Allergenicity of soybean: New developments in identification of allergenic proteins, cross-reactivities and hypoallergenization technologies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 127-143

  L'Hocine, Lamia ^a   Boye, Joyce I ^a  

^a FOOD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Allergenic proteins; Allergenicity; Allergens; Cross reactivity; Hypoallergenization; Soybean

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CROSS REACTION; FOOD ALLERGY; HUMAN;

ALLERGENS; CROSS REACTIONS; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; SOYBEAN PROTEINS; VEGETABLE PROTEINS;

GLYCINE MAX;

EID: 33847305451     PISSN: 10408398     EISSN: 15497852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408390600626487     Document Type: Article

References (165)

1. USDA. 2003. United States Department of Agriculture. In: http//www.soystats.com.
2. Endres, J.G. 2001. Soy protein products-Characteristics, nutritional aspects, and utilization. Endres, J.G., Ed., AOCS Publication, Champaign, IL, 1-51.
3. Hefte, S.L., Nordlee, J.A., and Taylor, S.L. 1996. Allergenic foods. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 36:S69-S89.
4. Zarkadas, M., Scott, W.F., Salminen, J., and Pong, A.H. 1999. Common allergenic foods and their labelling in Canada - A review. Can. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 4(3):118-141.
5. Buttriss, J., and Schenker, S. 2002. Introduction and definitions. In: Buttriss, J., Ed., Adverse reactions to food. The report of the British Nutrition Foundation Task Force. London: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1-10.
6. Mills, E.N.C., Madsen, C., Shewry, P.R., and Wichers, H.J. 2003. Food Allergens of plant origin- their molecular and evolutionary relationships. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 14:145-156.
7. Sampson, H.A. 2004. Update on food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113(5):805-819.
8. Becker, W., Brasseur, D., Bresson, J.L., Flynn, A., Jackson, A.A., Lagiou, P., Mingrone, G., Moseley, B., Palou, A., Przyrembel, H., Salminen, S., Strobel, S., and van Loveren, H. 2004. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission relating to the evaluation of allergenic foods for labelling purposes (Request No EFSA-Q-2003-016). EFSA Journal, 32:1-197.
9. Errahali, Y., Morisset, M., Moneret-Vautrin, D.A., Kanny, G., Metche, M., Nicolas, J.P., and Fremont, S. 2002. Allergen in soy oils. Allergy, 57(7):648-649.
10. Foucard, T., and Malmheden-Yman, I. 1999. A study on severe food reactions in Sweden is soy protein an underestimated cause of food anaphylaxis. Allergy, 53(3):261-265.
11. Mortimer, E.Z. 1961. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of soybean. Pediatr., 58:90-92.
12. Yunginger, J.W., Nelson, D.R., Squillace, D.L., Jones, R.T., Holley, K.E., Hyma, B.A., Biedrzycki, L., Sweeney, K.G., Sturner, W.Q., and Schwartz, L.B. 1991. Laboratory investigation of deaths due to anaphylaxis. J. Forensic Sci., 36:857-865.
13. Vidal, C., Perez-Carral, C., and Chomon, B. 1997. Unsuspected sources of soybean exposure. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 79:350-352.
14. Senne, G.E., Crivellaro, M., Bonadonna, P., Dama, A., Mezzelani, P., and Passalacqua, G. 1998. Pizza; an unsuspected source of soybean allergen exposure. Allergy, 53(11): 1106-1107.
15. Bock, S.A., Munoz-Furlong, A., and Sampson, H.A. 2001. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reaction to foods. J. Aller. Clin. Immunol., 107(1):191-193.
16. Taramarcaz, P., Hauser, C., and Eigenmann, P.A. 2001. Soy anaphylaxis. Allergy, 56(8):792.
17. Popping, B., Waiblinger, H.U., and Holzhauser, T. 2004. Here, there and everywhere: allergen detection and labelling-scientific and regulatory issues. Inform., 15(9):620-621.
18. Sampson, H.A., and McCaskill, C.C. 1985. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis evaluation of 113 patients. J. Pediatrics, 107(5):669-675.
19. Burks, A.W., Butler, H.L., Brooks, J.R., Hardin, J., and Connaughton, C. 1988. Identification and comparison of differences in antigens in two commercially available soybean protein isolates. J. Food Sci., 53(5): 1456-1459.
20. Ogawa,T.,Bando,N.,Tsuji,H.,Okajima, K.,Nishikawa, K., and Sasaoka, K. 1991. Investigation of the Ig binding proteins in soybeans by immunoblotting with the sera of the soybean-sensitive patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 37(6):555-565.
