Enantioselective organocatalytic aldol reaction using small organic molecules

Tetrahedron

Volumn 68, Issue 24, 2012, Pages 4541-4580

  Bisai, Vishnumaya ^a   Bisai, Alakesh ^a   Singh, Vinod K ^a,b  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AND RESEARCH BHOPAL   (India)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR   (India)

Author keywords

Enamine catalysis; Enol; Enolate; l Prolinamide; l Proline; Organocatalysis; Organocatalytic aldol; Primary amines; Self aldol; Thiourea; Unactivated ketones; Hydroxy phosphinate; Hydroxy phosphonate

Indexed keywords

ENAMINE; KETONE DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PROLINE; THIOUREA;

ALDOL REACTION; ARTICLE; ASYMMETRIC ORGANOCATALYTIC ALDOL REACTION; CATALYSIS; CATALYST; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; HYDROGEN BOND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION ANALYSIS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; SYNTHESIS;

EID: 84861222515     PISSN: 00404020     EISSN: 14645416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.099     Document Type: Review

References (427)

1. For a book, see; A. Berkessel, and H. Groger Asymmetric Organocatalysis-From Biomimetic Concepts to Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis 2005 Wiley-VCH GmbH KGaA Weinheim, Germany
2. B. Fubini, and L.O. Arean Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 1999 373
3. R. Noyori Chem. Soc. Rev. 18 1989 187
4. S.G. Davies Organotransition Metal Chemistry Applications to Organic Synthesis 1982 Pergamon Oxford
5. B. List Chem. Rev. 107 2007 5413
6. M. Benaglia, A. Puglisi, and F. Cozzi Chem. Rev. 103 2003 3401
7. B. List, and C. Bolm Adv. Synth. Catal. 346 2004 1007
8. K.N. Houk, and B. List Acc. Chem. Res. 37 2004 487
9. A.J.A. Cobb, D.M. Shaw, D.A. Longbottom, J.B. Gold, and S.V. Ley Org. Biomol. Chem. 3 2005 84
10. E.R. Jarvo, and S.J. Miller Tetrahedron 58 2002 2481
11. Doyle, A. G.; Jacobsen, E. N. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5713.
12. A. Dondoni, and A. Massi Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47 2008 4638
13. P.I. Dalko Enantioselective Organocatalysis 2007 Wiley-VCH Weinheim
14. A. Berkessel, and H. Groger Metal-Free Organic Catalysis in Asymmetric Synthesis 2004 Wiley-VCH Weinheim
15. C.F. Barbas III Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47 2008 42
16. D. Enders, C. Grondal, and M.R.M. Huttl Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 1234
17. M. Marigo, and K.A. Jorgensen Chem. Commun. 2006 2001
18. P.I. Dalko, and L. Moisan Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 40 2001 3726
19. J. Emsley Chem. Soc. Rev. 9 1980 91
20. C.M. Kleiner, and P.R. Schreiner Chem. Commun. 2006 4315
21. Erkkila, A.; Majander, I.; Pihko, P. M. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5416.
22. Hajos, Z. G.; Parrish, D. R., German Patent DE 2102623, 1971.
23. Z.G. Hajos, and D.R. Parrish J. Org. Chem. 39 1974 1615
24. Eder, U.; Sauer, G.; Wiechert, R. German Patent DE 2014757, 1971.
25. U. Eder, G. Sauer, and R. Wiechert Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10 1971 496
26. B. List, R.A. Lerner, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 2000 2395
27. K.A. Ahrendt, C.J. Borths, and D.W.C. MacMillan J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 2000 4243
28. Z. Rappoport The Chemistry of Enamines 1994 Wiley New York
29. F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III P.I. Dalko, Enantioselective Organocatalysis 2007 Wiley-VCH Weinheim 19 For leading reviews, see
30. B. List Synlett 2001 1675
31. B. Alcaide, and P. Almendros Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42 2003 858
32. G. Stork, A. Brizzolara, H. Landesman, J. Szmuszkovicz, and R. Terrell J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85 1963 207
33. G. Stork, and N.A. Saccomano Tetrahedron Lett. 28 1987 2087
34. B. List R. Mahrwald, Modern Aldol Reactions Vol. 1 2004 Wiley-VCH GmbH KGaA Weinheim 161 For a review, see; List, B. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 548
35. J. Gutzwiller, P. Buchschacher, and A. Furst Synthesis 1977 53
36. S. Takano, C. Kasahara, and K. Ogasawara J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1981 635
37. S. Kwiatkowska, A. Syed, C.P. Brock, and D.S. Watt Synthesis 1989 818
38. N. Ramamurthi, and S. Swaminathan Indian J. Chem., Sect. B 29 1990 401
39. D. Rajagopal, R. Narayanan, and S. Swaminathan Tetrahedron Lett. 42 2001 4887
40. W. Notz, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III Acc. Chem. Res. 37 2004 580
41. P.I. Dalko, and L. Moisan Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43 2004 5138
42. B. List, R.A. Lerner, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 2000 2395
43. S. Mukherjee, J.W. Yang, S. Hoffmann, and B. List Chem. Rev. 107 2007 5471
44. J. Seayad, and B. List Org. Biomol. Chem. 3 2005 719
45. For NMR investigations on l-proline-catalyzed aldol reactions, see; M.B. Schmid, K. Zeitler, and R.M. Gschwind Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 49 2010 4997
46. M.B. Schmid, K. Zeitler, and R.M. Gschwind J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 7065
47. M.B. Schmid, K. Zeitler, and R.M. Gschwind J. Org. Chem. 76 2011 3005
48. W. Notz, and B. List J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 2000 7386
49. B. List Tetrahedron 58 2002 5573
50. B. List Synlett 2001 1675
51. B. List Chem. Commun. 2006 819
52. K. Oertle, H. Beyeler, R.O. Duthaler, W. Lottenbach, M. Riediker, and E. Steiner Helv. Chim. Acta 72 1990 353
53. K. Sakthivel, W. Notz, T. Bui, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 2001 5260
54. A. Northrup, and D.W.C. MacMillan J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 2002 6798
