Food Allergens

Food Biochemistry and Food Processing: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 798-819

  Boye, J I ^a   Danquah, A O ^b   Lam Thang, Cin ^c   Zhao, X ^c  

^a FOOD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anaphylactoid responses, non immunologic chemical mediators; Delayed hypersensitivity reactions; DNA based food allergen detection methods; Food allergens, and food allergy management; Food allergy, immunological reaction; Food hypersensitivity; Food value chain, allergen management; Immediate hypersensitivity; Major milk allergens; Metabolic food disorders, and genetic deficiencies

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886189267     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118308035.ch42     Document Type: Chapter

References (219)

1. AabinBet al. 1996. Identification of IgE-binding eggwhite proteins: comparison of results obtained by different methods. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 109(1): 50-57.
2. Allergyexpert. Available at www.allergyexpert.com. Accessed on March 3, 2010.
3. Alomirah HF et al. 2000. Applications of mass spectrometry to food proteins and peptides. J Chromatogr A 893: 1-21.
4. Anderson JA. 1986. The establishment of common language concerning adverse reactions to food and food additives. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78(1): 140-143.
5. Anderson JW. 2008. Beneficial effects of soy protein consumption for renal function. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 17(Suppl 1): 324-328.
6. Anderson RP et al. 2000. In vivo antigen challenge in celiac disease identifies a single transglutaminase-modified peptide as the dominant A-gliadin T-cell epitope. Nature Med 6(3): 337-342.
7. Arede A et al. 2000. Food allergy pattern in children from Southern Europe. Allergy 55(63): 52-57.
8. Awazuhara H et al. 1998. Antigenicity of the proteins in soy lecithin and soy oil in soybean allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 28(12): 1559-1569.
9. Ballmer-Weber BK et al. 2007. Clinical characteristics of soybean allergy in Europe: a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119(6): 1489-1496.
10. Baur X et al. 1996. Characterization of soybean allergens causing sensitization of occupationally exposed bakers. Allergy 51(5): 326-330.
11. Beaudouin E et al. 2006. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis -update and current data. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 38(2): 45-51.
12. Becker W et al. 2004. Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the commission relating to the evaluation of allergenic foods for labelling purposes (Request nr EFSA-Q-2003-016). Eur Food Saf Authority J 32: 1-197.
13. Besler M. 2001. Determination of allergens in foods. Trends Anal Chem 20: 662-672.
14. Besler M et al. 2002a. Allergen data collection: goat's milk (Capra spp.). Available at www.food-allergens.de/. Internet Symp Food Allergens 4(2): 119-124.
15. Besler M et al. 2002b. Determination of hidden allergens in foods by immunoassays. Available at www.food-allergens.de/. Internet Symp Food Allergens 4(1): 1-18.
16. Beyer K et al. 2001. Effects of cooking methods on peanut allergenicity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107: 1077-1081.
17. Beyer K et al. 2002. Identification of sesame seed allergens by 2-dimensional proteomics and Edman sequencing: seed storage proteins as common food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110: 154-159.
18. Bindslev-Jensen C et al. 2002. Can we determine a threshold level for allergenic foods by statistical analysis of published data in the literature? Allergy 57: 741-746.
19. Blais BW, Phillippe LM. 2000. Acloth-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of peanut proteins in foods. Food Agric Immunol 12: 243-248.
20. Blumchen K et al. 2008. Rush specific oral tolerance induction in peanut allergic patients with high risk of anaphylactic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121(2): S136.
21. Bock T. 2008. What are the symptoms of mustard allergy. Available at http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Are-the-Symptomsof-Mustard-Allergy?andid=1682496. Accessed on March 2, 2010.
22. Bonomi F et al. 2003. Reduction of immunoreactivity of bovine â-lactoglobulin upon combined physical and proteolytic treatment. J Dairy Res 70: 51-59.
23. Boye JI et al. 2010. Processing foods without soybean ingredients. In: JI Boye, S Godefroy (eds.) Allergen Management in the Food Industry, Chapter 13. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
24. Boza JJ et al. 1994. Nutritional value and antigenicity of two milk protein hydrolysates in rats and guinea pigs. J Nutr 124: 1978-1986.
