메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 438-458

Vitamin D and Crohn's disease in the adult patient: A review

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Crohn's disease; disease activity index; Inflammatory bowel disease; vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTOR; VITAMIN;

EID: 84899559606     PISSN: 01486071     EISSN: 19412444     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0148607113506013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (278)
  • 1
    • 83755219473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review
    • Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 ; 142: 46-54
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142 , pp. 46-54
    • Molodecky, N.A.1    Soon, I.S.2    Rabi, D.M.3
  • 2
    • 2442563304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences
    • Loftus EV. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology. 2004 ; 126: 1504-1517
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 1504-1517
    • Loftus, E.V.1
  • 3
    • 33745775434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • DOI 10.1038/ncpgasthep0528, PII NCPGASTHEP0528
    • Sartor RB. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 ; 37: 390-407 (Pubitemid 44018812)
    • (2006) Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology and Hepatology , vol.3 , Issue.7 , pp. 390-407
    • Sartor, R.B.1
  • 5
    • 33744784615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D physiology
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016, PII S0079610706000083
    • Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 ; 92: 4-8 (Pubitemid 43831956)
    • (2006) Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-8
    • Lips, P.1
  • 6
    • 31344431851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.11.1057, PII S0190962205045962
    • Wolpowitz D, Gilchrest BA. The vitamin D questions: how much do you need and how should you get it. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 ; 54: 301-317 (Pubitemid 43144400)
    • (2006) Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-317
    • Wolpowitz, D.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 8
    • 0038300107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status and measurements of markers of bone metabolism in patients with small intestinal resection
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.52.5.653
    • Handerslev KV, Jeppersen PB, Sorensen HA, Mortensen PB, Staun M. Vitamin D status and measurements of markers of bone metabolism in patients with small intestinal resection. Gut. 2003 ; 52: 653-658 (Pubitemid 36528865)
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 653-658
    • Haderslev, K.V.1    Jeppesen, P.B.2    Sorensen, H.A.3    Mortensen, P.B.4    Staun, M.5
  • 10
    • 0031791737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulators of calcium homeostasis and bone mineral density in patients with Crohn's disease
    • DOI 10.1080/003655298750026804
    • Andreassen H, Rix M, Brot C, Eskildsen P. Regulators of calcium homeostasis and bone mineral density in patients with Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998 ; 33: 1087-1093 (Pubitemid 28505654)
    • (1998) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Andreassen, H.1    Rix, M.2    Brot, C.3    Eskildsen, P.4
  • 11
    • 0020385399 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency and bone disease in patients with Crohn's disease
    • Driscoll RH, Meredith SC, Sitrin M, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin D deficiency and bone disease in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 1982 ; 83: 1252-1258 (Pubitemid 13235925)
    • (1982) Gastroenterology , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 1252-1258
    • Driscoll Jr., R.H.1    Meredith, S.C.2    Sitrin, M.3    Rosenberg, I.H.4
  • 12
    • 24944512303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-hormone and the immune system
    • Cantorna MT, Mahon BD. D-hormone and the immune system. J Rheumatol. 2005 ; 76: S11 - S20
    • (2005) J Rheumatol , vol.76
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Mahon, B.D.2
  • 13
    • 10044281540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence
    • Cantorna MT, Mahon BD. Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004 ; 229: 1136-1142 (Pubitemid 39602256)
    • (2004) Experimental Biology and Medicine , vol.229 , Issue.11 , pp. 1136-1142
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Mahon, B.D.2
  • 14
    • 16544367410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system
    • Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 ; 80: S1717 - S1720
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Zhu, Y.2    Froicu, M.3    Wittke, A.4
  • 15
    • 84863988583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Vitamin D and inflammatory bowel disease-established concepts and future directions
    • Garg M, Lubel JS, Sparrow MP, Holt SG, Gibson PR. Review article: vitamin D and inflammatory bowel disease-established concepts and future directions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 ; 36: 324-344
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 324-344
    • Garg, M.1    Lubel, J.S.2    Sparrow, M.P.3    Holt, S.G.4    Gibson, P.R.5
  • 17
    • 77956885532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A CHIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: Association with disease and evolution
    • Ramagopalan SV, Heger A, Berlanga AJ, et al. A CHIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: association with disease and evolution. Genome Res. 2010 ; 20: 1352-1360
    • (2010) Genome Res , vol.20 , pp. 1352-1360
    • Ramagopalan, S.V.1    Heger, A.2    Berlanga, A.J.3
  • 19
    • 84874431238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) activity
    • Hassan V, Hassan S, Seyad-Javad P, et al. Association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) activity. Med J Malaysia. 2013 ; 68: 34-38
    • (2013) Med J Malaysia , vol.68 , pp. 34-38
    • Hassan, V.1    Hassan, S.2    Seyad-Javad, P.3
  • 20
    • 79960104336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline
    • Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 ; 96: 1911-1930
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 1911-1930
    • Holick, M.F.1    Binkley, N.C.2    Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.3
  • 21
    • 61349169039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPed up immunity: How antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defence
    • Lai Y, Gallo RL. AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defence. Trends Immunol. 2009 ; 30: 131-141
    • (2009) Trends Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 131-141
    • Lai, Y.1    Gallo, R.L.2
  • 22
    • 84899550297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VitaminDSociety June1 Available at Accessed June 10, 2013
    • VitaminDSociety. Grassroots health brochure. June1, 2011. Available at: http://www.vitamindsociety.org/pdf/ New%20D%20Action%20Call%20to%20action%20and%20FAQ%20sheet%20Jan%2011.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2013.
    • (2011) Grassroots Health Brochure
  • 23
    • 76749087084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12th ed. In: MahanLKEscott-StumpS, eds. Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:74-78. Mahan LK Escott-Stump S, ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier;
    • Gallagher ML Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. 12 th ed. In: MahanLKEscott-StumpS, eds. Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:74-78. Mahan LK Escott-Stump S, ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier ; 74-78.
    • Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy , pp. 74-78
    • Gallagher, M.L.1
  • 24
    • 49449114001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity
    • Jones G. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 ; 88: S582 - S586
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88
    • Jones, G.1
  • 25
    • 34447514029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency
    • Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007 ; 357: 266-281
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 266-281
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 26
    • 0036403421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylase enzymes of the vitamin D pathway: Expression, function, and regulation
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.120501.150216
    • Omdahl JL, Morris HA, May BK. Hydroxylase enzymes of the vitamin D pathway: expression, function, and regulation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002 ; 22: 139-166 (Pubitemid 35221457)
    • (2002) Annual Review of Nutrition , vol.22 , pp. 139-166
    • Omdahl, J.L.1    Morris, H.A.2    May, B.K.3
  • 28
    • 77954562871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: Modulation of innate and autoimmunity
    • Kamen DL. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2010 ; 88: 441-450
    • (2010) J Mol Med (Berl) , vol.88 , pp. 441-450
    • Kamen, D.L.1
  • 29
    • 35148837103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrarenal vitamin D hydroxylase expression and activity in normal and malignant cells: Modification of expression by epigenetic mechanisms and dietary substances
    • Cross HS. Extrarenal vitamin D hydroxylase expression and activity in normal and malignant cells: modification of expression by epigenetic mechanisms and dietary substances. Nutr Rev. 2007 ; 65: S108 - S112
    • (2007) Nutr Rev , vol.65
    • Cross, H.S.1
  • 30
    • 0015401959 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues
    • Mawer EB, Backhouse J, Holman CA, Lumb GA, Stanbury SW. The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues. Clin Sci. 1972 ; 43: 413-431
    • (1972) Clin Sci , vol.43 , pp. 413-431
    • Mawer, E.B.1    Backhouse, J.2    Holman, C.A.3    Lumb, G.A.4    Stanbury, S.W.5
  • 31
    • 79959490945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship
    • Powe CE, Ricciardi C, Berg AH, et al. Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 ; 26: 1609-1616
    • (2011) J Bone Miner Res , vol.26 , pp. 1609-1616
    • Powe, C.E.1    Ricciardi, C.2    Berg, A.H.3
  • 33
    • 78649697894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D disease and therapeutic opportunities
    • Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D disease and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 ; 9: 941-955
    • (2010) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.9 , pp. 941-955
    • Plum, L.A.1    Deluca, H.F.2
  • 35
    • 84865382853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on the vitamin D binding protein
    • Chun RF. New perspectives on the vitamin D binding protein. Cell Biochem Funct. 2012 ; 30: 445-456
    • (2012) Cell Biochem Funct , vol.30 , pp. 445-456
    • Chun, R.F.1
  • 36
