메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1801-1815

The wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: XVII. The 14- year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN;

EID: 0031793875     PISSN: 01616420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91020-X     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (658)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0002451749 scopus 로고
    • Vision disorders in diabetes
    • National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NIH publication; no. 95-1468
    • Klein R, Klein BEK. Vision disorders in diabetes. In: Diabetes in America. National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 1995;293-338. (NIH publication; no. 95-1468).
    • (1995) Diabetes in America , pp. 293-338
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2
  • 2
  • 3
    • 0028275559 scopus 로고
    • Ten-year incidence of visual loss in a diabetic population
    • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Ten-year incidence of visual loss in a diabetic population. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1061-70.
    • (1994) Ophthalmology , vol.101 , pp. 1061-1070
    • Moss, S.E.1    Klein, R.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 4
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 977-86.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 5
    • 0019473351 scopus 로고
    • Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS Report Number 8
    • The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
    • Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS Report Number 8. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology 1981; 88:583-600.
    • (1981) Ophthalmology , vol.88 , pp. 583-600
  • 6
    • 0022347471 scopus 로고
    • Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1
    • Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group
    • Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103:1796-806.
    • (1985) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.103 , pp. 1796-1806
  • 7
    • 0017157328 scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy in Pima Indians. Relationships to glucose level, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis of diabetes, and age at examination in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus
    • Dorf A, Ballintine EJ, Bennett PH, Miller M. Retinopathy in Pima Indians. Relationships to glucose level, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis of diabetes, and age at examination in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1976;25:554-60.
    • (1976) Diabetes , vol.25 , pp. 554-560
    • Dorf, A.1    Ballintine, E.J.2    Bennett, P.H.3    Miller, M.4
  • 9
    • 0017704582 scopus 로고
    • The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings
    • Kahn HA, Leibowitz HM, Ganley JP, et al. The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings. Am J Epidemiol 1977;106:17-32.
    • (1977) Am J Epidemiol , vol.106 , pp. 17-32
    • Kahn, H.A.1    Leibowitz, H.M.2    Ganley, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 0019297093 scopus 로고
    • A detailed study of risk factors for retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes
    • West KM, Erdreich LJ, Strober JA. A detailed study of risk factors for retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes 1980;29:501-8.
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 501-508
    • West, K.M.1    Erdreich, L.J.2    Strober, J.A.3
  • 11
    • 0020625644 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy in Nauruans
    • King H, Balkau B, Zimmet P, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in Nauruans. Am J Epidemiol 1983;117:659-67.
    • (1983) Am J Epidemiol , vol.117 , pp. 659-667
    • King, H.1    Balkau, B.2    Zimmet, P.3
  • 12
    • 0022458647 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota
    • Ballard DJ, Melton LJ III, Dwyer MS, et al. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Diabetes Care 1986;9:334-42.
    • (1986) Diabetes Care , vol.9 , pp. 334-342
    • Ballard, D.J.1    Melton III, L.J.2    Dwyer, M.S.3
  • 13
    • 0020440536 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of retinopathy and proteinuria in type 1 diabetics in Iceland
    • Danielsen R, Jonasson F, Helgason T. Prevalence of retinopathy and proteinuria in type 1 diabetics in Iceland. Acta Med Scand 1982;212:277-80.
    • (1982) Acta Med Scand , vol.212 , pp. 277-280
    • Danielsen, R.1    Jonasson, F.2    Helgason, T.3
  • 15
    • 0022976438 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors
    • Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, McCann VJ, et al. Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. Diabetes 1986;35:1332-9.
    • (1986) Diabetes , vol.35 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Knuiman, M.W.1    Welborn, T.A.2    McCann, V.J.3
  • 16
    • 0021902348 scopus 로고
    • Ocular complications in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. An epidemiological study
    • Sjolie AK. Ocular complications in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. An epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1985;172:1-77.
    • (1985) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.172 , pp. 1-77
    • Sjolie, A.K.1
  • 17
    • 0021351223 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy I. The course of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetics. A one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The Island of Falster, Denmark
    • Copenh
    • Nielsen NV. Diabetic retinopathy I. The course of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetics. A one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The Island of Falster, Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1984;62:256-65.
    • (1984) Acta Ophthalmol , vol.62 , pp. 256-265
    • Nielsen, N.V.1
  • 18
    • 0023924689 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to baseline plasma glucose and blood pressure
    • Teuscher A, Schnell H, Wilson PW. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to baseline plasma glucose and blood pressure. Diabetes Care 1988;11:246-51.