25. Breeding CJ, Beyer RS. 2000. Eggs. In: L Genevieve et al. (eds) Food Chemistry: Principles and Applications. Science Technology Systems, West Sacramento, CA, pp. 421-431.
26. Breiteneder H, Mills EN. 2005. Molecular properties of food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115: 14-23.
27. Breiteneder H, Radauer CA. 2004. Classification of plant food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(5): 821-830.
28. Breneman JC. 1987. Handbook of Food Allergies. Marcel Dekker, New York.
29. Burks AWJr et al. 1988. Allergenicity of major component proteins of soybean determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting in children with atopic dermatitis and positive soy challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 11(6): 1135-1142.
30. Burks AW et al. 1994. Prospective oral food challenge study of two soybean protein isolates in patients with possible milk or soy protein enterocolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 5(1): 40-45.
31. Busse PJ et al. 2002. Identification of sequential IgE-binding epitopes on bovine alpha (s2)- casein in cow's milk allergic patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 129: 93-96.
32. Caballero T et al. 1994. Relationship between pollinosis and fruit or vegetable sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 5: 218-222.
33. Cantani A. 2008. Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, p. 628.
34. Cartier A et al. 1984. Occupational asthma in snow crab-processing workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 74(3 Pt 1): 261-269.
35. Catassi C et al. 2007. A prospective, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial to establish a safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr 85(1): 160-166.
36. Chafen JJ et al. 2010. Diagnosing and managing common food allergies: a systematic review. JAMA 12(18): 1848-1856.
37. Chapman MD et al. 2000. Recombinant allergens for diagnosis and therapy of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106: 409-418.
38. Chassaigne H et al. 2009. Resolution and identification of major peanut allergens using a combination of fluorescence twodimensional differential gel electrophoresis,Western blotting and Q-TOF mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 72: 511-526.
39. Chatchatee P et al. 2001. Identification of IgE and IgG binding epitopes on ß- and -casein in cow's milk allergic patients. Clin Exp Allergy 31: 1256-1262.
40. Chen ST et al. 2003. Effect of dietary protein on renal function and lipid metabolism in five-sixths nephrectomized rats. Br J Nutr 89(4): 491-497.
41. Clark AT et al. 2009. Successful oral tolerance induction in severe peanut allergy. Allergy 64(8): 1218-1220.
42. Cocco RR et al. 2003. Mutational analysis of major, sequential IgEbinding epitopes in alpha s1-casein, a major cow's milk allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112: 433-437.
43. Codina R et al. 1997. Purification and characterization of a soybean hull allergen responsible for the Barcelona asthma outbreaks. II: purification and sequencing of the Gly m 2 allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 27(4): 424-430.
44. Collin P et al. 2004. The safe threshold for gluten contamination in gluten-free products. Can trace amounts be accepted in the treatment of coeliac disease? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19(12): 1277-1283.
45. Crittenden RG, Bennett LE. 2005. Cow's milk allergy: a complex disorder. J Am Coll Nutr 24: S582-S591.
46. Cross M et al. 2001. Anti-allergy properties of fermented foods: an important immunoregulatory mechanism of lactic acid bacteria? Int Immunopharmacol 1: 891-901.
47. Dalal I et al. 2002. Food allergy is a matter of geography after all: sesame as a major cause of severe IgE-mediated food allergic reactions among infants and young children in Israel. Allergy 57: 362-365.
48. Darewicz M et al. 2008. Celiac disease-background, molecular, bioinformatics and analytical aspects. Food Rev Int 24: 311-329.
49. Daul CB et al. 1993a. Hypersensitivity reactions to crustacean and molluscs. Clin Rev Allergy 11: 201-222.
50. Daul CB et al. 1993b. Common crustacean allergens: identification with shrimp-specific allergens. In: D Kraft, A Sehon (eds.) Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens. CRC Press, Baton Rouge, pp. 291-293.
