Mechanisms underlying NMDA receptor synaptic/extrasynaptic distribution and function

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 308-320

  Gladding, Clare M ^a,b   Raymond, Lynn A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Extrasynaptic; Lateral diffusion; Neurodegenerative disease; NMDA receptor; Phosphorylation; Signaling

Indexed keywords

CALPAIN; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; ISCHEMIA; NONHUMAN; PALMITOYLATION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; UBIQUITINATION;

ANIMALS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNAPSES; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 79961168563     PISSN: 10447431     EISSN: 10959327     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.05.001     Document Type: Review

References (235)

1. Aarts M., Liu Y., Liu L., Besshoh S., Arundine M., Gurd J.W., Wang Y.T., Salter M.W., Tymianski M. Treatment of ischemic brain damage by perturbing NMDA receptor-PSD-95 protein interactions. Science 2002, 298:846-850.
2. Ali D.W., Salter M.W. NMDA receptor regulation by Src kinase signalling in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2001, 11:336-342.
3. Allison D.W., Gelfand V.I., Spector I., Craig A.M. Role of actin in anchoring postsynaptic receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons: differential attachment of NMDA versus AMPA receptors. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:2423-2436.
4. Ariano M.A., Wagle N., Grissell A.E. Neuronal vulnerability in mouse models of Huntington's disease: membrane channel protein changes. J. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 80:634-645.
5. Arundine M., Tymianski M. Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 2003, 34:325-337.
6. Bard L., Sainlos M., Bouchet D., Cousins S., Mikasova L., Breillat C., Stephenson F.A., Imperiali B., Choquet D., Groc L. Dynamic and specific interaction between synaptic NR2-NMDA receptor and PDZ proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:19561-19566.
7. Barria A., Malinow R. Subunit-specific NMDA receptor trafficking to synapses. Neuron 2002, 35:345-353.
8. Barrow S.L., Constable J.R., Clark E., El-Sabeawy F., McAllister A.K., Washbourne P. Neuroligin1: a cell adhesion molecule that recruits PSD-95 and NMDA receptors by distinct mechanisms during synaptogenesis. Neural Dev. 2009, 4:17.
9. Bats C., Groc L., Choquet D. The interaction between Stargazin and PSD-95 regulates AMPA receptor surface trafficking. Neuron 2007, 53:719-734.
10. Beal M.F., Kowall N.W., Ellison D.W., Mazurek M.F., Swartz K.J., Martin J.B. Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington's disease by quinolinic acid. Nature 1986, 321:168-171.
11. Beal M.F., Kowall N.W., Swartz K.J., Ferrante R.J. Homocysteic acid lesions in rat striatum spare somatostatin-neuropeptide Y (NADPH-diaphorase) neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 1990, 108:36-42.
12. Beique J.C., Lin D.T., Kang M.G., Aizawa H., Takamiya K., Huganir R.L. Synapse-specific regulation of AMPA receptor function by PSD-95. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:19535-19540.
13. Bellone C., Nicoll R.A. Rapid bidirectional switching of synaptic NMDA receptors. Neuron 2007, 55:779-785.
14. Bi R., Rong Y., Bernard A., Khrestchatisky M., Baudry M. Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2 subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors protects from calpain-mediated truncation of their C-terminal domains. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:26477-26483.
15. Blanpied T.A., Scott D.B., Ehlers M.D. Dynamics and regulation of clathrin coats at specialized endocytic zones of dendrites and spines. Neuron 2002, 36:435-449.
16. Bliss T.V., Collingridge G.L. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 1993, 361:31-39.
17. Bockers T.M., Mameza M.G., Kreutz M.R., Bockmann J., Weise C., Buck F., Richter D., Gundelfinger E.D., Kreienkamp H.J. Synaptic scaffolding proteins in rat brain. Ankyrin repeats of the multidomain Shank protein family interact with the cytoskeletal protein alpha-fodrin. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:40104-40112.
18. Bordji K., Becerril-Ortega J., Nicole O., Buisson A. Activation of extrasynaptic, but not synaptic, NMDA receptors modifies amyloid precursor protein expression pattern and increases amyloid-ss production. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:15927-15942.
19. Braithwaite S.P., Adkisson M., Leung J., Nava A., Masterson B., Urfer R., Oksenberg D., Nikolich K. Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking and function by striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 23:2847-2856.
20. Braithwaite S.P., Xu J., Leung J., Urfer R., Nikolich K., Oksenberg D., Lombroso P.J., Shamloo M. Expression and function of striatal enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase is profoundly altered in cerebral ischemia. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 27:2444-2452.
21. Carroll R.C., Zukin R.S. NMDA-receptor trafficking and targeting: implications for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 2002, 25:571-577.
22. Carter A.G., Regehr W.G. Prolonged synaptic currents and glutamate spillover at the parallel fiber to stellate cell synapse. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:4423-4434.
23. Cepeda C., Ariano M.A., Calvert C.R., Flores-Hernandez J., Chandler S.H., Leavitt B.R., Hayden M.R., Levine M.S. NMDA receptor function in mouse models of Huntington disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 2001, 66:525-539.
24. Cepeda C., Cummings D.M., Andre V.M., Holley S.M., Levine M.S. Genetic mouse models of Huntington's disease: focus on electrophysiological mechanisms. ASN Neuro 2010, 2:e00033.
25. Chavis P., Westbrook G. Integrins mediate functional pre- and postsynaptic maturation at a hippocampal synapse. Nature 2001, 411:317-321.
26. Chen B.S., Roche K.W. Regulation of NMDA receptors by phosphorylation. Neuropharmacology 2007, 53:362-368.
27. Chen H.S., Lipton S.A. The chemical biology of clinically tolerated NMDA receptor antagonists. J. Neurochem. 2006, 97:1611-1626.
28. Chen H.S., Wang Y.F., Rayudu P.V., Edgecomb P., Neill J.C., Segal M.M., Lipton S.A., Jensen F.E. Neuroprotective concentrations of the N-methyl-d-aspartate open-channel blocker memantine are effective without cytoplasmic vacuolation following post-ischemic administration and do not block maze learning or long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 1998, 86:1121-1132.