    • 77951987784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D axis in the lung: A key role for vitamin D-binding protein
    • Chishimba L, Thickett DR, Stockely RA, Wood AM. The vitamin D axis in the lung: a key role for vitamin D-binding protein. Thorax. 2010 ; 65: 456-462
    • (2010) Thorax , vol.65 , pp. 456-462
    • Chishimba, L.1    Thickett, D.R.2    Stockely, R.A.3    Wood, A.M.4
  • 37
    • 77954907455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D-binding protein directs monocyte responses to 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
    • Chun RF, Lauridsen AL, Suon L, et al. Vitamin D-binding protein directs monocyte responses to 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 ; 95: 3376-3386
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 3376-3386
    • Chun, R.F.1    Lauridsen, A.L.2    Suon, L.3
  • 38
    • 33751099611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megalin-mediated endocytosis of vitamin D binding protein correlates with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol actions in human mammary cells
    • Rowling MJ, Kemmis CM, Taffany DA, Welsch J. Megalin-mediated protein correlates with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol actions in human mammary cells. J Nutr. 2006 ; 136: 2754-2759 (Pubitemid 44771769)
    • (2006) Journal of Nutrition , vol.136 , Issue.11 , pp. 2754-2759
    • Rowling, M.J.1    Kemmis, C.M.2    Taffany, D.A.3    Welsh, J.4
  • 41
    • 51349133126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back to the future: A new look at 'old' vitamin D
    • Chun RF, Adams JS, Hewison M. Back to the future: a new look at 'old' vitamin D. J Endocrinol. 2008 ; 198: 261-269
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.198 , pp. 261-269
    • Chun, R.F.1    Adams, J.S.2    Hewison, M.3
  • 42
    • 0027250858 scopus 로고
    • Affinity differences for vitamin D metabolites associated with the genetic isoforms of the human serum carrier protein (DBP)
    • Arnaud J, Constans J. Affinity differences for vitamin D metabolites associated with the genetic isoforms of the human serum carrier protein (DBP). Hum Genet. 1993 ; 92: 183-288
    • (1993) Hum Genet , vol.92 , pp. 183-288
    • Arnaud, J.1    Constans, J.2
  • 43
    • 27144450522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D are related to the phenotype of Gc (vitamin D-binding protein): A cross-sectional study on 595 - Early postmenopausal women
    • DOI 10.1007/s00223-004-0227-5
    • Lauridsen AL, Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Brot C, Heickendorff L, Mosekilde L, Nexo E. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are related to the phenotype of Gc (vitamin D-binding protein): a cross-sectional study on 595 early postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2005 ; 77: 15-22 (Pubitemid 41504168)
    • (2005) Calcified Tissue International , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Lauridsen, A.L.1    Vestergaard, P.2    Hermann, A.P.3    Brot, C.4    Heickendorff, L.5    Mosekilde, L.6    Nexo, E.7
  • 45
    • 81255171364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphisms and serum 25 (OH)D concentrations in a sample of young Canadian adults of different ancestry
    • Gozdzik A, Zhu J, Wong BY, Fu L, Cole DE, Parra EJ. Association of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphisms and serum 25 (OH)D concentrations in a sample of young Canadian adults of different ancestry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011 ; 127: 405-412
    • (2011) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.127 , pp. 405-412
    • Gozdzik, A.1    Zhu, J.2    Wong, B.Y.3    Fu, L.4    Cole, D.E.5    Parra, E.J.6
  • 46
    • 51649121378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in Hispanic and African Americans
    • Engelman CD, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, et al. Genetic and environmental determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in Hispanic and African Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 ; 93: 3381-3388
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 3381-3388
    • Engelman, C.D.1    Fingerlin, T.E.2    Langefeld, C.D.3
  • 47
    • 84856189776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D binding protein and monocyte response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: Analysis by mathematical modelling
    • Chun RF, Peercy BE, Adams JS, Hewison M. Vitamin D binding protein and monocyte response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: analysis by mathematical modelling. PLoS ONE. 2012 ; 7: e30773
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. 30773
    • Chun, R.F.1    Peercy, B.E.2    Adams, J.S.3    Hewison, M.4
  • 48
    • 79961234861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin-D related genetic variants, interactions with vitamin D exposure, and breast cancer risk among Caucasian women in Ontario
    • Anderson LN, Cotterchio M, Cole DE, Knight JA. Vitamin-D related genetic variants, interactions with vitamin D exposure, and breast cancer risk among Caucasian women in Ontario. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 ; 20: 1708-1717
    • (2011) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.20 , pp. 1708-1717
    • Anderson, L.N.1    Cotterchio, M.2    Cole, D.E.3    Knight, J.A.4
  • 49
    • 53349174521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gc2 allele of the vitamin D binding protein is associated with a decreased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, independent of the vitamin D status
    • Abbas S, Linseisen J, Slanger T, et al. The Gc2 allele of the vitamin D binding protein is associated with a decreased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, independent of the vitamin D status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 ; 17: 1339-1343
    • (2008) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.17 , pp. 1339-1343
    • Abbas, S.1    Linseisen, J.2    Slanger, T.3
  • 50
    • 79955680247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and risk of multiple sclerosis in Canadians
    • Orton SM, Ramagopalan SV, Para AE, et al. Vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and risk of multiple sclerosis in Canadians. J Neurol Sci. 2011 ; 305: 116-120
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.305 , pp. 116-120
    • Orton, S.M.1    Ramagopalan, S.V.2    Para, A.E.3
  • 51
    • 34548150136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and autoimmunity: New aetiological and therapeutic considerations
    • DOI 10.1136/ard.2007.069831
    • Arnson Y, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 ; 66: 1137-1142 (Pubitemid 47309727)
    • (2007) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1137-1142
    • Arnson, Y.1    Amital, H.2    Shoenfeld, Y.3
  • 52
    • 0031755168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D
    • Jones G, Strugnell SA, DeLuca HF. Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiol Rec. 1998 ; 78: 1193-1231 (Pubitemid 28491953)
    • (1998) Physiological Reviews , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 1193-1231
    • Jones, G.1    Strugnell, S.A.2    DeLuca, H.F.3
  • 53
    • 33751537194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Vitamin D receptor: New assignments for an already busy receptor
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2006-0946
    • Norman AW. Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. Endocrinology. 2006 ; 147: 5542-5548 (Pubitemid 44833469)
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , Issue.12 , pp. 5542-5548
    • Norman, A.W.1
  • 54
    • 82455162445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VDR activation of intracellular signalling pathways in skeletal muscle
    • Boland RL. VDR activation of intracellular signalling pathways in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 ; 347: 11-16
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.347 , pp. 11-16
    • Boland, R.L.1
  • 55
    • 0025237467 scopus 로고
    • A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    • Sone T, Marx SJ, Liberman UA, Pike JW. A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 ; 4: 623-631
    • (1990) Mol Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 623-631
    • Sone, T.1    Marx, S.J.2    Liberman, U.A.3    Pike, J.W.4
  • 56
    • 33746669941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.016, PII S0009898106001331
    • Valdvielso JM, Fernandez E. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 ; 371: 1-12 (Pubitemid 44162891)
    • (2006) Clinica Chimica Acta , vol.371 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-12
    • Valdivielso, J.M.1    Fernandez, E.2
  • 59
    • 0016258344 scopus 로고
    • The physiologic significance of plasma transport of vitamin D and metabolites
    • Belsey R, Clark MB, Bernat M, et al. The physiologic significance of plasma transport of vitamin D and metabolites. Am J Med. 1974 ; 57: 50-56
    • (1974) Am J Med , vol.57 , pp. 50-56
    • Belsey, R.1    Clark, M.B.2    Bernat, M.3
  • 60
    • 0015173335 scopus 로고
    • Competitive protein binding radioassay for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
    • Haddad JG, Chuy KJ. Competitive protein binding radioassay for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1971 ; 33: 992-995
    • (1971) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.33 , pp. 992-995
    • Haddad, J.G.1    Chuy, K.J.2
  • 61
    • 0025106095 scopus 로고
    • Methods for the determination of the circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
    • DOI 10.1016/0955-2863(90)90067-U
    • Chen TC, Turner AK, Holick MF. Methods for the determination of the circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Nutr Biochem. 1990 ; 1: 315-319 (Pubitemid 20246336)
    • (1990) Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , vol.1 , Issue.6 , pp. 315-319
    • Chen, T.C.1    Turner, A.K.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 62
    • 33746741731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets
    • DOI 10.1172/JCI29449
    • Holick MF. Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J Clin Invest. 2006 ; 116: 2062-2072 (Pubitemid 44162310)
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.116 , Issue.8 , pp. 2062-2072
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 63
    • 33644668623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health
    • Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 ; 81: 353-373 (Pubitemid 43334631)
    • (2006) Mayo Clinic Proceedings , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-373
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 64
    • 0002869763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DeGroot LJ Jameson JL, ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;
    • Bouillon R Endocrinology. DeGroot LJ Jameson JL, ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders ; 1009-1028.
