Development of microencapsulation delivery system for long-term preservation of probiotics as biotherapeutics agent

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2013, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Solanki, Himanshu K ^a,b   Pawar, Dipak D ^a   Shah, Dushyant A ^c   Prajapati, Vipul D ^a   Jani, Girish K ^a   Mulla, Akil M ^a   Thakar, Prachi M ^a  

^a SSR College of Pharmacy   (India)

^b HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY   (India)

^c APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGINIC ACID; CARRAGEENAN; CELLACEFATE; CHITOSAN; GELATIN; MILK PROTEIN; NANOCOATING; PROBIOTIC AGENT; XANTHAN;

BACILLUS COAGULANS; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIAL VIABILITY; BIFIDOBACTERIUM ADOLESCENTIS; BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS; BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUM; BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM INFANTIS; COLONY FORMING UNIT; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA COLI; LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS; LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS; LACTOBACILLUS CASEI; LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII; LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM; LACTOBACILLUS JOHNSONII; LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI; LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM; LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI; LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS; LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS; LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS CREMORIS; MICROCAPSULE; MICROENCAPSULATION; MOISTURE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; POLYMERIZATION; PROPIONIBACTERIUM FREUDENREICHII; REVIEW; SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SPRAY DRYING; STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG FORMULATION; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; LACTOBACILLUS; DRUG EFFECTS;

DRUG COMPOUNDING; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; LACTOBACILLUS; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 84884269447     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2013/620719     Document Type: Review

References (244)

1. FAO/WHO, Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food 2002 London, UK Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization
2. Fuller R., Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1989 66 5 365 378 2-s2.0-0024672720
3. Rokka S., Rantamäki P., Protecting probiotic bacteria by microencapsulation: challenges for industrial applications. European Food Research and Technology 2010 231 1 1 12 2-s2.0-77649249397 10.1007/s00217-010- 1246-2
4. Dunne C., Adaptation of bacteria to the intestinal niche: probiotics and gut disorder. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2001 7 2 136 145 2-s2.0-0034782712
5. Agheyisi R., Ga-121 probiotics: ingredients, supplements, foods. 2005 Norwalk, Conn, USA Business Communication Company
6. Hood S. K., Zottola E. A., Effect of low pH on the ability of Lactobacillus-acidophilus to survive and adhere to human intestinal cells. Journal of Food Science 1988 53 5 1514 1516
7. Klaver F. A. M., Kingma F., Weerkamp A. H., Growth and survival of bifidobacteria in milk. Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 1993 47 3-4 151 164 2-s2.0-0027135740
8. Shah N. P., Lankaputhra W. E. V., Improving viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. In yogurt. International Dairy Journal 1997 7 5 349 356 2-s2.0-0031463933 10.1016/S0958-6946(97)00023-X
9. Hughes D. B., Hoover D. G., Bifidobacteria: their potential for use in American dairy products. Food Technology 1991 45 4 74 83
10. Desmond C., Stanton C., Fitzgerald G. F., Collins K., Ross R. P., Environmental adaptation of probiotic lactobacilli towards improvement of performance during spray drying. International Dairy Journal 2012 12 2-3 183 190 2-s2.0-0036126836
11. Anal A. K., Singh H., Recent advances in microencapsulation of probiotics for industrial applications and targeted delivery. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2007 18 240 251
12. Krasaekoopt W., Bhandari B., Deeth H., The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal 2004 14 8 737 743 2-s2.0-2942744814 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.004
13. Capela P., Hay T. K. C., Shah N. P., Effect of cryoprotectants, prebiotics and microencapsulation on survival of probiotic organisms in yoghurt and freeze-dried yoghurt. Food Research International 2006 39 2 203 211 2-s2.0-28444475907 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.07.007
14. Chen K. N., Chen M. J., Lin C. W., Optimal combination of the encapsulating materials for probiotic microcapsules and its experimental verification (R1). Journal of Food Engineering 2006 79 313 320
15. Annan N. T., Borza A. D., Hansen L. T., Encapsulation in alginate-coated gelatin microspheres improves survival of the probiotic Bifidobacterium adolescentis 15703T during exposure to simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Food Research International 2008 41 2 184 193 2-s2.0-39149087327 10.1016/j.foodres.2007.11.001
16. Gbassi G. K., Vandamme T., Ennahar S., Marchioni E., Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum spp in an alginate matrix coated with whey proteins. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009 129 1 103 105 2-s2.0-57649211653 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.012
17. Heidebach T., Först P., Kulozik U., Influence of casein-based microencapsulation on freeze-drying and storage of probiotic cells. Journal of Food Engineering 2010 98 3 309 316 2-s2.0-76549088749 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010. 01.003
18. Sandoval-Castilla O., Lobato-Calleros C., García-Galindo H. S., Alvarez-Ramírez J., Vernon-Carter E. J., Textural properties of alginate-pectin beads and survivability of entrapped Lb. Casei in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in yoghurt. Food Research International 2010 43 1 111 117 2-s2.0-72449182606 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.010
19. Gibbs B. F., Kermasha S., Alli I., Mulligan C. N., Encapsulation in the food industry: a review. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 1999 50 3 213 224 2-s2.0-0032976683 10.1080/096374899101256
20. Champagne C. P., Kailasapathy K., Garti N., Encapsulation of probiotics. Delivery and Controlled Release of Bioactives in Foods and Nutraceuticals 2008 Cambridge, UK Woodhead 344 369
21. Zuidam N. J., Shimoni E., Zuidam N. J., Nedovic V., Overview of microencapsulates for use in food products or processes and methods to take them. Encapsulation Technologies for Active Food Ingredients and Food Processing 2009 New York, NY, USA Springer 3 29
22. Chen M. J., Chen K. N., Lakkis J. M., Applications of probiotic encapsulation in dairy products. Encapsulation and Controlled Release Technologies in Food Systems 2007 New York, NY, USA Wiley-Blackwell 83 107
23. Mortazavian A., Razavi S. H., Ehsani M. R., Sohrabvandi S., Principle's and method of microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 2007 5 1 1 18