55. D.E. Ward, and V. Jheengut Tetrahedron Lett. 45 2004 8347
56. D.E. Ward, V. Jheengut, and O.T. Akinnusi Org. Lett. 7 2005 1181
57. D.E. Ward, M. Sales, and M.J. Hrapchak Can. J. Chem. 79 2001 1775
58. For a dynamic kinetic resolution of atropisomeric amides, see; V. Chan, J.G. Kim, C. Jimeno, P.J. Carroll, and P.J. Walsh Org. Lett. 6 2004 2051
59. D.E. Ward, C. Guo, P.K. Sasmal, C.C. Man, and M. Sales Org. Lett. 2 2000 1325
60. D.E. Ward, M. Sales, C.C. Man, J. Shen, P.K. Sasmal, and C. Guo J. Org. Chem. 67 2002 1618
61. D.E. Ward, M. Sales, and P.K. Sasmal J. Org. Chem. 69 2004 4808
62. N. Mase, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43 2004 2420
63. For l-prolinol catalyzed fluoroaldol reactions providing anti-α-fluoro-β-hydroxy ketones, see; G. Zhong, J. Fan, and C.F. Barbas III Tetrahedron Lett. 45 2004 5681
64. R. Thayumanavan, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III Org. Lett. 6 2004 3541
65. Z. Tang, F. Jiang, L.-T. Yu, X. Cui, L.-Z. Gong, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and Y.-D. Wu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 5262
66. Z. Tang, F. Jiang, X. Cui, L.-Z. Gong, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and Y.-D. Wu Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 5755
67. Z. Tang, Z.-H. Yang, X.-H. Chen, L.-F. Cun, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and L.-Z. Gong J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 9285
68. H.-M. Guo, L.-F. Cun, L.-Z. Gong, A.-Q. Mi, and Y.-Z. Jiang Chem. Commun. 2005 1450
69. For a catalytic direct asymmetric aldolreactions of aldehydes with methylthioacetone and fluoroacetone, see: X.-Y. Xu, Y.-Z. Wang, L.-F. Cun, and L.-Z. Gong Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 237
70. M. Raj, Vishnumaya, S.K. Ginotra, and V.K. Singh Org. Lett. 8 2006 4097
71. V. Maya, and V.K. Singh Org. Lett. 9 2007 1117
72. B. List, L. Hoang, and H.J. Martin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 5839 and references cited therein
73. S. Bahmanyar, K.N. Houk, H.J. Martin, and B. List J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 2475
74. T.J. Dickerson, and K.D. Janda J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 2002 3220
75. N. Mase, Y. Nakai, N. Ohara, H. Yoda, K. Takabe, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 734
76. N. Mase, K. Watanabe, H. Yoda, K. Takabe, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 4966
77. V. Maya, M. Raj, and V.K. Singh Org. Lett. 9 2007 2593
78. M. Raj, V. Maya, and V.K. Singh J. Org. Chem. 74 2009 4289
79. Y.-R. Shen, and V. Ostroverkhov Chem. Rev. 106 2006 1140
80. Y. Jung, and R.A. Marcus J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 5429
81. For a review of direct aldol reactions in aqueous medium, see; M. Raj, and V.K. Singh Chem. Commun. 2009 6687
82. S. Gandhi, and V.K. Singh J. Org. Chem. 73 2008 9411
83. L. Song, X. Chen, S. Zhang, H. Zhang, P. Li, G. Luo, W. Liu, W. Duan, and W. Wang Org. Lett. 10 2008 5489
84. M.R. Barbachyn, and C.W. Ford Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42 2003 2010
85. A.R. Renslo, G.W. Luehr, and M.F. Gordeev Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14 2006 4227
86. K.Z. Vardakas, F. Ntziora, and M.E. Falagas Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 8 2007 2381
87. G. Lin, S.S.-K. Chan, H.-S. Chung, and S.L. Li Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. 2005 611
88. J.J. Beck, and S.-C. Chou J. Nat. Prod. 70 2007 891
89. M.J. Xioang, and Z.H. Li Curr. Org. Chem. 11 2007 833
90. D.H.R. Barton, and J.X. de Vries J. Chem. Soc. 1963 1916
91. Z. Xu, G.Y. Hu, and G.S. Tan Chin. J. Modern Med. 2004 93
92. S. Yu, S. You, and H. Chen Yaoxue Xuebao 101 1984 486
93. H. Sato, H. Yorozu, and S. Yamaoka Biomed. Res. 14 1993 385
94. X.W. Wang Drugs Future 25 2000 16
95. H. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Liu, G. Luo, W. Duan, and W. Wang J. Org. Chem. 75 2010 368
96. For organocatalytic l-proline catalyzed synthesis of (-)-(5R,6S)-6- acetoxyhexadecanolide, see; H. Ikishima, Y. Sekiguchi, Y. Ichikawa, and H. Kotsuki Tetrahedron 62 2006 311
97. R.S. Rambo, and P.H. Schneider Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21 2010 2254
98. C. Cheng, J. Sun, C. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Wei, F. Jiang, and Y. Wu Chem. Commun. 2006 215
99. S. Samanta, J. Liu, R. Dodda, and C.-G. Zhao Org. Lett. 7 2005 5321
100. J.-R. Chen, H.-H. Lu, X.-Y. Li, L. Cheng, J. Wan, and W.-J. Xiao Org. Lett. 7 2005 4543
101. J.-R. Chen, X.-Y. Li, X.-N. Xing, and W.-J. Xiao J. Org. Chem. 71 2006 8198
102. W.-P. Huang, J.-R. Chen, X.-Y. Li, Y.-J. Cao, and W.-J. Xiao Can. J. Chem. 85 2007 211
103. C.-F. Li, H. Liu, J. Liao, Y.-J. Cao, X.-P. Liu, and W.-J. Xiao Org. Lett. 9 2007 1847
104. Y.-J. Cao, H.-H. Lu, Y.-Y. Lai, L.-Q. Lu, and W.-J. Xiao Synthesis 2006 3795
105. D.-P. Li, Y.-C. Guo, Y. Ding, and W.-J. Xiao Chem. Commun. 2006 799
106. Y.-J. Cao, Y.-Y. Lai, X. Wang, and W.-J. Xiao Tetrahedron Lett. 48 2007 21
107. J.-R. Chen, X.-P. Liu, X.-Y. Zhu, L. Li, Y.-F. Qiao, and W.-J. Xiao Tetrahedron 63 2007 10437
108. J.-R. Chen, C.-F. Li, X.-L. An, J.-J. Zhang, X.-Y. Zhu, and W.-J. Xiao Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47 2008 2489
109. L.-Q. Lu, Y.-J. Cao, X.-P. Liu, J. An, C.-J. Yao, Z.-H. Ming, and W.-J. Xiao J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 6946
110. Q. Gu, X.-F. Wang, L. Wang, X.-Y. Wu, and Q.-L. Zhou Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 1537
111. X. Tang, B. Liegault, J.-L. Renaud, and C. Bruneau Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 2187
112. W. Miao, and T.H. Chan Adv. Synth. Catal. 348 2006 1711
113. L. Gu, M. Yu, X. Wu, Y. Zhang, and G. Zhao Adv. Synth. Catal. 348 2006 2223