    • (1988) Diabetes Care , vol.11 , pp. 246-251
    • Teuscher, A.1    Schnell, H.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 19
    • 0024263033 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites
    • Haffner SM, Fong D, Stern MP, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes 1988; 37:878-84.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 878-884
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Fong, D.2    Stern, M.P.3
  • 20
    • 0024257873 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. A population study from the Swedish island of Gotland
    • Jerneld B. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. A population study from the Swedish island of Gotland. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1988;188:3-32.
    • (1988) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.188 , pp. 3-32
    • Jerneld, B.1
  • 21
    • 0024431479 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics with NIDDM. San Luis Valley Diabetes Study
    • Hamman RF, Mayer EJ, Moo-Young GA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics with NIDDM. San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Diabetes 1989;38:1231-7.
    • (1989) Diabetes , vol.38 , pp. 1231-1237
    • Hamman, R.F.1    Mayer, E.J.2    Moo-Young, G.A.3
  • 22
    • 0023711480 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of retinopathy in the insulin-requiring diabetic patients of an English country town
    • McLeod BK, Thompson JR, Rosenthal AR. The prevalence of retinopathy in the insulin-requiring diabetic patients of an English country town. Eye 1988;2:424-30.
    • (1988) Eye , vol.2 , pp. 424-430
    • McLeod, B.K.1    Thompson, J.R.2    Rosenthal, A.R.3
  • 23
    • 0025972857 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of diabetes complications study. IV. Correlates of diabetic background and proliferative retinopathy
    • Kostraba JN, Klein R, Dorman JS, et al. The epidemiology of diabetes complications study. IV. Correlates of diabetic background and proliferative retinopathy. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133:381-91.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.133 , pp. 381-391
    • Kostraba, J.N.1    Klein, R.2    Dorman, J.S.3
  • 24
    • 0029050733 scopus 로고
    • The progression of retinopathy over 2 years: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study
    • Lloyd CE, Klein R, Maser RE, et al. The progression of retinopathy over 2 years: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study. J Diabetes Complications 1995;9:140-8.
    • (1995) J Diabetes Complications , vol.9 , pp. 140-148
    • Lloyd, C.E.1    Klein, R.2    Maser, R.E.3
  • 25
    • 0017200539 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of diabetic retinopathy and its treatment in Japan
    • Baba S, Goto Y, Fukui I, eds. Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; New York: Sole dist. for the U.S.A. and Canada Elsevier North Holland, Int'l Congress series; no. 390
    • Fukuda M. Natural history of diabetic retinopathy and its treatment in Japan. In: Baba S, Goto Y, Fukui I, eds. Diabetes Mellitus in Asia: ecological aspects of epidemiology, complications and treatment: proceedings of the second symposium, Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; New York: Sole dist. for the U.S.A. and Canada Elsevier North Holland, 1976; 225-31 (Int'l Congress series; no. 390).
    • (1976) Diabetes Mellitus in Asia: Ecological Aspects of Epidemiology, Complications and Treatment: Proceedings of the Second Symposium , pp. 225-231
    • Fukuda, M.1
  • 26
    • 0021136256 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:520-6.
    • (1984) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.102 , pp. 520-526
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 27
    • 0021191759 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:527-32.
    • (1984) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.102 , pp. 527-532
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 28
    • 0024537989 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Reginopathy. IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Reginopathy. IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107: 237-43.
    • (1989) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.107 , pp. 237-243
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 29
    • 0031018345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy and vision loss in insulin-dependent diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study
    • Sjolie AK, Stephenson J, Aldington S, et al. Retinopathy and vision loss in insulin-dependent diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Ophthalmology 1997; 104:252-60.
    • (1997) Ophthalmology , vol.104 , pp. 252-260
    • Sjolie, A.K.1    Stephenson, J.2    Aldington, S.3
  • 30
    • 0030891915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of retinopathy and associated risk factors from time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Klein R, Palta M, Allen C, et al. Incidence of retinopathy and associated risk factors from time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:351-6.
    • (1997) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.115 , pp. 351-356
    • Klein, R.1    Palta, M.2    Allen, C.3
  • 31
    • 0018243368 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: A prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973
    • Pirart J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care 1978;1:168-88, 252-63.