24. Muthukumarasamy P., Allan-Wojtas P., Holley R. A., Stability of Lactobacillus reuteri in different types of microcapsules. Journal of Food Science 2006 71 1 M20 M24 2-s2.0-32444436780
25. 2+-induced whey protein gel and effects on their viability in a dynamic gastro-intestinal model. Journal of Microencapsulation 2005 22 6 603 619 2-s2.0-30844470928 10.1080/02652040500162840
26. Desai K. G. H., Park H. J., Recent developments in microencapsulation of food ingredients. Drying Technology 2005 23 7 1361 1394 2-s2.0-24344496972 10.1081/DRT-200063478
27. Sheu T. Y., Marshall R. T., Microencapsulation of lactobacilli in calcium alginate gels. Journal of Food Science 1993 54 557 561
28. Kebary K. M. K., Hussein S. A., Badawi R. M., Improving viability of Bifidobacteria and their effect on frozen ice milk. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science 1998 23 319 337
29. Krasaekoopt W., Bhandari B., Deeth H., Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. International Dairy Journal 2003 13 1 3 13 2-s2.0-0037284213 10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00155-3
30. Truelstrup H. L., Allan-Wojtas P. M., Jin Y. L., Paulson A. T., Survival of Ca-alginate microencapsulated Bifidobacterium spp. In milk and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Microbiology 2002 19 1 35 45 2-s2.0-0036486449 10.1006/fmic.2001.0452
31. Borgogna M., Bellich B., Zorzin L., Lapasin R., Cesàro A., Food microencapsulation of bioactive compounds: rheological and thermal characterisation of nonconventional gelling system. Food Chemistry 2010 122 2 416 423
32. Sun W., Griffiths M. W., Survival of bifidobacteria in yogurt and simulated gastric juice following immobilization in gellan-xanthan beads. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2000 61 1 17 25 2-s2.0-0034307985 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00327-5
33. Mohan J. C., Arora R., Khalilullah M., Short term hypolipidemic effects of oral Lactobacillus sporogenes therapy in patients with primary dyslipidemias. Indian Heart Journal 1990 42 5 361 364 2-s2.0-0025688761
34. Bukowska H., Pieczul-Mroz J., Jastrzebska M., Chelstowski K., Naruszewicz M., Decrease in fibrinogen and LDL-cholesterol levels upon supplementation of diet with Lactobacillus plantarum in subjects with moderately elevated cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 1998 137 2 437 438 2-s2.0-0031976890 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00283-9
35. Anderson J. W., Gilliland S. E., Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1999 18 1 43 50 2-s2.0-0033024518
36. Naruszewicz M., Johansson M., Zapolska-Downar D., Bukowska H., Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on cardiovascular disease risk factors in smokers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002 76 6 1249 1255 2-s2.0-18744378321
37. Kalliomäki M., Salminen S., Arvilommi H., Kero P., Koskinen P., Isolauri E., Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 2001 357 9262 1076 1079 2-s2.0-0035820307 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04259-8
38. Rautava S., Kalliomäki M., Isolauri E., Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109 1 119 121 2-s2.0-0036157880 10.1067/mai.2002.120273
39. Pessi T., Sütas Y., Hurme M., Isolauri E., Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 2000 30 12 1804 1808 2-s2.0-0034537411 10.1046/j.1365-2222. 2000.00948.x
40. Isolauri E., Arvola T., Sutas Y., Moilanen E., Salminen S., Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 2000 30 11 1604 1610 2-s2.0-0033677619
41. Isolauri E., Majamaa H., Arvola T., Rantala I., Virtanen E., Arvilommi H., Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats. Gastroenterology 1993 105 6 1643 1650 2-s2.0-0027135375
42. Pessi T., Sütas Y., Marttinen A., Isolauri E., Probiotics reinforce mucosal degradation of antigens in rats: implications for therapeutic use of probiotics. Journal of Nutrition 1998 128 12 2313 2318 2-s2.0-0032411153
43. Matsuzaki T., Yamazaki R., Hashimoto S., Yokokura T., The effect of oral feeding of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on immunoglobulin E production in mice. Journal of Dairy Science 1998 81 1 48 53 2-s2.0-0031612156
44. Shida K., Makino K., Morishita A., Takamizawa K., Hachimura S., Ametani A., Sato T., Kumagai Y., Habu S., Kaminogawa S., Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced IgE secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 1998 115 4 278 287 2-s2.0-6844255210 10.1159/000069458
45. Majamaa H., Isolauri E., Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1997 99 2 179 185 2-s2.0-0031041742 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70093-9
46. Pelto L., Isolauri E., Lillus E.-M., Nuutila J., Salminen S., Probiotic bacteria down-regulate the milk-induced inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 1998 28 12 1474 1479 2-s2.0-0032411882 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00449.x
47. Sütas Y., Hurme M., Isolauri E., Down-regulation of anti-CD3 antibody-induced IL-4 production by bovine caseins hydrolysed with Lactobacillus GG-derived enzymes. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 1996 43 6 687 689 2-s2.0-0029975350
48. Sütas Y., Soppi E., Korhonen H., Syväoja E., Saxelin M., Rokka T., Isolauri E., Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by bovine caseins hydrolyzed with Lactobacillus casei GG-derived enzymes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1996 98 1 216 224 2-s2.0-0029781945
49. Pelto L., Salminen S., Isolauri E., Lactobacillus GG modulates milkinduced immune inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive adults. Nutrition Today 1996 31 supplement 6 45S 47S
50. Hatakka K., Savilahti E., Pönkä A., Meurman J. H., Poussa T., Näse L., Saxelin M., Korpela R., Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. British Medical Journal 2001 322 7298 1327 1329 2-s2.0-0035796021
51. Schiffrin E. J., Rochat F., Link-Amster H., Aeschlimann J. M., Donnet-Hughes A., Immunomodulation of human blood cells following the ingestion of lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 1995 78 3 491 497 2-s2.0-0029261451
52. Schiffrin E. J., Brassart D., Servin A. L., Rochat F., Donnet-Hughes A., Immune modulation of blood leukocytes in humans by lactic acid bacteria: criteria for strain selection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997 66 supplement 2 515S 520S 2-s2.0-0030751590
53. Perdigon G., de Macias M. E. N., Alvarez S., Oliver G., Holgado A. A. P., Enhancement of immune response in mice fed with Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Journal of Dairy Science 1993 70 5 919 926 2-s2.0-0023339377
54. Tejada-Simon M. V., Lee J. H., Ustunol Z., Pestka J. J., Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium to potentiate immunoglobulin A responses to cholera toxin in mice. Journal of Dairy Science 1999 82 4 649 660 2-s2.0-0033112813
55. Hatcher G. E., Lambrecht R. S., Augmentation of macrophage phagocytic activity by cell-free extracts of selected lactic acid-producing bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 1993 76 9 2485 2492 2-s2.0-0027669172