51. Davis PJ, Williams SC. 1998. Protein modification by thermal processing. Allergy 53(46, Suppl): 102-105.
52. De Boissieu D et al. 1997. Allergy to extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk proteins in infants: identification and treatment with an amino acid-based formula. J Pediatr 131: 744-747.
53. de Leon MP et al. 2003. Immunological analysis of allergenic cross reactivity between peanut and tree nuts. Clin Exp Allergy 33: 1273-1280.
54. Desjardin LE et al. 1998. Comparison of the ABI 7700 system (Taq-Man) and competitive PCR for quantification of IS6110 DNA in sputum during treatment of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 36: 1964-1968.
55. Dominguez J et al. 1990. Purification and characterization of an allergen of mustard seed. Ann Allergy 64: 352-357.
56. Eigenmann PA et al. 1996. Identification of unique peanut and soy allergens in sera adsorbed with cross-reacting antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 98(5 Pt 1): 969-978.
57. EnsmingerAHet al. 1983. Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia. Pegus Press, Clovis, CA. Fasano A, Catassi C. 2001. Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease: an evolving spectrum. Gastroenterology 120(3): 636-651.
58. Fasano A et al. 2003. Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study. Arch Intern Med 163(3): 286-292.
59. FDA. 1999. Food labeling: health claims; soy protein and coronary heart disease. The United States Food and Drug Adminstration, Department of Health and Human Services. Federal Register 64: 57699-57733.
60. FDA. 2006. The United States Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Threshold Working Group. Approaches to establish thresholds for major food allergens and for gluten in food. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Food/Labeling Nutrition/FoodAllergensLabeling/Guidance ComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm106108.htm. Accessed on November 28, 2011.
61. Ferguson A. 1997. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease). In: DD Metcalfe et al. (eds.) Food Allergy-Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 287-301.
62. Fernández-Rivas M. 2003. Cross-reactivity between fruit and vegetables. Allergol Immunopathol 31(3): 141-146.
63. Fernández-Rivas M et al. 2008. Allergies to fruits and vegetables. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 19(8): 675-681.
64. Ford RP, Taylor B. 1982. Natural history of egg hypersensitivity. Arch Dis Childhood 57: 649-652.
65. Friedman M, Brandon DL. 2001. Nutritional and health benefits of soy proteins. J Agric Food Chem 49(3): 1069-1086.
66. Gangur V et al. 2005. Sesame allergy: a growing food allergy of global proportions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 95: 4-11.
67. García Novo MD et al. 2007. Prevalence of celiac disease in apparently healthy blood donors in the autonomous community of Madrid. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas 99(6): 337-342.
68. Gerrard JW, Shenassa M. 1983. Sensitization to substances in breast milk: recognition, management and significance. Ann Allergy 51: 300-302.
69. Gomez JC et al. 2001. Prevalence of celiac disease in Argentina: screening of an adult population in the La Plata area. Am J Gastroenterol 96(9): 2700-2704.
70. Gonzalez de la Pena MA et al. 1991. Isolation and characterization of a major allergen from oriental mustard seeds, Brajl. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 96: 263-270.
71. Gonzalez de la Pena MA et al. 1996. Expression in Escherichia coli of Sin a 1, the major allergen from mustard. Eur J Biochem 237: 827-832.
72. Gonzalez R et al. 1992. Purification and characterization of major inhalant allergens from soybean hulls. Clin Exp Allergy 22(8): 748-755.
73. Gonzalez R et al. 1995. Soybean hydrophobic protein and soybean hull allergy. Lancet 346(8966): 48-49.
74. Grundy JR et al. 2002. Rising prevalence of allergy to peanut in children: data from 2 sequential cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110(5): 784-778.
75. Hansen KS et al. 2003. Roasted hazelnuts-allergenic activity evaluated by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Allergy 58: 132-138.
76. Harish Babu BN et al. 2008. A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of food allergy to eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) reveals female predominance. Clin Exp Allergy 38(11): 1795-1802.
77. Hefle SL et al. 1996. Allergenic foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: S69-S89.
78. Hefle SL et al. 2005. Soy sauce retains allergenicity through the fermentation production process. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115(2, Suppl): S32.
