Angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors in diabetic retinopathy

Current Diabetes Reviews

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 304-312

  Praidou, Anna ^a   Androudi, Sofia ^a   Brazitikos, Periklis ^a   Karakiulakis, George ^a   Papakonstantinou, Eleni ^a   Dimitrakos, Stavros ^a  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

Angiogenic growth factors; Anti angiogenic factors; Diabetic retinopathy; Fibroblast growth factor; Insulin like growth factor; Pigment epithelial derived factor; Platelet derived growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENIC FACTOR; ANGIOPOIETIN; ANGIOSTATIN; ANGIOTENSIN; ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR; ENDOSTATIN; ENDOTHELIAL CELL GROWTH FACTOR; EPHRIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; GROWTH FACTOR; INTEGRIN; INTERLEUKIN DERIVATIVE; LEPTIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN; PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DERIVED FACTOR; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE C; SCATTER FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN; STEROID; THROMBOSPONDIN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VASCULOTROPIN; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANGIOGENIC PROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUPPRESSOR GENE; ANIMAL; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANGIOGENESIS INDUCING AGENTS; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS; ANIMALS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS;

EID: 79952118441     PISSN: 15733998     EISSN: 18756417     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157339910793360815     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Wiedemann P. Growth factors in retinal diseases: proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 1992; 36: 373-84
2. Aiello L, Gardner T, King G, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 143.
3. Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev 2004; 25: 581-611.
4. Pepper M, Ferrara N, Orci L, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 181: 902-6
5. Senger D, Claffey K, Benes J, et al. Angiogenesis promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor: regulation through alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 13612-7.
6. Shams N, Ianchulaev T. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular angiogenesis. Ophthalmol Clin N Am 2006; 19: 335-44.
7. Esser S, Wolburg K, Wolburg H, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro. J Cell Biol 1998; 140: 947.
8. Lu M, Perez V, Ma N, et al. VEGF increases retinal vascular ICAM-1 expression in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 1808-12.
9. Miyamoto K, Khosrof S, Bursell S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced retinal vascular permeability is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Am J Pathol 2000; 156: 1733-9.
10. Perrin R, Konopatskaya O, Qiu Y, et al. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with a switch in splicing from anti-to pro-angiogenic isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2422-27.
11. Hutchings H, Ortega N, Plouet J. Extracellular matrix-bound vascular endothelial growth factor promotes endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and survival through integrin ligation. FASEB J 2003; 17: 1520-2.
12. Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L, et al. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr Rev 1992; 13: 18-32
13. Houck K, Leung D, Rowland A, et al. Dual regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioavailability by genetics and proteolytic mechanisms. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 26031-7.
14. Shima D, Adams A, Ferrara N, et al. Hypoxic induction of endothelial cell growth factors in retinal cells: identification and characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the mitogen. Mol Med 1995; 1: 182-93.
15. Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature 1992; 359: 843-5.
16. Kuroki M, Voest E, Amano S, et al. Reactive oxygen intermediates increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 1667-75
17. Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J 1999; 13: 9-22.
18. Praidou A, Papakonstantinou E, Androudi S, et al. Vitreous and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-platelet- derived growth factor and their correlation in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macula oedema. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2009; (Epub ahead of print). derived
19. Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 1997; 18: 4-25
20. Kim I, Ryan A, Rohan R, et al. Constitutive expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2115-21
21. Ferrara N, Gerber H, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669-76.
22. Boulton M, Foreman D, Williams G. VEGF localization in diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 561-8.
23. Papakonstantinou E, Karakiulakis G, Tamm M, et al. Hypoxia modifies the effect of PDGF on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by primary human lung cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000; 279: 825-34.
24. Papakonstantinou E, Karakiulakis G, Tamm M, et al. The effect of Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by primary human lung vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is modified by hypoxia. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 632.
25. Papakonstantinou E, Karakiulakis G, Roth M, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates the secretion of hyaluronic acid by proliferating human vascular smooth muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1995; 92: 9881-5.
26. Yamagishi S, Edelstein D, Du X, et al. Hyperglycemia potentiates collagen-induced platelet activation through mitochondrial super-oxide overproduction. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1491-4.