    • (1978) Diabetes Care , vol.1 , pp. 168-188
    • Pirart, J.1
  • 32
    • 0022515789 scopus 로고
    • Risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes: A 40-year follow-up study
    • Krolewski AS, Warram JH, Rand LI, et al. Risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes: a 40-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care 1986;9:443-52.
    • (1986) Diabetes Care , vol.9 , pp. 443-452
    • Krolewski, A.S.1    Warram, J.H.2    Rand, L.I.3
  • 33
    • 0021054461 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and 15-year incidence of retinopathy and associated characteristics in middle-aged and elderly diabetic men
    • Yanko L, Golbourt U, Michaelson IC, et al. Prevalence and 15-year incidence of retinopathy and associated characteristics in middle-aged and elderly diabetic men. Br J Ophthalmol 1983;67:759-65.
    • (1983) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.67 , pp. 759-765
    • Yanko, L.1    Golbourt, U.2    Michaelson, I.C.3
  • 34
    • 0026593883 scopus 로고
    • Development of proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM. A follow-up study of American Indians in Oklahoma
    • Lee ET, Lee VS, Lu M, Russell D. Development of proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM. A follow-up study of American Indians in Oklahoma. Diabetes 1992;41:359-67.
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , pp. 359-367
    • Lee, E.T.1    Lee, V.S.2    Lu, M.3    Russell, D.4
  • 35
    • 0026803376 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy in Oklahoma Indians with NIDDM. Incidence and risk factors
    • Lee ET, Lee VS, Kingsley RM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in Oklahoma Indians with NIDDM. Incidence and risk factors. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1620-7.
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , pp. 1620-1627
    • Lee, E.T.1    Lee, V.S.2    Kingsley, R.M.3
  • 36
    • 0028076222 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of diabetic retinopathy. XIV. Ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of diabetic retinopathy. XIV. Ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:1217-28.
    • (1994) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.112 , pp. 1217-1228
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3    Cruickshanks, K.J.4
  • 37
    • 0021334750 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in southern Wisconsin
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in southern Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119: 54-61.
    • (1984) Am J Epidemiol , vol.119 , pp. 54-61
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 38
    • 0017123662 scopus 로고
    • The hypertension detection and follow-up program
    • Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group
    • The hypertension detection and follow-up program. Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group. Prev Med 1976;5:207-15.
    • (1976) Prev Med , vol.5 , pp. 207-215
  • 39
    • 0007520911 scopus 로고
    • Chapters 12, 18. Available from: National Technical Information Service (Accession #PB85223006)
    • Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Manual of Operations. 1985; Chapters 12, 18. Available from: National Technical Information Service (Accession #PB85223006).
    • (1985) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Manual of Operations
  • 41
    • 0023890720 scopus 로고
    • Methodologic considerations in measuring glycosylated hemoglobin in epidemiologic studies
    • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK, et al. Methodologic considerations in measuring glycosylated hemoglobin in epidemiologic studies. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:645-9.
    • (1988) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.41 , pp. 645-649
    • Moss, S.E.1    Klein, R.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 42
    • 0028947410 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the study populations in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
    • DCCT Research Group, Klein R, Moss S. A comparison of the study populations in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:745-54.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 745-754
    • Klein, R.1    Moss, S.2
  • 43
    • 0023034841 scopus 로고
    • An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Magli YL, et al. An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1986; 93:1183-7.
    • (1986) Ophthalmology , vol.93 , pp. 1183-1187
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Magli, Y.L.3
  • 44
    • 0025845943 scopus 로고
    • Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs -an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10
    • Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
    • Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs -an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology 1991;98(5 Suppl):786-806.
    • (1991) Ophthalmology , vol.98 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 786-806
  • 45
    • 0025760218 scopus 로고
    • Fundus photographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS Report number 12
    • Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
    • Fundus photographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS Report number 12. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology 1991;98:823-33.
    • (1991) Ophthalmology , vol.98 , pp. 823-833
  • 46
    • 0021329825 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy. Assessment of severity and progression
    • Klein BEK, Davis MD, Segal P, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Assessment of severity and progression. Ophthalmology 1984;91:10-7.
    • (1984) Ophthalmology , vol.91 , pp. 10-17
    • Klein, B.E.K.1    Davis, M.D.2    Segal, P.3
  • 47
    • 33845382806 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations
    • Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-81.
    • (1958) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 457-481
    • Kaplan, E.L.1    Meier, P.2
  • 48
    • 9844227496 scopus 로고
    • Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure
    • Mantel N. Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. J Am Stat Assoc 1963;58:690-700.