79. Hefle SL et al. 2007. Consumer attitudes and risks associated with packaged foods having advisory labelling regarding the presence of peanuts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120: 171-176.
80. HeineRGet al. 2006. The diagnosis and management of egg allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Reports 6: 145-152.
81. Herman EM et al. 2003. Genetic modification removes an immunodominant allergen from soybean. Plant Physiol 132: 36-43.
82. Hill DJ et al. 1999. The natural history of intolerance to soy and extensively hydrolyzed formula in infants with multiple food protein intolerance (MFPI). J Pediatr 135: 118-121.
83. Hischenhuber C et al. 2006. Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23(5): 559-575.
84. Holzhauser T et al. 2002. Detection of potentially allergenic hazelnut (Corylus avellana) residues in food: a comparative study with DNA PCR-ELISA and protein sandwich-ELISA. J Agric Food Chem 50: 5808-5215.
85. Holzhauser T et al. 2006. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the detection of allergenic foods. In: SJ Koppelman, SL Hefle (eds.) Detecting Allergens in Food. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp. 125-143.
86. Hori G et al. 2001. Soy protein hydrolyzate with bound phospholipids reduces serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic adult male volunteers. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65(1): 72-78.
87. Host A, Halken S. 1990. A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life: clinical course in relation to clinical and immunological type of hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy 45(8): 587-596.
88. Host A, Samuelsson EG. 1988. Allergic reactions to raw, pasteurized, and homogenized/pasteurized cow milk: a comparison. A double-blind placebo-controlled study in milk allergic children. Allergy 43: 113-118.
89. Hourihane JO et al. 1997. An evaluation of the sensitivity of subjects with peanut allergy to very low doses of peanut protein: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100: 596-600.
90. Inoue R et al. 2001. Identification of beta-lactoglobulin-derived peptides and class II HLA molecules recognized by T cells from patients with milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 31: 1126-1134.
91. Janatuinen EK et al. 1995. A comparison of diets with and without oats in adults with celiac disease. N Engl J Med 333(16): 1033-1037.
92. Janatuinen EK et al. 2000. Lack of cellular and humoral immunological responses to oats in adults with coeliac disease. Gut 46(3): 327-331.
93. Janatuinen EK et al. 2002. No harm from five year ingestion of oats in coeliac disease. Gut 50(3): 332-335.
94. Jappe U, Vieths S. 2010. Lupine, a source of new as well as hidden food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res 54(1): 113-126.
95. Jarvinen KM et al. 2001. IgE and IgG binding epitopes on alphalactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in cow's milk allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 126: 111-118.
96. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme and Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2008. Report of the 30th Session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, 30 June-5 July 2008, Geneva, Switzerland. ALINORM 08/31/26. Available at http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/report/687/al08_26e.pdf. Accessed on 28 November 2011
97. Jones SM et al. 2009. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(2): 292-300.
98. Kahlenberg F et al. 2006. Monoclonal antibody R5 for detection of putatively coeliac-toxic gliadin peptides. Eur Food Res Technol 222(1-2): 78-82.
99. Kalogeromitros D et al. 1996. Anaphylaxis induced by lentils. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 77(6): 480-482.
100. Kaminogawa S, Totsuka M. 2003. Allergenicity of milk proteins. In: PF Fox (ed.) Advanced Dairy Chemistry, Volume 1, Proteins. Elsevier Science Publications, London, pp. 648-674.
101. Kanny G et al. 2001. Population study of food allergy in France. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108: 133-140.
102. Karjalainen J et al. 1992. A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 327: 302-307.
103. Keck-Gassenmeier B et al. 1999. Determination of peanut traces in food by a commercially available ELISA test. Food Agric Immunol 11: 243-250.
104. Kleber N et al. 2004. The antigenic response of â-lg is modulated by thermally induced aggregation. Eur Food Res Technol 219(2): 105-110.
105. Kleber N et al. 2007. Antigenic response of bovine beta lactoglobulin influenced by ultra high pressure treatment and temperature. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 8(1): 39-45.
106. Koppelman SJ et al. 1999. Heat induced conformational changes of Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen, do not affect its allergenic properties. J Biol Chem 274(8): 4770-4777.