56. Marteau P., Vaerman J., Dehennin J., Bord S., Brassart D., Pochart P., Desjeux J., Rambaud J., Effects of intrajejunal perfusion and chronic ingestion of Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La1 on serum concentrations and jejunal secretions of immunoglobulins and serum proteins in healthy humans. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 1997 21 4 293 298 2-s2.0-0031009529
57. Arunachalam K., Gill H. S., Chandra R. K., Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000 54 3 263 267 2-s2.0-0034013198 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600938
58. Chiang B. L., Sheih Y. H., Wang L. H., Liao C. K., Gill H. S., Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000 54 11 849 855 2-s2.0-0033710591
59. Sheih Y.-H., Chiang B.-L., Wang L.-H., Liao C.-K., Gill H. S., Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2001 20 2 149 156 2-s2.0-0035001855
60. Gill H. S., Rutherfurd K. J., Prasad J., Gopal P. K., Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001), Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). British Journal of Nutrition 2000 83 2 167 176 2-s2.0-0033965685
61. Armuzzi A., Cremonini F., Bartolozzi F., Canducci F., Candelli M., Ojetti V., Cammarota G., Anti M., de Lorenzo A., Pola P., Gasbarrini G., Gasbarrini A., The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side-effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001 15 2 163 169 2-s2.0-0035129632 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00923.x
62. Vanderhoof J. A., Whitney D. B., Antonson D. L., Hanner T. L., Lupo J. V., Young R. J., Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. Journal of Pediatrics 1999 135 5 564 568 2-s2.0-0033498217
63. Siitonen S., Vapaatalo H., Salminen S., Gordin A., Saxelin M., Wikberg R., Kirkkola A.-L., Effect of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Annals of Medicine 1990 22 1 57 59 2-s2.0-0025355777
64. Biller J. A., Katz A. J., Flores A. F., Buie T. M., Gorbach S. L., Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1995 21 2 224 226 2-s2.0-0029154224
65. Bennett R. G., Gorbach S. L., Goldin B. R., Treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhea with Lactobacillus GG. Nutrition Today 1996 31 35S 39S
66. Black F., Einarsson K., Lidbeck A., Orrhage K., Nord C. E., Effect of lactic acid producing bacteria on the human intestinal microflora during ampicillin treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1991 23 2 247 254 2-s2.0-0025905402
67. Hickson M., D'Souza A. L., Muthu N., Rogers T. R., Want S., Rajkumar C., Bulpitt C. J., Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. British Medical Journal 2007 335, article 80 10.1136/bmj.39231.599815.55
68. Surawicz C. M., Elmer G. W., Speelman P., McFarland L. V., Chinn J., van Belle G., Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1989 96 4 981 988 2-s2.0-0024562960
69. McFarland L. V., Surawicz C. M., Greenberg R. N., Elmer G. W., Moyer K. A., Melcher S. A., Bowen K. E., Cox J. L., Prevention of β -lactam-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii compared with placebo. American Journal of Gastroenterology 1995 90 3 439 448 2-s2.0-0028985777
70. Cremonini F., Di Caro S., Covino M., Armuzzi A., Gabrielli M., Santarelli L., Nista E. C., Cammarota G., Gasbarrini G., Gasbarrini A., Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002 97 11 2744 2749 2-s2.0-0036840803
71. Arvola T., Laiho K., Torkkeli S., Mykkänen H., Salminen S., Maunula L., Isolauri E., Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with respiratory infections: a randomized study. Pediatrics 1999 104 5 1 4 2-s2.0-0033229628
72. Levy J., Experience with live Lactobacillus plantarum 299V: a promising adjunct in the management of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 1997 112, article A379
73. Gotteland M., Cruchet S., Verbeke S., Effect of lactobacillus ingestion on the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier alterations induced by indometacin in humans. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001 15 1 11 17 2-s2.0-0035182040 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00898.x
74. Jahn H., Ullrich R., Schneider T., Liehr R., Schieferdecker H. L., Holst H., Zeitz M., Immunological and trophical effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on the small intestine in healthy human volunteers. Digestion 1996 57 2 95 104 2-s2.0-0040699797
75. Buts J.-P., de Keyser N., de Raedemaeker L., Saccharomyces boulardii enhances rat intestinal enzyme expression by endoluminal release of polyamines. Pediatric Research 1994 36 4 522 527 2-s2.0-0027983624
76. Shornikova A., Casas I. A., Mykkänen H., Salo E., Vesikari T., Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus reuteri in rotavirus gastroenteritis. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1997 16 12 1103 1107 2-s2.0-0031456442 10.1097/00006454-199712000-00002
77. Mack D. R., Michail S., Wei S., McDougall L., Hollingsworth M. A., Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. Coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. American Journal of Physiology 1999 276 4 G941 G950 2-s2.0-0032958362
78. Shornikova A.-V., Isolauri E., Burkanova L., Lukovnikova S., Vesikari T., A trial in the Karelian Republic of oral rehydration and Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 1997 86 5 460 465 2-s2.0-0030974447
79. Kaila M., Isolauri E., Soppi E., Virtanen E., Laine S., Arvilommi H., Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain. Pediatric Research 1992 32 2 141 144 2-s2.0-0026724964
80. Saavedra J. M., Bauman N. A., Oung I., Perman J. A., Yolken R. H., Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus. The Lancet 1994 344 8929 1046 1049 2-s2.0-0028050316 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91708-6
81. Gonzalez S., Albarracin G., Pesce M. L., Appela M., Holgado A. P., Oliver G., Prevention of infantile diarrhoea by fermented milk. Microbiologie, Aliments, Nutrition 1990 8 349 354
82. Gonzalez S. N., Cardozo R., Apella M. C., Oliver G., Biotherapeutic role of fermented milk. Biotherapy 1994 8 2 129 134 2-s2.0-0028702017 10.1007/BF01878496
83. Sugita T., Togowa M., Efficacy of Lactobacillus preparation Biolactis powder in children with rotavirus enteritis. Japan Journal of Pediatrics 1994 47 213 220
84. Michail S., Abernathy F., Lactobacillus plantarum reduces the in vitro secretory response of intestinal epithelial cells to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2002 35 3 350 355 2-s2.0-0036733412 10.1097/00005176-200209000-00021
85. Ogawa M., Shimizu K., Nomoto K., Takahashi M., Watanuki M., Tanaka R., Tanaka T., Hamabata T., Yamasaki S., Takeda Y., Protective effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in infant rabbits. Infection and Immunity 2001 69 2 1101 1108 2-s2.0-0035140141 10.1128/IAI.69.2.1101-1108.2001
86. Pérez P. F., Minnaard J., Rouvet M., Knabenhans C., Brassart D., de Antoni G. L., Schiffrin E. J., Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by extracellular factors from lactobacilli: an in vitro study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001 67 3-12 5037 5042 2-s2.0-0035516183
87. Adlerberth I., Ahrné S., Johansson M., Molin G., Hanson L. A., Wold A. E., A mannose-specific adherence mechanism in Lactobacillus plantarum conferring binding to the human colonic cell line HT-29. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1996 62 7 2244 2251 2-s2.0-0030015501
