Scientific basis of nanotechnology, implications for the food sector and future trends

Trends in Food Science and Technology

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 127-148

  Rossi, M ^a   Cubadda, F ^b   Dini, L ^c   Terranova, M L ^d   Aureli, F ^b   Sorbo, A ^b   Passeri, D ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION; APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES; BULK COUNTERPART; NANOSCALE CHARACTERIZATION; REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS; SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT; STORAGE AND DELIVERY; TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES;

FOOD STORAGE;

EID: 84919493605     PISSN: 09242244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Achayuthakan P., Suphantharika M., BeMiller J.N. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of dextranrice starch mixtures. Carbohydrate Polymers 2012, 87:557-563.
2. An H., Yang H., Liu Z., Zhang Z. Effects of heating modes and sources on nanostructure of gelatinized starch molecules using atomic force microscopy. LWT - Food Science Technology 2008, 41:1466-1471.
3. Aureli F., D'Amato M., De Berardis B., Raggi A., Turco A.C., Cubadda F. Investigating agglomeration and dissolution of silica nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in time resolved mode. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2012, 27:1540-1548.
4. Baidakova M.V., Kukushkina Y.A., Sitnikova A.A., Yagovkina M.A., Kirilenko D.A., Sokolov V.V., et al. Structure of nanodiamonds prepared by laser synthesis. Physics of the Solid State 2013, 55:1747-1753.
5. Baker A.A., Miles M.J., Helbert W. Internal structure of the starch granule revealed by AFM. Carbohydrate Research 2001, 330:249-256.
6. Barber D.J., Freestone I.C. An investigation of the origin of the colour of the Lycurgus cup by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Archaeometry 1990, 32:33-45.
7. Barrera G.N., Calderón-Domínguez G., Chanona-Pérez J., Gutiérrez-López G.F., Leóna A.E., Ribotta P.D. Evaluation of the mechanical damage on wheat starch granules by SEM, ESEM, AFM and texture image analysis. Carbohydrate Polymers 2013, 98:1449-1457.
8. Berquand A., Gaillard C., Bouchet B. Ultrastructure and force property measurements of wheat grain tissues using harmonix mode in fluid 2009, AN122, Bruker Corporation.
9. Bouwmeester H., Dekkers S., Noordam M.Y., Hagens W.I., Bulder A.S., de Heer C., et al. Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2009, 53:52-62.
10. Bradley E.L., Castle L., Chaudhry Q. Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging with a consideration of opportunities for developing countries. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2011, 22:604-610.
11. Buffat P., Borel J.-P. Size effect on the melting temperature of gold particles. Physical Review A 1976, 13:2287-2298.
12. Calzolai L., Gilliland D., Rossi F. Measuring nanoparticles size distribution in food and consumer products: a review. Food Additives and Contaminants 2012, 29:1183-1193.
13. Celedón A., Aguilera J.M. Applications of microprobe Raman spectroscopy in food science. Food Science and Technology International 2002, 8:101-108.
14. Chaudhry Q., Scotter M., Blackburn J., Ross B., Boxall A., Castle L., et al. Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2008, 25:241-258.
15. Cowley J.M. Diffraction physics 1975, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
16. Cubadda F., Aureli F., D'Amato M., Raggi A., Mantovani A. Nanomaterials in the food sector: new approaches for safety assessment 2013, Rapporti ISTISAN 13/48.
17. Cubadda F., Oomen A.G., Laurentie M., Aureli F., D'Amato M., Maranghi F., et al. Toxicokinetics of synthetic amorphous silica after oral and intravenous administration in rats 2014, (in preparation).
18. Cushen M., Kerry J., Morris M., Cruz-Romero M., Cummins E. Nanotechnologies in the food industry - recent developments, risks and regulation. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2012, 24:30-46.
19. Daniel M.-C., Astruc D. Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chemical Reviews 2004, 104:293-346.
20. Dekkers S., Krystek P., Peters R.J., Lankveld D.P., Bokkers B.G., van Hoeven-Arentzen P.H., et al. Presence and risks of nanosilica in food products. Nanotoxicology 2011, 5:393-405.
21. Dudkiewicz A., Tiede K., Loeschner K., Soegaard Jensen L.H., Jensen E., Wierzbicki R., et al. Characterization of nanomaterials in food by electron microscopy. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2011, 30:28-43.
22. Dufour E. Recent advances in the analysis of dairy product quality using methods based on the interactions of light with matter. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2011, 64:153-165.
23. Echegoyen Y., Nerín C. Nanoparticle release from nano-silver antimicrobial food containers. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2013, 62:16-22.