29. Chen S., Diamond J.S. Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic NMDA receptors on cells in the ganglion cell layer of rat retina. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:2165-2173.
30. Choe E.A., Liao L., Zhou J.Y., Cheng D., Duong D.M., Jin P., Tsai L.H., Peng J. Neuronal morphogenesis is regulated by the interplay between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and the ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 1. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:9503-9512.
31. Christopherson K.S., Sweeney N.T., Craven S.E., Kang R., El-Husseini Ael D., Bredt D.S. Lipid- and protein-mediated multimerization of PSD-95: implications for receptor clustering and assembly of synaptic protein networks. J. Cell Sci. 2003, 116:3213-3219.
32. Chung H.J., Huang Y.H., Lau L.F., Huganir R.L. Regulation of the NMDA receptor complex and trafficking by activity-dependent phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit PDZ ligand. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:10248-10259.
33. Cingolani L.A., Goda Y. Actin in action: the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and synaptic efficacy. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 9:344-356.
34. Cisse M., Halabisky B., Harris J., Devidze N., Dubal D.B., Sun B., Orr A., Lotz G., Kim D.H., Hamto P., Ho K., Yu G.Q., Mucke L. Reversing EphB2 depletion rescues cognitive functions in Alzheimer model. Nature 2010, 469:47-52.
35. Clark B.A., Cull-Candy S.G. Activity-dependent recruitment of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation at an AMPA receptor-only synapse. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:4428-4436.
36. Colledge M., Dean R.A., Scott G.K., Langeberg L.K., Huganir R.L., Scott J.D. Targeting of PKA to glutamate receptors through a MAGUK-AKAP complex. Neuron 2000, 27:107-119.
37. Craven S.E., El-Husseini A.E., Bredt D.S. Synaptic targeting of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 mediated by lipid and protein motifs. Neuron 1999, 22:497-509.
38. Crump F.T., Dillman K.S., Craig A.M. cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates activity-regulated synaptic targeting of NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:5079-5088.
39. Cull-Candy S., Brickley S., Farrant M. NMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2001, 11:327-335.
40. Cull-Candy S.G., Leszkiewicz D.N. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Sci STKE 2004, re16.
41. Dalva M.B., Takasu M.A., Lin M.Z., Shamah S.M., Hu L., Gale N.W., Greenberg M.E. EphB receptors interact with NMDA receptors and regulate excitatory synapse formation. Cell 2000, 103:945-956.
42. Danysz W., Parsons C.G., Mobius H.J., Stoffler A., Quack G. Neuroprotective and symptomatological action of memantine relevant for Alzheimer's disease-a unified glutamatergic hypothesis on the mechanism of action. Neurotox. Res. 2000, 2:85-97.
43. Das S., Sasaki Y.F., Rothe T., Premkumar L.S., Takasu M., Crandall J.E., Dikkes P., Conner D.A., Rayudu P.V., Cheung W., Chen H.S., Lipton S.A., Nakanishi N. Increased NMDA current and spine density in mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit NR3A. Nature 1998, 393:377-381.
44. Davies S., Ramsden D.B. Huntington's disease. Mol. Pathol. 2001, 54:409-413.
45. De Felice F.G., Velasco P.T., Lambert M.P., Viola K., Fernandez S.J., Ferreira S.T., Klein W.L. Abeta oligomers induce neuronal oxidative stress through an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanism that is blocked by the Alzheimer drug memantine. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:11590-11601.
46. De Felice F.G., Vieira M.N., Bomfim T.R., Decker H., Velasco P.T., Lambert M.P., Viola K.L., Zhao W.Q., Ferreira S.T., Klein W.L. Protection of synapses against Alzheimer's-linked toxins: insulin signaling prevents the pathogenic binding of Abeta oligomers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:1971-1976.
47. Decker H., Jurgensen S., Adrover M.F., Brito-Moreira J., Bomfim T.R., Klein W.L., Epstein A.L., De Felice F.G., Jerusalinsky D., Ferreira S.T. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are required for synaptic targeting of Alzheimer's toxic amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. J. Neurochem. 2010, 115:1520-1529.
48. Dong Y.N., Waxman E.A., Lynch D.R. Interactions of postsynaptic density-95 and the NMDA receptor 2 subunit control calpain-mediated cleavage of the NMDA receptor. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:11035-11045.
49. Dong Y.N., Wu H.Y., Hsu F.C., Coulter D.A., Lynch D.R. Developmental and cell-selective variations in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor degradation by calpain. J. Neurochem. 2006, 99:206-217.
50. Doshi S., Lynch D.R. Calpain and the glutamatergic synapse. Front Biosci. (Schol. Ed.) 2009, 1:466-476.
51. Dunah A.W., Wang Y., Yasuda R.P., Kameyama K., Huganir R.L., Wolfe B.B., Standaert D.G. Alterations in subunit expression, composition, and phosphorylation of striatal N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Mol. Pharmacol. 2000, 57:342-352.
52. Dunah A.W., Wyszynski M., Martin D.M., Sheng M., Standaert D.G. alpha-actinin-2 in rat striatum: localization and interaction with NMDA glutamate receptor subunits. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2000, 79:77-87.
53. Ehlers M.D. Activity level controls postsynaptic composition and signaling via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:231-242.
54. Ehlers M.D., Fung E.T., O'Brien R.J., Huganir R.L. Splice variant-specific interaction of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 with neuronal intermediate filaments. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:720-730.
55. Ehlers M.D., Tingley W.G., Huganir R.L. Regulated subcellular distribution of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. Science 1995, 269:1734-1737.
56. El-Husseini A.E., Craven S.E., Chetkovich D.M., Firestein B.L., Schnell E., Aoki C., Bredt D.S. Dual palmitoylation of PSD-95 mediates its vesiculotubular sorting, postsynaptic targeting, and ion channel clustering. J. Cell Biol. 2000, 148:159-172.
57. El-Husseini A.E., Schnell E., Chetkovich D.M., Nicoll R.A., Bredt D.S. PSD-95 involvement in maturation of excitatory synapses. Science 2000, 290:1364-1368.
58. el-Husseini Ael D., Bredt D.S. Protein palmitoylation: a regulator of neuronal development and function. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2002, 3:791-802.