88. Silva M., Jacobus N. V., Deneke C., Gorbach S. L., Antimicrobial substance from a human Lactobacillus strain. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1987 31 8 1231 1233 2-s2.0-0023628787
89. Bouglé D., Roland N., Lebeurrier F., Arhan P., Effect of propionibacteria supplementation on fecal bifidobacteria and segmental colonic transit time in healthy human subjects. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1999 34 2 144 148 2-s2.0-0033033684
90. Spanhaak S., Havenaar R., Schaafsma G., The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998 52 12 899 907 2-s2.0-0032416591
91. Bernet M. F., Brassart D., Neeser J. R., Servin A. L., Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria. Gut 1994 35 4 483 489 2-s2.0-0028202974
92. Johansson M.-L., Molin G., Jeppsson B., Nobaek S., Ahrne S., Bengmark S., Administration of different Lactobacillus strains in fermented oatmeal soup: in vivo colonization of human intestinal mucosa and effect on the indigenous flora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1993 59 1 15 20 2-s2.0-0027397765
93. Jacobsen C. N., Nielsen V. R., Hayford A. E., Møller P. L., Michaelsen K. F., Pærregaard A., Sandström B., Tvede M., Jakobsen M., Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1999 65 11 4949 4956 2-s2.0-0032705905
94. Montes R. G., Bayless T. M., Saavedra J. M., Perman J. A., Effect of milks inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus or a yogurt starter culture in lactose-maldigesting children. Journal of Dairy Science 1995 78 8 1657 1664 2-s2.0-0029349319
95. Noh D. O., Gilliland S. E., Influence of bile on cellular integrity and beta-galactosidase activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Journal of Dairy Science 1993 76 5 1253 1259 2-s2.0-0027601549
96. Lin M. Y., Savaiano D., Harlander S., Influence of nonfermented dairy products containing bacterial starter cultures on lactose maldigestion in humans. Journal of Dairy Science 1991 74 1 87 95 2-s2.0-0025984046
97. Jiang T., Savaiano D. A., In vitro lactose fermentation by human colonic bacteria is modified by Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation. Journal of Nutrition 1997 127 8 1489 1495 2-s2.0-0030752216
98. Kim H. S., Gilliland S. E., Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct for milk to aid lactose digestion in humans. Journal of Dairy Science 1983 66 5 959 966 2-s2.0-0020761137
99. Rasic J., Klem I., Jovanovic D., Ac M., Antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus against Heelicobacter pylori in vitro. Archives of Gastroenterohepatology 1995 14 4 158 160 2-s2.0-0029165760
100. Michetti P., Dorta G., Wiesel P. H., Brassart D., Verdu E., Herranz M., Felley C., Porta N., Rouvet M., Blum A. L., Corthésy-Theulaz I., Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (johnsonii) La1 on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. Digestion 1999 60 3 203 209 2-s2.0-0032930405 10.1159/000007660
101. Felley C. P., Corthésy-Theulaz I., Rivero J.-L., Sipponen P., Kaufmann M., Bauerfeind P., Wiesel P. H., Brassart D., Pfeifer A., Blum A. L., Michetti P., Favourable effect of an acidified milk (LC-1) on Helicobacter pylori gastritis in man. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1999 13 1 25 29 2-s2.0-0035140016
102. Coconnier M., Lievin V., Hemery E., Servin A. L., Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo by the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1998 64 11 4573 4580 2-s2.0-0031765113
103. Niedzielin K., Kordecki H., Birkenfeld B., A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2001 13 10 1143 1147 2-s2.0-0034767063 10.1097/00042737-200110000- 00004
104. Nobaek S., Johansson M., Molin G., Ahrné S., Jeppsson B., Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2000 95 5 1231 1238 2-s2.0-0034059773 10.1016/S0002-9270(00) 00807-8
105. Bazzocchi G., Campieri M., Gionchetti P., Change in colonic function and fecal microbiological and enzymatic activities induced by a new probiotic preparation. Gastroenterology International 1998 11 supplement 1, article 111
106. Salminen E., Elomaa I., Minkkinen J., Vapaatalo H., Salminen S., Preservation of intestinal integrity during radiotherapy using live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. Clinical Radiology 1988 39 4 435 437 2-s2.0-0023924067
107. Delia P., Sansotta G., Donato V., Messina G., Frosina P., Pergolizzi S., de Renzis C., Famularo G., Prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea with the use of VSL#3, a new high-potency probiotic preparation. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002 97 8 2150 2152 2-s2.0-0036677356 10.1016/S0002-9270(02) 04303-4
108. Oksanen P. J., Salminen S., Saxelin M., Hamalainen P., Ihantola-Vormisto A., Muurasniemi-Isoviita L., Nikkari S., Oksanen T., Porsti I., Salminen E., Siitonen S., Stuckey H., Toppila A., Vapaatalo H., Prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG. Annals of Medicine 1990 22 1 53 56 2-s2.0-0025266067
109. Ouwehand A. C., Kirjavainen P. V., Shortt C., Salminen S., Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. International Dairy Journal 1999 9 1 43 52 2-s2.0-0032800562 10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00043-6
110. Elmer G. W., Surawicz C. M., McFarland L. V., Biotherapeutic agents: a neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. Journal of the American Medical Association 1996 275 11 870 876 2-s2.0-0029919917 10.1001/jama.275.11.870
111. Malin M., Suomalainen H., Saxelin M., Isolauri E., Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohn's disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 1996 40 3 137 145 2-s2.0-0029790416
112. Gupta P., Andrew H., Kirschner B. S., Guandalini S., Is Lactobacillus GG helpful in children with Crohn's disease? Results of a preliminary, open-label study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2000 31 4 453 457 2-s2.0-0033819854 10.1097/00005176-200010000-00024
113. Guslandi M., Mezzi G., Sorghi M., Testoni P. A., Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2000 45 7 1462 1464 2-s2.0-0033870413 10.1023/A:1005588911207
114. Plein K., Hotz J., Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea-a pilot study. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 1993 31 2 129 134 2-s2.0-0027502522
115. Venturi A., Gionchetti P., Rizzello F., Johansson R., Zucconi E., Brigidi P., Matteuzzi D., Campieri M., Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999 13 8 1103 1108 2-s2.0-0032815979 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00560.x
116. Kruis W., Schutz E., Fric P., Fixa B., Judmaier G., Stolte M., Double-blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli prepration and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1997 11 5 853 858 2-s2.0-0030611915
117. Rembacken B. J., Snelling A. M., Hawkey P. M., Chalmers D. M., Axon A. T. R., Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. The Lancet 1999 354 9179 635 639 2-s2.0-0033592203 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06343-0
118. Gionchetti P., Rizzello F., Venturi A., Brigidi P., Matteuzzi D., Bazzocchi G., Poggioli G., Miglioli M., Campieri M., Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000 119 2 584 587 2-s2.0-0033860601