24. EFSA Scientific Committee Scientific opinion of the scientific committee on a request from the european commission on the potential risks arising from nanoscience and nanotechnologies on food and feed safety. The EFSA Journal 2009, 958:1-39.
25. EFSA Scientific Committee Scientific opinion on guidance on the risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain. The EFSA Journal 2011, 9:2140-2176.
26. El-Bakry M., Sheehan J. Analysing cheese microstructure: a review of recent developments. Journal of Food Engineering 2014, 125:84-96.
27. Fava J., Hodara K., Nieto A., Guerrero S., Alzamora S.M., Castro M.A. Structure (micro, ultra, nano), color and mechanical properties of Vitis labrusca l. (grape berry) fruits treated by hydrogen peroxide, UVC irradiation and ultrasound. Food Research International 2011, 44:2938-2948.
28. Fröhlich E., Roblegg E. Models for oral uptake of nanoparticles in consumer products. Toxicology 2012, 291:10-17.
29. Funami T. Atomic force microscopy imaging of food polysaccharides. Food Science and Technology Research 2010, 16:1-12.
30. Fyfe K.N., Kravchuk O., Le T., Deeth H.C., Nguyen A.V., Bhandari B. Storage induced changes to high protein powders: influence on surface properties and solubility. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2011, 91:2566-2575.
31. Gao G., Ze Y., Li B., Zhao X., Zhang T., Sheng L., et al. Ovarian dysfunction and gene-expressed characteristics of female mice caused by long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2012, 243:19-27.
32. Gao G., Ze Y., Zhao X., Sang X., Zheng L., Ze X., et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced testicular damage, spermatogenesis suppression, and gene expression alterations in male mice. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2013, 258-259:133-143.
33. Gatti A.M., Tossini D., Gambarelli A., Montanari S., Capitani F. Investigation of the presence of inorganic micro- and nanosized contaminants in bread and biscuits by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2009, 49:275-282.
34. von Goetz N., Fabricius L., Glaus R., Weitbrecht V., Günther D., Hungerbühler K. Migration of silver from commercial plastic food containers and implications for consumer exposure assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2013, 30:612-620.
35. Goode K.R., Bowen J., Akhtar N., Robbins P.T., Fryer P.J. The effect of temperature on adhesion forces between surfaces and model foods containing whey protein and sugar. Journal of Food Engineering 2013, 118:371-379.
36. Guglielmotti V., Chieppa S., Orlanducci S., Tamburri E., Toschi F., Terranova M.L., et al. Carbon nanotube/nanodiamond structures: an innovative concept for stable and ready-to-start electron emitters. Applied Physics Letters 2009, 95:222113.
37. Guglielmotti V., Tamburri E., Orlanducci S., Terranova M.L., Rossi M., Notarianni M., et al. Macroscopic self-standing swcnt fibers as efficient emitters with very high emission current for robust cold cathodes. Carbon 2013, 52:356-362.
38. Hadrup N., Loeschner K., Bergström A., Wilcks A., Gao X., Vogel U., et al. Subacute oral toxicity investigation of nanoparticulate and ionic silver in rats. Archives of Toxicology 2012, 86:543-551.
39. Heroult J., Nischwitz V., Bartczak D., Goenaga-Infante H. The potential of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation hyphenated to multiple detectors for the quantification and size estimation of silica nanoparticles in a food matrix. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2014, 406:3919-3927.
40. Herrero A.M. Raman spectroscopy a promising technique for quality assessment of meat and fish: a review. Food Chemistry 2008, 107:1642-1651.
41. Honglong S., Guling Z., Bin Z., Minting L., Wenzhong W. A method for structure analysis of nanomaterials by electron diffraction: phase identification and unit cell determination. Microscopy Research & Technique 2013, 76:641-647.
42. Huang T., Xu X.-H.N. Synthesis and characterization of tunable rainbow colored colloidal silver nanoparticles using single-nanoparticle plasmonic microscopy and spectroscopy. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010, 20:9867-9876.
43. Huang X., El-Sayed M.A. Gold nanoparticles: optical properties and implementations in cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Journal of Advanced Research 2010, 1:13-28.
44. Hunt L.B. The true story of purple of Cassius. Gold Bull 1976, 9:134-139.
45. Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 354:56-58.
46. James B. Advances in "wet" electron microscopy techniques and their application to the study of food structure. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2009, 20:114-124.
47. James B.J., Smith B.G. Surface structure and composition of fresh and bloomed chocolate analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2009, 42:929-937.
48. Jun Y.-W., Seo J.-W., Cheon J. Nanoscaling laws of magnetic nanoparticles and their applicabilities in biomedical sciences. Accounts of Chemical Research 2008, 41:179-189.