21. Lalles, J.P., and Peltre, G. 1991. Biochemical features of grain legume allergens in humans and animals. Nutr. Rev., 54(4/Part I):101-107.
22. Besler, M., Helm, R.M., and Ogawa, T. 1999. Allergen Data collection update: soybean (glycine max). Internet Symposium on Food Allergens, 2(suppl 3):1-35.
23. Ogawa, T., Samoto, M., and Takahashi, K. 2000. Soybean allergens and hypoallergenic soybean products. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 46(6):271-279.
24. Thanh, V.H., and Shibasaki, K. 1976. Major proteins of soybean seeds: A straight forward fraction and their characterization. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 24(6):1117-1121.
25. Howard, P.A., Lehnhardt, W.F., and Orthoefer, F.T. 1983. 7S, and 11S vegetable protein traction and isolation. US Patent, No. 4,368,151.
26. Nielson, N.C. 1985. Structure of soy proteins. In: Altschul, A.M., and Wilcke, H.L. Eds., New Protein Food, Vol. 5. Seed Storage Proteins. Orlando: Academic Press, 27-64.
27. Kunitz, M. 1945. Crystalllization of a trypsin inhibitor from soybeans. Science, 101:668-669.
28. Shattuck-Eidens, D.N., and Beachy, R.N. 1985. Degradation of β-conglycinin in early stages of soybean embryogenesis. Plant Physiol., 78:895.
29. Coates, J.B., Medeiros, J.S., Thanh, V.H., and Nielson, N.C. 1985. Characterization of the subunits of β-conglycinin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 243:184-189.
30. Morita, S., Fukase, M., Yamaguchi, M., Fukuda, Y., and Morita, Y. 1996. Purification, characterization and christallization of single molecular species of β-conglycinin from soybean seeds. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60(5):866-873.
31. Pernollet, J.C., and Mosses, J. 1983. Structure and location of legume and cereal seed storage proteins. In: Daussant, J., Mosse, J., and Vaughan, J., Eds., Seeds Proteins. Annual Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe. London: Academic Press, 155-190.
32. Thanh, V.H., and Shibasaki, K. 1979. Major proteins of soybean seeds. Reversible and irreversible dissociation of β-conglycinin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 27(4):805-809.
33. Murphy, P.A., and Resurrection, A.P. 1984. Varietal and environmental differences in soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin concentration. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 32:911.
34. Lei, M.G., and Reeck, G.R. 1987. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the protein of isolated soybean bodies and of the glycosylation of soybean proteins. J. Agric, Food. Chem., 35:296-300.
35. Moreira, M.A., Hermodson, M.A., Larkins, B.A., and Nielson, N.C. 1979. Partial characterization of the acidic and basic polypeptides of glycinin. J. Biol. Chem., 254:9921-9926.
36. Staswick, P.E., Hermodson, M.A., and Nielson, N.C. 1981. Identification of the acidic and basic subunit complexes of glycinin. J. Biol. Chem., 256:8752-8755.
37. Badley, R.A., Atkinson, D., Hauser, H., Oladani, D., Green, J.P., and Stubbs, J.M. 1975. The structural, physical, and chemical properties of soybean protein glycinin. Biochim. Biophysic. Acta., 412:214-228.
38. Yaklich, R.W., Helm, R.M., Cockrell, G., and Herman, E.M. 1999. Analysis of the distribution of the major soybean seed allergens in a core collection of Glycine max accessions. Crop Science, 39(5):1444-1447.
39. Ogawa, T., Bando, N., Tsuji, H., Nishikawa, K., and Kitamura, K. 1993. Identification of the soybean allergenic protein, Gly m Bd 30 K, with the soybean seed 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 57(6):1030-1033
40. Helm, R.M., Cockrell, G., Herman, E., Burks, A.W., Sampson, H.A., and Bannon, G.A. 1998. Cellular and molecular characterization of a major soybean allergen. Int. Arch. Allergy. Immunol., 117:29-37.
41. Herman, E.M., Melroy, D.L., and Buckhout, T.J. 1990. Apparent processing of a soybean oil body protein accompanies the onset of oil mobilization. Plant Physiol., 94:341-349.
42. Gonzalez, R., Polo, F., Zapatero, L., Caravaca, F., and Carreira, J. 1992. Purification and characterization of major inhalant allergens from soybean hulls. Cli. Exp. Allergy, 22:748-755.
43. Gonzalez, R., Varela, J., Carreira, J., and Polo, F. 1995. Soybean hydrophobic protein and soybean hull allergy. Lancet, 346:48-49.