114. J. Pandey, N. Dwivedi, N. Singh, A.K. Srivastava, A. Tamarkar, and R.P. Tripathi Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 2007 1321
115. T. Kehat, and M. Portnoy Chem. Commun. 2007 2823
116. Y. Wang, S. Wei, and J. Sun Synlett 2006 3319
117. Y. Yang, Y.-H. He, Z. Guan, and W.-D. Huang Adv. Synth. Catal. 352 2010 2579
118. Y. Liu, J. Wang, Q. Sun, and R. Li Tetrahedron Lett. 52 2011 3584
119. J.-R. Chen, X.-L. An, X.-Y. Zhu, X.-F. Wang, and W.-J. Xiao J. Org. Chem. 73 2008 6006
120. L. He, J. Jiang, Z. Tang, X. Cui, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and L.-Z. Gong Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 265
121. G.-J. ten Brink, I.W.C.E. Arends, and R.A. Sheldon Chem. Rev. 104 2004 4105 For a desymmetrization of 4-substituted ketones via an enantioselective enolborination, see
122. D.E. Ward, and W.-L. Lu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 1998 1098
123. J. Jiang, L. He, S.-W. Luo, L.-F. Cun, and L.-Z. Gong Chem. Commun. 736 2008 6609 2007
124. D. Enders, and C. Grondal Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44 2005 1210
125. C. Grondal, and D. Enders Tetrahedron 62 2006 329
126. D. Enders, V. Terteryan, and J. Palecek Synthesis 2010 2979
127. T.J. Dickerson, and K.D. Janda J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 2002 3220
128. T.J. Dickerson, T. Lovell, M.M. Meijler, L. Noodleman, and K.D. Janda J. Org. Chem. 69 2004 6603
129. For kinetic isotope effects and thermodynamic studies of nornicotine-catalyzed aqueous aldol reaction, see; C.J. Rogers, T.J. Dickerson, and K.D. Janda Tetrahedron 62 2006 352
130. A.I. Nyberg, A. Usano, and P.M. Pihko Synlett 11 2004 1891
131. For effect of additives on the proline catalyzed ketone-aldehyde aldol reactions, see; P.M. Pihko, K.M. Laurikainen, A. Usano, A.I. Nyberg, and J.A. Kaavi Tetrahedron 62 2006 317
132. N. Mase, Y. Nakai, N. Ohara, H. Yoda, K. Takabe, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am.Chem. Soc. 128 2006 734
133. Y. Hayashi, T. Sumiya, J. Takahashi, G. Hiroaki, T. Urushima, and M. Shoji Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 45 2006 958
134. Y. Hayashi, S. Aratake, T. Okano, J. Takahashi, T. Sumiya, and M. Shoji Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 45 2006 5527
135. N. Itagaki, M. Kimura, T. Sugahara, and Y. Iwabuchi Org. Lett. 7 2005 4185
136. N. Itagaki, T. Sugahara, and Y. Iwabuchi Org. Lett. 7 2005 4181
137. For a yeast-mediated asymmetric reduction of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2,8- dione, see; K. Mori, S. Takayama, and M. Kido Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2 1994 395
138. A.J. Pearson, and S. Panda Tetrahedron 67 2011 3969
139. K. Akagawa, S. Sakamoto, and K. Kudo Tetrahedron Lett. 46 2005 8185
140. P. Krattiger, R. Kovasy, J.D. Revell, S. Ivan, and H. Wennemers Org. Lett. 7 2005 1101
141. S.S. Chimni, and D. Mahajan Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 2108
142. S.B. Tsogoeva, S.B. Jagtap, and Z.A. Ardemasova Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 989
143. S. Chandrasekhar, N.R. Reddy, S.S. Sultana, Ch. Narsihmulu, and K.V. Reddy Tetrahedron 62 2006 338
144. For direct aldol reactions catalyzed by poly(ethylene glycol)-supported proline, see; M. Benaglia, G. Celentano, and F. Cozzi Adv. Synth. Catal. 343 2001 171
145. C.-J. Li, and L. Chen Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 2006 68
146. C.-J. Li Chem. Rev. 105 2005 3095
147. U.M. Lindstrom Chem. Rev. 102 2002 2751
148. C. Zheng, Y. Wu, X. Wang, and G. Zhao Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 2690
149. F. Giacalone, M. Gruttadauria, P.L. Meo, S. Riela, and R. Noto Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 2747
150. J.-F. Zhao, L. He, J. Jiang, Z. Tang, L.-F. Cun, and L.-Z. Gong Tetrahedron Lett. 49 2008 3372
151. F. Silva, M. Sawicki, and V. Gouverneur Org. Lett. 8 2006 5417
152. Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Zhao, and S. Wang Org. Lett. 8 2006 4417
153. M. Lei, L. Shi, G. Li, S. Chen, W. Fang, Z. Ge, T. Cheng, and R. Li Tetrahedron 63 2007 7892
154. E. Tsandi, C.G. Kokotos, S. Kousidou, V. Ragoussis, and G. Kokotos Tetrahedron 65 2009 1444
155. S.S. Chimni, S. Singh, and D. Mahajan Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 19 2008 7892
156. S. Sathapornvajana, and T. Vilaivan Tetrahedron 63 2007 10253
157. L. He, Z. Tang, L.-F. Cun, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and L.-Z. Gong Tetrahedron 62 2006 346
158. Y.-Q. Fu, Z.-C. Li, L.-N. Ding, J.-C. Tao, S.-H. Zhang, and M.-S. Tang Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 3351
159. Z.-H. Tzeng, H.-Y. Chen, C.-T. Huang, and K. Chen Tetrahedron Lett. 49 2008 4134
160. D. Gryko, and W.J. Saletra Org. Biomol. Chem. 5 2007 2148
161. M. Jiang, S.-F. Zhu, Y. Yang, L.-Z. Gong, X.-G. Zhou, and Q.-L. Zhou Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 384
162. T. Kano, J. Takai, O. Tokuda, and K. Maruoka Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44 2005 3055
163. T. Kano, O. Tokuda, and K. Maruoka Tetrahedron Lett. 47 2006 7423
164. T. Kano, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and K. Maruoka Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 1738
165. T. Kano, O. Tokuda, and K. Maruoka Chem. - Asian. J. 1-2 2006 210
166. L. Zu, H. Xie, H. Li, J. Wang, and W. Wang Org. Lett. 10 2008 1211
167. For synthesis of quaternary carbon containing β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds, see; W. Wang, H. Li, and J. Wang Tetrahedron Lett. 46 2005 5077
168. F.-Z. Peng, Z.-H. Shao, X.-W. Pu, and H.-B. Zhang Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 2199
169. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, and C. Nájera Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 729
170. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, and C. Nájera Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 1027
171. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, and C. Nájera Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 1493
172. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, C. Nájera, and S.F. Viózquez Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 2300
173. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, and C. Nájera Arkivoc iv 2007 260
174. G. Guillena, M.C. Hita, C. Nájera, and S.F. Viózquez J. Org. Chem. 73 2008 5933
175. G. Guillena, C. Najera, and S.F. Viozquez Synlett 2008 3031 For a review, see
176. G. Guillena, C. Nájera, and D.J. Ramón Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 2249
177. S. Guizzetti, M. Benaglia, L. Pignataro, and A. Puglisi Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 17 2006 2754
178. D. Gryko, B. Kowalczyk, and L. Zawadzki Synlett 2006 1059
179. S. Guizzetti, M. Benaglia, L. Raimondi, and G. Celentano Org. Lett. 9 2007 1247
180. G.-N. Ma, Y.-P. Zhang, and M. Shi Synthesis 2007 197
181. J. Jiang, X. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Hui, X. Liu, L. Lin, and X. Feng Org. Biomol. Chem. 7 2009 4355
182. C. Wang, Y. Jiang, X.-X. Zhang, Y. Huang, B.-G. Li, and G.-L. Zhang Tetrahedron Lett. 48 2007 4281
183. Y. Xiong, F. Wang, S. Dong, X. Liu, and X. Feng Synlett 2008 73
184. D. Font, S. Sayalero, A. Bastero, C. Jimeno, and M.A. Pericàs Org. Lett. 10 2008 337
185. D. Font, C. Jimeno, and M.A. Pericàs Org. Lett. 8 2006 4653
186. J. Shah, S.S. Khan, H. Blumenthal, and J. Liebscher Synthesis 2009 3975
187. For aldol reactions using immobilized proline on mesoporous support, see; F. Calderon, R. Fernandez, F. Sanchez, and A. Fernandez-Mayoralas Adv. Synth. Catal. 347 2005 1395
188. J. Huang, X. Zhang, and D.W. Armstrong Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 9073
189. F. Trotta, D. Cantamessa, and M. Zanetti J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem. 37 2000 83
190. L.J. Mathias, and R.A. Vaidya J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108 1986 1093
191. S.-P. Zhang, X.-K. Fu, and S.-D. Fu Tetrahedron Lett. 50 2009 1173
192. L. Kegang, H. Daniel, and W.-D. Wolf Synlett 2007 2298
193. M. Gruttadauria, F. Giacalone, A.M. Marculescu, P. Lo Meo, S. Riela, and R. Noto Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007 4688
194. F. Giacalone, M. Gruttadauria, A.M. Marculescu, and R. Noto Tetrahedron Lett. 48 2007 255
195. D.E. Siyutkin, A.S. Kucherenko, M.I. Struchkova, and S.G. Zlotin Tetrahedron Lett. 49 2008 1212
196. N.A. Larionova, A.S. Kucherenko, D.E. Siyutkin, and S.G. Zlotin Tetrahedron 67 2011 1948
197. M. Lombardo, S. Easwar, A. De Marco, F. Pasi, and C. Trombini Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 2008 4224
198. G.L. Puleo, and A. Iuliano Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 2894
199. N. Mase, N. Noshiro, A. Mokuya, and K. Takabe Adv. Synth. Catal. 351 2009 2793
200. N. Mase, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas Org. Lett. 5 2003 4369
201. S. Luo, J. Li, H. Xu, L. Zhang, and J.-P. Cheng Org. Lett. 9 2007 3675
202. Q. Gao, S.-M. Lu, Y. Liu, and C. Li Tetrahedron Lett. 52 2011 3779
203. Y. Hiraga, T. Widianti, T. Kunishi, and M. Abe Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 226
204. S. Saha, and J.N. Moorthy Tetrahedron Lett. 51 2010 912
205. J. Xu, X. Fu, C. Wu, and X. Hu Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 840
206. I. Panov, P. Drabina, J. Hanusek, and M. Sedlak Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 215
207. D. Almasi, D.A. Alonso, and C. Najera Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 2467
208. B. Wang, G.-H. Chen, L.-Y. Liu, W.-X. Chang, and J. Li Adv. Synth. Catal. 351 2009 2441
209. Z. Tang, Z.-H. Yang, L.-F. Cun, L.-Z. Gong, A.-Q. Mi, and Y.-Z. Jiang Org. Lett. 6 2004 2285
210. W. Notz, and B. List J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 2000 7386
211. J.G. Hernandez, and E. Juaristi J. Organomet. Chem. 76 2011 1464
212. V.K. Singh, and V. Bisai Synlett 2011 481
213. For Micheal addition of ketone to α,β-unsaturated nitro olefins, see; V. Maya, and V.K. Singh Org. Lett. 9 2009 1117
214. B.V. Reddy, K. Bhavani, A. Raju, and J.S. Yadav Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 881
215. J. Agarwal, and R.K. Peddinti Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21 2010 1906
216. R. Rani, and R.K. Peddinti Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21 2010 775
217. R. Rani, and R.K. Peddinti Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21 2010 775
218. C. Pidathala, L. Hoang, N. Vignola, and B. List Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 115 2003 2891
219. O. Knopff, J. Kuhne, and C. Fehr Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 1307
220. M. Inoue, N. Lee, S. Kasuya, T. Sato, M. Hirama, M. Moriyama, and Y. Fukuyama J. Org. Chem. 72 2007 3065
221. C.L. Chandler, and B. List J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 6737
222. J. Diaz, and J.M. Goodman Tetrahedron 66 2010 8021
223. S.M. Sarkar, Y. Taira, A. Nakano, K. Takahashi, J. Ishihara, and S. Hatakeyama Tetrahedron Lett. 52 2011 923
224. J. Li, G. Yang, Y. Qin, X. Yang, and Y. Cui Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 613
225. For a heterogeneous catalysis by solid-supported proline-terminated peptides, see; M.R.M. Andreae, and A.P. Davis Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 16 2005 2487
226. K. Funabiki, Y. Itoh, Y. Kubota, and M. Matsui J. Org. Chem. 76 2011 3545
227. F. Rodriguez-Llansola, J.F. Miravet, and B. Escuder Chem. Commun. 2009 7303
228. J. Mlynarski, and J. Paradowska Chem. Soc. Rev. 37 2008 1502