    • Endocrinology , pp. 1009-1028
    • Bouillon, R.1
  • 66
    • 58949093000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status: Measurement, interpretation and clinical application
    • Holick MF. Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 ; 19: 73-78
    • (2009) Ann Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 73-78
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 68
    • 0032515764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining vitamin D insufficiency
    • Malabanan A, Veronikis IE, Holick MF. Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet. 1998 ; 351: 805-806 (Pubitemid 28112350)
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , Issue.9105 , pp. 805-806
    • Malabanan, A.1    Veronikis, I.E.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 69
    • 0035048979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.86.3.1212
    • Lips P, Duong T, Oleksik A, Black D, Cummings S, Cox D, Nickelsen T. A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenapausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 ; 86: 1212-1221 (Pubitemid 32323007)
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 1212-1221
    • Lips, P.1    Duong, T.2    Oleksik, A.3    Black, D.4    Cummings, S.5    Cox, D.6    Nickelsen, T.7
  • 73
    • 0036605934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01091-4, PII S0002934302010914
    • Tangpricha V, Pearce EN, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med. 2002 ; 112: 659-662 (Pubitemid 34597167)
    • (2002) American Journal of Medicine , vol.112 , Issue.8 , pp. 659-662
    • Tangpricha, V.1    Pearce, E.N.2    Chen, T.C.3    Holick, M.F.4
  • 74
    • 0029981853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly, institutionalized, vitamin D-deficient patients
    • Chapuy MC, Chapuy P, Thomas JL, Hazard MC, Meunier PJ. Biochemical effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly, institutionalized, vitamin D-deficient patients. Rev Rhum. 1996 ; 63: 135-140 (Pubitemid 26078662)
    • (1996) Revue du Rhumatisme (English Edition) , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Chapuy, M.-C.1    Chapuy, P.2    Thomas, J.-L.3    Hazard, M.-C.4    Meunier, P.-J.5
  • 75
    • 79956072608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The. 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D
    • Ross AC. The. 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Public Health Nutr. 2011 ; 14: 938-939
    • (2011) Public Health Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 938-939
    • Ross, A.C.1
  • 77
    • 77955708883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New pathophysiological insights and modern treatment of IBD
    • Engel MA, Neurath MF. New pathophysiological insights and modern treatment of IBD. J Gastroenterol. 2010 ; 45: 571-583
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 571-583
    • Engel, M.A.1    Neurath, M.F.2
  • 78
    • 0036142235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct inflammatory mechanisms mediate early versus late colitis in mice
    • Spencer DM, Veldman GM, Banerjee S, Willis J, Levine AD. Distinct inflammatory mechanisms mediate early versus late colitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002 ; 122: 94-105 (Pubitemid 34049199)
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-105
    • Spencer, D.M.1    Veldman, G.M.2    Banerjee, S.3    Willis, J.4    Levine, A.D.5
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0029130042 scopus 로고
    • Altered Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as assessed by quantitative reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
    • Neissner M, Volk BA. Altered Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as assessed by quantitative reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clin Exp Immunol. 1995 ; 101: 428-435
    • (1995) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 428-435
    • Neissner, M.1    Volk, B.A.2
  • 82
    • 0031984959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased intracellular Th1 cytokines in scid mice with inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<379::AID-IMMU379>3.0.CO;2- X
    • Bregenholt S, Claesson MH. Increased intracellular Th1 cytokine in SCID mice with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Immunol. 1998 ; 28: 379-389 (Pubitemid 28048308)
    • (1998) European Journal of Immunology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 379-389
    • Bregenholt, S.1    Claesson, M.H.2
  • 83
    • 33947597486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioecological control of inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.10.001, PII S0261561406001798
    • Bengmark S. Bioecological control of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nutr. 2007 ; 26: 169-181 (Pubitemid 46477826)
    • (2007) Clinical Nutrition , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-181
    • Bengmark, S.1
  • 84
    • 0037244895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-TNF therapy for Crohn's disease
    • DOI 10.2174/1381612033391982
    • D'Haens G. Anti-TNF therapy for Crohn's disease. Curr Pharma Design. 2003 ; 9: 289-294 (Pubitemid 36131723)
    • (2003) Current Pharmaceutical Design , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 289-294
    • D'Haens, G.1
  • 86
    • 0033818743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaks in the epithelial barrier caused by spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced single-cell apoptosis
    • Gitter AH, Bendfeldt K, Schulzke JD, Fromm M. Leaks in the epithelial barrier caused by spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced single-cell apoptosis. Faseb F. 2000 ; 14: 1749-1753
    • (2000) Faseb F , vol.14 , pp. 1749-1753
    • Gitter, A.H.1    Bendfeldt, K.2    Schulzke, J.D.3    Fromm, M.4
  • 87
    • 0022970442 scopus 로고
    • Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives: A possible etiologic factor
    • Hollander D, Vadheim CM, Brettholz E, Petersen GM, Delahunty T, Rotter JI. Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives. A possible etiologic factor. Ann Intern Med. 1986 ; 105: 883-885 (Pubitemid 17201765)
    • (1986) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 883-885
    • Hollander, D.1    Vadheim, C.M.2    Brettholz, E.3
  • 88
    • 68049130978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The T(reg)/Th17 cell balance: A new paradigm for autoimmunity
    • Einstein EM, Williams CB. The T(reg)/Th17 cell balance: a new paradigm for autoimmunity. Pediatr Res. 2009 ; 65: 26R - 31R
    • (2009) Pediatr Res , vol.65
    • Einstein, E.M.1    Williams, C.B.2
  • 89
    • 33646164439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the effector CD4 T-cell repertoire: The Th17 lineage
    • Harrington LE, Mangan PR, Weaver CT. Expanding the effector CD4 T-cell repertoire: the Th17 lineage. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006 ; 18: 349-356
    • (2006) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.18 , pp. 349-356
    • Harrington, L.E.1    Mangan, P.R.2    Weaver, C.T.3
  • 90
    • 33847206969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141557
    • Weaver CT, Hatton RD, Mangan PR, Harrington LE. IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007 ; 25: 821-852 (Pubitemid 46697925)
    • (2007) Annual Review of Immunology , vol.25 , pp. 821-852
    • Weaver, C.T.1    Hatton, R.D.2    Mangan, P.R.3    Harrington, L.E.4
  • 91
    • 32244442562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFβ in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells
    • DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001, PII S1074761306000045
    • Veldhoen M, Hocking RJ, Atkins CJ, Locksley RM, Stockinger B. TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Immunity. 2006 ; 24: 179-189 (Pubitemid 43214587)
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-189
    • Veldhoen, M.1    Hocking, R.J.2    Atkins, C.J.3    Locksley, R.M.4    Stockinger, B.5
  • 92
    • 60749107176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interleukin 23 receptor is essential for the terminal differentiation of interleukin-17 producing effector T helper cells in vivo
    • McGeachy MJ, Chen Y, Tato CM, et al. The interleukin 23 receptor is essential for the terminal differentiation of interleukin-17 producing effector T helper cells in vivo. Nat Immunol. 2009 ; 10: 314-324
    • (2009) Nat Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 314-324
    • McGeachy, M.J.1    Chen, Y.2    Tato, C.M.3
  • 99
    • 13944281011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of interleukin-12-related cytokine transcripts in inflammatory bowel disease: Elevated interleukin-23p19 and interleukin-27p28 in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis
    • DOI 10.1097/00054725-200501000-00003
    • Schmidt C, Giese T, Ludwig B, et al. Expression of interleukin-12-related cytokine transcripts in inflammatory bowel disease: elevated interleukin-23p19 and interleukin-27p28 Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 ; 11: 16-23 (Pubitemid 40340252)
    • (2005) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-23
    • Schmidt, C.1    Giese, T.2    Ludwig, B.3    Mueller-Molaian, I.4    Marth, T.5    Zeuzem, S.6    Meuer, S.C.7    Stallmach, A.8
  • 100
    • 33646397611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Il-23 is essential for T-cell mediated colitis and promotes inflammation via IL-17 and IL-6
    • Yen D, Cheung J, Scheerens H, et al. Il-23 is essential for T-cell mediated colitis and promotes inflammation via IL-17 and IL-6. J Clin Invest. 2006 ; 116: 1310-1316
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1310-1316
    • Yen, D.1    Cheung, J.2    Scheerens, H.3
  • 101
  • 102
    • 5644277476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.08.018, PII S1074761304002717
    • Kolls JK, Linden A. Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation. Immunity. 2004 ; 21: 467-476 (Pubitemid 39370503)
    • (2004) Immunity , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-476
    • Kolls, J.K.1    Linden, A.2
  • 104