44. Ogawa, T., Bando, N., Tsuji, H., Nishikawa, K., and Kitamura, K. 1995. α-Subunit of β-conglycinin, an allergenic protein recognised by IgE antibodies of soybean-sensitive patients with atopic dermatitis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59(5):831-833.
45. Beardslee, T.A., Zeece, M.G., Sarath, G., and Markwell, J.P. 2000. Soybean glycinin Gl acidic chain shares IgE epitopes with peanut allergen Ara h 3. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 123(4):299-307.
46. Tsuji, H.,Bando,N., Hiemori, M., Yamanishi,R., Kimoto, M., Nishikawa, K., and Ogawa, T. 1997. Purification and characterization of soybean allergen Gly m Bd 28 K. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 61(6):942-947.
47. Hiemori, M., Bando, N., Ogawa, T., Shimada, H., Tsuji, H., Yamanishi, R., and Terao, J. 2000. Occurrence of IgE antibody-recognizing N-linked glycan moiety of a soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 28 K. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 122(4):238-245.
48. Tsuji, H., Hiemori, M., Kimoto, M., Yamashita, H., Kobatake, R., Adachi, M., Fukuda, T., Bando, N., Okita, M., and Utsumi, S. 2001. Cloning of cDNA encoding a soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 28 K. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1518(1-2):178-182.
49. Pedersen, H.S., and Djurtoft, R. 1989. Antigenic and allergenic properties of acidic and basic peptide chains from glycinin. Food Agric. Immunol., 1(2): 101-109.
50. Helm, R.M., Cockrell, G., Connaughton, C., Sampson, H.A., Bannon, G.A., Beilinson, V., Livingstone, D., Nielsen, N.C., and Burks, A.W. 2000. A soybean G2 glycinin allergen. 1. Identification and characterization. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 123(3):205-212.
51. Zeece, M.G., Beardslee, T.A., Markwell, J.P, and Sarath, G., 1999. Identification of an IgE-binding region in soybean acidic glycinin G1. Food Agric. Immunol., 11(1):83-90.
52. Helm, R.M., Cockrell, G., Connaughton, C., Sampson, H.A., Bannon, G.A., Beilinson, V., Nielsen, N.C., and Burks, A.W. 2000. A soybean G2 glycinin allergen. 2. Epitope mapping and three-dimensional modeling. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 123(3):213-219.
53. Xiang,P.,Beardslee,T.A.,Zeece,M.G.,Markwell,J., and Sarath,G. 2002. Identification and analysis of a conserved immunoglobulin E-binding epitope in soybean G1a and G2a and peanut Ara h 3 glycinins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 408(1):51-57.
54. Rabjohn, P.,Helm, E.M., Stanley,J.S., West, C.M., Sampson,H.A., Burks, A.W, and Bannon, G.A. 1999. Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. J. Clin. Invest., 103(4):535-542.
55. Duke, W.W. 1934. Soybean as a possible important source of allergy. J. Allergy, 5:300-305.
56. Moroz, L.A., and Yang, W.H. 1980. Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor: a specific allergen in food anaphylaxis. N. Engl. J. Med., 302:1126-1128.
57. Baur, X., Pau, M., Czuppon, A., and Fruhmann, G. 1996. Characterization of soybean allergens causing sensitization of occupationally exposed bakers. Allergy, 51(5):326-330.
58. Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., Polo, F., and Sastre, J. 2002. Soybean trypsin inhibitor is an occupational inhalant allergen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 109(1):178.
59. Codina, R., Lockey, R.F., Fernandez-Caldas, E., and Rama, R. 1997. Purification and characterization of a soybean hull allergen responsible for the Barcelona asthma outbreaks. II. Purification and sequencing of the Gly m 2 allergen. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 27(4):424-430.
60. Codina, R., Lockey, R.F., Fernandez-Caldas, E., and Rama, R. 1999. Identification of the soybean hull allergens responsible for the Barcelona asthma outbreaks. International Arch. Allergy Immunol., 119:69-71.
61. Quirce, S., Polo, F., Figueredo, E., Gonzalez, R., and Sastre, J. 2000. Occupational asthma caused by soybean flour in bakers -difference with soybean-induced epidemic asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 30(6):839- 846.
62. Rihs, H.P., Chen, Z., Rueff, F., Petersen, A., Rozynek, P., Heimann, H., and Baur, X. 1999. IgE binding of the recombinant allergen soybean profilin (rGly m 3) is mediated by conformational epitopes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 104(6):1293-1301.