107. Krishnan HB. 2000. Biochemistry and molecular biology of soybean seed storage protein. J New Seeds 2(3): 1-25.
108. Krishnan HB et al. 2009. All three subunits of soybean ß-conglycinin are potential food allergens. J Agric Food Chem 57(3): 938-943.
109. Kumar R et al. 2007. Rice (Oryza sativa) allergy in rhinitis and asthma patients: a clinico-immunological study. Immunobiology 212(2): 141-147.
110. L'Hocine L, Boye JI. 2007. Allergenicity of soybean: new developments in identification of allergenic proteins, cross-reactivities and hypoallergenization technologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 47(2): 127-143.
111. Laoprasert N et al. 1998. Anaphylaxis in a milk-allergic child following ingestion of lemon sorbet containing trace quantities of milk. J Food Prot 61: 1522-1524.
112. Leadbeater L,Ward FB. 1987. Analysis of tryptic digests of bovine ß-casein by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 397: 435-443.
113. Leduc V et al. 2006. Identification of oleosins as major allergens in sesame seed allergic patients. Allergy 61: 349-356.
114. Lee JW et al. 2001. Effects of gamma-radiation on the allergenic and antigenic properties of milk proteins. J Food Prot 64: 272-276.
115. Lee PW et al. 2008. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of mustard in foods. J Food Sci 73: T62-T68.
116. Lehrer SB et al. 2003. Seafood allergy and allergen: a review. Mar Biotechnol 5: 339-348.
117. Liu K. 1997. Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 28-35.
118. Lohi S. 2010. Prevalence and prognosis of coeliac disease: a special focus on undetected condition. Ph.D. Dissertation, Submitted to Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tampere, Finland.
119. Lu Y et al. 2007. Immunological characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against shellfish major allergen tropomyosin. Food Chem 100: 1093-1099.
120. Lundin KE et al. 2003. Oats induced villous atrophy in coeliac disease. Gut 52(11): 1649-1652.
121. Maleki SJ et al. 2000. The effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106: 763-768.
122. Martin D, Chapman M. 2001. Prediction of the allergenicity of a molecule. J Allergy Clin Immunol 41: 13-16.
123. Martorell Aragonés A et al. 2001. Allergy to egg proteins. Allergol Immunopathol 29: 84-95.
124. Matricardi PM et al. 2003. Microbial products in allergy prevention and therapy. Allergy 58: 461-471.
125. Mazzeo MF et al. 2003. Identification of transglutaminasemediated deamidation sites in a recombinant alpha-gliadin by advanced mass-spectrometric methodologies. Protein Sci 12(11): 2434-2442.
126. Mine Y, Rupa P. 2003. Fine mapping and structural analysis of immunodominant IgE allergenic epitopes in chicken egg ovalbumin. Prot Eng 16: 747-752.
127. Mine Y, Rupa P. 2004. Immunological and biochemical properties of egg allergens. World Poult Sci J 60: 321-330.
128. Mine Y, Yang M. 2008. Recent advances in the understanding of egg allergens: basic, industrial, and clinical perspectives. J Agric Food Chem 56: 4874-4900.
129. Mine Y, Zhang JW. 2002. Identification and fine mapping of IgG and IgE epitopes in ovomucoid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 292: 1070-1074.
130. Monaci L et al. 2006. Milk allergens, their characteristics and their detection in food. Eur Food Res Technol 223: 149-179.
131. Moneret-Vautrin A. 2006. Allergenic foods: mustard. Available at http://www.anaphylaxis.eu/uk_mustard.html.
132. Monreal P et al. 1992. Two anaphylactic reactions to ingestion of mustard sauce. Ann Allergy 69: 317-320.
133. More D. 2009. Sesame seed allergy. Available at http://allergies. about.com/od/otherfoodallergies/a/sesameallergy.htm. Accessed on November 28, 2011.
134. Moreno-Bondi MC et al. 2003. Multi-analyte analysis system using an antibody-based biochip. Anal Bioanal Chem 375: 120-124.