    • 80054046948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D is required for IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial activity of human macrophages
    • Fabri M, Stenger S, Shin DM, et al. Vitamin D is required for IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial activity of human macrophages. Sci Transl Med. 2011 ; 3 (104). 104ra102
    • (2011) Sci Transl Med , vol.3 , Issue.104
    • Fabri, M.1    Stenger, S.2    Shin, D.M.3
  • 105
    • 0043270561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The targets of vitamin D depend on the differentiation and activation status of CD4 positive T cells
    • DOI 10.1002/jcb.10580
    • Mahon BD, Wittke A, Weaver V, Cantorna MT. The targets of vitamin D depend on the differentiation and activation status of CD4-positive T cells. J Cell Biochem. 2003 ; 89: 922-932 (Pubitemid 36927724)
    • (2003) Journal of Cellular Biochemistry , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 922-932
    • Mahon, B.D.1    Wittke, A.2    Weaver, V.3    Cantorna, M.T.4
  • 106
    • 0026565574 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the passive transfer of cellular immunity by a myelin basic protein-specific T cell clone
    • Lemire JM, Adams JS. Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the passive transfer of cellular immunity by a myelin basic protein-specific T cell clone. J Bone Miner Res. 1992 ; 7: 171-177
    • (1992) J Bone Miner Res , vol.7 , pp. 171-177
    • Lemire, J.M.1    Adams, J.S.2
  • 107
    • 0025732356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Lemire JM, Archer DC. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Clin Investig. 1991 ; 87: 1101-1107
    • (1991) J Clin Investig , vol.87 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Lemire, J.M.1    Archer, D.C.2
  • 108
    • 0026534793 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    • Lemire JM. Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem. 1992 ; 49: 26-31
    • (1992) J Cell Biochem , vol.49 , pp. 26-31
    • Lemire, J.M.1
  • 109
    • 0029018309 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Preferential inhibition of Th1 functions
    • Lemire JM, Archer DC, Beck L, Spiegelberg HL. Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions. J Nutr. 1995 ; 125: S1704 - S1708
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125
    • Lemire, J.M.1    Archer, D.C.2    Beck, L.3    Spiegelberg, H.L.4
  • 112
    • 84863116627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1
    • Zhang Y, Leung DY, Richers BN, et al. Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. J Immunol. 2012 ; 188: 2127-2135
    • (2012) J Immunol , vol.188 , pp. 2127-2135
    • Zhang, Y.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Richers, B.N.3
  • 113
    • 78651407519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lineage-specific effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) on the development of effector CD4 T cells
    • Palmer MT, Lee YK, Maynard CI, et al. Lineage-specific effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) on the development of effector CD4 T cells. J Biol Chem. 2011 ; 286: 997-1004
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 997-1004
    • Palmer, M.T.1    Lee, Y.K.2    Maynard, C.I.3
  • 114
    • 0346996879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Regulator T Cell Family: Distinct Subsets and their Interrelations
    • Jonuleit H, Schmitt E. The regulatory T cell family: distinct subsets and their interrelations. J Immunol. 2003 ; 171: 6323-6327 (Pubitemid 37532056)
    • (2003) Journal of Immunology , vol.171 , Issue.12 , pp. 6323-6327
    • Jonuleit, H.1    Schmitt, E.2
  • 116
    • 33744826596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and its role in immunology: Multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.020, PII S0079610706000034
    • Cantorna MT. Vitamin D and its role in immunology: multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 ; 92: 60-64 (Pubitemid 43831951)
    • (2006) Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-64
    • Cantorna, M.T.1
  • 118
    • 0033745125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorates symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease
    • Cantorna MT, Munsick C, Bemiss C, Mahon BD. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorates symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr. 2000 ; 130: 2648-2652
    • (2000) J Nutr , vol.130 , pp. 2648-2652
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Munsick, C.2    Bemiss, C.3    Mahon, B.D.4
  • 119
    • 0037098411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-2 is one of the targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the immune system
    • DOI 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00082-6, PII S0003986102000826
    • Bemiss CJ, Mahon BD, Henry A, Weaver V, Cantorna MT. Interleukin-2 is one of the targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 ; 402: 249-254 (Pubitemid 34848643)
    • (2002) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol.402 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-254
    • Bemiss, C.J.1    Mahon, B.D.2    Henry, A.3    Weaver, V.4    Cantorna, M.T.5
  • 120
    • 0027521572 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis
    • DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80068-P
    • Kuhn R, Lohler J, Rennick D, Rajewsky K, Muller W. Interleukin-10- deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell. 1993 ; 75: 263-274 (Pubitemid 23320290)
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-274
    • Kuhn, R.1    Lohler, J.2    Rennick, D.3    Rajewsky, K.4    Muller, W.5
  • 121
    • 0025732356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Narula SK, Cutler D, Grint P. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Clin Investig. 1998 ; 87: 1103-1107
    • (1998) J Clin Investig , vol.87 , pp. 1103-1107
    • Narula, S.K.1    Cutler, D.2    Grint, P.3
  • 124
    • 0032702846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary calcium is a major factor in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
    • Cantorna MT, Humpal-Winter J, DeLuca HF. Dietary calcium is a major factor in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Nutr. 1999 ; 129: 1966-1971 (Pubitemid 29506371)
    • (1999) Journal of Nutrition , vol.129 , Issue.11 , pp. 1966-1971
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Humpal-Winter, J.2    DeLuca, H.F.3
  • 126
    • 77958605267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the differentiation and migration of T(H)17 cells to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyeclitis
    • Chang JH, Cha HR, Lee DS, Seo KY, Kweon MN. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the differentiation and migration of T(H)17 cells to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyeclitis. PLoS ONE. 2010 ; 5: e12925
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. 12925
    • Chang, J.H.1    Cha, H.R.2    Lee, D.S.3    Seo, K.Y.4    Kweon, M.N.5
  • 127
    • 0035996446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in human corneal epithelial cells colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1711.80.4august.1.x
    • Xue ML, Zhu H, Thakur A, Willcox M. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in human corneal epithelial cells colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Immunol Cell Biol. 2002 ; 80: 340-345 (Pubitemid 34779691)
    • (2002) Immunology and Cell Biology , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-345
    • Xue, M.-L.1    Zhu, H.2    Thakur, A.3    Willcox, M.4
  • 128
    • 33947129240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th17 cells: An orphan with influence
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.icb.7100035, PII 7100035
    • Stockinger B. Th17 cells: an orphan with influence. Immunol Cell Biol. 2007 ; 85: 83-84 (Pubitemid 46398729)
    • (2007) Immunology and Cell Biology , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-84
    • Stockinger, B.1
  • 129
    • 77953938363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune modulatory treatment of TNBS colitis with calcitriol is associated with a change of a Th1/Th17 to a Th2 and regulatory T cell profile
    • Daniel C, Sartory NA, Zhan N, Radeke HH, Stein JM. Immune modulatory treatment of TNBS colitis with calcitriol is associated with a change of a Th1/Th17 to a Th2 and regulatory T cell profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 ;:
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther
    • Daniel, C.1    Sartory, N.A.2    Zhan, N.3    Radeke, H.H.4    Stein, J.M.5
  • 130
    • 53249123179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered endocrine and autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in a mouse model of gastrointestinal inflammation
    • Liu N, Nguyen L, Chun RF, et al. Altered endocrine and autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in a mouse model of gastrointestinal inflammation. Endocrinology. 2008 ; 149: 4799-4808
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 4799-4808
    • Liu, N.1    Nguyen, L.2    Chun, R.F.3
  • 131
    • 33847183077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence
    • Trinchieri G, Sher A. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 ; 7: 179-190
    • (2007) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 179-190
    • Trinchieri, G.1    Sher, A.2
  • 132
    • 35349016235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06246, PII NATURE06246
    • Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007 ; 449: 819-826 (Pubitemid 47598622)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , Issue.7164 , pp. 819-826
    • Medzhitov, R.1
  • 134
    • 0032482980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface
    • DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9541
    • Bals R, Wang X, Zasloff M, Wilson JM. The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 ; 95: 9541-9546 (Pubitemid 28506267)
    • (1998) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.95 , Issue.16 , pp. 9541-9546
    • Bals, R.1    Wang, X.2    Zasloff, M.3    Wilson, J.M.4
  • 137
    • 21744438757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3
    • DOI 10.1096/fj.04-3284com
    • Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Faseb J. 2005 ; 19: 1067-1077 (Pubitemid 40946432)
    • (2005) FASEB Journal , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 1067-1077
    • Gombart, A.F.1    Borregaard, N.2    Koeffler, H.P.3
  • 139
    • 33645224419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response
    • Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science. 2006 ; 311: 1770-1773
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1770-1773
    • Liu, P.T.1    Stenger, S.2    Li, H.3
  • 140
    • 0033624886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 in human skin equivalents
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009002097.x
    • Lehmann B, Rudolph T, Pietzsch J, Meurer M. Conversion of vitamin D3 to 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol. 2000 ; 9: 97-103 (Pubitemid 30192707)
    • (2000) Experimental Dermatology , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-103
    • Lehmann, B.1    Rudolph, T.2    Pietzsch, J.3    Meurer, M.4
  • 141
    • 61449181171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an autonomous regulator of the transcriptional changes leading to a tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype
    • Szeles L, Keresztes G, Torocsik D, et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an autonomous regulator of the transcriptional changes leading to a tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype. J Immunol. 2009 ; 182: 2074-2083
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.182 , pp. 2074-2083
    • Szeles, L.1    Keresztes, G.2    Torocsik, D.3
  • 143
    • 0023256844 scopus 로고
    • 3 metabolite, dihydroxycholecalciferol
    • Brennan A, Katz DR, Nunn JD, et al. Dendritic cells from human tissues express receptors for the immunoregulatory vitamin D3 metabolite, dihydroxycholecalciferol. Immunology. 1987 ; 61: 457-461 (Pubitemid 17127352)
    • (1987) Immunology , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-461
    • Brennan, A.1    Katz, D.R.2    Nunn, J.D.3
  • 144
    • 69949184887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D3 induces autophagy in human monocytes/macrophages via cathelicidin
    • Yuk JM, Shin DM, Lee HM, et al. Vitamin D3 induces autophagy in human monocytes/macrophages via cathelicidin. Cell Host Microbe. 2009 ; 6: 231-243
    • (2009) Cell Host Microbe , vol.6 , pp. 231-243
    • Yuk, J.M.1    Shin, D.M.2    Lee, H.M.3
  • 146
    • 0034161714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation
    • Penna G, Adorini L. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation. J Immunol. 2000 ; 164: 2405-2411 (Pubitemid 30115468)
    • (2000) Journal of Immunology , vol.164 , Issue.5 , pp. 2405-2411
    • Penna, G.1    Adorini, L.2
  • 148
    • 0034852081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes
    • Canning MO, Grotenhuis K, de Wit H, Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA. 1-alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitaimin D3 (1,25(OH)(2)(D3)) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001 ; 145: 351-357 (Pubitemid 32825669)
    • (2001) European Journal of Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-357
    • Canning, M.O.1    Grotenhuis, K.2    De Wit, H.3    Ruwholf, C.4    Drexhage, H.A.5
  • 150
    • 84899553123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking vitamin D deficiency to inflammatory bowel disease
    • Palmer MT, Weaver CT. Linking vitamin D deficiency to inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 ; 0: 1-12
    • (2013) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.0 , pp. 1-12
    • Palmer, M.T.1    Weaver, C.T.2
  • 151
    • 77958497213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heads up! How the intestinal epithelium safeguards mucosal barrier immunity through the inflammasome and beyond
    • Cario E. Heads up! How the intestinal epithelium safeguards mucosal barrier immunity through the inflammasome and beyond. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 ; 26: 583-590
    • (2010) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.26 , pp. 583-590
    • Cario, E.1
  • 152
    • 78650085568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function of the intestinal epithelium and its dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Henderson P, van Limbergen JE, Schwarze J, Wilson DC. Function of the intestinal epithelium and its dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 ; 17: 382-395
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 382-395
    • Henderson, P.1    Van Limbergen, J.E.2    Schwarze, J.3    Wilson, D.C.4
  • 153
    • 67249152713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial tight junctions in intestinal inflammation
    • Schulzke JD, Ploeger S, Amasheh M, et al. Epithelial tight junctions in intestinal inflammation. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2009 ; 1165: 294-300
    • (2009) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1165 , pp. 294-300
    • Schulzke, J.D.1    Ploeger, S.2    Amasheh, M.3
  • 155
    • 70649104669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of epithelial barrier function by the Crohn's disease associated gene protein tyrosine phosphatase n2
    • Scharl M, Paul G, Weber A, et al. Protection of epithelial barrier function by the Crohn's disease associated gene protein tyrosine phosphatase n2. Gastroenterology. 2009 ; 137: 2030-2040e5
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137
    • Scharl, M.1    Paul, G.2    Weber, A.3
  • 156
    • 80051483002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct and overlapping genetic loci in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Correlations with pathogenesis
    • Waterman M, Xu W, Stempak JM, et al. Distinct and overlapping genetic loci in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: correlations with pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 ; 17: 1936-1942
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1936-1942
    • Waterman, M.1    Xu, W.2    Stempak, J.M.3
  • 157
    • 0033851221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune diseases: A leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States
    • Walsh SJ, Rau LM. Autoimmune diseases: a leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2000 ; 90: 1463-1466
    • (2000) Am J Public Health , vol.90 , pp. 1463-1466
    • Walsh, S.J.1    Rau, L.M.2
  • 158
    • 0017138755 scopus 로고
    • The extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A study of 700 patients
    • Greenstein AJ, Janowitz HD, Sachar DB. The extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A study of 700 patients. Medicine. 1976 ; 55: 401-412
    • (1976) Medicine , vol.55 , pp. 401-412
    • Greenstein, A.J.1    Janowitz, H.D.2    Sachar, D.B.3
  • 160
    • 84899543260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: A population based study
    • Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 ; 10: 178-184
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.10 , pp. 178-184
    • Bernstein, C.N.1    Blanchard, J.F.2    Rawsthorne, P.3    Yu, N.4
  • 161
    • 60749113903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Williams H, Walker D, Orchard TR. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008 ; 10: 597-605
    • (2008) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.10 , pp. 597-605
    • Williams, H.1    Walker, D.2    Orchard, T.R.3
  • 162
    • 0017227303 scopus 로고
    • Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study
    • Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F. Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology. 1976 ; 70: 439-444
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.70 , pp. 439-444
    • Best, W.R.1    Becktel, J.M.2    Singleton, J.W.3    Kern, F.4
  • 163
    • 0019319257 scopus 로고
    • A simple index of Crohn's disease activity
    • Harvey R, Bradshaw J. A simple index of Crohn's disease activity. Lancet. 1980 ; 1: 514
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 514
    • Harvey, R.1    Bradshaw, J.2
  • 164
    • 0031781603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: Etiology and pathogenesis
    • Fiocci C. Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 1998 ; 115: 182-205
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 182-205
    • Fiocci, C.1
  • 165
    • 85047688069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: Progress and current concepts of ethiopathogenesis
    • Scaldaferri F, Fiocci C. Inflammatory bowel disease: Progress and current concepts of ethiopathogenesis. J Dig Dis. 2007 ; 8: 171-178
    • (2007) J Dig Dis , vol.8 , pp. 171-178
    • Scaldaferri, F.1    Fiocci, C.2
  • 166
    • 77949267597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of IBD
    • Mayer L. Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of IBD. J Gastroenterol. 2010 ; 45: 9-16
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 9-16
    • Mayer, L.1
  • 170
    • 33846627302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association variant for Crohn disease i ATG16L1
    • Hampe J, Franke A, Rosenstiel P, et al. A genome-wide association variant for Crohn disease I ATG16L1. Nat Genet. 2007 ; 39: 207-211
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 207-211
    • Hampe, J.1    Franke, A.2    Rosenstiel, P.3
  • 173
    • 0032198308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic Epidemiology in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Binder V. Genetic epidemiology in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis. 1998 ; 16: 351-355 (Pubitemid 128525942)
    • (1998) Digestive Diseases , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 351-355
    • Binder, V.1
  • 174
    • 0000628744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th ed.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. 1995:301-331. Kirsner JB Shorter RG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins;
    • Yang H, Rotter JI Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 4 th ed.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. 1995:301-331. Kirsner JB Shorter RG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins ; 301-331.