    • (1963) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.58 , pp. 690-700
    • Mantel, N.1
  • 49
    • 0003508724 scopus 로고
    • New York: Wiley, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics
    • Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: Wiley, 1989;238-45 (Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics).
    • (1989) Applied Logistic Regression , pp. 238-245
    • Hosmer Jr., D.W.1    Lemeshow, S.2
  • 51
    • 0001772571 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes
    • National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH publication; no. 95-1468
    • LaPorte RE, Matsushima M, Chang Y-F. Prevalence and incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes. In: Diabetes in America. National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995;37-46 (NIH publication; no. 95-1468).
    • (1995) Diabetes in America , pp. 37-46
    • LaPorte, R.E.1    Matsushima, M.2    Chang, Y.-F.3
  • 52
    • 0029940294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medical management of hyperglycemia over a 10-year period in people with diabetes
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The medical management of hyperglycemia over a 10-year period in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996;19:744-50.
    • (1996) Diabetes Care , vol.19 , pp. 744-750
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3    Cruickshanks, K.J.4
  • 53
    • 0023736201 scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated homoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. Glycosylated homoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA 1988;260:2864-71.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 2864-2871
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 54
    • 0028063014 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of hyperglycemia to the long-term incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. Relationship of hyperglycemia to the long-term incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2169-78.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2169-2178
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3    Cruickshanks, K.J.4
  • 55
    • 0021748399 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. IV. Diabetic macular edema
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. IV. Diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1984;91:1464-74.
    • (1984) Ophthalmology , vol.91 , pp. 1464-1474
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 56
    • 0024471810 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. XI. The incidence of macular edema
    • Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. XI. The incidence of macular edema. Ophthalmology 1989;96:1501-10.
    • (1989) Ophthalmology , vol.96 , pp. 1501-1510
    • Klein, R.1    Moss, S.E.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 57
    • 0029121107 scopus 로고
    • Clinically significant macular edema in Type I diabetes. Incidence and risk factors
    • Vitale S, Maguire MG, Murphy RP, et al. Clinically significant macular edema in Type I diabetes. Incidence and risk factors. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1170-6.
    • (1995) Ophthalmology , vol.102 , pp. 1170-1176
    • Vitale, S.1    Maguire, M.G.2    Murphy, R.P.3
  • 58
    • 0027275397 scopus 로고
    • The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus
    • Reichard P, Nilsson BY, Rosenqvist U. The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:304-9.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 304-309
    • Reichard, P.1    Nilsson, B.Y.2    Rosenqvist, U.3
  • 59
    • 0029038781 scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated hemoglobin and the risk of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Warram JH, Manson JE, Krolewski AS. Glycosylated hemoglobin and the risk of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [letter]. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1305-6.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 1305-1306
    • Warram, J.H.1    Manson, J.E.2    Krolewski, A.S.3
  • 60
    • 0028151564 scopus 로고
    • Long-term glycemic control has a nonlinear association to the frequency of background retinopathy in adolescents with diabetes. Follow-up of the Berlin Retinopathy Study
    • Danne T, Weber B, Hartmann R, et al. Long-term glycemic control has a nonlinear association to the frequency of background retinopathy in adolescents with diabetes. Follow-up of the Berlin Retinopathy Study. Diabetes Care 1994; 17:1390-6.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Danne, T.1    Weber, B.2    Hartmann, R.3
  • 61
    • 0029785455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications: The perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications: the perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 1996;45:1289-98.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 1289-1298
  • 62
    • 0028833239 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:36-51.
    • (1995) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.113 , pp. 36-51
  • 63
    • 0028915217 scopus 로고
    • Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group
    • Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Ophthalmology 1995;102:647-6.
    • (1995) Ophthalmology , vol.102 , pp. 647-656
  • 64
    • 0029301644 scopus 로고
    • A cohort study of the relationship of diabetic retinopathy to blood pressure
    • Klein BEK, Klein R, Moss SE, Palta M. A cohort study of the relationship of diabetic retinopathy to blood pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:601-6.
    • (1995) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.113 , pp. 601-606
    • Klein, B.E.K.1    Klein, R.2    Moss, S.E.3    Palta, M.4
  • 65
    • 0024456469 scopus 로고
    • Is blood pressure a predictor of the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy?