49. Kah M., Hofmann T. Nanopesticide research: current trends and future priorities. Environment International 2014, 63:224-235.
50. van Kesteren P.C.E., Cubadda F., Bouwmeester H., van Eijkeren J.C.H., Dekkers S., de Jong W.H., et al. Novel insights into the risk assessment of the nanomaterial synthetic amorphous silica, additive E551, in food. Nanotoxicology 2014, (Epub ahead of print July 18, 2014 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2014.940408).
51. Kim Y.S., Kim J.S., Cho H.S., Rha D.S., Kim J.M., Park J.D., et al. Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and gender-related tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles in sprague-dawley rats. Inhalation Toxicology 2008, 20:575-583.
52. Kim Y.S., Song M.Y., Park J.D., Song K.S., Ryu H.R., Chung Y.H., et al. Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2010, 7:20.
53. Kookana R.S., Boxall A.B.A., Reeves P.T., Ashauer R., Beulke S., Chaudhry Q., et al. Nanopesticides: guiding principles for regulatory evaluation of environmental risks. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62:4227-4240.
54. Kroto H.W., Heath J.R., O'Brien S.C., Curl R.F., Smalley R.E. C60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 1985, 318:162-163.
55. Leach R.K., Boyd R., Burke T., Danzebrink H.U., Dirscherl K., Dziomba T., et al. The European nanometrology landscape. Nanotechnology 2011, 22:062001.
56. Linsinger T.P., Chaudhry Q., Dehalu V., Delahaut P., Dudkiewicz A., Grombe R., et al. Validation of methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in food. Food Chemistry 2013, 138:1959-1966.
57. Linsinger T.P., Peters R., Weigel S. International interlaboratory study for sizing and quantification of ag nanoparticles in food simulants by single-particle icpms. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2014, 406:3835-3843.
58. Liu D., Cheng F. Advances in research on structural characterisation of agricultural products using atomic force microscopy. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2011, 91:783-788.
59. Llorens A., Lloret E., Picouet P.A., Trbojevich R., Fernandez A. Metallic-based micro and nanocomposites in food contact materials and active food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2012, 24:19-29.
60. Loeschner K., Hadrup N., Qvortrup K., Larsen A., Gao X., Vogel U., et al. Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2011, 8:18.
61. Loeschner K., Navratilova J., Købler C., Mølhave K., Wagner S., von der Kammer F., et al. Detection and characterization of silver nanoparticles in chicken meat by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation with detection by conventional or single particle icp-ms. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2013, 405:8185-8195.
62. Lue J.T. Physical properties of nanomaterials. Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology 2007, Vol. X:1-46.
63. Mochalin V.N., S O., Ho D., Gogotsi Y. The properties and applications of nanodiamonds. Nature Nanotechnology 2012, 7:11-23.
64. 3 nanoparticles. Chemistry of Materials 1999, 11:3058-3064.
65. Morris V.J. Probing molecular interactions in food. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2004, 15:291-297.
66. Morris V.J. Emerging roles of engineered nanomaterials in the food industry. Trends in Biotechnology 2011, 29:509-516.
67. Morris V.J., Woodward N.C., Gunning A.P. Atomic force microscopy as a nanoscience tool in rational food design. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2011, 91:2117-2125.
68. Morton D.N., Roberts C.J., Hey M.J., Mitchell J.R., Hipkiss J., Vercauteren J. Surface characterization of caramel at the micrometer scale. Journal of Food Science 2003, 68:1411-1415.
69. Neethirajan S., Tsukamoto K., Kanahara H., Sugiyama S. Ultrastructural analysis of buckwheat starch components using atomic force microscopy. Journal of Food Science 2012, 71:N2-N7.
70. Ong L., Dagastine R.R., Kentish S.E., Gras S.L. Microstructure of milk gel and cheese curd observed using cryo scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. LWT - Food Science Technology 2011, 44:1291-1302.
71. Park E.-J., Bae E., Yi J., Kim Y., Choi K., Lee S.H., et al. Repeated-dose toxicity and inflammatory responses in mice by oral administration of silver nanoparticles. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2010, 30:162-168.
72. Passeri D., Rossi M., Tamburri E., Terranova M.L. Mechanical characterization of polymeric thin films by atomic force microscopy based techniques. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2013, 405:1463-1478.
73. Peighambardoust S.H., Dadpour M.R., Dokouhaki M. Application of epifluorescence light microscopy (EFLM) to study the microstructure of wheat dough: a comparison with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) technique. Journal of Cereal Science 2010, 51:21-27.