119. Kennedy R. J., Kirk S. J., Gardiner K. R., Probiotics in IBD. Gut 2001 49 6 873 2-s2.0-0035191788 10.1136/gut.49.6.873
120. Ling W. H. L., Korpela R., Mykkanen H., Salminen S., Hanninen O., Lactobacillus strain GG supplementation decreases colonic hydrolytic and reductive enzyme activities in healthy female adults. Journal of Nutrition 1994 124 1 18 23 2-s2.0-0028147437
121. Bailey P., Shahani K., Inhibitory effect of acidophilus cultured colostrum and milk upon the proliferation of ascites tumor. Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association 1979
122. McIntosh G. H., Royle P. J., Playne M. J., A probiotic strain of L. Acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male sprague-dawley rats. Nutrition and Cancer 1999 35 2 153 159 2-s2.0-0033493512
123. Goldin B. R., Gorbach S. L., The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1984 39 5 756 761 2-s2.0-0021279858
124. Bogdanov I. G., Dalev P. G., Gurevich A. I., Antitumour glycopeptides from Lactobacillus bulgaricus cell wall. FEBS Letters 1975 57 3 8 2-s2.0-0016754475
125. Reid G., Bruce A. W., Taylor M., Influence of three-day antimicrobial therapy and lactobacillus vaginal suppositories on recurrence or urinary tract infections. Clinical Therapeutics 1992 14 1 11 16 2-s2.0-0026549347
126. Bruce A. W., Reid G., McGroarty J. A., Taylor M., Preston C., Preliminary study on the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in adult women using intravaginal Lactobacilli. International Urogynecology Journal 1992 3 1 22 25 2-s2.0-0002607736 10.1007/BF00372644
127. Reid G., Bruce A. W., Fraser N., Heinemann C., Owen J., Henning B., Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2001 30 1 49 52 2-s2.0-0035130783 10.1016/S0928-8244(00)00233-9
128. Reid G., Probiotic therapy and functional foods for the prevention of urinary tract infections: state of the art and science. Current Infectious Disease Reports 2000 2 518 522
129. Reid G., Bruce A. W., Selection of Lactobacillus strains for urogenital probiotic applications. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001 183 supplement 1 S77 S80 2-s2.0-0035283076 10.1086/318841
130. Reid G., Bruce A. W., Cook R. L., Llano M., Effect of urogenital flora of antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1990 22 1 43 47 2-s2.0-0025177021
131. Reid G., Bruce A. W., Taylor M., Instillation of Lactobacillus and stimulation of indigenous organisms to prevent recurrence of urinary tract infections. Microecology and Therapy 1995 23 32 45
132. Reid G., In vitro testing of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM(TM) as a possible probiotic for the urogenital tract. International Dairy Journal 2000 10 5-6 415 419 2-s2.0-0033820760 10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00059-5
133. Williams A. B., Yu C., Tashima K., Burgess J., Danvers K., Evaluation of
134. Hilton E., Isenberg H. D., Alperstein P., France K., Borenstein M. T., Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992 116 5 353 357 2-s2.0-0026602476
135. Wagner R. D., Pierson C., Warner T., Dohnalek M., Farmer J., Roberts L., Hilty M., Balish E., Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. Infection and Immunity 1997 65 10 4165 4172 2-s2.0-0030879819
136. Plockova M., Chumchalova J., Tomanova J., Antifungal activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus, CH5 metabolites. Potravinarske Vedy 1997 15 1 39 48
137. Hilton E., Rindos P., Isenberg H. D., Lactobacillus GG vaginal suppositories and vaginitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1995 33 5 1433 2-s2.0-0028933085
138. Cadieux P., Burton J., Gardiner G., Braunstein I., Bruce A. W., Kang C. Y., Reid G., Lactobacillus strains and vaginal ecology. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002 287 15 1940 1941 2-s2.0-0037123254
139. Sridar R., Nguyen M., Kailasapathy K., Studies on the effect of encapsulation on the survival of probiotic microorganisms under high acid and bile conditions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2003 40 5 458 460 2-s2.0-1242332973
140. Kailasapathy K., Masondole L., Survival of free and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and their effect on texture of feta cheese. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 2005 60 3 252 258 2-s2.0-27744565303
141. Picot A., Lacroix C., Encapsulation of bifidobacteria in whey protein-based microcapsules and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in yoghurt. International Dairy Journal 2004 14 6 505 515 2-s2.0-1842591242 10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.10.008
142. Chan E. S., Zhang Z., Bioencapsulation by compression coating of probiotic bacteria for their protection in an acidic medium. Process Biochemistry 2005 40 10 3346 3351 2-s2.0-27744598994 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03. 001
143. Hou R. C. W., Lin M. Y., Wang M. M. C., Tzen J. T. C., Increase of viability of entrapped cells of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in artificial sesame oil emulsions. Journal of Dairy Science 2003 86 2 424 428 2-s2.0-0038515421
144. Ding W. K., Shah N. P., Effect of various encapsulating materials on the stability of probiotic bacteria. Journal of Food Science 2009 74 2 M100 M107 2-s2.0-62549098572 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01067.x
145. Sohail A., Turner M. S., Coombes A., Bostrom T., Bhandari B., Survivability of probiotics encapsulated in alginate gel microbeads using a novel impinging aerosols method. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2011 145 1 162 168 2-s2.0-79951556308 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.12.007
146. Gouin S., Microencapsulation: industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2004 15 7-8 330 347 2-s2.0-2342630757 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.10.005
147. Zhou Y., Martins E., Groboillot A., Champagne C. P., Neufeld R. J., Spectrophotometric quantification of lactic bacteria in alginate and control of cell release with chitosan coating. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1998 84 3 342 348 2-s2.0-0031921766
148. Prevost H., Divies C., Rousseau E., Continuous yoghurt production with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus entrapped in Ca-alginate. Biotechnology Letters 1985 7 4 247 252 2-s2.0-0000806821 10.1007/BF01042371
149. Prevost H., Divies C., Fresh fermented cheese production with continuous pre-fermented milk by a mixed culture of mesophilic lactic streptococci entrapped in Ca-Al ginate. Biotechnology Letters 1987 9 11 789 794 2-s2.0-0001163858 10.1007/BF01028285
150. Steenson L. R., Klaenhammer T. R., Swaisgood H. E., Calcium alginate-immobilized cultures of lactic Streptococci are protected from bacteriophages. Journal of Dairy Science 1987 70 6 1121 1127 2-s2.0-0023359821
151. Kearney L., Upton M., McLoughlin A., Enhancing the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum by immobilizing the cells in calcium-alginate beads incorporating cryoprotectants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1990 56 10 3112 3116 2-s2.0-0025143274
152. Prevost H., Divies C., Cream fermentation by a mixed culture of Lactococci entrapped in two-layer calcium alginate gel beads. Biotechnology Letters 1992 14 7 583 588 2-s2.0-0026695332