27. Cox O, Simpson D, Stitt A, et al. Sources of PDGF expression in murine retina and the effect of short-term diabetes. Mol Vis 2003; 9: 665-72.
28. Noda Y, Hata Y, Hisatomi T, et al. Functional properties of hyalo-cytes under PDGF-rich conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 2107-14.
29. Vinores S, Henderer J, Mahlow J, et al. Isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in epiretinal membranes: immunolocalization to retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 1995; 60: 607-19.
30. Praidou A, Klangas I, Papakonstantinou E, et al. Vitreous and serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor and their correlation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2009; 34: 152-61
31. Mori K, Gehlbach P, Ando A, et al. Retina-specific expression of PDGF-B versus PDGF-A: vascular versus nonvascular proliferative retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 2001-6.
32. Seo M, Okamoto N, Vinores S, et al. Photoreceptor-specific expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B results in tractional retinal detachment. Am J Pathol 2000; 157: 995-1005.
33. Robbins S, Mixon R, Wilson D, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors immunolocalized in proliferative retinal diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 3649-63.
34. Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Takenaka K, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived (PEDF) promotes growth of pericytes through autocrine production of platelet-derived growth factor-B. Microvasc Res 2005; 69: 128-34.
35. Amano S, Yamagishi S, Inagaki Y, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates platelet-derived growth factor-B gene expression in cultured retinal pericytes through intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Int J Tissue React 2003; 25: 51-5.
36. Guidry C, Feist R, Morris R, et al. Changes in IGF activities in human diabetic vitreous. Diabetes 2004; 53: 2428-35.
37. Akiyama H, Kachi S, Silva R, et al. Intraocular injection of an aptamer that binds PDGF-B: a potential treatment for proliferative retinopathies. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207: 407-12.
38. Wang Y, Sun Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor1 as an anti-cancer target:blocking transformation and inducing apoptosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2002; 2: 191-207
39. Punglia R, Lu M, Hsu J, et al. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by insulin-like growth factor 1. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1619-26.
40. Boulton M, Gregor Z, Mc Leod D, et al. Intravitreal growth factors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: correlation with neovascular activity and glycaemic management. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81: 228-33.
41. Burgos R, Mateo C, Canton A, et al. Vitreous levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein 1 and IGF binding protein 3 in proliferative dia-betic retinopathy: a case control study. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 80-3.
42. Inokuchi N, Ikeda T, Imamura Y, et al. Vitreous levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2001; 23: 368-71.
43. Spranger J, Buhnen J, Jansen V, et al. Systemic levels contribute significantly to increased intraocular IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Horm Metab Res 2000; 32: 196-200.
44. Frystyk J, Bek T, Flyvbjerg A, et al. The relationship between the circulating IGF system and the presence of retinopathy in Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2003; 20: 269-76.
45. Simo R, Hernandez C, Segura RM, et al. Free insulin-like growth factor 1 in the vitreous fluid of diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case control study. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104(3): 223-30.
46. Canton A, Burgos R, Hernandez C, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor in vitreous and serum from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 732-5.
47. Nishimura M, Ikeda T, Ushiyama M, et al. Changes in vitreous concentrations of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: implications for intraocular hHGF production. Clin Sci (Lond) 2000; 98: 9-14.
48. Grierson I, Heathcote L, Hiscott P, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2000; 19: 779-802.
49. Umeda N, Ozaki H, Hayashi H, et al. Non-paralleled increase of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the eyes with angiogenic and nonangiogenic fibroproliferation. Ophthalmic Res 2002; 34: 43-7.
50. Hernandez C, Carrasco E, Garcia-Arumi J, et al. Intravitreous levels of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and vascular adhesion molecule-1 in the vitreous fluid of diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy. Diabetes Metab 2004; 30: 341-6.
51. Matsumoto Y, Takahashi M, Ogata M. Relation between glycoxi-dation and cytokines in the vitreous of eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46: 406-12.
52. Yamamoto T, Takeuchi S, Suzuki K, et al. Expression and possible roles of activin A in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2000; 44: 221-6.
53. Hinton D, Spee C, He S, et al. Accumulation of NH2-terminal fragment of connective tissue growth factor in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 758-64.
54. Friedlander M, Theesfeld C, Sugita M, et al. Involvement of integrins alpha - �beta 3 and alpha  beta 5 in ocular neovascular diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 9764-9.
55. Witzenbichler B, Maisonpierre P, Jones G, et al. Chemotactic properties of angiopoietin-1 and-2, ligands for the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 18514-21.
56. Kowluru R. Diabetes induced elevations in retinal oxidative stress, protein kinase C and nitric oxide are interrelated. Acta Diabetol 2001; 38: 179-85.
57. Aiello L, Bursell S, Clermont A, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced retinal permeability is mediated by protein kinase C in vivo and suppressed by an orally effective beta-isoform-selective inhibitor. Diabetes 1997; 46: 147-80.