59. Elias G.M., Elias L.A., Apostolides P.F., Kriegstein A.R., Nicoll R.A. Differential trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors by SAP102 and PSD-95 underlies synapse development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105:20953-20958.
60. Fan J., Cowan C.M., Zhang L.Y., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Interaction of postsynaptic density protein-95 with NMDA receptors influences excitotoxicity in the yeast artificial chromosome mouse model of Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:10928-10938.
61. Fan M.M., Fernandes H.B., Zhang L.Y., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Altered NMDA receptor trafficking in a yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:3768-3779.
62. Fernandes H.B., Baimbridge K.G., Church J., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Mitochondrial sensitivity and altered calcium handling underlie enhanced NMDA-induced apoptosis in YAC128 model of Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:13614-13623.
63. Flint A.C., Maisch U.S., Weishaupt J.H., Kriegstein A.R., Monyer H. NR2A subunit expression shortens NMDA receptor synaptic currents in developing neocortex. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:2469-2476.
64. Fong D.K., Rao A., Crump F.T., Craig A.M. Rapid synaptic remodeling by protein kinase C: reciprocal translocation of NMDA receptors and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:2153-2164.
65. Gardoni F., Picconi B., Ghiglieri V., Polli F., Bagetta V., Bernardi G., Cattabeni F., Di Luca M., Calabresi P. A critical interaction between NR2B and MAGUK in l-DOPA induced dyskinesia. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2914-2922.
66. Gardoni F., Polli F., Cattabeni F., Di Luca M. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation modulates PSD-95 binding to NMDA receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 24:2694-2704.
67. Gascon S., Sobrado M., Roda J.M., Rodriguez-Pena A., Diaz-Guerra M. Excitotoxicity and focal cerebral ischemia induce truncation of the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and cleavage of the scaffolding protein PSD-95. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:99-114.
68. Glickman M.H., Ciechanover A. The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: destruction for the sake of construction. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82:373-428.
69. Goebel S.M., Alvestad R.M., Coultrap S.J., Browning M.D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is enhanced in synaptic membrane fractions of the adult rat hippocampus. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 142:65-79.
70. Goebel-Goody S.M., Davies K.D., Alvestad Linger R.M., Freund R.K., Browning M.D. Phospho-regulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in adult hippocampal slices. Neuroscience 2009, 158:1446-1459.
71. Graham R.K., Pouladi M.A., Joshi P., Lu G., Deng Y., Wu N.P., Figueroa B.E., Metzler M., Andre V.M., Slow E.J., Raymond L., Friedlander R., Levine M.S., Leavitt B.R., Hayden M.R. Differential susceptibility to excitotoxic stress in YAC128 mouse models of Huntington disease between initiation and progression of disease. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:2193-2204.
72. Graveland G.A., Williams R.S., DiFiglia M. Evidence for degenerative and regenerative changes in neostriatal spiny neurons in Huntington's disease. Science 1985, 227:770-773.
73. Groc L., Bard L., Choquet D. Surface trafficking of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors: physiological and pathological perspectives. Neuroscience 2009, 158:4-18.
74. Groc L., Choquet D. AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptor trafficking: multiple roads for reaching and leaving the synapse. Cell Tissue Res. 2006, 326:423-438.
75. Groc L., Choquet D., Stephenson F.A., Verrier D., Manzoni O.J., Chavis P. NMDA receptor surface trafficking and synaptic subunit composition are developmentally regulated by the extracellular matrix protein Reelin. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:10165-10175.
76. Groc L., Heine M., Cognet L., Brickley K., Stephenson F.A., Lounis B., Choquet D. Differential activity-dependent regulation of the lateral mobilities of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:695-696.
77. Groc L., Heine M., Cousins S.L., Stephenson F.A., Lounis B., Cognet L., Choquet D. NMDA receptor surface mobility depends on NR2A-2B subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:18769-18774.
78. Groc L., Lafourcade M., Heine M., Renner M., Racine V., Sibarita J.B., Lounis B., Choquet D., Cognet L. Surface trafficking of neurotransmitter receptor: comparison between single-molecule/quantum dot strategies. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:12433-12437.
79. Grosshans D.R., Clayton D.A., Coultrap S.J., Browning M.D. LTP leads to rapid surface expression of NMDA but not AMPA receptors in adult rat CA1. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5:27-33.
80. Guillaud L., Setou M., Hirokawa N. KIF17 dynamics and regulation of NR2B trafficking in hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:131-140.
81. Gurd J.W., Bissoon N., Nguyen T.H., Lombroso P.J., Rider C.C., Beesley P.W., Vannucci S.J. Hypoxia-ischemia in perinatal rat brain induces the formation of a low molecular weight isoform of striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). J. Neurochem. 1999, 73:1990-1994.
82. Guttmann R.P., Baker D.L., Seifert K.M., Cohen A.S., Coulter D.A., Lynch D.R. Specific proteolysis of the NR2 subunit at multiple sites by calpain. J. Neurochem. 2001, 78:1083-1093.
83. Hadj Tahar A., Gregoire L., Darre A., Belanger N., Meltzer L., Bedard P.J. Effect of a selective glutamate antagonist on l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in drug-naive parkinsonian monkeys. Neurobiol. Dis. 2004, 15:171-176.
84. Hahn C.G., Wang H.Y., Cho D.S., Talbot K., Gur R.E., Berrettini W.H., Bakshi K., Kamins J., Borgmann-Winter K.E., Siegel S.J., Gallop R.J., Arnold S.E. Altered neuregulin 1-erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. Nat. Med. 2006, 12:824-828.
85. Hardingham G.E., Bading H. Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:682-696.
86. Hardingham G.E., Fukunaga Y., Bading H. Extrasynaptic NMDARs oppose synaptic NMDARs by triggering CREB shut-off and cell death pathways. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5:405-414.
87. Harjes P., Wanker E.E. The hunt for huntingtin function: interaction partners tell many different stories. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2003, 28:425-433.
88. Harris A.Z., Pettit D.L. Extrasynaptic and synaptic NMDA receptors form stable and uniform pools in rat hippocampal slices. J. Physiol. 2007, 584:509-519.
89. Harris A.Z., Pettit D.L. Recruiting extrasynaptic NMDA receptors augments synaptic signaling. J. Neurophysiol. 2008, 99:524-533.