153. Morin N., Bernier-Cardou M., Champagne C. P., Production of Lactococcus lactis biomass by immobilized cell technology. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 1992 9 2 131 135 2-s2.0-0026816638
154. Champagne C. P., Girard F., Rodrigue N., Production of concentrated suspensions of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria in calcium-alginate beads. International Dairy Journal 1993 3 3 257 275 2-s2.0-0000463292
155. Cachon R., Divies C., Localization of Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis bv diacetylactis in alginate gel beads affects biomass density and synthesis of several enzymes involved in lactose and citrate metabolism. Biotechnology Techniques 1993 7 6 453 456 2-s2.0-0002302916 10.1007/BF00155479
156. Jankowski T., Zielinska M., Wysakowska A., Encapsulation of lactic acid bacteria with alginate/starch capsules. Biotechnology Techniques 1997 11 1 31 34 2-s2.0-0030903962
157. McMaster L. D., Kokott S. A., Slatter P., Micro-encapsulation of Bifidobacterium lactis for incorporation into soft foods. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2005 21 5 723 728 2-s2.0-23044491474 10.1007/s11274-004-4798-0
158. McMaster L. D., Kokott S. A., Reid S. J., Abratt V. R., Use of traditional African fermented beverages as delivery vehicles for Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2005 102 2 231 237 2-s2.0-21244462778 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.013
159. Champagne C. P., Gaudy C., Poncelet D., Neufeld R. J., Lactococcus lactis release from calcium alginate beads. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1992 58 5 1429 1434 2-s2.0-0026763804
160. Martoni C., Bhathena J., Urbanska A. M., Prakash S., Microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase producing Lactobacillus reuteri for oral targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2008 81 2 225 233 2-s2.0-55649109066 10.1007/s00253-008-1642-8
161. Chandramouli V., Kailasapathy K., Peiris P., Jones M., An improved method of microencapsulation and its evaluation to protect Lactobacillus spp. In simulated gastric conditions. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2004 56 1 27 35 2-s2.0-0347360148 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.09.002
162. Graff S., Chaumeil J., Boy P., Lai-Kuen R., Charrueau C., Formulations for protecting the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii from degradation in acidic condition. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2008 31 2 266 272 2-s2.0-38849083178 10.1248/bpb.31.266
163. Chen M., Chen K., Kuo Y., Optimal thermotolerance of Bifidobacterium bifidum in gellan-alginate microparticles. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2007 98 2 411 419 2-s2.0-34948851453 10.1002/bit.21450
164. Chen K., Chen M., Lin C., Optimal combination of the encapsulating materials for probiotic microcapsules and its experimental verification (R1). Journal of Food Engineering 2006 76 3 313 320 2-s2.0-33646398128 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.05.036
165. Lee K., Heo T., Survival of Bifidobacterium longum immobilized in calcium alginate beads in simulated gastric juices and bile salt solution. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2000 66 2 869 873 2-s2.0-0033981046 10.1128/AEM.66.2.869-873.2000
166. Muthukumarasamy P., Holley R. A., Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dry fermented sausages containing micro-encapsulated probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Food Microbiology 2007 24 1 82 88 2-s2.0-33746706936 10.1016/j.fm.2006.03.004
167. Muthukumarasamy P., Holley R. A., Microbiological and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages containing alginate-microencapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2006 111 2 164 169 2-s2.0-33747826630 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.036
168. Kailasapathy K., Survival of free and encapsulated probiotic bacteria and their effect on the sensory properties of yoghurt. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie 2006 39 10 1221 1227 2-s2.0-33745435175 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.07. 013
169. Dinakar P., Mistry V. V., Growth and viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum in cheddar cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 1994 77 10 2854 2864 2-s2.0-0028522913
170. Audet P., Paquin C., Lacroix C., Immobilized growing lactic acid bacteria with -carrageenan-locust bean gum gel. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 1988 29 1 11 18 2-s2.0-33847281947 10.1007/BF00258344
171. Rao A. V., Shiwnarain N., Maharaj I., Survival of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 1989 22 4 345 349
172. Sheu T. Y., Marshall R. T., Improving culture viability in frozen dairy desserts by microencapsulation. Journal of Dairy Science 1991 74 supplement 1, article 107
173. Arnaud J.-P., Lacroix C., Choplin L., Effect of agitation rate on cell release rate and metabolism during continuous fermentation with entrapped growing-Lactobacillus casei subsp. Casei. Biotechnology Techniques 1992 6 3 265 270 2-s2.0-51249168813 10.1007/BF02439356
174. Groboillot A. F., Champagne C. P., Darling G. D., Poncelet D., Neufeld R. J., Membrane formation by interfacial cross-linking of chitosan for microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1993 42 10 1157 1163 2-s2.0-0027703539 10.1002/bit.260421005
175. Sheu T. Y., Marshall R. T., Heymann H., Improving survival of culture bacteria in frozen desserts by microentrapment. Journal of Dairy Science 1993 76 7 1902 1907 2-s2.0-0027634018
176. Hyndman C. L., Groboillot A. F., Poncelet D., Champagne C. P., Neufeld R. J., Microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis within cross-linked gelatin membranes. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 1993 56 3 259 263 2-s2.0-0027402251
177. Larisch B. C., Poncelet D., Champagne C. P., Neufeld R. J., Microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris. Journal of Microencapsulation 1994 11 2 189 195 2-s2.0-0028202760
178. Mandal S., Puniya A. K., Singh K., Effect of alginate concentrations on survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei NCDC-298. International Dairy Journal 2006 16 10 1190 1195 2-s2.0-33745051599 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.10.005
179. Lee J. S., Cha D. S., Park H. J., Survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus KFRI 673 in chitosan-coated calcium alginate microparticles. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004 52 24 7300 7305 2-s2.0-9344268283 10.1021/jf040235k
180. Homayouni A., Azizi A., Ehsani M. R., Yarmand M. S., Razavi S. H., Effect of microencapsulation and resistant starch on the probiotic survival and sensory properties of synbiotic ice cream. Food Chemistry 2008 111 1 50 55 2-s2.0-43649103260 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.036
181. Sultana K., Godward G., Reynolds N., Arumugaswamy R., Peiris P., Kailasapathy K., Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate-starch and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in yoghurt. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2000 62 1-2 47 55 2-s2.0-0034610465 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00380-9