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease , pp. 301-331
    • Yang, H.1    Rotter, J.I.2
  • 175
    • 84899495355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins: Results of a nationwide study
    • Orholm M, Binder V, Sorensen TI, Rasmussen LP, Kvyvik KO. Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins: results of a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 ; 101: 993-1002
    • (2000) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 993-1002
    • Orholm, M.1    Binder, V.2    Sorensen, T.I.3    Rasmussen, L.P.4    Kvyvik, K.O.5
  • 176
    • 0023713859 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic and dizygotic twins: A study of heritability and the influence of smoking
    • Tysk C, Lindberg D, Jarnerot G, Floderus-Myrhed B. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic and dizygotic twins: a study of heritability and the influence of smoking. Gut. 1988 ; 29: 990-996
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 990-996
    • Tysk, C.1    Lindberg, D.2    Jarnerot, G.3    Floderus-Myrhed, B.4
  • 178
    • 0038620498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease in a Swedish twin cohort: A long- term follow-up of concordance and clinical characteristics
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00385-8
    • Halfvarson J, Bodin L, Tysk C, Lindberg E, Garnerot G. Inflammatory bowel disease in a Swedish twin cohort: a long-term follow-up of concordance in clinical characteristics. Gastroenterology. 2003 ; 124: 1767-1773 (Pubitemid 36666773)
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , Issue.7 , pp. 1767-1773
    • Halfvarson, J.1    Bodin, L.2    Tysk, C.3    Lindberg, E.4    Jarnerot, G.5
  • 179
    • 0035087887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and the course of Crohn's disease: An intervention study
    • Cosnes J, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, Gendre JP. Smoking cessation and the course of Crohn's disease: an intervention study. Gastroenterology. 2001 ; 120: 1093-1099 (Pubitemid 32246663)
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120 , Issue.5 , pp. 1093-1099
    • Cosnes, J.1    Beaugerie, L.2    Carbonnel, F.3    Gendre, J.-P.4
  • 182
    • 0031689619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendicectomy, childhood hygiene, Helicobacter pylori status, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A case control study
    • Duggan AE, Usmani I, Neal KR, Logan RF. Appendectomy, childhood hygiene, Helicobacter pylori status, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study. Gut. 1998 ; 43: 494-498 (Pubitemid 28462034)
    • (1998) Gut , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 494-498
    • Duggan, A.E.1    Usmani, I.2    Neal, K.R.3    Logan, R.F.A.4
  • 183
    • 50649119301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of oral contraceptives in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis
    • Cornish JA, Tan E, Simillis C, Clark SK, Teare J, Tekkis PP. The risk of oral contraceptives in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 ; 103: 2394-2400
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 2394-2400
    • Cornish, J.A.1    Tan, E.2    Simillis, C.3    Clark, S.K.4    Teare, J.5    Tekkis, P.P.6
  • 184
    • 15444371238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis
    • Klement E, Cohen RV, Boxman J, Joseph A, Reif S. Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 ; 80: 1342-1352
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 1342-1352
    • Klement, E.1    Cohen, R.V.2    Boxman, J.3    Joseph, A.4    Reif, S.5
  • 185
    • 1642492954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.2003.025239
    • Card T, Logan RFA, Rodrigues LC. Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease. Gut. 2004 ; 53: 246-250 (Pubitemid 38125513)
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-250
    • Card, T.1    Logan, R.F.A.2    Rodrigues, L.C.3    Wheeler, J.G.4
  • 187
    • 79953773560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of the literature
    • Hou JK, Abraham B, El-Serag H. Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 ; 106: 563-573
    • (2011) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.106 , pp. 563-573
    • Hou, J.K.1    Abraham, B.2    El-Serag, H.3
  • 189
    • 4544377186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is rising and abdominal tuberculosis is falling in Bangladeshis in East London, United Kingdom
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30445.x
    • Tsironi E, Feakins RM, Roberts CSJ, Rampton DS. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is rising and abdominal tuberculosis is falling in Bangladesh in East London, United Kingdom. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 ; 99: 1749-1755 (Pubitemid 39237504)
    • (2004) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.99 , Issue.9 , pp. 1749-1755
    • Tsironi, E.1    Feakins, R.M.2    Roberts, C.S.J.3    Rampton, D.S.4
  • 190
    • 50249143099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of a modern lifestyle: Reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Bernstein CN, Shanahan F. Disorders of a modern lifestyle: reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut. 2008 ; 57: 1185-1191
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1185-1191
    • Bernstein, C.N.1    Shanahan, F.2
  • 191
    • 59249106391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding and genetic factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease in children
    • Mikhailov TA, Furner SE. Breastfeeding and genetic factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease in children. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 ; 15: 270-279
    • (2009) World J Gastroenterol , vol.15 , pp. 270-279
    • Mikhailov, T.A.1    Furner, S.E.2
  • 192
    • 77956289509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Australia: A prospective population-based Australian incidence study
    • Wilson J, Hair C, Knight R, et al. High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Australia: a prospective population-based Australian incidence study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 ; 16: 1550-1556
    • (2010) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.16 , pp. 1550-1556
    • Wilson, J.1    Hair, C.2    Knight, R.3
  • 193
    • 79955561083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Cosnes J, Gower-Rousseau C, Seksik P, Cortot A. Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2011 ; 140: 1785-1794
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1785-1794
    • Cosnes, J.1    Gower-Rousseau, C.2    Seksik, P.3    Cortot, A.4
  • 194
    • 78651324919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Around the world: Comparing the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: Proceedings of the World Digestive Health Day. 2010 - Inflammatory bowel disease task force meeting
    • Baumgart DC, Bernstein CN, Abbas Z, et al. Around the world: comparing the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: proceedings of the World Digestive Health Day. 2010 - inflammatory bowel disease task force meeting. Inflam Bowel Dis. 2011 ; 17: 639-644
    • (2011) Inflam Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 639-644
    • Baumgart, D.C.1    Bernstein, C.N.2    Abbas, Z.3
  • 196
    • 0030451868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: Is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European collaborative study on inflammatory bowel disease (EC-IBD)
    • Shivananda S, Lennard-Jones J, Logan R, et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD). Gut. 1996 ; 39: 690-697 (Pubitemid 26426470)
    • (1996) Gut , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 690-697
    • Shivananda, S.1    Lennard-Jones, J.2    Logan, R.3    Fear, N.4    Price, A.5    Carpenter, L.6    Van Blankenstein, M.7
  • 197
    • 84868710948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among US women
    • Khalili H, Huang ES, Ananthakrishnan AN, et al. Geographical variation and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among US women. Gut. 2012 ; 12: 1686-1692
    • (2012) Gut , vol.12 , pp. 1686-1692
    • Khalili, H.1    Huang, E.S.2    Ananthakrishnan, A.N.3
  • 198
    • 79952792088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn's disease
    • Nerich V, Jantchou P, Boutron-Ruault MC, et al. Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 ; 33: 940-945
    • (2011) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.33 , pp. 940-945
    • Nerich, V.1    Jantchou, P.2    Boutron-Ruault, M.C.3
  • 199
    • 0032820842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of migration on ulcerative colitis: A three-year prospective study among Europeans and first- and second-generation South Asians in Leicester (1991-1994)
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9270(99)00494-3, PII S0002927099004943
    • Carr I, Mayberry JF. The effects of migration on ulcerative colitis: a three-year prospective study among Europeans and first- and second-generation South Asians in Leicester (1991-1994). Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 ; 94: 2918-2922 (Pubitemid 29482758)
    • (1999) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.94 , Issue.10 , pp. 2918-2922
    • Carr, I.1    Mayberry, J.F.2
  • 200
    • 0029935218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the onset of ulcerative colitis
    • Moum B, Aadland E, Ekbom A, Vatn MH. Seasonal variations in the onset of ulcerative colitis. Gut. 1996 ; 38: 376-378 (Pubitemid 26074317)
    • (1996) Gut , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 376-378
    • Moum, B.1    Aadland, E.2    Ekbom, A.3    Vatn, M.H.4
  • 204
    • 77957373318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micronutrients and the immune system. Mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D on the immune system
    • Cantorna MT. Micronutrients and the immune system. Mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D on the immune system. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 ; 69: 286-289
    • (2010) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.69 , pp. 286-289
    • Cantorna, M.T.1
  • 205
    • 44949174796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status and bone density in recently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01753.x
    • Leslie WD, Miller N, Rogala L, Bernstein CN. Vitamin D status and bone mineral density in recently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: the Manitoba IBD Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 ; 103: 1451-1459 (Pubitemid 351813899)