90. Hawasli A.H., Benavides D.R., Nguyen C., Kansy J.W., Hayashi K., Chambon P., Greengard P., Powell C.M., Cooper D.C., Bibb J.A. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic plasticity via control of NMDAR degradation. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:880-886.
91. Hayashi T., Thomas G.M., Huganir R.L. Dual palmitoylation of NR2 subunits regulates NMDA receptor trafficking. Neuron 2009, 64:213-226.
92. HDCRG A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell 1993, 72:971-983.
93. Hering H., Sheng M. Activity-dependent redistribution and essential role of cortactin in dendritic spine morphogenesis. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:11759-11769.
94. Hicke L. Protein regulation by monoubiquitin. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001, 2:195-201.
95. Huang K., El-Husseini A. Modulation of neuronal protein trafficking and function by palmitoylation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15:527-535.
96. Huang K., Yanai A., Kang R., Arstikaitis P., Singaraja R.R., Metzler M., Mullard A., Haigh B., Gauthier-Campbell C., Gutekunst C.A., Hayden M.R., El-Husseini A. Huntingtin-interacting protein HIP14 is a palmitoyl transferase involved in palmitoylation and trafficking of multiple neuronal proteins. Neuron 2004, 44:977-986.
97. Hung A.Y., Sheng M. PDZ domains: structural modules for protein complex assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:5699-5702.
98. Irie M., Hata Y., Takeuchi M., Ichtchenko K., Toyoda A., Hirao K., Takai Y., Rosahl T.W., Sudhof T.C. Binding of neuroligins to PSD-95. Science 1997, 277:1511-1515.
99. Ivanov A., Pellegrino C., Rama S., Dumalska I., Salyha Y., Ben-Ari Y., Medina I. Opposing role of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J. Physiol. 2006, 572:789-798.
100. Jarabek B.R., Yasuda R.P., Wolfe B.B. Regulation of proteins affecting NMDA receptor-induced excitotoxicity in a Huntington's mouse model. Brain 2004, 127:505-516.
101. Jourdain P., Bergersen L.H., Bhaukaurally K., Bezzi P., Santello M., Domercq M., Matute C., Tonello F., Gundersen V., Volterra A. Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:331-339.
102. Jurd R., Thornton C., Wang J., Luong K., Phamluong K., Kharazia V., Gibb S.L., Ron D. Mind bomb-2 is an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:301-310.
103. Kalchman M.A., Koide H.B., McCutcheon K., Graham R.K., Nichol K., Nishiyama K., Kazemi-Esfarjani P., Lynn F.C., Wellington C., Metzler M., Goldberg Y.P., Kanazawa I., Gietz R.D., Hayden M.R. HIP1, a human homologue of S. cerevisiae Sla2p, interacts with membrane-associated huntingtin in the brain. Nat. Genet. 1997, 16:44-53.
104. Kalia L.V., Pitcher G.M., Pelkey K.A., Salter M.W. PSD-95 is a negative regulator of the tyrosine kinase Src in the NMDA receptor complex. EMBO J. 2006, 25:4971-4982.
105. Kaltenbach L.S., Romero E., Becklin R.R., Chettier R., Bell R., Phansalkar A., Strand A., Torcassi C., Savage J., Hurlburt A., Cha G.H., Ukani L., Chepanoske C.L., Zhen Y., Sahasrabudhe S., Olson J., Kurschner C., Ellerby L.M., Peltier J.M., Botas J., Hughes R.E. Huntingtin interacting proteins are genetic modifiers of neurodegeneration. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3:e82.
106. Kang R., Wan J., Arstikaitis P., Takahashi H., Huang K., Bailey A.O., Thompson J.X., Roth A.F., Drisdel R.C., Mastro R., Green W.N., Yates J.R., Davis N.G., El-Husseini A. Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation. Nature 2008, 456:904-909.
107. Kato A., Rouach N., Nicoll R.A., Bredt D.S. Activity-dependent NMDA receptor degradation mediated by retrotranslocation and ubiquitination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102:5600-5605.
108. Kew J.N., Richards J.G., Mutel V., Kemp J.A. Developmental changes in NMDA receptor glycine affinity and ifenprodil sensitivity reveal three distinct populations of NMDA receptors in individual rat cortical neurons. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:1935-1943.
109. Kim E., Sheng M. PDZ domain proteins of synapses. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:771-781.
110. Klauck T.M., Faux M.C., Labudda K., Langeberg L.K., Jaken S., Scott J.D. Coordination of three signaling enzymes by AKAP79, a mammalian scaffold protein. Science 1996, 271:1589-1592.
111. 2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:1165-1178.
112. Kuriu T., Inoue A., Bito H., Sobue K., Okabe S. Differential control of postsynaptic density scaffolds via actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:7693-7706.
113. Kurup P., Zhang Y., Xu J., Venkitaramani D.V., Haroutunian V., Greengard P., Nairn A.C., Lombroso P.J. Abeta-mediated NMDA receptor endocytosis in Alzheimer's disease involves ubiquitination of the tyrosine phosphatase STEP61. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:5948-5957.
114. Lacor P.N., Buniel M.C., Furlow P.W., Clemente A.S., Velasco P.T., Wood M., Viola K.L., Klein W.L. Abeta oligomer-induced aberrations in synapse composition, shape, and density provide a molecular basis for loss of connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:796-807.
115. Lan J.Y., Skeberdis V.A., Jover T., Grooms S.Y., Lin Y., Araneda R.C., Zheng X., Bennett M.V., Zukin R.S. Protein kinase C modulates NMDA receptor trafficking and gating. Nat. Neurosci. 2001, 4:382-390.
116. Lau C.G., Zukin R.S. NMDA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:413-426.
117. Lavezzari G., McCallum J., Lee R., Roche K.W. Differential binding of the AP-2 adaptor complex and PSD-95 to the C-terminus of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B regulates surface expression. Neuropharmacology 2003, 45:729-737.
118. Le Meur K., Galante M., Angulo M.C., Audinat E. Tonic activation of NMDA receptors by ambient glutamate of non-synaptic origin in the rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 2007, 580:373-383.