63. Crowell, D.N., John, M.E., Russell, D., and Amasino, R.M. 1992. Characterization of a stress-induced, developmentally regulated gene family from soybean. Plant Mol Biol., 18:459-466.
64. Kleine-Tebbe, J., Vogel, L., Crowell, D.N., Haustein, U.F., and Vieths, S. 2002. Severe oral allergy syndrome and anaphylactic reactions caused by a Bet v 1- related PR-10 protein in soybean, SAM22. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 110(5):797-804.
65. Neudecker, P., Lehmann, K., and Rosch, P. 2003. Sequence-specific 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of SAM22, an allergenic stress-induced protein from soy bean. J. biomol. AMR., 26(2):191-192.
66. Mittag, D., Vieths, S., Vogel, L., Becker, W.M., Rihs, H.P., Helbling, A., Wuthrich, B., and Ballmer-Weber, B.K. 2004. Soybean allergy in patients allergic to birch pollen: clinical investigation and molecular characterization of allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113(1):148-154.
67. Hessing, M., Bleeker, H., Tsuji, H., Ogawa, T., and Vlooswijk, R.A.A. 1996. Comparison of human IgE-binding soya bean allergenic protein Gly m 1 with the antigenicity profiles of calf anti-soya protein sera. Food Agric. Immunol., 8(1):51-58.
68. Codina, R., Ardusso, L. Lockey, R.E, Crisci, C.D., Jaen, C., and Bertoya, N.H. 2002. Identification of the soybean hull allergens involved in sensitization to soybean dust in a rural population from Argentina and N-terminal sequence of a major 50 KD allergen. Clin. Exp. Allergy., 32(7):1059-1063.
69. Sharon, N., and Lis, H. 1972. Lectins: cell-agglutinating and sugar-specific proteins. Science, 177:949-959.
70. Barnett, D., and Howden, M.E. 1987. Lectins and the radioallergosorbent test. J. Allergy Clin Immunol., 80(4):558-561.
71. Hessing, M., Bleeker, H., van Biert, R., Sleijsters Selis, H., van Duijn, G., van Westerop.H., and Vlooswijk, R.A.A. 1995. Analysis of proteinaceous antinutritional compounds in soya oilseed products. In: Immunoassays for Residue Analysis: Food Safety: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington D.C.: ACS Anaheim, April 1995, 219-230.
72. Mills, E.N.C., Madsen, C., Shewry, P.R., and Wichers, H.J. 2001. Plant food protein allergens: the role of structure and function in allergenic potential. Food Allergy and Intolerance, 32:194-209.
73. Freed, D.L.J. 2002. Dietary lectins and disease. In: Food Allergy and Intolerance, 2nd ed., London: Saunders Publishers, 479-495.
74. Fu, T.J., Abbott, U.R., and Hatzos, C. 2002. Digestibility of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid-a comparative study. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(24):7154-7160.
75. Shibasaki, M., Sumazaki, R., Isoyama, S., and Takita, H. 1992. Interaction of lectins with human IgE: IgE binding property and histamine-releasing activity of twelve plant lectins. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 98:18-25.
76. Burks, A.W., Cockrell, G., Connaughton, C., Guin, J., Allen, W., and Helm, R.M. 1994. Identification of peanut agglutinin and soybean trypsin inhibitor as minor legume allergens. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 231:877-887.
77. Montagnon, I., Errahali, Y., Metche, M., Nicolas, J.P., and Fremont, S. 2003. Allergenicity of soya oils. Food Allergy and Intolerance, 4(2):153-163.
78. Moneret-Vautrin, D.A., Morisset, M., Flabbee, J., Kanny, G., Kirch, F., and Parisot, L. 2002. Unusual soy oil allergy. Allergy, 57(3):266-267.
79. Bush, R.K., Taylor, S.L., Nordlee, J.A., and Busse, W.W. 1985. Soybean oil is not allergenic to soybean-sensitive individuals. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 76(2, I):242-245.
80. Unknown. 2005. Soy oil helps shape food allergen labelling rules. In: http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/511384.
81. Müller, U., Weber, W., Hoffmann, A., Franke, S., Lange, R., and Vieths, S. 1998. Commercial soybean lecithins: a source of hidden allergens? Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch, 207(5):341-351.
82. Gu, X., Beardslee, T., Zeece, M., Sarath, G., and Markwell, J. 2001. Identification of IgE-binding proteins in soy lecithin. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 126(3):218-225.
83. Herian, A.M., Taylor, S.L., and Bush, R.K. 1990. Identification of soybean allergens by immunoblotting with sera from soy-allergic adults. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 92:193-198.