229. J. Paradowska, M. Stodulski, and J. Mlynarski Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 48 2009 4288
230. O. Reis, E. Eymur, B. Reis, and A.S. Demir Chem. Commun. 2009 1088
231. R. Filler, Y. Kobayashi, and L.N. Yagupolskii Organofluorine Compounds in Medicinal and Biochemical Applications 1993 Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands
232. T. Hiyama Organofluorine Compounds: Chemistry and Applications 2000 Springer New York
233. S. Nakamura, K. Hyodo, Y. Nakamura, N. Shibata, and T. Toru Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 1443 and references cited therein
234. J.C. Adkins, and S. Noble Drugs 56 1998 1055
235. M. Barker, M. Clackers, D.A. Demaine, D. Humphreys, M.J. Johnston, H.T. Jones, F. Pacquet, J.M. Pritchard, M. Salter, S.E. Shanahan, P.A. Skone, V.M. Vinader, I. Uings, I.M. McLay, and S.J.F. MacDonald J. Med. Chem. 48 2005 4507
236. N. Hara, R. Tamura, Y. Funahashi, and S. Nakamura Org. Lett. 13 2011 1662
237. H. Yang, S. Mahapatra, P.H.-Y. Cheong, and R.G. Carter J. Org. Chem. 75 2010 7279
238. X.-J. Wang, Y. Zhao, and J.-T. Liu Org. Lett. 9 2007 1343
239. O. Tokuda, T. Kano, W.-G. Gao, T. Ikemoto, and K. Moruoka Org. Lett. 7 2005 5103
240. I.M. Thompson, and R. Lauvetz Urology 8 1976 452
241. S. Masumoto, M. Suzuki, M. Kanai, and M. Shibasaki Tetrahedron Lett. 43 2002 8647
242. P. Gupta, R.A. Fernandes, and P. Kumar Tetrahedron Lett. 44 2003 4231
243. S. Masumoto, M. Suzuki, M. Kanai, and M. Shibasaki Tetrahedron 60 2004 10497
244. S. Samanta, and C.-G. Zhao Tetrahedron Lett. 47 2006 3383
245. M. Bhanushali, and C.-G. Zhao Synlett 2011 1815
246. F. Wang, Y. Xiong, X. Liu, and X. Feng Adv. Synth. Catal. 349 2007 2665
247. R. Dodda, and C.-G. Zhao Synlett 2007 1605
248. T. Urushima, Y. Yasui, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Hayashi Org. Lett. 12 2010 2966
249. Z. Tang, L.-F. Cun, X. Cui, A.-Q. Mi, Y.-Z. Jiang, and L.-Z. Gong Org. Lett. 8 2006 1263
250. G.W. Gokel, W.M. Leevy, and M.E. Weber Chem. Rev. 104 2004 2723
251. J.S. Bradshaw, and R.M. Izatt Acc. Chem. Res. 30 1997 338
252. J.-M. Lehn Science 227 1985 849
253. Y. Chao, G.R. Weisman, G.D.Y. Sogan, and P.J. Cram J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101 1979 4948
254. R. Breslow, and S.D. Dong Chem. Rev. 98 1998 1997
255. K. Takahashi Chem. Rev. 98 1998 2013
256. M.M. Conn, and J. Rebek Jr. Chem. Rev. 97 1997 1647
257. F. Garcia-Tellado, S. Goswami, S.K. Chang, S.J. Geib, and A.D. Hamilton J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 1990 7393
258. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, and A.D. Hamilton J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 1993 5314
259. S.J. Geib, G. Vicent, E. Fan, and A.D. Hamilton Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 32 1993 119
260. M.S. Goodman, A.D. Hamilton, and J. Weiss J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 1995 8447
261. T. Moriuchi, K. Yoshida, and T. Hirao Org. Lett. 5 2003 4285
262. R.P. Herrera, V. Sgarzani, L. Bernardi, and A. Ricci Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44 2005 6576
263. A.P. Dove, R.C. Pratt, B.C.G. Lohmeijer, R.M. Waymouth, and J.L. Hedrick J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 13798
264. Y. Kamano, H.-P. Zhang, Y. Ichihara, H. Kizu, K. Komiyama, and G.R. Pettit Tetrahedron Lett. 36 1995 2783
265. H.-P. Zhang, Y. Kamano, Y. Ichihara, H. Kizu, K. Komiyama, H. Itokawa, and G.R. Pettit Tetrahedron 51 1995 5523
266. Y. Kamano, A. Kotake, H. Hashima, I. Hayakawa, H. Hiraide, H.-P. Zhang, H. Kizu, K. Komiyama, M. Hayashi, and G.R. Pettit Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 64 1999 1147
267. M. Hayashi, M.-C. Rho, A. Enomoto, A. Fukami, Y.-P. Kim, Y. Kikuchi, T. Sunazuka, T. Hirose, K. Komiyama, and S. Omura Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 2002 14728
268. M. Kitajima, I. Mori, K. Arai, N. Kogure, and H. Takayama Tetrahedron Lett. 47 2006 3199
269. M. Hayashi, M.-C. Rho, A. Enomoto, A. Fukami, Y.-P. Kim, Y. Kikuchi, T. Sunazuka, T. Hirose, K. Komiyama, and S. Omura Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 2002 14728
270. G. Luppi, P.G. Cozzi, M. Monari, B. Kaptein, Q.B. Broxterman, and C. Tomasini J. Org. Chem. 70 2005 7418
271. G. Luppi, M. Monari, R.J. Correa, F. Violante, A. de, A.C. Pinto, B. Kaptein, Q.B. Broxterman, S.J. Garden, and C. Tomasini Tetrahedron 62 2006 12017
272. J.-R. Chen, X.-P. Liu, X.-Y. Zhu, L. Li, Y.-F. Qiao, J.-M. Zhang, and W.-J. Xiao Tetrahedron 63 2007 10437
273. Y.-Q. Tang, I. Sattler, R. Thiericke, S. Grabley, and X.-Z. Feng Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2001 261
274. Y. Koguchi, J. Kohno, M. Nishio, K. Takahashi, T. Okuda, T. Ohnuki, and S. Komatsubara J. Antibiot. 53 2000 105
275. R.B. Labroo, and L.A. Cohen J. Org. Chem. 55 1990 4901
276. S. Nakamura, N. Hara, H. Nakashima, K. Kubo, N. Shibata, and T. Toru Chem. - Eur. J. 14 2008 8079
277. N. Hara, S. Nakamura, N. Shibata, and T. Toru Adv. Synth. Catal. 352 2010 1621
278. N. Hara, S. Nakamura, N. Shibata, and T. Toru Chem. - Eur. J. 352 2010 1621
279. T. Itoh, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Hayashi Org. Lett. 11 2009 3854
280. W.-B. Chen, X.-L. Du, L.-F. Cun, X.-M. Zhang, and W.-C. Yuan Tetrahedron 66 2010 1441
281. V.P. Kuhkar, and H.R. Hudson Aminophosphonic and Aminophosphinic Acids 2000 John Wiley Chichester
282. D. Redmore E.J. Griffith, M. Grayson, Topics in Phosphorus Chemistry vol. 8 1976 John Wiley New York 515 585
283. A.H. Kategaonkara, R.U. Pokalwara, S.S. Sonara, V.U. Gawalib, B.B. Shingatea, and M.S. Shingare Eur. J. Med. Chem. 45 2010 1128 and references cited there in
284. D.V. Patel, K. Rielly-Gauvin, D.E. Ryono, C.A. Free, W.L. Rogers, S.A. Smith, J.M. DeForrest, R.S. Oehl, and E.W. Petrillo Jr. J. Med. Chem. 38 1995 4557