    • (2008) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 1451-1459
    • Leslie, W.D.1    Miller, N.2    Rogala, L.3    Bernstein, C.N.4
  • 206
    • 0030022572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Silvennoinen J. Relationships between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease. J Intern Med. 1996 ; 239: 131-137 (Pubitemid 26043148)
    • (1996) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.239 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-137
    • Silvennoinen, J.1
  • 210
    • 79952451143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Levin AD, Wadhera V, Leach ST, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 ; 56: 830-836
    • (2011) Dig Dis Sci , vol.56 , pp. 830-836
    • Levin, A.D.1    Wadhera, V.2    Leach, S.T.3
  • 211
    • 0036152950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1080/003655202753416876
    • Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, Aadland E. Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002 ; 37: 192-199 (Pubitemid 34102257)
    • (2002) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-199
    • Jahnsen, J.1    Falch, J.A.2    Mowinckel, P.3    Aadland, E.4
  • 212
    • 0029131603 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of bone mineral loss in patients with Crohn's disease by long-term oral vitamin D supplementation
    • Vogelsang H, Ferenci P, Resch H, Kiss A, Gangl A. Prevention of bone mineral loss in patients with Crohn's disease by long-term oral vitamin D supplementation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995 ; 7: 609-614
    • (1995) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 609-614
    • Vogelsang, H.1    Ferenci, P.2    Resch, H.3    Kiss, A.4    Gangl, A.5
  • 214
    • 0025950887 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with both Crohn's disease and intestinal resection
    • Leichtmann GA, Bengoa JM, Bolt MJ, Sitrin MD. Intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with both Crohn's disease and intestinal resection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 ; 51: 548-552 (Pubitemid 21898967)
    • (1991) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 548-552
    • Leichtmann, G.A.1    Bengoa, J.M.2    Bolt, M.J.G.3    Sitrin, M.D.4
  • 216
    • 33745217611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug-induced osteomalacia
    • Zhou C, Assem M, Tay JC, et al. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug-induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest. 2006 ; 116: 1703-1712
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1703-1712
    • Zhou, C.1    Assem, M.2    Tay, J.C.3
  • 217
    • 33745698851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of vitamin D status in adult Crohn's disease patients, with particular emphasis on supplemental vitamin D use
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602395, PII 1602395
    • Gilman J, Shanahan F, Cashman KD. Determinants of vitamin D status in adult Crohn's disease patients, with particular emphasis on supplemental vitamin D use. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 ; 60: 889-896 (Pubitemid 43997702)
    • (2006) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 889-896
    • Gilman, J.1    Shanahan, F.2    Cashman, K.D.3
  • 218
    • 33645045895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered levels of biochemical indices of bone turnover and bone-related vitamins in patients with Crohn's disease
    • Gilman J, Shanahan F, Cashman K. Altered levels of biochemical indices of bone turnover and bone-related vitamins in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 ; 23: 1107-1116
    • (2006) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 1107-1116
    • Gilman, J.1    Shanahan, F.2    Cashman, K.3
  • 219
    • 84875551563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in a multicultural inflammatory bowel disease cohort
    • Chatu S, Chhaya V, Holmes R, et al. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in a multicultural inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2013 ; 4: 51-56
    • (2013) Frontline Gastroenterol , vol.4 , pp. 51-56
    • Chatu, S.1    Chhaya, V.2    Holmes, R.3
  • 220
    • 80052722429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a novel vitamin D bioavailability test demonstrates that vitamin D absorption is decreased in patients with quiescent Crohn's disease
    • Farraye FA, Nimitphong H, Stucci A, et al. Use of a novel vitamin D bioavailability test demonstrates that vitamin D absorption is decreased in patients with quiescent Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 ; 17: 2116-2121
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 2116-2121
    • Farraye, F.A.1    Nimitphong, H.2    Stucci, A.3
  • 221
    • 84875344444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition management in the adult patient with Crohn's disease
    • Basson A. Nutrition management in the adult patient with Crohn's disease. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2012 ; 25: 164-172
    • (2012) S Afr J Clin Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 164-172
    • Basson, A.1
  • 226
    • 0024468883 scopus 로고
    • Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet
    • Holick MF, Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J. Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet (letter). Lancet. 1989 ; 2: 1104-1105 (Pubitemid 19264108)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8671 , pp. 1104-1105
    • Holick, M.F.1    Matsuoka, L.Y.2    Wortsman, J.3
  • 228
    • 79958822466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of vitamin D status: Focus on genetic variations
    • Berry D, Hypponen E. Determinants of vitamin D status: focus on genetic variations. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2011 ; 20: 331-336
    • (2011) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 331-336
    • Berry, D.1    Hypponen, E.2
  • 229
    • 77955052903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: A genome-wide association study
    • Wang TJ, Zhang F, Richards JB, et al. Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study. Lancet. 2010 ; 376: 180-188
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 180-188
    • Wang, T.J.1    Zhang, F.2    Richards, J.B.3
  • 231
    • 2942715412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community dwelling residents: A pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study
    • DOI 10.1359/JBMR.0301240
    • Larsen ER, Mosekilde I, Foldspang A. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community dwelling residents: a pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 ; 19: 370-378 (Pubitemid 38787391)
    • (2004) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 370-378
    • Larsen, E.R.1    Mosekilde, L.2    Foldspang, A.3
  • 233
    • 42549168550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: Basic and clinical concepts
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.2006.117382
    • Tilg H, Moschen AR, Kaser A, Pines A, Dotan I. Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts. Gut. 2008 ; 57: 684-694 (Pubitemid 351579985)
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 684-694
    • Tilg, H.1    Moschen, A.R.2    Kaser, A.3    Pines, A.4    Dotan, I.5
  • 234
    • 3042590479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women
    • Bhottoa HP, Bettembuk P, Ganacharya S, Balogh A. Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women. Osteoporos Int. 2004 ; 15: 447-451 (Pubitemid 38843172)
    • (2004) Osteoporosis International , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 447-451
    • Bhattoa, H.P.1    Bettembuk, P.2    Ganacharya, S.3    Balogh, A.4
  • 235
    • 1842828974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: A population-based study of younger and older adults
    • DOI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.029, PII S0002934304000786
    • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Positive association between 25-hydrozy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med. 2004 ; 116: 634-639 (Pubitemid 38490539)
    • (2004) American Journal of Medicine , vol.116 , Issue.9 , pp. 634-639
    • Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.1    Dietrich, T.2    Orav, E.J.3    Dawson-Hughes, B.4
  • 237
    • 0036252521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone mineral density among UK resident Indo-Asians
    • DOI 10.1136/ard.61.5.456
    • Serhan E, Holland MR. Relationship of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone mineral density among UK resident Indo-Asians. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 ; 61: 456-458 (Pubitemid 34496827)
    • (2002) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 456-458
    • Serhan, E.1    Holland, M.R.2
  • 239
    • 0033979309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease: There is a difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00582.x
    • Ardizzone S, Bollani S, Betticia P, Bevilacqua M, Molteni P, Bianchi Porro G. Altered bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease: there is a difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Intern Med. 2000 ; 247: 63-70 (Pubitemid 30073165)
    • (2000) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.247 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-70
    • Ardizzone, S.1    Bollani, S.2    Bettica, P.3    Bevilacqua, M.4    Molteni, P.5    Porro, G.B.6
  • 240
    • 0021134552 scopus 로고
    • Osteopenia with normal vitamin D metabolites after small-bowel resection for Crohn's disease
    • Hessov I, Mosekilde L, Melsen F, et al. Osteopenia with normal vitamin D metabolites after a small-bowel resection for Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1984 ; 19: 691-696 (Pubitemid 14054288)
    • (1984) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 691-696
    • Hessov, I.1    Mosekilde, L.2    Melsen, F.3
  • 241
    • 0347694844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of calcium with vitamin D, alone or in combination with intravenous pamidronate, for the treatment of low bone mineral density associated with Crohn's disease
    • Bartram SA, Peaston RT, Rawlings DJ, Francis RM, Thompson NP. A randomized controlled trial of calcium with vitamin D, alone or in combination with intravenous pamidronate, for the treatment of low bone mineral density associated with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 ; 18: 121-127
    • (2003) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 121-127