84. Fries, J.H. 1971. Studies on the allergenicity of soy bean. Ann. Allergy, 29:1-7.
85. Bernhisel-Broadbent, J., and Sampson, H.A. 1989. Cross-allergenicity in the legume botanical family in children with food hypersensitivity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 83:435-440.
86. Eigenmann., P.A, Burks, A.W., Bannon, G.A., and Sampson, H.A. 1996. Identification of unique peanut and soy allergens in sera adsorbed with cross-reacting antibodies. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 98:969-978.
87. Sicherer, S.H., Sampson, H.A., and Burks, A.W. 2000. Peanut and soy allergy: a clinical and therapeutic dilemma. Allergy, 55:515-521.
88. Burks, A.W., Brooks, J.R., and Sampson, H.A. 1988. Allergenicity of major component proteins of soybean determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting in children with atopic dermatitis and positive soy challenges. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 11:1135-1142.
89. Pons, L., Ponnapan, U., Hall, R.A., Simpson, P., Cockrell, G., West, M., Sampson, H.A., Helm, R.M., and Burks, A.W. 2004. Soy immunotherapy for peanut-allergic mice: Modulation of the peanut-allergic response. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 114(4):915-921.
90. Host, A., and Halken, S. 1990. A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life. Clinical course in relation to clinical and immunological type of hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy, 45:587-596.
91. Burks, A.W., Casteel, H.B., Fiedorek, S.C., Williams, L.W., and Pumphrey, C.L. 1994. Prospective oral food challenge study of two soybean protein isolates in patients with possible milk or soy protein enterocolitis. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 5:40-45.
92. Cantani, A., and Lucenti, P. 1997. Natural history of soy allergy and/or intolerance in children, and clinical use of soy-protein formulas. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 8:59-74.
93. Rozenfeld, P., Docena, G.H., Anon, M.C., and Fossati, C.A. 2002. Detection and identification of a soy protein component that cross-reacts with caseins from cow's milk. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 130:49-58.
94. Wal, J.M. 1999. Recognition of allergenic structures in 'novel' food. Sciences des Aliments, 19(3/4):409-22.
95. Breiteneder, H., and Radauer, C.A. 2004. Classification of plant food allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113(5):821-830.
96. Gidamis, A.B., Mikami, B., Katsube, T., Utsumi, S., and Kito, M. 1994. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of soybean proglycinins modified by protein engineering. Biosci. Biotechnol Biochem., 58(4):703- 706.
97. Utsumi, S., Gidamis, A.B., Mikami, B., and Kito, M. 1993. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the soybean proglycinin expressed in Escherichia coli J. Mol. Biol., 233(1):177-178.
98. Adachi, M., Takenaka, Y., Gidamis, A.B., Mikami, B., and Utsumi, S. 2001. Crystal structure of soybean proglycinin A1aB1b homotrimer. J. Mol. Biol., 305(2):291-305.
99. Maruyama, N., Adachi, M., Takahashi, K., Yakasaki, K., Kohno, M., Takenaka, Y., Okuda, E., Nakagawa, S., Mikami, B., and Utsumi, S. 2001. Crystal structures of recombinant and native soybean beta-conglycinin beta homotrimers. Eur. J. Biochem., 268(12):3595-3604.
100. Breiteneder, H., and Ebner, C. 2000. Molecular and biochemical classification of plant-derived food allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 106:27-36.
101. Molina, A., Segura, A., and Garcia-Olmedo, F. 1993. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from barley and maize leaves are potent inhibitors of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. FEBS Lett., 316:119-122.
102. Baud, F., Pebay-Peyroula, E., Cohen-Addad, C., Odani, S., and Lehmann, M.S. 1993. Crystal structure of hydrophobic protein from soybean; a member of a new cysteine-rich family. J. Mol. Biol., 231(3):877-887.
103. Mills, E.N.C., Jenkins, J.A., and Bannon, G.A. 2004. Plant seed globulin allergens. In: Oxford Ed. Plant Food Allergens. London: Blackwell Science Ltd., 141-157.
104. Pastorello, E.A., Pravettoni, V., Calamari, A.M., Banfi, E., and Robino, A.M. 2002. New plant-origin food allergens. Allergy, 57(Suppl 72):106-110.
105. Seppala, U., Majamaa, H., Turjanmaa, K., Helin, J.,Reunal,T., Kalkkinen, N., and Palosuo, T. 2001. Identification of four novel potato (Solanum tuberosum) allergens belonging to the family of soybean trypsin inhibitors. Allergy, 56(7):619-626.