135. Morisset M et al. 2003a. Thresholds of clinical reactivity to milk, egg, peanut and sesame in immunoglobulin E-dependent allergies: evaluation by double-blind or single-blind placebo controlled oral challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 33: 1046-1051.
136. Morisset M et al. 2003b. Prospective study of mustard allergy: first study with double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge trials (24 cases). Allergy 58(4): 295-299.
137. Motala C, Lockey R. 2004. Food Allergy. World Allergy Organization Allergic Diseases Resource Centre. Available at http:// www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/ foodallergy/
138. Munoz-Furlong A et al. 2004. Prevalence of self-reported seafood allergy in the U.S. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113: S100.
139. MustorpDet al. 2008. Detection of celery (Apium graveolens), mustard (Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra) and sesame (Sesanum indicum) in food by real time PCR. Eur Food Res Technol 226: 771-778.
140. Nakajima-Adachi H et al. 1998. Determinant analysis of IgE and IgG antibodies and T cells specific for bovine alpha s1-casein from the same patients allergic to cow's milk: existence of alpha s1-casein-specific B cells and T cells characteristic in cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 101: 660-671.
141. Nakano T et al. 2010. Sensitization to casein and ß-lactoglobulin (blg) in children with cow's milk allergy (CMA). Arerugi 59: 117-122.
142. Nentwich I et al. 2001. Cow's milk-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and atopy skin symptoms in infants from atopic families fed a partially (pHF) or extensively (eHF) hydrolyzed infant formula. Allergy 56: 1144-1156.
143. Ng-Kwai-Hang KF. 2002. Heterogeneity, fractionation and isolation. In:HRoginski et al. (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Dairy Sciences. Academic Press, London, pp. 1881-1894.
144. Niemann L et al. 2009. Detection of walnut residues in foods using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. JFood Sci 74: T51-T57.
145. Nordlee JA, Taylor SL. 1995. Immunological analysis of food allergens and other food proteins. Food Technol 2: 129-132.
146. Nowak-Wegrzyn A et al. 2004. Contamination of dry powder inhalers for asthma with milk proteins containing lactose. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113: 558-560.
147. O'Neil C et al. 1993. Allergic reactions to fish. Clin Rev Allergy 11: 183-200.
148. Ogawa T et al. 1991. Investigation of the IgE binding proteins in soybeans by immunoblotting with the sera of the soybeansensitive patients with atopic dermatitis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 37(6): 555-565.
149. Ogawa T et al. 1993. Identification of the soybean allergenic protein, GlymBd 30K, with the soybean seed 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57(6): 1030-1033.
150. Oliver S, Vieths S. 2004. Development of a real-time PCR and a sandwich ELISA for detection of potentially allergenic trace amounts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in processed foods. J Agric Food Chem 52: 3754-3760.
151. Oliver S et al. 2002. Development and validation of two dipstick type immunoassays for determination of trace amounts of peanut and hazelnut in processed foods. Eur Food Res Technol 215: 431-436.
152. Osman AA et al. 2001. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a potential coeliac-toxic repetitive pentapeptide epitope in gliadins. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(10): 1189-1193.
153. Panconesi E et al. 1980. Anaphylactic shock from mustard after ingestion of pizza. Contact Dermatitis 6: 294-295.
154. Pastorello EA et al. 2001. The major allergen of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) is a 2S albumin. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 756: 85-93.
155. Pedersen HS, Djurtoft R. 1989. Antigenic and allergenic properties of acidic and basic peptide chains from glycinin. Food Agric Immunol 1(2): 101-109.
156. Pereira MJ et al. 2002. The allergenic significance of legumes. Allergol Immunopathol 30(6): 346-353.
157. Perkins MS. 2000. Sesame allergy. Available at www.allergyuk. org/fs_sesame.aspx. Accessed on February 24, 2010.
158. Pieretti MM et al. 2009. Audit of manufactured products: use of allergen advisory labels and identification of labeling ambiguities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124: 337-341.
159. Poms RE et al. 2001. Increased sensitivity for detection of specific target DNA in milk by concentration in milk fat. Eur Food Res Technol 213: 361-365.