119. Leveille F., El Gaamouch F., Gouix E., Lecocq M., Lobner D., Nicole O., Buisson A. Neuronal viability is controlled by a functional relation between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. FASEB J. 2008, 22:4258-4271.
120. Levine M.S., Cepeda C., Andre V.M. Location, location, location: contrasting roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in Huntington's disease. Neuron 2010, 65:145-147.
121. Li B., Chen N., Luo T., Otsu Y., Murphy T.H., Raymond L.A. Differential regulation of synaptic and extra-synaptic NMDA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5:833-834.
122. Li L., Murphy T.H., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Enhanced striatal NR2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic currents in a mouse model of Huntington disease. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 92:2738-2746.
123. Li X., Standley C., Sapp E., Valencia A., Qin Z.H., Kegel K.B., Yoder J., Comer-Tierney L.A., Esteves M., Chase K., Alexander J., Masso N., Sobin L., Bellve K., Tuft R., Lifshitz L., Fogarty K., Aronin N., DiFiglia M. Mutant huntingtin impairs vesicle formation from recycling endosomes by interfering with Rab11 activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2009, 29:6106-6116.
124. Lin B., Arai A.C., Lynch G., Gall C.M. Integrins regulate NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 89:2874-2878.
125. Lin Y., Skeberdis V.A., Francesconi A., Bennett M.V., Zukin R.S. Postsynaptic density protein-95 regulates NMDA channel gating and surface expression. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:10138-10148.
126. Lipton S.A., Rosenberg P.A. Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994, 330:613-622.
127. Liu Y., Wong T.P., Aarts M., Rooyakkers A., Liu L., Lai T.W., Wu D.C., Lu J., Tymianski M., Craig A.M., Wang Y.T. NMDA receptor subunits have differential roles in mediating excitotoxic neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:2846-2857.
128. Loschmann P.A., De Groote C., Smith L., Wullner U., Fischer G., Kemp J.A., Jenner P., Klockgether T. Antiparkinsonian activity of Ro 25-6981, a NR2B subunit specific NMDA receptor antagonist, in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 2004, 187:86-93.
129. Luo J., Wang Y., Yasuda R.P., Dunah A.W., Wolfe B.B. The majority of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complexes in adult rat cerebral cortex contain at least three different subunits (NR1/NR2A/NR2B). Mol. Pharmacol. 1997, 51:79-86.
130. Mabb A.M., Ehlers M.D. Ubiquitination in postsynaptic function and plasticity. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2010, 26:179-210.
131. 2+ signaling, cell death and stroke. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29:75-81.
132. Mao L.M., Wang W., Chu X.P., Zhang G.C., Liu X.Y., Yang Y.J., Haines M., Papasian C.J., Fibuch E.E., Buch S., Chen J.G., Wang J.Q. Stability of surface NMDA receptors controls synaptic and behavioral adaptations to amphetamine. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:602-610.
133. Markgraf C.G., Velayo N.L., Johnson M.P., McCarty D.R., Medhi S., Koehl J.R., Chmielewski P.A., Linnik M.D. Six-hour window of opportunity for calpain inhibition in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 1998, 29:152-158.
134. Martel M.A., Wyllie D.J., Hardingham G.E. In developing hippocampal neurons, NR2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can mediate signaling to neuronal survival and synaptic potentiation, as well as neuronal death. Neuroscience 2009, 158:334-343.
135. McGee A.W., Bredt D.S. Assembly and plasticity of the glutamatergic postsynaptic specialization. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2003, 13:111-118.
136. Metzler M., Li B., Gan L., Georgiou J., Gutekunst C.A., Wang Y., Torre E., Devon R.S., Oh R., Legendre-Guillemin V., Rich M., Alvarez C., Gertsenstein M., McPherson P.S., Nagy A., Wang Y.T., Roder J.C., Raymond L.A., Hayden M.R. Disruption of the endocytic protein HIP1 results in neurological deficits and decreased AMPA receptor trafficking. EMBO J. 2003, 22:3254-3266.
137. Milnerwood A.J., Gladding C.M., Pouladi M.A., Kaufman A.M., Hines R.M., Boyd J.D., Ko R.W., Vasuta O.C., Graham R.K., Hayden M.R., Murphy T.H., Raymond L.A. Early increase in extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling and expression contributes to phenotype onset in Huntington's disease mice. Neuron 2010, 65:178-190.
138. Milnerwood A.J., Raymond L.A. Corticostriatal synaptic function in mouse models of Huntington's disease: early effects of huntingtin repeat length and protein load. J. Physiol. 2007, 585:817-831.
139. Milnerwood A.J., Raymond L.A. Early synaptic pathophysiology in neurodegeneration: insights from Huntington's disease. Trends Neurosci. 2010, 33:513-523.
140. Monyer H., Burnashev N., Laurie D.J., Sakmann B., Seeburg P.H. Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors. Neuron 1994, 12:529-540.
141. Morabito M.A., Sheng M., Tsai L.H. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates the N-terminal domain of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 in neurons. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:865-876.
142. Mori H., Manabe T., Watanabe M., Satoh Y., Suzuki N., Toki S., Nakamura K., Yagi T., Kushiya E., Takahashi T., Inoue Y., Sakimura K., Mishina M. Role of the carboxy-terminal region of the GluR epsilon2 subunit in synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor channel. Neuron 1998, 21:571-580.
143. Morishita W., Marie H., Malenka R.C. Distinct triggering and expression mechanisms underlie LTD of AMPA and NMDA synaptic responses. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:1043-1050.
144. Murphy K.P., Carter R.J., Lione L.A., Mangiarini L., Mahal A., Bates G.P., Dunnett S.B., Morton A.J. Abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired spatial cognition in mice transgenic for exon 1 of the human Huntington's disease mutation. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:5115-5123.
145. Nakazawa T., Komai S., Watabe A.M., Kiyama Y., Fukaya M., Arima-Yoshida F., Horai R., Sudo K., Ebine K., Delawary M., Goto J., Umemori H., Tezuka T., Iwakura Y., Watanabe M., Yamamoto T., Manabe T. NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation modulates fear learning as well as amygdaloid synaptic plasticity. EMBO J. 2006, 25:2867-2877.