106. Kim, S.H., Hara, S., Hase, S., Ikenaka, T., Toda, H., Kitamura, K., and Kaizuma, N. 1985. Comparative study on amino-acid sequences of Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitors TI-A TI-3 and TI-C. J. Biochem.(Tokyo), 98(2):435-448.
107. Song, H.K., and Suh, S.W. 1998. Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitorre-visited: refined structure of its complex with porcine trypsin reveals an insight into the interaction between a homologous inhibitor from Erythrina caffra and tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Mol. Biol., 275:347-363.
108. Roychaudhuria, R., Sarathb, G., Zeece, M., and Markwell, J. 2004. Stability of the allergenic soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Biochim. Biophysic. Acta., 1699(1-2):207-212.
109. Ji, C., Boyd, C., Slaymaker, D., Okinaaka, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Midland, S.L., Sims, J.J., Herman, E., and Keen, N. 1998. Characterization of a 34-kDa soybean binding protein for the syringolide elicitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., 95(6):3306-3311.
110. Midori-Horiuti, T., Brooks, E.G., and Goldblum, R.M. 2001. Pathogenesis-related proteins of plants as allergens. Ann, allergy Asthma Immunol., 87:261-271.
111. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K. 2000. Plant allergens and pathogenesis-related proteins. What do they have in common? Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 122:155-166.
112. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K. 2002. Pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins identified as allergens. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 30:930-935.
113. Breiteneder, H., Pettenburger, K., Bito, A., Valenta, R., Kraft, D., Rumpold, H., Scheiner, O., and Breitenebach, M. 1989. The gene coding for the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, is highly homologous to a pea disease resistance response gene. EMBO J., 8(7):1938-1938.
114. Ramachandran, S., Christensen, H.E., Ishimaru, Y., Dong, C.H., ChaoMing, W., Cleary, A.L., and Chua, N.H. 2000. Profilin plays a role in cell elongation, cell shape maintenance, and flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 124(4):1637-1647.
115. Jankiewicz, A., Bahes, W., Bogl, K.W., Dehne, L.I., Jamin, A., Hoffmann, A., Haustein, D., and Vieths, S. 1997. In Vitro study of the gastrointestinal stability of celery allergens. Food Agric. Immunol., 9:203-217.
116. Jankiewicz, A., Bahes, W., Bogl, K.W., Dehne, L.I., Jamin, A., Hoffmann, A., Haustein, D., and Vieths, S. 1997. Influence of food processing on the immunochemical stability of celery allergens. J. Sci. Food Agric., 75:359-370.
117. Poms, R.E., Klein, C.L., and Anklam, E. 2004. Methods for allergen analysis in food: a review. Food Additives and Contaminants, 21(1):1-31.
118. Hitchcock, C.H.S., Bailey, F.J., Crimes, A.A., Dean, D.A.G., and Davis, P.J. 1981. Determination of soy proteins in food using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure. J. Sci. Food Agric., 32:157-165.
119. Griffiths, N.M., Billington, M.J., Crimes, A.A., and Hitchcock, C.H.S. 1984. An assessment of commercially available reagents for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of soy protein in meat products. J. Sci. Food Agric., 35:1255-1260.
120. Rittenburg, J.H., Adams, A., Palmer, J., and Allen, J.C. 1987. Improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of soy protein in meat products. J. Assoc. Off, Anal. Chem, 70:582-587.
121. Yasumuto, K., Sudo, M., and Suzuki, T. 1990. Quantitation of soya protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of its characteristic peptide. J. Sci. Food Agri., 61:19-23.
122. Heppell, L.M., Sissons, J.W., and Pedersen, H.E. 1987. A comparison of the antigenicity of soybean-based infant formulas. Br. J. Nutr., 58:393-403.
123. Brandon, D.L., Bates, A.H., and Friedman, M. 1991. ELISA analysis of soybean trypsin inhibitors in processed foods. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 289:321-337.
124. Tsuji, H., Okada, N., Yamanishi, R., Bando, N., Kimoto, M., and Ogawa, T. 1995. Measurement of Gly m Bd 30 K, a major soybean allergen, in soybean products by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59(1):150-151.
125. Yeung, J.M., and Collins, P.G. 1997. Determination of soy proteins in food products by enzyme immunoassay. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 35(3):209-214.
126. Bando, N., Tsuji,H., Hiemori, M., Yoshizumi, K., Yamanishi, R., Kimoto, M., and Ogawa, T. 1998. Quantitative analysis of Gly m Bd 28 K in soybean products by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 44(5):655-664.