182. Annan N. T., Borza A. D., Hansen L. T., Encapsulation in alginate-coated gelatin microspheres improves survival of the probiotic Bifidobacterium adolescentis 15703T during exposure to simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Food Research International 2008 41 2 184 193 2-s2.0-39149087327 10.1016/j.foodres.2007.11.001
183. Lian W., Hsiao H., Chou C., Survival of bifidobacteria after spray-drying. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2002 74 1-2 79 86 2-s2.0-0037170814 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00733-4
184. Lian W., Hsiao H., Chou C., Viability of microencapsulated bifidobacteria in simulated gastric juice and bile solution. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003 86 3 293 301 2-s2.0-0043166822 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00563-9
185. Hsiao H., Lian W., Chou C., Effect of packaging conditions and temperature on viability of microencapsulated bifidobacteria during storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2004 84 2 134 139 2-s2.0-0842287842 10.1002/jsfa.1616
186. Gardiner G. E., Bouchier P., O'Sullivan E., Kelly J., Kevin Collins J., Fitzgerald G., Paul Ross R., Stanton C., A spray-dried culture for probiotic Cheddar cheese manufacture. International Dairy Journal 2002 12 9 749 756 2-s2.0-0036383409 10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00072-9
187. Ananta E., Volkert M., Knorr D., Cellular injuries and storage stability of spray-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. International Dairy Journal 2005 15 4 399 409 2-s2.0-12344284028 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.08.004
188. Picot A., Lacroix C., Effects of micronization on viability and thermotolerance of probiotic freeze-dried cultures. International Dairy Journal 2003 13 6 455 462 2-s2.0-0038706046 10.1016/S0958-6946(03)00050-5
189. O'Riordan K., Andrews D., Buckle K., Conway P., Evaluation of microencapsulation of a Bifidobacterium strain with starch as an approach to prolonging viability during storage. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2001 91 6 1059 1066 2-s2.0-0035207214 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01472.x
190. Su L., Lin C., Chen M., Development of an Oriental-style dairy product coagulated by microcapsules containing probiotics and filtrates from fermented rice. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2007 60 1 49 54 2-s2.0-33846609658 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00292.x
191. Fávaro-Trindade C. S., Grosso C. R. F., Microencapsulation of L. acidophilus (La-05) and B. lactis (Bb-12) and evaluation of their survival at the pH values of the stomach and in bile. Journal of Microencapsulation 2002 19 4 485 494 2-s2.0-0036658442 10.1080/02652040210140715
192. Desmond C., Ross R. P., O'Callaghan E., Fitzgerald G., Stanton C., Improved survival of Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 in spray-dried powders containing gum acacia. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2002 93 6 1003 1011 2-s2.0-0036444591 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01782.x
193. Madene A., Jacquot M., Scher J., Desobry S., Flavour encapsulation and controlled release-a review. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2006 41 1 1 21 2-s2.0-33645163896 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.00980.x
194. Kailasapathy K., Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: technology and potential applications. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology 2002 3 2 39 48 2-s2.0-0036755881
195. Santivarangkna C., Kulozik U., Foerst P., Alternative drying processes for the industrial preservation of lactic acid starter cultures. Biotechnology Progress 2007 23 2 302 315 2-s2.0-34247184750 10.1021/bp060268f
196. Roelans E., Taeymans D., Spiess W. E. L., Schubert H., Effect of drying condition on survival and enzyme activity of microorganisms. Engineering and Food Volume 3 1990 London, UK Elsevier Applied Science 559 569 Advanced Process
197. Linders L. J. M., Wolkers W. F., Hoekstra F. A., van't Riet K., Effect of added carbohydrate on membrane phase behaviour and survival of dried Lactobacillus plantarum. Cryobiology 1997 35 1 31 40 2-s2.0-0031201830
198. Selmer-Olsen E., Sørhaug T., Birkeland S.-E., Pohrson R., Survival of Lactobacillus helveticus entrapped in Ca-alginate in relation to water content, storage and rehydration. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 1999 23 2 79 85 2-s2.0-0032843620 10.1038/sj.jim.2900693
199. Mille Y., Obert J., Beney L., Gervais P., New drying process for lactic bacteria based on their dehydration behavior in liquid medium. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2004 88 1 71 76 2-s2.0-6344292476 10.1002/bit.20211
200. Semyonov D., Ramon O., Kaplun Z., Levin-Brener L., Gurevich N., Shimoni E., Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus paracasei by spray freeze drying. Food Research International 2010 43 1 193 202 2-s2.0-72149101584 10.1016/j.foodres. 2009.09.028
201. Martinsen A., Skjak-Braek G., Smidsrod O., Alginate as immobilization material: i. Correlation between chemical and physical properties of alginate gel beads. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1989 33 1 79 89 2-s2.0-0024961653
202. Klein J., Stock J., Vorlop K.-D., Pore size and properties of spherical Ca-alginate biocatalysts. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 1983 18 2 86 91 2-s2.0-0002630440 10.1007/BF00500829
203. Eikmeier H., Rehm H. J., Stability of calcium-alginate during citric acid production of immobilized Aspergillus niger. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 1987 26 2 105 111 2-s2.0-0023187901
204. Ellenton J. C., Encapsulation bifidobacteria [M.S. thesis] 1998 Guelph, Canada University of Guelph
205. Cook M. T., Tzortzis G., Charalampopoulos D., Khutoryanskiy V. V., Microencapsulation of probiotics for gastrointestinal delivery. Journal of Controlled Release 2012 162 56 57
206. Champagene C. P., Fustier P., Microencapsulation for delivery of probiotics and other ingredients in functional dairy products. Functional Dairy Products 2007 2 404 426
207. Gbassi G. K., Vandamme T., Probiotic encapsulation technology: from microencapsulation to release into the gut. Pharmaceutics 2012 4 1 149 163 2-s2.0-84858804768 10.3390/pharmaceutics4010149
208. King A. H., Sara J. R., Gary A. R., Encapsulation of food ingredients: a review of available technology, focussing on hydrocolloid. Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Food Ingredients 590 Washington, DC, USA American Chemical Society 26 39 ACS Symposium Series
209. Kailasapathy K., Encapsulation technologies for functional foods and nutraceutical product development. CAB Reviews 2009 4 6 1 19 2-s2.0-70449479480 10.1079/PAVSNNR20094033
210. de Vos P., Faas M. M., Spasojevic M., Sikkema J., Encapsulation for preservation of functionality and targeted delivery of bioactive food components. International Dairy Journal 2010 20 4 292 302 2-s2.0-75349112726 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.11.008
211. Smidsrod O., Skjak-Braek G., Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells. Trends in Biotechnology 1990 8 3 71 75 2-s2.0-0025391442