58. Nakamura N, Hasegawa G, Obayashi H, et al. Increased concentration of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, and inter-leukin-6 in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003; 61: 93-101.
59. Yuuki T, Kanda T, Kimura Y, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in vitreous fluid and serum of patients with diabetic vitreoretinopathy. J Diabetes Complicat 2001; 15: 257-9.
60. Cicik E, Tekin H, Akar S, et al. Interleukin-8, nitric oxide and glutathione status in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2003; 35: 251-5.
61. Shimizu E, Funatsu H, Yamashita H, et al. Plasma level of inter-leukin-6 is an indicator for predicting macular edema. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46: 78-83.
62. Gariano R, Nath A, D’Amico D, et al. Elevation of vitreous leptin in diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 3576-81.
63. Yamagishi S, Amano S, Inagaki Y, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits leptin-induced angiogenesis by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression through anti-oxidative properties. Microvasc Res 2003; 65: 186-90.
64. Funatsu H, Yamashita H. Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and the renin-angiotensin system. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2003; 23: 495-501.
65. Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Nakanishi Y, et al. Angiotensin II and vascular endothelial growth factor in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: 311-5.
66. Hogeboom van Buggenum I, Polak B, Reichert-Thoen J, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibiting therapy is associated with lower vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 203-9.
67. Mitamura Y, Takeuchi S, Matsuda A, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmologica 2001; 215: 415-8.
68. Limb G, Hickman-Casey J, Hollifield R, et al. Vascular adhesion molecules in vitreous from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2453-7.
69. Hernandez C, Burgos R, Canton A, et al. Vitreous levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 516-21.
70. Hattenbach L, Allers A, Gumbel H, et al. Vitreous concentrations of TPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor are associated with VEGF in proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy. Retina 1999; 19: 383-9.
71. Moses M. The regulation of neovascularization of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Stem Cells 1997; 15: 180-9.
72. Spranger J, Osterhoff M, Reinmann M, et al. Loss of the antiangiogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with angiogenic eye disease. Diabetes 2001; 50: 2641-5.
73. Inagaki Y, Yamagishi S, Okamoto T, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor prevents advanced glycation end products-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in microvascular endothelial cells by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 284-7.
74. Volpert O, Zaichuk T, Zhou W, et al. Inducer-stimulated Fas targets activated endothelium for destruction by anti-angiogenic thrombospondin 1 and pigment epithelium derived factor. Nat Med 2002; 8: 349-57.
75. Ogata N, Nishikawa M, Nishimura T, et al. Inverse levels of pigment epithelium derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the vitreous of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 133: 851-2.
76. Ogata N, Tombran-Tink J, Nishikawa M, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor in the vitreous is low in diabetic retinopathy and high in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 132: 378-82.
77. O’Reilly M, Holmgren L, Shing Y, et al. Angiostatin novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell 1994; 79: 315-28.
78. Spranger J, Hammes H, Preissner K, et al. Release of the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: association with retinal photocoagulation. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 1404-7.
79. O’Reilly M, Boehm T, Shing Y, et al. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 1997; 88: 277-85.
80. Noma H, Funatsu H, Yamashita H, et al. Regulation of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy: possible balance between vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120: 1075-80.
81. Bornstein P. Diversity of functions is inherent in matricellular proteins: an appraisal of thrombospondin. J Cell Biol 1995; 130: 503-6.
82. Nauck M, Karakiulakis G, Perruchoud A, et al. Corticosteroids inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor gene in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 341: 309-15.
83. Blei F, Wison E, Rifkin D. Mechanisms of action of angiostatic steroids: suppression of plasminogen activator activity via stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor synthesis. J Cell Physiol 1993; 155: 568-78.
84. Rollin R, Mediero A, Martinez-Montero J, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide in the vitreous humor and epiretinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis 2004; 10: 450-7.
85. Leibovitch I, Loewenstein A, Alster Y, et al. Interferon alpha-2a for proliferative diabetic retinopathy after complete laser panretinal photocoagulation treatment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004; 35: 16-22.
86. Ng E, Shima D, Callas P, et al. Pegaptanib, a targeted anti-VEGF aptamer for ocular vascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 123-32.
87. Andeoli C, Miller J. Anti-vascular growth factor therapy for ocular neovascular disease. Curr Opin Ophthlmol 2007; 18: 502-8.
88. Shen J, Samul R, Silva R, et al. Suppression of ocular neovascularization with siRNA targeting VEGF receptor 1. Gene Ther 2006; 13: 225-34.
89. Comer G, Giulla T. Pharmacotherapy for diabetic retinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2005; 15: 508-18.
90. Aiello L. The potential role of PKC beta in diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol 2002; 47(Suppl 2): S263-9.