127. Macedo-Silva, A, Shimokomaki, M., Vaz, A.J., Yamamoto, Y.Y., and Tenuta-Filho, A. 2001. Textured soy protein quantification in commercial hamburger. J. Food Compos Analysis, 14:469-478.
128. Boutten, B., Humbert, C., Chelbi, M., Durand, P., and Peyraud, D. 1999. Quantification of soy proteins by association of immunochemistry and video image analysis. Food Agric, Immunol., 11:51-59.
129. Hird, H., Pumphrey, R., Wilson, P., Sunderland, J., and Reece, P. 2000. Identification of peanut and hazelnut allergens by native two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis, 21:2678-2683.
130. Sander, L., Flagge, A., Merget, R., Halder, T.M., Meyer, H.E., and Baur, X. 2001. Identification of wheat flour allergens by means of 2-dimensional immunoblotting. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 107:907-913.
131. Helm, R.M., Burks, W., and Herman, E. 2002. Hypoallergenic Foods-Soybeans and peanuts. ISB News Report, October Issue, 3-5.
132. American Academy of Pediatrics. 1990. Infant formulas and allergic disease. American Academy of Pediatrics, Subcommittee on Nutrition and Allergic Disease, Evanston, III, 1990.
133. ESPAGN Committee on Nutrition. 1993. Comment on antigen-reduced infant formulae. Acta Paediatr., 82:314-319.
134. Host, A., Koletzko, B., Dreborg, S., Muraro, A., Wahn, U., Aggett, P., Bresson, J.L., Hernell, O., Lafeber, H., Michaelsen, K.F., Micheli, J.L., Rigo, J., Weaver, L., Heymans, H., Strobel, S., and Vandenplas, Y. 1999. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch. Dis. Child, 81(1):80-84.
135. Shibasaki, M., Suzuki, S., Tajima, S., Nemoto, H., and Kuraome, T. 1980. Allergenicity of major component proteins of soybean. Int. Arch. Appl. Immunol., 61:441-448.
136. Burks, A.W., Williams, L.W., Helm, R.M., Thresher, W., Brooks, J.R. and Sampson, H.A. 1990. Identification of soy protein allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis and positive soy challenges; determination of change in allergenicity after heating or enzyme digestion. In: Nutritional and lexicological consequences of food processing: Proceedings of a symposium. Washington D.C.: April 1990.
137. Burks, A.W., Williams, L.W., Thresher, W., Connaughton, C., Cockrell, G., and Helm, R.M. 1992. Allergenicity of peanut and soybean extracts altered by chemical or thermal denaturation in patients with atopic der-matitis and positive food challenges. J. Allergy Clin Immunol., 90:889-897.
138. Davis, P.J., and Williams, S.C. 1998. Protein modification by thermal processing. Allergy, 53(Suppl. 46): 102-105
139. Lakemond, C.M.M., De jongh, H.H., Hessing, M., Gruppen, H., and Voragen, A.G.J. 2000. Heat denaturation of soy glycinin: Influence of pH and ionic strenght on molecular structure. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48:1991-1995.
140. Codina, R., Oehling, A.G., and Lockey, R.F. 1998. Neoallergens in heated soybean hull. Int. Arch. Allergy. Immunol., 117(2):120-125.
141. Tsai, E., Yeung, J., Gold, M., Sussman, G., Perelman, B., and Vadas, P. 2003. Study of the allergenicity of plant protein hydrolysates. Food Allergy and Intolerance, 4(2):117-126.
142. Herian, A.M., Taylor, S.L., and Bush, R.K. 1993. Allergenic reactivity of various soybean products as determined by RAST inhibition. J. Food Sci., 58(2):385-388.
143. Tsuji, H., Okada, N., Yamanashi, R., Bando, N., Ebine, H., and Ogawa, T. 1997. Fate of major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30 K, in rice-, barley-, and soybean-koji miso (fermented soybean paste) during fermentation. Food Sci. Technol. Int. Tokyo, 3:145-149.
144. Yamanishi, R., Huang, T., Tsuji, H., Bando, N., Kimoto, M., and Ogawa, T. 1995. Reduction of the soybean allergenicity by the fermentation with Bacillus natto. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 1:14-17.
145. Yamanishi, R., Tsuji, H., Bando, N., Yamada, Y., Nadaoka, Y., Tao, H., Nishikawa, K., Emoto, S., and Ogawa, T. 1996. Reduction of the allergenicity of soybean by treatment with proteases. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 42(6):581-587.
