메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 543-561

ABCD of the phosphodiesterase family: Interaction and differential activity in COPD

Author keywords

Anti inflammatory; Bronchodilator; COPD; Phosphodiesterase; Pulmonary vasodilator

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; AROFYLLINE; AWD 12281; BAY 19 8004; BAY 198004; BETA ARRESTIN; CILOMILAST; CILOSTAMIDE; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ANCHORING PROTEIN; ENOXIMONE; FELODIPINE; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; L 826141; LIXAZINONE; NICARDIPINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE I; PHOSPHODIESTERASE III; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V; PHOSPHODIESTERASE VII; PLACEBO; RETINA S ANTIGEN; ROFLUMILAST; ROLIPRAM; SELEGILINE; SPLEEN EXONUCLEASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINPOCETINE;

EID: 60249089353     PISSN: 11769106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (228)
  • 1
    • 0037878067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): New insights on the events leading to pulmonary inflammation
    • Agostini C, Trentin L, Adami F. 2003. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): new insights on the events leading to pulmonary inflammation. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis, 20:3-7.
    • (2003) Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis , vol.20 , pp. 3-7
    • Agostini, C.1    Trentin, L.2    Adami, F.3
  • 2
    • 12244264853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Agusti AG, Noguera A, Sauleda J, et al. 2003. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J, 21, 347-60.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 347-360
    • Agusti, A.G.1    Noguera, A.2    Sauleda, J.3
  • 3
    • 0037013422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDP840. A prototype of a novel class of orally active anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors
    • Alexander RP, Warrellow GJ, Eaton MA, et al. 2002. CDP840. A prototype of a novel class of orally active anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 12:1451-6.
    • (2002) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.12 , pp. 1451-1456
    • Alexander, R.P.1    Warrellow, G.J.2    Eaton, M.A.3
  • 4
    • 0033798777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, YM976 (4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,7-diethylpyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one), with little emetogenic activity
    • Aoki M, Kobayashi M, Ishikawa J, et al. 2000. A novel phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, YM976 (4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,7-diethylpyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one), with little emetogenic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 295:255-60.
    • (2000) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.295 , pp. 255-260
    • Aoki, M.1    Kobayashi, M.2    Ishikawa, J.3
  • 5
    • 0032408864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HD domain defines a new superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases
    • Aravind L, Koonin EV. 1998. The HD domain defines a new superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases. Trends Biochem Sci, 23:469-72.
    • (1998) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.23 , pp. 469-472
    • Aravind, L.1    Koonin, E.V.2
  • 6
    • 0030712081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GAF domain: An evolutionary link between diverse phototransducing proteins
    • Aravind L, Ponting CP. 1997. The GAF domain: an evolutionary link between diverse phototransducing proteins. Trends Biochem Sci, 22:458-9.
    • (1997) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.22 , pp. 458-459
    • Aravind, L.1    Ponting, C.P.2
  • 7
    • 6344221448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-kinase anchoring proteins interact with phosphodiesterases in T lymphocyte cell lines
    • Asirvatham AL, Galligan SG, Schillace RV, et al. 2004. A-kinase anchoring proteins interact with phosphodiesterases in T lymphocyte cell lines. J Immunol, 173:4806-14.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 4806-4814
    • Asirvatham, A.L.1    Galligan, S.G.2    Schillace, R.V.3
  • 8
    • 0037417890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates beta-adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi
    • Baillie GS, Sood A, Mcphee I, et al. 2003. beta-Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates beta-adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100:940-5.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 940-945
    • Baillie, G.S.1    Sood, A.2    Mcphee, I.3
  • 9
    • 3242726932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in inflammatory cells of smokers with COPD, smokers without COPD, and nonsmokers
    • Barber R, Baillie GS, Bergmann R, et al. 2004. Differential expression of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in inflammatory cells of smokers with COPD, smokers without COPD, and nonsmokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 287:L332-43.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.287
    • Barber, R.1    Baillie, G.S.2    Bergmann, R.3
  • 10