285. M. Tao, R. Bihovsky, G.J. Wells, and J.P. Mallamo J. Med. Chem. 41 1998 3912
286. Lynch, K. R.; MacDonald, T. L. U.S. Patent US 20100016258, 2010.
287. M.L. Peters, M. Leonard, and A.A. Licata Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 68 2001 945
288. M.V. Lee, E.M. Fong, F.R. Singere, and R.S. Guenette Cancer Res. 61 2001 2602
289. B.Z. Leder, and H.M. Kronenberg Gastroenterology 119 2000 866
290. P. Cui, W.F. McCalmont, J.L. Tomsig, K.R. Lynch, and T.L. Macdonald Bioorg. Med. Chem. 16 2008 2212
291. D.F. Wiemer Tetrahedron 53 1997 16609
292. S.R. Davies, M.C. Mitchell, C.P. Cain, P.G. Devitt, R.J. Taylor, and T.P. Kee J. Organomet. Chem. 550 1998 29
293. P. Merino, E. Lopez-Marques, and R.P. Herrera Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 1195
294. J. Huang, J. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Wen, X. Liu, and X. Feng Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 287
295. H. Groger, and B. Hammer Chem. - Eur. J. 6 2000 943
296. S. Samanta, and C.-G. Zhao J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 7442
297. J. Liu, Z.G. Yang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, X.H. Chen, X.H. Liu, X.M. Feng, Z.S. Su, and C.W. Hu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 5654
298. J.L. Huang, J. Wang, X.H. Chen, Y.H. Wen, X.H. Liu, and X.M. Feng Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 287
299. X.H. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Zhu, D.J. Shang, B. Gao, X.H. Liu, X.M. Feng, Z.S. Su, and C.W. Hu Chem. - Eur. J. 14 2008 10896
300. R. Dodda, and C.-G. Zhao Org. Lett. 8 2006 4911
301. Rosen, R. E.; Weaver, D. G.; Cornille, J. W.; Spangler, L. A. U.S. Patent 5,500,405, 1996.
302. L.A. Spangler, M. Mikołajczyk, E.L. Burdge, P. Kiełbasiński, H.C. Smith, P. Łyzwa, J.D. Fisher, and J. Omelańczuk J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 1999 318
303. T. Yamagishi, T. Miyamae, T. Yokomatsu, and S. Shibuya Tetrahedron Lett. 45 2004 6713
304. J. Cai, Z. Zhou, G. Zhao, and C. Tang Heteroat. Chem. 14 2003 312
305. T. Yamagishi, T. Yokomatsu, K. Suemune, and S. Shibuya Tetrahedron 55 1999 12125
306. S. Samanta, S. Perera, and C.-G. Zhao J. Org. Chem. 75 2010 1101
307. C. Pidathala, L. Hoang, N. Vignola, and B. List Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42 2003 2785
308. M. Bertau, M. Burli, E. Hungerbuhler, and P. Wagner Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 12 2001 2103
309. V. Spiliotis, D. Papahatjis, and N. Ragoussis Tetrahedron Lett. 31 1990 1615
310. D.M. Mans, and W.H. Pearson Org. Lett. 6 2004 3305
311. V.B. Kurteva, and A.M. Afonso Tetrahedron 61 2005 267
312. D. Enders, O. Niemeier, and L. Straver Synlett 2006 3399
313. Y. Yoshitomi, K. Makino, and Y. Hamada Org. Lett. 9 2007 2457
314. H.J.M. Gijsen, L. Qiao, W. Fitz, and C.-H. Wong Chem. Rev. 96 1996 443
315. T.D. Machajewski, and C.-H. Wong Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 39 2000 1352
316. K.M. Koeller, and C.-H. Wong Nature 409 2001 232
317. N. Wymer, L.V. Buchanan, D. Hernderson, N. Mehta, C.H. Botting, L. Pocivavsek, C.A. Fierke, E.J. Toone, and J.H. Naismith Structure 9 2001 1
318. C. Khosla J. Org. Chem. 65 2000 8127
319. K. Kinoshita, P.G. Williard, C. Khosla, and D.E. Cane J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 2001 2495
320. C. Khosla, and P.B. Harbury Nature 409 2001 247
321. C.F. Barbas III, A. Heine, G. Zhong, T. Hoffmann, S. Gramatikova, R. Bjornestedt, B. List, J. Anderson, E.A. Stura, I.A. Wilson, and R.A. Lerner Science 278 1997 2085
322. B. List, D. Shabat, G. Zhong, J.M. Turner, A. Li, T. Bui, J. Anderson, R.A. Lerner, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 1999 7283
323. G. Zhong, R.A. Lerner, and C.F. Barbas III Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 38 1999 3738
324. A. Cordova, W. Notz, and C.F. Barbas III J. Org. Chem. 67 2002 301
325. N.S. Chowdari, D.B. Ramachary, A. Cordova, and C.F. Barbas III Tetrahedron Lett. 43 2002 9591
326. A.B. Northrup, I.K. Mangion, F. Hettche, and D.W.C. MacMillan Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43 2004 2152
327. D.A. Evans, E. Hu, and J.S. Tedrow Org. Lett. 3 2001 3133
328. S.G. Davies, R.L. Nicholson, and A.D. Smith Synlett 2002 1637
329. M.P. Sibi, J. Lu, and J. Edwards J. Org. Chem. 62 1997 5864
330. For a review of aldolase enzymes in carbohydrate synthesis, see: S. Takayama, G.J. McGarvey, and C.-H. Wong Chem. Soc. Rev. 26 1997 407
331. S. Aratake, T. Itoh, T. Okano, T. Usui, M. Shoji, and Y. Hayashi Chem. Commun. 2007 2524