146. Tumura, K., Kugimiya, W., Bando, N., Hiemori, M., and Ogawa, T. 1999. Preparation of hypoallergenic soybean protein with processing functionality by selective enzymatic hydrolysis. Food. Sci. Technol. Res., 5:171-175.
147. Lee, J.O., Lee, S.I., Cho, S.H., Oh, C.K., and Ryu, C.H. 2004. A new technique to produce hypoallergenic soybean proteins using three differentfermentating microorganisms. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113(2):S239.
148. Wal, J.M. 2002. Cow's milk proteins/Allergens. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 89:3-10.
149. Niggemann, B., Sielaff, B., Beyer, K., Binder, C., and Wahn, U. 1999. Outcome of double blind placebo controlled food challenge test in 107 children with atopic dermatitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 29:91-96.
150. Babiker, E.F.E., Hiroyuki, A., Matsudomi, N., Iwata, H., Ogawa, T., Bando, N., and Kato, A. 1998 Effect of polysaccharide conjugation or transglutaminase treatment on the allergenicity and functional properties of soy protein. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46(3):866-871.
151. Babiker, E.F.E, Matsudomi, N., and Kato, A. 1998. Masking of antigen structure of soybean protein by conjugation with polysaccharide and cross-linkage with microbial transglutaminase. Nahrung, 42(3-4):158-159.
152. Arita, K., Babiker, E.E., Azakami, H., and Kato, A. 2001. Effect of chemical and genetic attachment of polysaccharides to proteins on the production of IgG and IgE. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(4):2030-2036.
153. Usui, M., Tamura, H., Nakamura, K., Ogawa, T., Muroshita, M., Akazami, H., Kanuma, S., and Kato, A. 2004. Enhanced bactericidal action and masking of allergen structure of soy protein by attachment of chitosan through Maillard-type protein-polysaccharide conjugation. Nahrung/Food, 48(1):69-72.
154. Zhu, Y., Rinzema, A., Tramper, J., and Bol, J. 1995. Microbial transglutaminase - A review of its production and application in food processing. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 44(3/4):277-282.
155. Fukishima, D. 2001. Recent progress in research and technology on soybeans. Food Sci. Technol. Res., 7(1):8-16.
156. Bernard, R., Hymowitz, T., and Cremeens, C.R. 1991. Registration of 'Kunitz' soybean. Crop Sci., 31:232-233.
157. Takahashi, K., Banba, H., Kikuchi, A., Ito, M., and Nakamura, S. 1994. An induced mutant line lacking the a-subunit of β-conglycinin in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill). Breeding Sci., 44:65-66.
158. Samoto, M., Fukuda, Y., Takahashi, K., Tabuchi, K., Hiemori, M., Tsuji, H., Ogawa, T., and Kawamura, Y. 1997. Substantially complete removal of three major allergenic soybean proteins (Gly m Bd 30 K, Gly m Bd 28 K, and the α-subunit of conglycinin) from soy protein by using a mutant soybean, Tohoku 124.Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 61(12):2148- 2150.
159. Hajika, M., Takahashi, M., Sakai, S., and Matsunaga, R. 1998. Dominant inheritance of a trait lacking β-conglycinin detected in wild soybean line. Breeding Sci., 48:386-386.
160. Takahashi, M., Hajika, M., Matsunaga, R., Komatsu, K., Obata, A., and Kanegae, R. 2000. Breeding of soybean variety lacking β-conglycinin by the introduction of Seg gene from wild soybean. In: Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol., Ed. The Proceedings of the Third International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference, 45-46.
161. Helm, R.M., Cockrell, G., West, C.M., Herman, E.M., Sampson, H.A., Bannon, G.A., and Burks, A.W. 2000. Mutational analysis of the IgE-binding epitopes of P34/Gly m 1. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 105:378-384.
162. Herman, E.M., Helm, R.M., Jung, R., and Kinney, A.J. 2003. Genetic modification removes an immunodominant allergen from soybean. Plant Physiol., 132(1):36-43.
163. Kinney, A.J., and Jung, R. 2003. Hypoallergenic transgenic soybeans. US Patent, No. US2003/0041350 A1.
164. Tada, Y., Nakase, M., Adachi, T., Nakamura, R., Shimada, H., Takabashi, M., Fujimura, T., and Matsuda, T. 1996. Reduction of 14-16 kDa allergenic proteins in transgenic rice plants by antisense gene. FEBS Lett., 391:341-345.
165. Yang, G., Matsuoka, M., Iwasaki, Y., and Komatsu, S. 2003. A novel brassinolide-enhanced gene identified by cDNA microarray is involved in the growth of rice. Plant Mol. Biol., 52:843-854.