    • 14844303317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4D forms a cAMP diffusion barrier at the apical membrane of the airway epithelium
    • Barnes AP, Livera G, Huang P, et al. 2005. Phosphodiesterase 4D forms a cAMP diffusion barrier at the apical membrane of the airway epithelium. J Biol Chem, 280:7997-8003.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 7997-8003
    • Barnes, A.P.1    Livera, G.2    Huang, P.3
  • 11
    • 0032699082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Barnette MS. 1999. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prog Drug Res, 53:193-229.
    • (1999) Prog Drug Res , vol.53 , pp. 193-229
    • Barnette, M.S.1
  • 12
    • 0031911575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SB 207499 (Ariflo), a potent and selective second-generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor: In vitro anti-inflammatory actions
    • Barnette MS, Christensen SB, Essayan DM, et al. 1998. SB 207499 (Ariflo), a potent and selective second-generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor: In vitro anti-inflammatory actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 284:420-6.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.284 , pp. 420-426
    • Barnette, M.S.1    Christensen, S.B.2    Essayan, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 33947687574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergic skin diseases and psoriasis
    • Baumer W, Hoppmann J, Rundfeldt C, et al. 2007. Highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergic skin diseases and psoriasis. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets, 6:17-26.
    • (2007) Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets , vol.6 , pp. 17-26
    • Baumer, W.1    Hoppmann, J.2    Rundfeldt, C.3
  • 14
    • 0036189968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In addition to the SH3 binding region, multiple regions within the N-terminal noncatalytic portion of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4A5, contribute to its intracellular targeting
    • Beard MB, Huston E, Campbell L, et al. 2002. In addition to the SH3 binding region, multiple regions within the N-terminal noncatalytic portion of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4A5, contribute to its intracellular targeting. Cell Signal, 14:453-65.
    • (2002) Cell Signal , vol.14 , pp. 453-465
    • Beard, M.B.1    Huston, E.2    Campbell, L.3
  • 15
    • 0036729478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide research - still expanding after half a century
    • Beavo JA, Brunton LL. 2002. Cyclic nucleotide research - still expanding after half a century. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 3:710-8.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.3 , pp. 710-718
    • Beavo, J.A.1    Brunton, L.L.2
  • 16
    • 0028136159 scopus 로고
    • Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • Beavo JA, Conti M, Heaslip RJ. 1994. Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Mol Pharmacol, 46:399-405.
    • (1994) Mol Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 399-405
    • Beavo, J.A.1    Conti, M.2    Heaslip, R.J.3
  • 18
    • 31044446734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDE1B2 regulates cGMP and a subset of the phenotypic characteristics acquired upon macrophage differentiation from a monocyte
    • Bender AT, Beavo JA. 2006, PDE1B2 regulates cGMP and a subset of the phenotypic characteristics acquired upon macrophage differentiation from a monocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103:460-5.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 460-465
    • Bender, A.T.1    Beavo, J.A.2
  • 19
    • 12244313740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective up-regulation of PDE1B2 upon monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation
    • Bender AT, Ostenson CL, Wang EH, et al. 2005. Selective up-regulation of PDE1B2 upon monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102:497-502.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.102 , pp. 497-502
    • Bender, A.T.1    Ostenson, C.L.2    Wang, E.H.3
  • 20
    • 0036082487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of N-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxy-2- (trifluoromethyl)-5-quino line carboxamide (SCH 351591), a novel, orally active phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor
    • Billah MM, Cooper N, Minnicozzi M, et al. 2002. Pharmacology of N-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxy-2- (trifluoromethyl)-5-quino line carboxamide (SCH 351591), a novel, orally active phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 302:127-37.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 127-137
    • Billah, M.M.1    Cooper, N.2    Minnicozzi, M.3
  • 22
    • 0030459832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and tissue-specific expression of PDE7 phosphodiesterase splice variants
    • Bloom TJ, Beavo JA. 1996. Identification and tissue-specific expression of PDE7 phosphodiesterase splice variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93:14188-92.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 14188-14192
    • Bloom, T.J.1    Beavo, J.A.2
  • 23
    • 3042574999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of tritiated sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil to the phosphodiesterase-5 catalytic site displays potency, specificity, heterogeneity, and cGMP stimulation