212. Overgaard S., Scharer J. M., Moo-Young M., Bols N. C., Immobilization of hybridoma cells in chitosan alginate beads. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 1991 69 2 439 443 2-s2.0-0026139557
213. Lacroix C., Paquin C., Arnaud J.-P., Batch fermentation with entrapped growing cells of Lactobacillus casei. Optimization of the rheological properties of the entrapment gel matrix. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 1990 32 4 403 408 2-s2.0-0025259290
214. Adamson A. W., Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 1982 New York, NY, USA Wiley
215. Heidebach T., Först P., Kulozik U., Microencapsulation of probiotic cells by means of rennet-gelation of milk proteins. Food Hydrocolloids 2009 23 7 1670 1677 2-s2.0-67349288077 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.01.006
216. Heidebach T., Först P., Kulozik U., Transglutaminase-induced caseinate gelation for the microencapsulation of probiotic cells. International Dairy Journal 2009 19 2 77 84 2-s2.0-56449121365 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.08.003
217. Livney Y. D., Milk proteins as vehicles for bioactives. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science 2010 15 1-2 73 83 2-s2.0-75849156917 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.11.002
218. Yáñez-Fernández J., Ramos-Ramírez E. G., Salazar-Montoya J. A., Rheological characterization of dispersions and emulsions used in the preparation of microcapsules obtained by interfacial polymerization containing Lactobacillus sp. European Food Research and Technology 2008 226 5 957 966 2-s2.0-38949169517 10.1007/s00217-007-0617-9
219. Dimantov A., Greenberg M., Kesselman E., Shimoni E., Study of high amylose corn starch as food grade enteric coating in a microcapsule model system. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 2003 5 1 93 100 2-s2.0-1542379045 10.1016/j.ifset.2003.11.003
220. Pikal M. J., Freeze-drying of protein, part-I: process design. PharmTech International 1991 1 37 43
221. Donthidi A. R., Tester R. F., Aidoo K. E., Effect of lecithin and starch on alginate-encapsulated probiotic bacteria. Journal of Microencapsulation 2010 27 1 67 77 2-s2.0-75449115367 10.3109/02652040902982183
222. Huyghebaert N., Vermeire A., Rottiers P., Remaut E., Remon J. P., Development of an enteric-coated, layered multi-particulate formulation for ileal delivery of viable recombinant Lactococcus lactis. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2005 61 3 134 141 2-s2.0-26444444081 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.04.002
223. Hayashi H., Kumazawa E., Saeki Y., Ishioka Y., Continuous vaccum dryer for energy saving. Drying Technology 1983 1 2 275 284 2-s2.0-0020914157
224. Wang Z. L., Finlay W. H., Peppler M. S., Sweeney L. G., Powder formation by atmospheric spray-freeze-drying. Powder Technology 2006 170 1 45 52 2-s2.0-33750842699 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.08.019
225. Durand H., Panes J., Particles containing coated living micro-organisms, and method for producing same. US patent and Trademark Office, N20030109025
226. Truong V., Clare D. A., Catignani G. L., Swaisgood H. E., Cross-linking and rheological changes of whey protein treated with microbial transglutaminase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004 52 5 1170 1176 2-s2.0-1542286959
227. Bhandari B. R., Datta N., D'Arcy B. R., Rintoul G. B., Co-crystallization of honey with sucrose. Food Science and Technology 1998 31 2 138 142 2-s2.0-0032016166
228. Hedges A., McBride C., Utilization of β -cyclodextrin in food. Cereal Foods World 1999 44 10 700 704 2-s2.0-0033211924
229. Gentile F. T., Doherty E. J., Rein D. H., Shoichet M. S., Winn S. R., Polymer science for macroencapsulation of cells for central nervous system transplantation. Reactive Polymers 1995 25 2-3 207 227 2-s2.0-0029328046
230. Dong Z., Wang Q., Du Y., Alginate/gelatin blend films and their properties for drug controlled release. Journal of Membrane Science 2006 280 1-2 37 44 2-s2.0-33745685792 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.002
231. 2+-gelation. Carbohydrate Polymers 1998 35 1-2 1 6 2-s2.0-0031626463
232. Harnsilawat T., Pongsawatmanit R., McClements D. J., Characterization of β -lactoglobulin-sodium alginate interactions in aqueous solutions: a calorimetry, light scattering, electrophoretic mobility and solubility study. Food Hydrocolloids 2006 20 5 577 585 2-s2.0-32944461715 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2005. 05.005
233. Hansen L. T., Allan-Wojtas P. M., Jin Y.-L., Paulson A. T., Survival of Ca-alginate microencapsulated Bifidobacterium spp. In milk and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Microbiology 2002 19 1 35 45 2-s2.0-0036486449 10.1006/fmic.2001.0452
234. Fanta G. F., Knutson C. A., Eskins K. S., Felker F. C., Starch microcapsules for delivery of active agents. US patent. 2001, 6, 238, 677
235. Haralampu S. G., Resistant starch-a review of the physical properties and biological impact of RS3. Carbohydrate Polymers 2000 41 3 285 292 2-s2.0-0033894493 10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00147-2
236. Malm C. J., Emerson J., Hiatt G. D., Cellulose acetate phthalate as an enteric coating material. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 1951 40 10 520 525 2-s2.0-0001705115
237. Gaaloul S., Turgeon S. L., Corredig M., Influence of shearing on the physical characteristics and rheological behaviour of an aqueous whey protein isolate- appa-carrageenan mixture. Food Hydrocolloids 2009 23 5 1243 1252 2-s2.0-60349084500 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.09.011
238. Yuguchi Y., Thuy T. T. T., Urakawa H., Kajiwara K., Structural characteristics of carrageenan gels: temperature and concentration dependence. Food Hydrocolloids 2002 16 6 515 522 2-s2.0-0036837940 10.1016/S0268-005X(01) 00131-X
239. Mangione M. R., Giacomazza D., Bulone D., Martorana V., san Biagio P. L., Thermoreversible gelation of -Carrageenan: relation between conformational transition and aggregation. Biophysical Chemistry 2003 104 1 95 105 2-s2.0-0037678469 10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00341-1
240. Sarett H. P., Safety of carrageenan used in foods. The Lancet 1981 1 8212 151 152 2-s2.0-0019883113
241. Doleyres Y., Fliss I., Lacroix C., Continuous production of mixed lactic starters containing probiotic using immobilised cell technology. Biotechnology Progress 2004 20 1 145 150 2-s2.0-1142305958 10.1021/bp020096w
242. Klien J., Vorlop D. K., Moo-Yong M., Cooney C. L., Humphery A. E., Immobilisation technique cells. Comprehensive Biotechnology 1985 Oxford, UK Pergamon Press 542 550
243. Rokka S., Rantamäki P., Protecting probiotic bacteria by microencapsulation: challenges for industrial applications. European Food Research and Technology 2010 231 1 1 12 2-s2.0-77649249397 10.1007/s00217-010- 1246-2
244. Reid A. A., Champagne C. P., Gardner N., Fustier P., Vuillemard J. C., Survival in food systems of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R011 microentrapped in whey protein gel particles. Journal of Food Science 2006 72 1 M31 M37 2-s2.0-33846988222 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00222.x