74. Peters R., ten Dam G., Bouwmeester H., Helspera H., Allmaier G., vd Kammer F., et al. Identification and characterization of organic nanoparticles in food. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2011, 30:100-112.
75. Peters R., Kramer E., Oomen A.G., Rivera Z.E., Oegema G., Tromp P.C., et al. Presence of nano-sized silica during invitro digestion of foods containing silica as a food additive. ACS Nano 2012, 6:2441-2451.
76. Peters R.J., Rivera Z.H., van Bemmel G., Marvin H.J., Weigel S., Bouwmeester H. Development and validation of single particle icp-ms for sizing and quantitative determination of nano-silver in chicken meat. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2014, 406:3875-3885.
77. Reibold M., Paufler P., Levin A.A., Kochmann W., Pätzke N., Meyer D.C. Carbon nanotubes in an ancient Damascus sabre. Nature 2006, 444:286.
78. Ridout M.J., Gunning A.P., Parker M.L., Wilson R.H., Morris V.J. Using AFM to image the internal structure of starch granules. Carbohydrate Polymers 2002, 50:123-132.
79. Ridout M.J., Parker M.L., Hedley C.L., Bogracheva T.Y., Morris V.J. Atomic force microscopy of pea starch granules: granule architecture of wild-type parent, r and rb single mutants, and the rrb double mutant. Carbohydrate Research 2003, 338:2135-2147.
80. Ridout M.J., Parker M.L., Hedley C.L., Bogracheva T.Y., Morris V.J. Atomic force microscopy of pea starch: granule architecture of the rug3-a, rug4-b, rug5-a and lam-c mutants. Carbohydrate Polymers 2006, 65:64-74.
81. Roduner E. Size matters: why nanomaterials are different. Chemical Society Reviews 2006, 35:583-592.
82. Roebben G., Rasmussen K., Kestens V., Linsinger T.P.J., Rauscher H., Emons H., et al. Reference materials and representative test materials: the nanotechnology case. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 2013, 15:1-13.
83. Rösler J., Bäker M., Harders H. Mechanical behaviour of engineering materials 2007, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.
84. Rossi M., Manno D., Orlanducci S., Serra A., Terranova M.L. Electron diffraction analysis of carbon-based nanomaterials. Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology 2011, Vol. 13:375-425.
85. Sahin O., Erina N. High-resolution and large dynamic range nanomechanical mapping in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Nanotechnology 2008, 19. 445717.
86. Sahin O., Magonov S., Su C., Quate C.F., Solgaard O. An atomic force microscope tip designed to measure time-varying nanomechanical forces. Nature Nanotechnology 2007, 2:507-514.
87. Sang X., Zheng L., Sun Q., Li N., Cui Y., Hu R., et al. The chronic spleen injury of mice following long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2012, 100:894-902.
88. Schmidt B., Petersen J.H., Bender Koch C., Plackett D., Johansen N.R., Katiyar V., et al. Combining asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with light-scattering and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection for characterization of nanoclay used in biopolymer nanocomposites. Food Additives and Contaminants 2009, 26:1619-1627.
89. Schwirn K., Tietjen L., Beer I. Why are nanomaterials different and how can they be appropriately regulated under REACH?. Environmental Sciences Europe 2014, 26:4.
90. Scramin J.A., de Britto D., Forato L.A., Bernardes-Filho R., Colnago L.A., Assis O.B.G. Characterisation of zeinoleic acid films and applications in fruit coating. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2011, 46:2145-2152.
91. Serra A., Manno D., Filippo E., Tepore A., Terranova M.L., Orlanducci S., et al. Photoconductivity of packed homotype bundles formed by aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nano Letters 2008, 8:968-971.
92. Sharma V., Park K., Srinivasarao M. Colloidal dispersion of gold nanorods: historical background, optical properties, seed-mediated synthesis, shape separation and self-assembly. Materials Science & Engineering R 2009, 65:1-38.
93. Sheen S., Bao G., Cooke P. Food surface texture measurement using reflective confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Food Science 2008, 73:E227-E234.
94. Ultrananocrystalline diamond: Synthesis, properties, and applications 2012, Elsevier. O.A. Shenderova, D.M. Gruen (Eds.).
95. Silvestre C., Duraccio D., Cimmino S. Food packaging based on polymer nanomaterials. Progress in Polymer Science 2011, 36:1766-1782.
96. Tamburri E., Guglielmotti V., Matassa R., Orlanducci S., Gay S., Reina G., et al. Detonation nanodiamonds taylor the structural order of PEDOT chains in conductive coating layers of hybrid nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2014, 2:3703-3716.