146. Nash J.E., Fox S.H., Henry B., Hill M.P., Peggs D., McGuire S., Maneuf Y., Hille C., Brotchie J.M., Crossman A.R. Antiparkinsonian actions of ifenprodil in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset model of Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 2000, 165:136-142.
147. Nelson R.F., Glenn K.A., Miller V.M., Wen H., Paulson H.L. A novel route for F-box protein-mediated ubiquitination links CHIP to glycoprotein quality control. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:20242-20251.
148. Newpher T.M., Ehlers M.D. Glutamate receptor dynamics in dendritic microdomains. Neuron 2008, 58:472-497.
149. Newpher T.M., Ehlers M.D. Spine microdomains for postsynaptic signaling and plasticity. Trends Cell Biol. 2009, 19:218-227.
150. Nguyen T.H., Liu J., Lombroso P.J. Striatal enriched phosphatase 61 dephosphorylates Fyn at phosphotyrosine 420. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:24274-24279.
151. Nguyen T.H., Paul S., Xu Y., Gurd J.W., Lombroso P.J. Calcium-dependent cleavage of striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). J. Neurochem. 1999, 73:1995-2001.
152. Niethammer M., Kim E., Sheng M. Interaction between the C terminus of NMDA receptor subunits and multiple members of the PSD-95 family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:2157-2163.
153. Nithianantharajah J., Barkus C., Murphy M., Hannan A.J. Gene-environment interactions modulating cognitive function and molecular correlates of synaptic plasticity in Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 2008, 29:490-504.
154. Okabe S., Miwa A., Okado H. Alternative splicing of the C-terminal domain regulates cell surface expression of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:7781-7792.
155. Okamoto S., Pouladi M.A., Talantova M., Yao D., Xia P., Ehrnhoefer D.E., Zaidi R., Clemente A., Kaul M., Graham R.K., Zhang D., Vincent Chen H.S., Tong G., Hayden M.R., Lipton S.A. Balance between synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity influences inclusions and neurotoxicity of mutant huntingtin. Nat. Med. 2009, 15:1407-1413.
156. Ondo W.G., Mejia N.I., Hunter C.B. A pilot study of the clinical efficacy and safety of memantine for Huntington's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2007, 13:453-454.
157. Paillé V., Picconi B., Bagetta V., Ghiglieri V., Sgobio C., Di Filippo M., Viscomi M.T., Giampa C., Fusco F.R., Gardoni F., Bernardi G., Greengard P., Di Luca M., Calabresi P. Distinct levels of dopamine denervation differentially alter striatal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor subunit composition. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:14182-14193.
158. Paoletti P., Neyton J. NMDA receptor subunits: function and pharmacology. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2007, 7:39-47.
159. Papadia S., Hardingham G.E. The dichotomy of NMDA receptor signaling. Neuroscientist 2007, 13:572-579.
160. Papadia S., Soriano F.X., Leveille F., Martel M.A., Dakin K.A., Hansen H.H., Kaindl A., Sifringer M., Fowler J., Stefovska V., McKenzie G., Craigon M., Corriveau R., Ghazal P., Horsburgh K., Yankner B.A., Wyllie D.J., Ikonomidou C., Hardingham G.E. Synaptic NMDA receptor activity boosts intrinsic antioxidant defenses. Nat. Neurosci. 2008, 11:476-487.
161. Parsons C.G., Stoffler A., Danysz W. Memantine: a NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic system-too little activation is bad, too much is even worse. Neuropharmacology 2007, 53:699-723.
162. Paulsen J.S., Langbehn D.R., Stout J.C., Aylward E., Ross C.A., Nance M., Guttman M., Johnson S., MacDonald M., Beglinger L.J., Duff K., Kayson E., Biglan K., Shoulson I., Oakes D., Hayden M. Detection of Huntington's disease decades before diagnosis: the Predict-HD study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2008, 79:874-880.
163. Pelkey K.A., Askalan R., Paul S., Kalia L.V., Nguyen T.H., Pitcher G.M., Salter M.W., Lombroso P.J. Tyrosine phosphatase STEP is a tonic brake on induction of long-term potentiation. Neuron 2002, 34:127-138.
164. Pérez-Otaño I., Luján R., Tavalin S.J., Plomann M., Modregger J., Liu X.B., Jones E.G., Heinemann S.F., Lo D.C., Ehlers M.D. Endocytosis and synaptic removal of NR3A-containing NMDA receptors by PACSIN1/syndapin1. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:611-621.
165. Petralia R.S., Al-Hallaq R.A., Wenthold R.J. Trafficking and Targeting of NMDA Receptors 2009.
166. Petralia R.S., Sans N., Wang Y.X., Wenthold R.J. Ontogeny of postsynaptic density proteins at glutamatergic synapses. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2005, 29:436-452.
167. Petralia R.S., Wang Y.X., Hua F., Yi Z., Zhou A., Ge L., Stephenson F.A., Wenthold R.J. Organization of NMDA receptors at extrasynaptic locations. Neuroscience 2010, 167:68-87.
168. Petralia R.S., Wang Y.X., Wenthold R.J. Internalization at glutamatergic synapses during development. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 18:3207-3217.
169. Poddar R., Deb I., Mukherjee S., Paul S. NR2B-NMDA receptor mediated modulation of the tyrosine phosphatase STEP regulates glutamate induced neuronal cell death. J. Neurochem. 2010, 115:1350-1362.
170. Prybylowski K., Chang K., Sans N., Kan L., Vicini S., Wenthold R.J. The synaptic localization of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors is controlled by interactions with PDZ proteins and AP-2. Neuron 2005, 47:845-857.
171. Racz B., Blanpied T.A., Ehlers M.D., Weinberg R.J. Lateral organization of endocytic machinery in dendritic spines. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:917-918.
172. Rashidian J., Iyirhiaro G., Aleyasin H., Rios M., Vincent I., Callaghan S., Bland R.J., Slack R.S., During M.J., Park D.S. Multiple cyclin-dependent kinases signals are critical mediators of ischemia/hypoxic neuronal death in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:14080-14085.
173. Resh M.D. Fatty acylation of proteins: new insights into membrane targeting of myristoylated and palmitoylated proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1999, 1451:1-16.
174. Roche K.W., Standley S., McCallum J., Dune Ly C., Ehlers M.D., Wenthold R.J. Molecular determinants of NMDA receptor internalization. Nat. Neurosci. 2001, 4:794-802.