160. Poms RE et al. 2004. Methods for allergen analysis in food: a review. Food Addit Contam 21: 1-31.
161. Pons L et al. 2002. The 18 kDa peanut oleosin is a candidate allergen for IgE-mediated reactions to peanuts. Allergy 57(72): 88-93.
162. Porcel S et al. 2006. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis to pistachio. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 16(1): 71-73.
163. Prioult G et al. 2004. Stimulation of interleukin-10 production by acidic beta-lactoglobulin-derived peptides hydrolyzed with Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 peptidases. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 266-271.
164. Rajamohamed SH, Boye JI. 2010. Processing foods without peanuts and tree nuts. In: JI Boye, S Godefroy (eds.) Allergen Management in the Food Industry, Chapter 11. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
165. Rance F et al. 2000. Mustard allergy in children. Allergy 55(5): 496-500.
166. Restani P et al. 2004. Characterization of bovine serum albumin epitopes and their role in allergic reactions. Allergy 59: 21-24.
167. Romano A et al. 2001. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis: clinical and laboratory findings in 54 subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 125(3): 264-272.
168. Rong-Hwa S et al. 2010. Gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Food Chem 118: 462-466.
169. Rostami K et al. 1999. High prevalence of celiac disease in apparently healthy blood donors suggests a high prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease in the Dutch population. Scand J Gastroenterol 34(3): 276-279.
170. Rozenfeld P et al. 2002. Detection and identification of a soy bean component that cross reacts with caseins from cow's milk. Clin Exp Immunol 130: 49-58.
171. Sampson HA. 2002. Peanut allergy. N Engl J Med 346(17): 1294-1299.
172. Sampson HA. 2004. Update on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113: 805-819.
173. Sampson HA, McCaskill CC. 1985. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients. J Pediatr 107: 669-675.
174. Sampson HA et al. 1992. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 327(6): 380-384.
175. Scheibe B et al. 2001. Detection of trace amounts of hidden allergens: hazelnut and almond proteins in chocolate. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 756: 229-237.
176. Schubert-Ullrich P et al. 2009. Commercialized rapid immunoanalytical tests for determination of allergenic food proteins: an overview. Anal Bioanal Chem 395: 69-81.
177. Shefcheck KJ, Musser SJ. 2004. Conformation of the allergenic protein Ara h 1 in a model matrix using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 52: 2785-2790.
178. Shriver-Lake LC et al. 2004. Applications of array biosensor for detection of food allergens. J AOAC Int 87: 1498-1502.
179. Sicherer SH. 2010. Food allergies. eMedicine. Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135959-overview.
180. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. 2006. 9. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117(2 Suppl Mini-Primer): S470-S475.
181. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. 2010. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125: S116-S125.
182. Sicherer SH et al. 2001. A voluntary registry for peanut and tree-nut allergy: characteristics of the first 5149 registrants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108: 128-132.
183. Sicherer SH et al. 2003. Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the United States determined by means of a random digit dial telephone survey: a 5-year follow-up study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112(6): 1203-1207.
184. Sicherer SH et al. 2004. Prevalence of seafood allergy in the United States determined by a random telephone survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 114: 159-165.
185. Skypala I. 2009. Fruits and vegetables. In: I Skypala, C Venter (eds.) Food Hypersensitivity: Diagnosing and Managing Food Allergies and Intolerance. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 147-165.
186. Soler-RivasC,Wichers HJ. 2001. Impact of (bio)chemical and physical procedures on food allergen stability. Allergy 56(67): 52-55.
187. Spuergin P et al. 1996. Allergenic epitopes of bovine alpha s1-casein recognized by human IgE and IgG. Allergy 51: 306-312.
188. StadenUet al. 2007. Specific oral tolerance induction in food allergy in children: efficacy and clinical patterns of reaction. Allergy 62: 1261-1269.
189. Stephenson TJ et al. 2005. Effect of soy protein-rich diet on renal function in young adults with insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus. Clin Nephrol 64(1): 1-11.
190. Stewart GA, Thompson PJ. 1996. The biochemistry of common aeroallergens. Clin Exp Allergy 26: 1020-1044.
191. Stoppler MC, Marks JW. 2005. Sesame seed allergy: a growing problem? Available at www.medicinenet.com/script/ main/art.asp. Accessed on February 24, 2010.