97. Tao Y., Endo M., Kaneko K. Recent progress on the synthesis and applications of carbon nanotubes. Handbook of innovative nanomaterials: From syntheses to applications 2012, 639-663. X. Fang, L. Wu (Eds.).
98. Tassinari R., Cubadda F., Moracci G., Aureli F., D'Amato M., Valeri M., et al. Oral, short-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rat: focus on reproductive and endocrine systems and spleen. Nanotoxicology 2014, 8:654-662.
99. Tatham A.S., Thomson N.H., McMaster T.J., Humphris A.D.L., Miles M.J., Shewry P.R. Scanning probe microscopy studies of cereal seed storage protein structures. Scanning 1999, 21:293-298.
100. Terranova M.L., Manno D., Rossi M., Serra A., Filippo E., Orlanducci S., et al. New developments in transmission electron microscopy for nanotechnology. Crystal Growth & Design 2009, 9:1245-1249.
101. Terranova M.L., Sessa V., Rossi M. The world of carbon nanotubes: an overview of CVD growth methodologies. Chemical Vapor Deposition 2006, 12:315-325.
102. Tiede K., Boxall A.B., Tear S.P., Lewis J., David H., Hassellov M. Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2008, 25:795-821.
103. Tinkle S., McNeil S.E., Mühlebach S., Bawa R., Borchard G., Barenholz Y., et al. Nanomedicines: addressing the scientific and regulatory gap. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2014, 1313:35-56.
104. Urban K.W. Electron microscopy: the challenges of graphene. Nature Materials 2011, 10:165-166.
105. van de Velde F., van Riel J., Tromp R.H. Visualisation of starch granule morphologies using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2002, 82:1528-1536.
106. Venema L.C., Wildöer J.W.G., Dekker C., Rinzler G.A., Smalley R.E. STM atomic resolution images of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Applied Physics A 1998, 66:S153-S155.
107. Wagner F.E., Haslbeck S., Stievano L., Calogero S., Pankhurst Q.A., Martinek K.-P. Before striking gold in gold-ruby glass. Nature 2000, 407:691-692.
108. Warner J.H., Young N.P., Kirkland A.I., Briggs G.A.D. Resolving strain in carbon nanotubes at the atomic level. Nature Materials 2011, 10:958-962.
109. Weiss J., Takhistov P., McClements D.J. Functional materials in food nanotechnology. Journal of Food Science 2006, 71:R107-R116.
110. Williams O.A., Douhéret O., Daenen M., Haenen K., Ōsawa E., Takahashi M. Enhanced diamond nucleation on monodispersed nanocrystalline diamond. Chemical Physics Letters 2007, 445:255-258.
111. Yang D., Ying Y. Applications of raman spectroscopy in agricultural products and food analysis: a review. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 2011, 46:539-560.
112. Yang H., Wang Y., Lai S., An H., Li Y., Chen F. Application of atomic force microscopy as a nanotechnology tool in food science. Journal of Food Science 2007, 72:R65-R75.
113. Yang Y., Rigdon W., Huang X., Li X. Enhancing graphene reinforcing potential in composites by hydrogen passivation induced dispersion. Scientific Reports 2013, 3:2086.
114. Zaman I., Manshoor B., Khalid A., Araby S. From clay to graphene for polymer nanocomposites-a survey. Journal of Polymer Research 2014, 21:429.
115. Zan R., Ramasse Q.M., Jalil R., Bangert U. Atomic structure of graphene and h-BN layers and their interactions with metals. Advances in graphene science 2013, 639-663. M. Aliofkhazraei (Ed.).
116. van der Zande M., Vandebriel R.J., Groot M.J., E.K., Herrera Rivera Z.E., Rasmussen K., Ossenkoppele J.S., et al. Sub-chronic toxicity study in rats orally exposed to nanostructured silica. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2014, 11:8.
117. van der Zande M., Vandebriel R.J., Van Doren E., Kramer E., Herrera Rivera Z., Serrano-Rojero C.S., et al. Distribution, elimination, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in rats after 28-day oral exposure. ACS Nano 2012, 28:7427-7442.
118. Zdunek A., Kurenda A. Determination of the elastic properties of tomato fruit cells with an atomic force microscope. Sensors 2013, 13:12175-12191.
119. Zhang J., Cui J., Xiao L., Wang Z. The combination ofatomic force microscopy and sugar analysis to evaluate alkali-soluble Canna edulis Ker pectin. Food Chemistry 2014, 156:64-71.
120. 2-induced reproductive system dysfunction and its mechanism in female mice. PLoS One 2013, 8:e59378.