apoptosis, signaling, and angiogenesis Cancer 104 2005 1322 1331
211. A.P. Ranjan, A. Mukerjee, L. Helson, R. Gupta, and J.K. Vishwanatha Efficacy of liposomal curcumin in a human pancreatic tumor xenograft model: inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis Anticancer Res. 33 2013 3603 3609
212. S. Bisht, G. Feldmann, S. Soni, R. Ravi, C. Karikar, A. Maitra, and A. Maitra Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin ("nanocurcumin"): a novel strategy for human cancer therapy J. Nanobiotechnol. 5 2007 3
213. N. Sanoj Rejinold, M. Muthunarayanan, V.V. Divyarani, P.R. Sreerekha, K.P. Chennazhi, S.V. Nair, H. Tamura, and R. Jayakumar Curcumin-loaded biocompatible thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery J. Colloid Interface Sci. 360 2011 39 51
214. M.M. Yallapu, B.K. Gupta, M. Jaggi, and S.C. Chauhan Fabrication of curcumin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects in metastatic cancer cells J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 351 2010 19 29
215. H. Rachmawati, D.K. Budiputra, and R. Mauludin Curcumin nanoemulsion for transdermal application: formulation and evaluation Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2014
216. S. Anuchapreeda, Y. Fukumori, S. Okonogi, and H. Ichikawa Preparation of lipid nanoemulsions incorporating curcumin for cancer therapy J. Nanotechnol. 2012 2012 11
217. J. Sun, C. Bi, H.M. Chan, S. Sun, Q. Zhang, and Y. Zheng Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro antitumour activity, cellular uptake and improved in vivo bioavailability Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 111 2013 367 375
218. C.J.W.T. Dai, Z.M. He, L. Gao, X. Huang, J.M. Gong, H.Y. Xing, and W.D. Chen Fabrication and evaluation of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles based on solid lipid as a new type of colloidal drug delivery system Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 75 2013 178 184
219. C. Puglia, G. Frasca, T. Musumeci, L. Rizza, G. Puglisi, F. Bonina, and S. Chiechio Curcumin loaded NLC induces histone hypoacetylation in the CNS after intraperitoneal administration in mice Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 81 2012 288 293
220. S. Rocha, R. Generalov, C. Pereira Mdo, I. Peres, P. Juzenas, and M.A. Coelho Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles for prostate cancer chemoprevention Nanomedicine (Lond.) 6 2011 79 87
221. A. Dube, J.A. Nicolazzo, and I. Larson Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the intestinal absorption of the green tea catechins (+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 41 2010 219 225
222. A. Smith, B. Giunta, P.C. Bickford, M. Fountain, J. Tan, and R.D. Shytle Nanolipidic particles improve the bioavailability and α-secretase inducing ability of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease Int. J. Pharm. 389 2010 207 212
223. J.F. Fangueiro, T. Andreani, L. Fernandes, M.L. Garcia, M.A. Egea, A.M. Silva, and E.B. Souto Physicochemical characterization of epigallocatechin gallate lipid nanoparticles (EGCG-LNs) for ocular instillation Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 2014
224. T.G. Shutava, S.S. Balkundi, and Y.M. Lvov (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate/gelatin layer-by-layer assembled films and microcapsules J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 330 2009 276 283
225. S. Barathmanikanth, K. Kalishwaralal, M. Sriram, S.R. Pandian, H.S. Youn, S. Eom, and S. Gurunathan Anti-oxidant effect of gold nanoparticles restrains hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic mice J. Nanobiotechnol. 8 2010 16
226. J.H. Ting, and D.K. Martin Basic and clinical aspects of gene therapy for retinopathy induced by diabetes Curr. Gene Ther. 6 2006 193 214
227. D.P.K. Ng Human genetics of diabetic retinopathy: current perspectives J. Ophthalmol. 2010 2010 6
228. G. Kumaramanickavel, V.L. Ramprasad, S. Sripriya, N.K. Upadyay, P.G. Paul, and T. Sharma Association of Gly82Ser polymorphism in the RAGE gene with diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic Asian Indian patients J. Diabetes Complications 16 2002 391 394
229. D. Ray, M. Mishra, S. Ralph, I. Read, R. Davies, and P. Brenchley Association of the VEGF gene with proliferative diabetic retinopathy but not proteinuria in diabetes Diabetes 53 2004 861 864
230. Y. Wang, M.C. Ng, S.C. Lee, W.Y. So, P.C. Tong, C.S. Cockram, J.A. Critchley, and J.C. Chan Phenotypic heterogeneity and associations of two aldose reductase gene polymorphisms with nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 26 2003 2410 2415
231. M. Beranek, K. Kankova, P. Benes, L. Izakovicova-Holla, V. Znojil, D. Hajek, E. Vlkova, and J. Vacha Polymorphism R25P in the gene encoding transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1) is a newly identified risk factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy Am. J. Med. Genet. 109 2002 278 283
232. L. Liu, J. Jiao, Y. Wang, J. Wu, D. Huang, W. Teng, and L. Chen TGF-beta1 gene polymorphism in association with diabetic retinopathy susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis PLoS One 9 2014 e94160
233. H. Xu, L. Zhang, L. Gu, L. Lu, G. Gao, W. Li, G. Xu, J. Wang, F. Gao, J.Y. Xu, J. Yao, F. Wang, J. Zhang, and G.T. Xu Subretinal delivery of AAV2-mediated human erythropoietin gene is protective and safe in experimental diabetic retinopathy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 55 2014 1519 1530
234. K. Park, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, A.S. Mayo, U.B. Kompella, R. Longeras, and J.X. Ma Nanoparticle-mediated expression of an angiogenic inhibitor ameliorates ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage Diabetes 58 2009 1902 1913
235. D.H. Jo, T.G. Lee, and J.H. Kim Nanotechnology and nanotoxicology in retinopathy Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12 2011 8288 8301
236. D.H. Jo, J.H. Kim, Y.S. Yu, T.G. Lee, and J.H. Kim Antiangiogenic effect of silicate nanoparticle on retinal neovascularization induced by vascular endothelial growth factor Nanomedicine 8 2012 784 791
237. J.H. Kim, M.H. Kim, D.H. Jo, Y.S. Yu, T.G. Lee, and J.H. Kim The inhibition of retinal neovascularization by gold nanoparticles via suppression of VEGFR-2 activation Biomaterials 32 2011 1865 1871
238. D.H. Jo, J.H. Kim, J.G. Son, N.W. Song, Y.-I. Kim, Y.S. Yu, T.G. Lee, and J.H. Kim Anti-angiogenic effect of bare titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pathologic neovascularization without unbearable toxicity Nanomed.: Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 10 2014 1109 1117
239. S. Gurunathan, K.J. Lee, K. Kalishwaralal, S. Sheikpranbabu, R. Vaidyanathan, and S.H. Eom Antiangiogenic properties of silver nanoparticles Biomaterials 30 2009 6341 6350