192. Taylor SL. 2000. Emerging problems with food allergens. Food Nutr Agric 26: 14-29.
193. Taylor SL, Hefle SL. 2001. Food allergies and other food sensitivities -an application of the Institute of Food Techologists' expert panel on food safety and nutrition. Food Technol 55(9): 68-83.
194. Taylor SL, Lehrer SB. 1996. Principles and characteristics of food allergens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: S91-S118.
195. Taylor SL et al. 2002. Factors affecting the determination of threshold doses for allergenic foods: how much is too much? J Allergy Clin Immunol 109(1): 24-30.
196. Taylor SL et al. 2004. Consensus protocol for the determination of the threshold doses for allergenic foods: how much is too much? Clin Exp Allergy 34: 689-695.
197. Taylor SL et al. 2009. Allergen immunoassays-considerations for use of naturally incurred standards. Anal Bioanal Chem 395: 83-92.
198. Thompson T. 2004. Gluten contamination of commercial oat products in the United States. N Engl J Med 351(19): 2021-2022.
199. Thompson T. 2005. Contaminated oats and other gluten-free foods in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 105(3): 348-349.
200. Tome D et al. 2004. Nutritional value of milk and meat products derived from cloning. Cloning Stem Cells 6: 172-177.
201. Towell R. 2009. Peanuts, legumes, seeds and tree nuts. In: I Skypala, CVenter (eds.) Food Hypersensitivity: Diagnosing and Managing Food Allergies and Intolerance. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 166-182.
202. Valenta R et al. 1999. The recombinant allergen-based concept of component resolved diagnostics and immunotherapy (CRD and CRIT). Clin Exp Allergy 29: 896-904.
203. Wal JM. 1998. Cow's milk allergens. Allergy 53: 1013-1022.
204. Wal JM. 2004. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 93: 2-11.
205. Walker-Smith J. 2003. Hypoallergenic formulas: are they really hypoallergenic? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90: 112-114.
206. Walsh BJ et al. 1988. New allergens from hen's egg white and egg yolk: in vitro study of ovomucin, apovitellenin I and VI, and phosvitin. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 87: 81-86.
207. Walsh BJ et al. 2005. Detection of four distinct groups of hen egg allergens binding IgE in the sera of children with egg allergy. Allergol Immunopathol 33: 183-191.
208. Ward PP et al. 2002. Lactoferrin and host defense. Biochem Cell Biol 80: 95-102.
209. Wen HW et al. 2007. Peanut allergy, peanut allergens, and methods for the detection of peanut contamination in food products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 6(2): 47-58.
210. Wilson S et al. 2005. Allergenic proteins in soybean: processing and reduction of P34 allergenicity. Nutr Rev 63(2): 47-58.
211. Wolff N et al. 2003. Allergy to sesame in humans is associated primarily with IgE antibody to a 14 kDa 2S albumin precursor. Food Chem Toxicol 41(8): 1165-1174.
212. Yazdanbakhsh M et al. 2002. Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis. Science 296: 490-494.
213. Yeung J. 2006. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detecting allergens in foods. In: K Stef, H Sue (eds.) Detecting Allergens in Food. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp. 109-124.
214. Yman IM et al. 1994. Analysis of food proteins for verification of contamination or mislabelling. Food Agric Immunol 6: 167-172.
215. Yman IM et al. 2006. Food allergen detection with biosensor immunoassays. J AOAC Int 89: 856-861.
216. Yu CJ et al. 2003. Proteomics and immunological analysis of a novel shrimp allergen (Pen m 2). J Immunol 170: 445-453.
217. Yunginger JW. 1990. Classical food allergens. Allergy Asthma Proc 11(1): 7-9.
218. Zhang JW, Mine Y. 1998. Characterization of IgE and IgG epitopes on ovomucoid using egg white allergic patient's sera. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253: 124-127.
219. Zhang X et al. 2003. Soy food consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heat disease in Chinese women. J Nutr 133(9): 2874-2878.