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. Is blood pressure a predictor of the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy? Arch Intern Med 1989;149:2427-32.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 2427-2432
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 66
    • 0032477583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes
    • The EUCLID Study Group. EURODIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
    • Chaturvedi N, Sjolie AK, Stephenson JM, et al. Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes. The EUCLID Study Group. EURODIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Lancet 1998;351:28-31.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 28-31
    • Chaturvedi, N.1    Sjolie, A.K.2    Stephenson, J.M.3
  • 67
    • 0027326345 scopus 로고
    • Is gross proteinuria a risk factor for the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
    • Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK. Is gross proteinuria a risk factor for the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy? Ophthalmology 1993;100:1140-6.
    • (1993) Ophthalmology , vol.100 , pp. 1140-1146
    • Klein, R.1    Moss, S.E.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 68
    • 0023371010 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of retinopathy in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes: Association with clinical nephropathy
    • Kofoed-Enevoldsen A, Jensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Deckert T. Incidence of retinopathy in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes: association with clinical nephropathy. J Diabet Complications 1987;1:96-9.
    • (1987) J Diabet Complications , vol.1 , pp. 96-99
    • Kofoed-Enevoldsen, A.1    Jensen, T.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3    Deckert, T.4
  • 69
    • 0006135565 scopus 로고
    • Monocular clinical risk factors in the progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Little HL, Jack RL, Patz A, Forsham PH, eds. New York: Thieme-Stratton; Stuttgart; New York: G. Thieme Verlas
    • Aiello LM, Rand LI, Briones JC, et al. Monocular clinical risk factors in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In: Little HL, Jack RL, Patz A, Forsham PH, eds. Diabetic Retinopathy. New York: Thieme-Stratton; Stuttgart; New York: G. Thieme Verlas, 1983.
    • (1983) Diabetic Retinopathy
    • Aiello, L.M.1    Rand, L.I.2    Briones, J.C.3
  • 70
    • 0023252004 scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria: Value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Borch-Johnsen K, Kreiner S. Proteinuria: value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:1651-4.
    • (1987) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.294 , pp. 1651-1654
    • Borch-Johnsen, K.1    Kreiner, S.2
  • 71
    • 0023224791 scopus 로고
    • Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Winocour PH, Durrington PN, Ishola M, et al. Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:1648-51.
    • (1987) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.294 , pp. 1648-1651
    • Winocour, P.H.1    Durrington, P.N.2    Ishola, M.3
  • 72
    • 0025845047 scopus 로고
    • Association of cigarette smoking with diabetic retinopathy
    • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Association of cigarette smoking with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1991;14:119-26.
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , pp. 119-126
    • Moss, S.E.1    Klein, R.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 73
    • 0029828732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and ten-year progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Cigarette smoking and ten-year progression of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1438-42.
    • (1996) Ophthalmology , vol.103 , pp. 1438-1442
    • Moss, S.E.1    Klein, R.2    Klein, B.E.K.3
  • 74
    • 0025853982 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspirin treatment on diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 8
    • Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
    • Effects of aspirin treatment on diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 8. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology 1991;98(5 Suppl):757-65.
    • (1991) Ophthalmology , vol.98 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 757-765
  • 75
    • 0025189996 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of puberty to diabetic retinopathy
    • Murphy RP, Nanda M, Plotnick L, et al. The relationship of puberty to diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1990;108: 215-8.
    • (1990) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.108 , pp. 215-218
    • Murphy, R.P.1    Nanda, M.2    Plotnick, L.3
  • 76
    • 0024468363 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of diabetes duration before puberty to development of microvascular complications in IDDM subjects
    • Kostraba JN, Dorman JS, Orchard TJ, et al. Contribution of diabetes duration before puberty to development of microvascular complications in IDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 1989; 12:686-93.
    • (1989) Diabetes Care , vol.12 , pp. 686-693
    • Kostraba, J.N.1    Dorman, J.S.2    Orchard, T.J.3
  • 77
    • 0026750285 scopus 로고
    • Screening guidelines for diabetic retinopathy
    • American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, and American Academy of Ophthalmology
    • Screening guidelines for diabetic retinopathy. American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, and American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:683-5.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 683-685
  • 78
    • 0024602317 scopus 로고
    • Relation of ocular and systemic factors to survival in diabetes
    • Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK, DeMets DL. Relation of ocular and systemic factors to survival in diabetes. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:266-72.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 266-272
    • Klein, R.1    Moss, S.E.2    Klein, B.E.K.3    DeMets, D.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.