175. Rong Y., Lu X., Bernard A., Khrestchatisky M., Baudry M. Tyrosine phosphorylation of ionotropic glutamate receptors by Fyn or Src differentially modulates their susceptibility to calpain and enhances their binding to spectrin and PSD-95. J. Neurochem. 2001, 79:382-390.
176. Rosenmund C., Feltz A., Westbrook G.L. Synaptic NMDA receptor channels have a low open probability. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:2788-2795.
177. Salter M.W., Dong Y., Kalia L.V., Liu X.J., Pitcher G. Regulation of NMDA Receptors by Kinases and Phosphatases 2009.
178. Sans N., Petralia R.S., Wang Y.X., Blahos J., Hell J.W., Wenthold R.J. A developmental change in NMDA receptor-associated proteins at hippocampal synapses. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:1260-1271.
179. Sanz-Clemente A., Matta J.A., Isaac J.T., Roche K.W. Casein kinase 2 regulates the NR2 subunit composition of synaptic NMDA receptors. Neuron 2010, 67:984-996.
180. Scott D.B., Blanpied T.A., Ehlers M.D. Coordinated PKA and PKC phosphorylation suppresses RXR-mediated ER retention and regulates the surface delivery of NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2003, 45:755-767.
181. Scott D.B., Michailidis I., Mu Y., Logothetis D., Ehlers M.D. Endocytosis and degradative sorting of NMDA receptors by conserved membrane-proximal signals. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:7096-7109.
182. Setou M., Nakagawa T., Seog D.H., Hirokawa N. Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport. Science 2000, 288:1796-1802.
183. Shankar G.M., Bloodgood B.L., Townsend M., Walsh D.M., Selkoe D.J., Sabatini B.L. Natural oligomers of the Alzheimer amyloid-beta protein induce reversible synapse loss by modulating an NMDA-type glutamate receptor-dependent signaling pathway. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:2866-2875.
184. Shehadeh J., Fernandes H.B., Zeron Mullins M.M., Graham R.K., Leavitt B.R., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Striatal neuronal apoptosis is preferentially enhanced by NMDA receptor activation in YAC transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 2006, 21:392-403.
185. Sheng M., Cummings J., Roldan L.A., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. Changing subunit composition of heteromeric NMDA receptors during development of rat cortex. Nature 1994, 368:144-147.
186. Sheng M., Lee S.H. Growth of the NMDA receptor industrial complex. Nat. Neurosci. 2000, 3:633-635.
187. Sheng M., Pak D.T. Ligand-gated ion channel interactions with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2000, 62:755-778.
188. Shulman J.M., De Jager P.L., Feany M.B. Parkinson's disease: genetics and pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 2011, 6:193-222.
189. Simpkins K.L., Guttmann R.P., Dong Y., Chen Z., Sokol S., Neumar R.W., Lynch D.R. Selective activation induced cleavage of the NR2B subunit by calpain. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:11322-11331.
190. Singaraja R.R., Hadano S., Metzler M., Givan S., Wellington C.L., Warby S., Yanai A., Gutekunst C.A., Leavitt B.R., Yi H., Fichter K., Gan L., McCutcheon K., Chopra V., Michel J., Hersch S.M., Ikeda J.E., Hayden M.R. HIP14, a novel ankyrin domain-containing protein, links huntingtin to intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002, 11:2815-2828.
191. Smotrys J.E., Linder M.E. Palmitoylation of intracellular signaling proteins: regulation and function. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2004, 73:559-587.
192. Snyder E.M., Nong Y., Almeida C.G., Paul S., Moran T., Choi E.Y., Nairn A.C., Salter M.W., Lombroso P.J., Gouras G.K., Greengard P. Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-beta. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:1051-1058.
193. Song J.Y., Ichtchenko K., Sudhof T.C., Brose N. Neuroligin 1 is a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule of excitatory synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:1100-1105.
194. Soriano F.X., Martel M.A., Papadia S., Vaslin A., Baxter P., Rickman C., Forder J., Tymianski M., Duncan R., Aarts M., Clarke P., Wyllie D.J., Hardingham G.E. Specific targeting of pro-death NMDA receptor signals with differing reliance on the NR2B PDZ ligand. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:10696-10710.
195. Sornarajah L., Vasuta O.C., Zhang L., Sutton C., Li B., El-Husseini A., Raymond L.A. NMDA receptor desensitization regulated by direct binding to PDZ1-2 domains of PSD-95. J. Neurophysiol. 2008, 99:3052-3062.
196. Steigerwald F., Schulz T.W., Schenker L.T., Kennedy M.B., Seeburg P.H., Kohr G. C-Terminal truncation of NR2A subunits impairs synaptic but not extrasynaptic localization of NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:4573-4581.
197. Stephenson F.A., Cousins S.L., Kenny A.V. Assembly and forward trafficking of NMDA receptors (review). Mol. Membr. Biol. 2008, 25:311-320.
198. Subramaniam S., Sixt K.M., Barrow R., Snyder S.H. Rhes, a striatal specific protein, mediates mutant-huntingtin cytotoxicity. Science 2009, 324:1327-1330.
199. Sun Y., Savanenin A., Reddy P.H., Liu Y.F. Polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin promotes sensitization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors via post-synaptic density 95. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:24713-24718.
200. Takasu M.A., Dalva M.B., Zigmond R.E., Greenberg M.E. Modulation of NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx and gene expression through EphB receptors. Science 2002, 295:491-495.
201. Tezuka T., Umemori H., Akiyama T., Nakanishi S., Yamamoto T. PSD-95 promotes Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:435-440.
202. Thomas C.G., Miller A.J., Westbrook G.L. Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptor NR2 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 95:1727-1734.
203. Tingley W.G., Ehlers M.D., Kameyama K., Doherty C., Ptak J.B., Riley C.T., Huganir R.L. Characterization of protein kinase A and protein kinase C phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:5157-5166.
204. Tovar K.R., Westbrook G.L. The incorporation of NMDA receptors with a distinct subunit composition at nascent hippocampal synapses in vitro. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:4180-4188.