    • Bartram, S.A.1    Peaston, R.T.2    Rawlings, D.J.3    Francis, R.M.4    Thompson, N.P.5
  • 245
    • 0022387298 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status in Crohn's disease: Association with nutrition and disease activity
    • Harries AD, Brown R, Heatley RV, Williams LA, Woodhead S, Rhodes J. Vitamin D status in Crohn's disease: association with nutrition and disease activity. Gut. 1985 ; 26: 1187-1203
    • (1985) Gut , vol.26 , pp. 1187-1203
    • Harries, A.D.1    Brown, R.2    Heatley, R.V.3    Williams, L.A.4    Woodhead, S.5    Rhodes, J.6
  • 246
    • 70349538695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25(OH) vitamin D level in Crohn's disease: Association with sun exposure and disease activity
    • Joseph AJ, George B, Pulimood AB, Seshadri MS, Chacko A. 25(OH) vitamin D level in Crohn's disease: association with sun exposure and disease activity. Indian J Med Res. 2009 ; 130: 133-137
    • (2009) Indian J Med Res , vol.130 , pp. 133-137
    • Joseph, A.J.1    George, B.2    Pulimood, A.B.3    Seshadri, M.S.4    Chacko, A.5
  • 248
    • 0029775580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire: A quality of life instrument for community physicians managing inflammatory bowel disease
    • Irvine EJ, Zhou Q, Thompson AK. The short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire: a quality of life instrument for community physicians managing inflammatory bowel disease. CCRPT Investigators. Canadian Crohn's Relapse Prevention Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 ; 91: 1571-1578 (Pubitemid 26269173)
    • (1996) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.91 , Issue.8 , pp. 1571-1578
    • Irvine, E.J.1    Zhou, Q.2    Thompson, A.K.3
  • 249
    • 84899522733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn's disease
    • Ananthakrishnan AN, Cagan A, Gainer VS, et al. Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 ; 0: 1-7
    • (2013) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.0 , pp. 1-7
    • Ananthakrishnan, A.N.1    Cagan, A.2    Gainer, V.S.3
  • 250
    • 0023092594 scopus 로고
    • A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
    • Charlson ME, Pompi P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987 ; 40: 373-383 (Pubitemid 17055592)
    • (1987) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 373-383
    • Charlson, M.E.1    Pompei, P.2    Ales, K.A.3    MacKenzie, C.R.4
  • 251
    • 79953036669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The. 2011 dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D: What dietetics professionals need to know
    • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The. 2011 dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D: what dietetics professionals need to know. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 ; 111: 524-527
    • (2011) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.111 , pp. 524-527
    • Ross, A.C.1    Manson, J.E.2    Abrams, S.A.3
  • 252
    • 78650886291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The. 2011 dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D: What clinicians need to know
    • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The. 2011 dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 ; 96: 53-58
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 53-58
    • Ross, A.C.1    Manson, J.E.2    Abrams, S.A.3
  • 254
    • 76449115194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D
    • Mithal A, Wahl A, Bonhour JP, et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis Int. 2009 ; 20: 1807-1820
    • (2009) Osteoporosis Int , vol.20 , pp. 1807-1820
    • Mithal, A.1    Wahl, A.2    Bonhour, J.P.3
  • 255
    • 77749301580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The same annual dose of 292,000IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) on either daily or four monthly basis for elderly women: 1-year comparative study of the effects on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and renal function
    • Pekkarinen T, Valimaki VV, Aarum S, et al. The same annual dose of 292,000IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) on either daily or four monthly basis for elderly women: 1-year comparative study of the effects on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and renal function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010 ; 72: 455-461
    • (2010) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.72 , pp. 455-461
    • Pekkarinen, T.1    Valimaki, V.V.2    Aarum, S.3
  • 256
    • 0029017882 scopus 로고
    • Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe
    • Van der Wielen RP, Lowik MRH, van den berg H, et al. Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet. 1995 ; 346: 207-210
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 207-210
    • Van Der Wielen, R.P.1    Lowik, M.R.H.2    Van Den Berg, H.3
  • 258
    • 0033542398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypovitaminosis in a sunny country
    • El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Deeb M. Hypovitaminosis in a sunny country. N Engl J Med. 1999 ; 340: 1840-1841
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1840-1841
    • El-Hajj Fuleihan, G.1    Deeb, M.2
  • 260
    • 0029885950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency in veiled Kuwaiti women
    • El Sonbaty MR, AbdulGhaffer NU. Vitamin D deficiency in veiled Kuwaiti women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 ; 50: 315-318
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.50 , pp. 315-318
    • El Sonbaty, M.R.1    Abdulghaffer, N.U.2
  • 261
    • 0019367350 scopus 로고
    • 3 photosynthesis in man: Skin pigment is not an essential regulator
    • Holick MF, Maclaughlin JA, Doppelt SH. Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D3 photosynthesis in man-skin pigment is not an essential regulator. Science. 1981 ; 211: 590-593 (Pubitemid 11188172)
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , Issue.4482 , pp. 590-593
    • Holick, M.F.1    MacLaughlin, J.A.2    Doppelt, S.H.3
  • 262
    • 0020040970 scopus 로고
    • 3
    • Clemens TL, Adams JS, Henderson SL, Holick MF. Increased skin pigmentation reduces the capacity of skin to synthesize vitamin D3. Lancet. 1982 ; 1: 74-76 (Pubitemid 12248649)
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8263 , pp. 74-76
    • Clemens, T.L.1    Adams, J.S.2    Henderson, S.L.3    Holick, M.F.4
  • 264
    • 40449125848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status of apparently healthy schoolgirls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi: Relation to nutrition and lifestyle
    • DOI 10.1017/S0007114507831758, PII S0007114507831758
    • Puri S, Marwaha RK, Agarwal N, et al. Vitamin D status of apparently healthy schoolgirls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi: relation to nutrition and lifestyle. Br J Nutr. 2008 ; 99: 876-882 (Pubitemid 351351644)
    • (2008) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 876-882
    • Puri, S.1    Marwaha, R.K.2    Agarwal, N.3    Tandon, N.4    Agarwal, R.5    Grewal, K.6    Reddy, D.H.K.7    Singh, S.8
  • 267
    • 77954324863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: Vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn's disease- A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study
    • Jorgensen SP, Agnholt J, Glerup H, et al. Clinical trial: vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn's disease- a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 ; 32: 377-383
    • (2010) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.32 , pp. 377-383
    • Jorgensen, S.P.1    Agnholt, J.2    Glerup, H.3
  • 272
    • 79953874315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol dosing, 1,600IU daily or 50,000IU monthly in older adults
    • Binkley N, Gemar D, Engelke J, et al. Evaluation of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol dosing, 1,600IU daily or 50,000IU monthly in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 ; 96: 981-988
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 981-988
    • Binkley, N.1    Gemar, D.2    Engelke, J.3
  • 273
    • 72549086964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 25 hydroxyvitamin D on bone pathophysiology and disease activity in Crohn's disease
    • Miheller P, Muzes G, Hritz I, et al. Comparison of the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 25 hydroxyvitamin D on bone pathophysiology and disease activity in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 ; 15: 1656-1662
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 1656-1662
    • Miheller, P.1    Muzes, G.2    Hritz, I.3
  • 274
    • 77955651358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral continuous low-dose versus short-term high-dose vitamin D: A prospective randomized trial conducted in a clinical setting
    • Hackman KL, Gagnon C, Briscoe RK, Lam S, Anpalahan M, Ebeling PR. Efficacy and safety of oral continuous low-dose versus short-term high-dose vitamin D: a prospective randomized trial conducted in a clinical setting. Med J Aust. 2010 ; 192: 686-689
    • (2010) Med J Aust , vol.192 , pp. 686-689
    • Hackman, K.L.1    Gagnon, C.2    Briscoe, R.K.3    Lam, S.4    Anpalahan, M.5    Ebeling, P.R.6
  • 275
    • 84865439278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Agriculture Available at Accessed June 2013
    • US Department of Agriculture. Dietary reference intakes: recommended intakes for individuals. 2010. Available at: http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary- guidance/dietary-reference-intakes/dri-tables. Accessed June 2013.
    • (2010) Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals
  • 277
    • 84858038425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D supplementation: Guidelines and evidence for subclinical deficiency
    • Pramyothin P, Holick MF. Vitamin D supplementation: guidelines and evidence for subclinical deficiency. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012 ; 28: 139-150
    • (2012) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.28 , pp. 139-150
    • Pramyothin, P.1    Holick, M.F.2
  • 278
    • 73649121302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D metabolism and action in human bone marrow stromal cells
    • Zhou S, LeBoff MS, Glowacki J. Vitamin D metabolism and action in human bone marrow stromal cells. Endocrinology. 2010 ; 151: 14-22
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 14-22
    • Zhou, S.1    Leboff, M.S.2    Glowacki, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.