332. Y. Hayashi, S. Samanta, T. Itoh, and H. Ishikawa Org. Lett. 10 2008 5581
333. P. Dambruoso, A. Massi, and A. Dondoni Org. Lett. 7 2005 4657
334. C.F. Barbas III, F. Tanaka, H. Zhang, and S.S.V. Ramasastry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 288
335. N.S. Chowdari, D.B. Ramachary, A. Cordova, and C.F. Barbas III Tetrahedron Lett. 43 2002 9591
336. T. Hoffmann, G. Zhong, B. List, D. Shabat, J. Anderson, S. Gramatikova, R.A. Lerner, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 1998 2768
337. X.-Y. Xu, Y.-Z. Wang, and L.-Z. Gong Org. Lett. 9 2007 4247
338. M.-K. Zhu, X.-Y. Xu, and L.-Z. Gong Adv. Synth. Catal. 350 2008 1390
339. S.S.V. Ramasastry, K. Albertshofer, N. Utsumi, and C.F. Barbas III Org. Lett. 10 2008 1621 For syn-dihydroxyacetone-based organocatalytic aldol reactions see
340. S.S.V. Ramasastry, K. Albertshofer, N. Utsumi, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 5572
341. N. Utsumi, M. Imai, F. Tanaka, S.S.V. Ramasastry, and C.F. Barbas III Org. Lett. 9 2007 3445
342. X. Wu, Z. Jiang, H.-M. Shen, and Y. Lu Adv. Synth. Catal. 349 2007 812
343. C. Wu, X. Fu, X. Ma, and S. Li Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21 2010 2465
344. Y.-C. Teo Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 1155
345. S.S.V. Ramasastry, K. Albertshofer, N. Utsumi, and C.F. Barbas III Org. Lett. 10 2008 1621
346. T. Miura, Y. Yasaku, N. Koyata, Y. Murakami, and N. Imai Tetrahedron Lett. 50 2009 2632
347. T. Miura, K. Imai, M. Ina, N. Tada, N. Imai, and A. Itoh Org. Lett. 12 2010 1620
348. T. Miura, M. Ina, K. Imai, K. Nakashima, Y. Yasaku, N. Koyata, Y. Murakami, N. Imai, N. Tada, and A. Itoh Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 1028
349. T. Miura, K. Imai, H. Kasuga, M. Ina, N. Tada, N. Imai, and A. Itoh Tetrahedron 67 2011 6340
350. A. Bassan, W. Zou, E. Reues, F. Himo, and A. Córdova Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44 2005 7028
351. P. Dziedzic, W. Zou, J. Háfren, and A. Córdova Org. Biomol. Chem. 4 2006 38
352. Z. Jiang, Z. Liang, X. Wu, and Y. Lu Chem. Commun. 2006 2801
353. M. Amedjkouh Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 18 2007 390
354. Wu, Y. -S.; Chen, Y.; Deng, D. -S.; Cai, J. Synlett 2005, 1627.
355. M. Morcillo, M. North, and P. Villuendas Synthesis 2011 1918
356. A. Ricci, L. Bernardi, C. Gioia, S. Vierucci, M. Robitzer, and F. Quignard Chem. Commun. 46 2010 6288 and references cited there in
357. M. Chtchigrovsky, A. Primo, P. Gonzalez, K. Molvinger, M. Robitzer, F. Quignard, and F. Taran Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 48 2009 5916
358. H. Zhang, W. Zhao, J. Zou, Y. Liu, R. Li, and Y. Cui Chirality 21 2009 492 and references cited there in
359. S. Luo, H. Xu, J. Li, L. Zhang, and J.-P. Cheng J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 3074
360. For a supramolecular diamine catalyzed direct aldol reaction, see; S. Hu, J. Li, J. Xiang, J. Pan, S. Luo, and J.-P. Cheng J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 7216
361. S. Luo, P. Zhou, J. Li, and J.-P. Cheng Chem. - Eur. J. 16 2010 4457
362. D. Enders, M. Voith, and A. Lenzen Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44 2005 1304
363. H.J.M. Gijsen, L. Qiao, W. Fitz, and C.-H. Wong Chem. Rev. 96 1996 443
364. S. Luo, H. Xu, J. Li, L. Zhang, J. Li, and J.-P. Cheng Org. Lett. 10 2008 653
365. T. Angata, and A. Varki Chem. Rev. 102 2002 439
366. C.-H. Wong C.-H. Wong, G.M. Whitesides, Enzymes in Synthetic Organic Chemistry 1994 Elsevier Oxford 215 219
367. H.J.M. Gijsen, L. Qiao, W. Fitz, and C.-H. Wong Chem. Rev. 96 1996 443
368. C.-H. Wong, and T.D. Machajewski Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 39 2000 1352
369. B. Schetter, and R. Mahrwald Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 45 2006 7506
370. S. Luo, H. Xu, L. Chen, and J.-P. Cheng Org. Lett. 10 2008 1775
371. M. Raj, G.S. Parashari, and V.K. Singh Adv. Synth. Catal. 351 2009 1284
372. J. Li, N. Fu, X. Li, S. Luo, and J.-P. Cheng J. Org. Chem. 75 2010 4501
373. L. Chen, S. Luo, J. Li, X. Li, and J.-P. Cheng Org. Biomol. Chem. 8 2010 2627
374. T.C. Nugent, M.N. Umar, and A. Bibi Org. Biomol. Chem. 8 2010 4085
375. J. Gao, S. Bai, Q. Gao, Y. Liu, and Q. Yang Chem. Commun. 47 2011 6716
376. P. Li, S.H. Chan, A.S.C. Chan, and F.Y. Kwong Adv. Synth. Catal. 353 2011 1179
377. P. Li, J. Zhao, F. Li, A.S.C. Chan, and F.Y. Kwong Org. Lett. 12 2010 5616
378. W. Huang, H. Tian, H. Xu, L. Zeng, Q. Liu, and S. Zhang Catal. Lett. 141 2011 872
379. J. Agarwal, and R.K. Peddinti J. Org. Chem. 76 2011 3502