205. Tovar K.R., Westbrook G.L. Mobile NMDA receptors at hippocampal synapses. Neuron 2002, 34:255-264.
206. Townsend M., Yoshii A., Mishina M., Constantine-Paton M. Developmental loss of miniature N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor currents in NR2A knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:1340-1345.
207. Triller A., Choquet D. New concepts in synaptic biology derived from single-molecule imaging. Neuron 2008, 59:359-374.
208. Tu W., Xu X., Peng L., Zhong X., Zhang W., Soundarapandian M.M., Balel C., Wang M., Jia N., Lew F., Chan S.L., Chen Y., Lu Y. DAPK1 interaction with NMDA receptor NR2B subunits mediates brain damage in stroke. Cell 2010, 140:222-234.
209. Tzingounis A.V., Wadiche J.I. Glutamate transporters: confining runaway excitation by shaping synaptic transmission. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:935-947.
210. Uitti R.J., Rajput A.H., Ahlskog J.E., Offord K.P., Schroeder D.R., Ho M.M., Prasad M., Rajput A., Basran P. Amantadine treatment is an independent predictor of improved survival in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1996, 46:1551-1556.
211. Van Raamsdonk J.M., Pearson J., Slow E.J., Hossain S.M., Leavitt B.R., Hayden M.R. Cognitive dysfunction precedes neuropathology and motor abnormalities in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:4169-4180.
212. von Engelhardt J., Coserea I., Pawlak V., Fuchs E.C., Kohr G., Seeburg P.H., Monyer H. Excitotoxicity in vitro by NR2A- and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2007, 53:10-17.
213. Vonsattel J.P., DiFiglia M. Huntington disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1998, 57:369-384.
214. Wang J., Liu S., Fu Y., Wang J.H., Lu Y. Cdk5 activation induces hippocampal CA1 cell death by directly phosphorylating NMDA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:1039-1047.
215. Washbourne P., Bennett J.E., McAllister A.K. Rapid recruitment of NMDA receptor transport packets to nascent synapses. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5:751-759.
216. Washbourne P., Liu X.B., Jones E.G., McAllister A.K. Cycling of NMDA receptors during trafficking in neurons before synapse formation. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:8253-8264.
217. Watt A.J., Sjostrom P.J., Hausser M., Nelson S.B., Turrigiano G.G. A proportional but slower NMDA potentiation follows AMPA potentiation in LTP. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:518-524.
218. Wechsler A., Teichberg V.I. Brain spectrin binding to the NMDA receptor is regulated by phosphorylation, calcium and calmodulin. EMBO J. 1998, 17:3931-3939.
219. Wenthold R.J., Prybylowski K., Standley S., Sans N., Petralia R.S. Trafficking of NMDA receptors. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2003, 43:335-358.
220. Wessell R.H., Ahmed S.M., Menniti F.S., Dunbar G.L., Chase T.N., Oh J.D. NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist CP-101,606 prevents levodopa-induced motor response alterations in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2004, 47:184-194.
221. Westphal R.S., Tavalin S.J., Lin J.W., Alto N.M., Fraser I.D., Langeberg L.K., Sheng M., Scott J.D. Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex. Science 1999, 285:93-96.
222. Wu H.Y., Hsu F.C., Gleichman A.J., Baconguis I., Coulter D.A., Lynch D.R. Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NR2B Tyr-1336 controls calpain-mediated NR2B cleavage in neurons and heterologous systems. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:20075-20087.
223. Wyszynski M., Lin J., Rao A., Nigh E., Beggs A.H., Craig A.M., Sheng M. Competitive binding of alpha-actinin and calmodulin to the NMDA receptor. Nature 1997, 385:439-442.
224. Xu J., Kurup P., Zhang Y., Goebel-Goody S.M., Wu P.H., Hawasli A.H., Baum M.L., Bibb J.A., Lombroso P.J. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors couple preferentially to excitotoxicity via calpain-mediated cleavage of STEP. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:9330-9343.
225. Yi Z., Petralia R.S., Fu Z., Swanwick C.C., Wang Y.X., Prybylowski K., Sans N., Vicini S., Wenthold R.J. The role of the PDZ protein GIPC in regulating NMDA receptor trafficking. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11663-11675.
226. Yoshii A., Sheng M.H., Constantine-Paton M. Eye opening induces a rapid dendritic localization of PSD-95 in central visual neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:1334-1339.
227. Yuen E.Y., Ren Y., Yan Z. Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and calcineurin control the sensitivity of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors to calpain cleavage in cortical neurons. Mol. Pharmacol. 2008, 74:360-370.
228. Zeron M.M., Hansson O., Chen N., Wellington C.L., Leavitt B.R., Brundin P., Hayden M.R., Raymond L.A. Increased sensitivity to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuron 2002, 33:849-860.
229. Zhang H., Li Q., Graham R.K., Slow E., Hayden M.R., Bezprozvanny I. Full length mutant huntingtin is required for altered Ca2+ signaling and apoptosis of striatal neurons in the YAC mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 2008, 31:80-88.
230. Zhang J., Diamond J.S. Distinct perisynaptic and synaptic localization of NMDA and AMPA receptors on ganglion cells in rat retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 498:810-820.
231. Zhang S., Edelmann L., Liu J., Crandall J.E., Morabito M.A. Cdk5 regulates the phosphorylation of tyrosine 1472 NR2B and the surface expression of NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:415-424.
232. Zhang S.J., Steijaert M.N., Lau D., Schutz G., Delucinge-Vivier C., Descombes P., Bading H. Decoding NMDA receptor signaling: identification of genomic programs specifying neuronal survival and death. Neuron 2007, 53:549-562.
233. Zhang Y., Kurup P., Xu J., Carty N., Fernandez S.M., Nygaard H.B., Pittenger C., Greengard P., Strittmatter S.M., Nairn A.C., Lombroso P.J. Genetic reduction of striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) reverses cognitive and cellular deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:19014-19019.
234. Zhao J., Peng Y., Xu Z., Chen R.Q., Gu Q.H., Chen Z., Lu W. Synaptic metaplasticity through NMDA receptor lateral diffusion. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:3060-3070.
235. Zuccato C., Valenza M., Cattaneo E. Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutical targets in Huntington's disease. Physiol. Rev. 2010, 90:905-981.