380. N. Singh, J. Pandey, and R.P. Tripathi Catal. Commun. 2008 743
381. A. Kumar, S. Singh, V. Kumar, and S.S. Chimni Org. Biomol. Chem. 9 2011 2731
382. D.J. Aitken, F. Capitta, A. Frongia, D. Gori, R. Guillot, J. Ollivier, P.P. Piras, F. Secci, and M. Spiga Synlett 2011 712
383. C. Wu, X. Fu, and S. Li Tetrahedron 67 2011 4283
384. A.V. Malkov, M.A. Kabeshov, M. Bella, O. Kysilka, D.A. Malyshev, K. Pluhackova, and P. Kocovsky Org. Lett. 9 2007 5473
385. G. Chen, Y. Wang, H. He, S. Gao, X. Yang, and X. Hao Heterocycles 68 2006 2327
386. M. Raj, N. Veerasamy, and V.K. Singh Tetrahedron Lett. 51 2010 2157
387. F.D. Popp, and B.E. Donigan J. Pharm. Sci. 68 1979 519
388. H. Pajouhesh, R. Parson, and F.D. Popp J. Pharm. Sci. 72 1983 318
389. K.C. Joshi, A. Dandia, and S. Sanan J. Fluorine Chem. 44 1989 59
390. Z. Jiang, and Y. Lu Tetrahedron Lett. 51 2010 1884
391. P.T. Grover, N.N. Bhongle, S.A. Wald, and C.H. Senanayake J. Org. Chem. 65 2000 6283
392. P. Gupta, R.A. Fernandes, and P. Kumar Tetrahedron Lett. 44 2003 4231
393. S. Masumoto, M. Suzuki, M. Kanai, and M. Shibasaki Tetrahedron 60 2004 10497
394. F. Wang, Y. Xiong, X. Liu, and X. Feng Adv. Synth. Catal. 349 2007 2665
395. X.-Y. Xu, Z. Tang, Y.-Z. Wang, S.-W. Luo, L.-F. Cun, and L.-Z. Gong J. Org. Chem. 72 2007 9905
396. J. Liu, Z. Yang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, X. Chen, X. Liu, X. Feng, Z. Su, and C. Hu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 5654
397. C. Shen, F. Shen, H. Xia, P. Zhang, and X. Chen Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 22 2011 708
398. J. Liu, Z. Yang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, X. Chen, X. Liu, X. Feng, Z. Su, and C. Hu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 5654
399. S. Perera, V. Naganaboina, L. Wang, B. Zhang, Q. Guo, L. Rout, and C.-G. Zhao Adv. Synth. Catal. 353 2011 1729
400. S. Samanta, J. Krause, T. Mandal, and C.-G. Zhao Org. Lett. 9 2007 2745
401. L.-W. Xu, J. Luo, and Y. Lu Chem. Commun. 2009 1807
402. F. Peng, and Z. Shao J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 285 2008 1
403. Y.-C. Chen Synlett 2008 1919
404. H.J. Lee, J.H. Kim, and D.Y. Kim Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 32 2011 785
405. G. Pousse, F. Le Cavelier, L. Humphreys, J. Rouden, and J. Blanchet Org. Lett. 12 2010 3582
406. T. Akiyama Chem. Rev. 107 2007 5744
407. M. Terada Chem. Commun. 2008 4097
408. M. Terada Synthesis 2010 1929
409. S.S.V. Ramasastry, H. Zhang, F. Tanaka, and C.F. Barbas III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 288
410. N. Palyam, and M. Majewski J. Org. Chem. 74 2009 4390 and references cited therein
411. X. Jiang, G. Zhang, D. Fu, Y. Cao, F. Shen, and R. Wang Org. Lett. 12 2010 1544
412. M.K. Vecchione, L. Li, and D. Seidel Chem. Commun. 2010 4604
413. X. Jiang, Y. Cao, Y. Wang, L. Liu, F. Shen, and R. Wang J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 15328 and references cited there in
414. M. Markert, M. Mulzer, B. Schetter, and R. Mahrwald J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 7258
415. T.K.M. Shing, and H.M. Cheng Org. Lett. 10 2008 4137
416. J. Paradowska, M. Rogozinska, and J. Mlynarski Tetrahedron Lett. 50 2009 1639
417. M. Shi, and W. Zhang Tetrahedron 61 2005 11887
418. S. Ogawa, N. Shibata, J. Inagaki, S. Nakamura, T. Toru, and M. Shiro Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 46 2007 8666
419. E.M.O. Yeboah, S.O. Yeboah, and G.S. Singh Tetrahedron 67 2011 1725
420. X.-L. Liu, Y.-H. Liao, Z.-J. Wu, L.-F. Cun, X.-M. Zhang, and W.-C. Yuan J. Org. Chem. 75 2010 4872
421. S. Akai, T. Tsujino, E. Akiyama, K. Tanimoto, T. Naka, and Y. Kita J. Org. Chem. 69 2004 2478
422. A. Ashimori, B. Bachand, M.A. Calter, S.P. Govek, L.E. Overman, and D.J. Poon J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 1998 6488
423. Q. Guo, M. Bhanushali, and C.-G. Zhao Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 49 2010 9460
424. T. Tokunaga, W.E. Hume, T. Umezome, K. Okazaki, Y. Ueki, K. Kumagai, S. Hourai, J. Nagamine, H. Seki, M. Taiji, H. Noguchi, and R. Nagata J. Med. Chem. 44 2001 4641
425. T. Tokunaga, W.E. Hume, J. Nagamine, T. Kawamura, M. Taiji, and R. Nagata Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 2005 1789
426. H.V. Erkizan, Y. Kong, M. Merchant, S. Schlottmann, J.S. Barber-Rotenberg, L. Yuan, O.D. Abaan, T.-H. Chou, S. Dakshanamurthy, M.L. Brown, A. Üren, and J.A. Toretsky Nat. Med. 15 2009 750
427. S. Allu, N. Molleti, R. Panem, and V.K. Singh Tetrahedron Lett. 52 2011 4080