    • Blount MA, Beasley A, Zoraghi R, et al. 2004. Binding of tritiated sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil to the phosphodiesterase-5 catalytic site displays potency, specificity, heterogeneity, and cGMP stimulation. Mol Pharmacol, 66:144-52.
    • (2004) Mol Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 144-152
    • Blount, M.A.1    Beasley, A.2    Zoraghi, R.3
  • 24
    • 0027454556 scopus 로고
    • A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs
    • Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, et al. 1993. A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol, 13:6558-71.
    • (1993) Mol Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 6558-6571
    • Bolger, G.1    Michaeli, T.2    Martins, T.3
  • 25
    • 0028574848 scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of the cyclic AMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: A diverse family of regulatory enzymes
    • Bolger GB. 1994. Molecular biology of the cyclic AMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: a diverse family of regulatory enzymes. Cell Signal, 6:851-9.
    • (1994) Cell Signal , vol.6 , pp. 851-859
    • Bolger, G.B.1
  • 26
    • 0041856176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the activity of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4A5 by interaction with the immunophilin XAP2
    • Bolger GB, Peden AH, Steele MR, et al. 2003. Attenuation of the activity of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4A5 by interaction with the immunophilin XAP2. J Biol Chem, 278:33351-63.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 33351-33363
    • Bolger, G.B.1    Peden, A.H.2    Steele, M.R.3
  • 27
    • 43049135501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MK-0873, a PDE4 inhibitor, does not influence the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy male volunteers
    • In press
    • Boot JD, De Haas SL, Van Gerven JM, et al. 2008. MK-0873, a PDE4 inhibitor, does not influence the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy male volunteers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. In press.
    • (2008) Pulm Pharmacol Ther
    • Boot, J.D.1    De Haas, S.L.2    Van Gerven, J.M.3
  • 28
    • 0015404592 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in anterior pituitary gland in vitro by synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
    • Borgeat P, Chavancy G, Dupont A, et al. 1972. Stimulation of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in anterior pituitary gland in vitro by synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 69:2677-81.
    • (1972) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.69 , pp. 2677-2681
    • Borgeat, P.1    Chavancy, G.2    Dupont, A.3
  • 29
    • 0041836339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epac: A new cAMP target and new avenues in cAMP research
    • Bos JL. 2003. Epac: a new cAMP target and new avenues in cAMP research. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 4:733-8.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.4 , pp. 733-738
    • Bos, J.L.1
  • 30
    • 0015947114 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of inflammation and immunity by cyclic AMP
    • Bourne HR, Lichtenstein LM, Melmon KL, et al. 1974. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by cyclic AMP. Science, 184:19-28.
    • (1974) Science , vol.184 , pp. 19-28
    • Bourne, H.R.1    Lichtenstein, L.M.2    Melmon, K.L.3
  • 31
    • 0027830541 scopus 로고
    • Second messenger signalling in olfaction
    • discussion 109-14, 147-9
    • Breer H. 1993. Second messenger signalling in olfaction. Ciba Found Symp, 179:97-109; discussion 109-14, 147-9.
    • (1993) Ciba Found Symp , vol.179 , pp. 97-109
    • Breer, H.1
  • 32
    • 0033822502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7-Methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides as PDE 4 inhibitors: A potential treatment for asthma
    • Buckley G, Cooper N, Dyke HJ, et al. 2000. 7-Methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides as PDE 4 inhibitors: a potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 10:2137-40.
    • (2000) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.10 , pp. 2137-2140
    • Buckley, G.1    Cooper, N.2    Dyke, H.J.3
  • 33
    • 0035078823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of roflumilast, a novel orally active PDE4 inhibitor
    • Bundschuh DS, Eltze M, Barsig J, et al. 2001. In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of roflumilast, a novel orally active PDE4 inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 297:280-90.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 280-290
    • Bundschuh, D.S.1    Eltze, M.2    Barsig, J.3
  • 34
    • 0034649680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological profile of 9-amino-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6, 7,1-hi]indoles: Discovery of potent, selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors
    • Burnouf C, Auclair E, Avenel N, et al. 2000. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological profile of 9-amino-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6, 7,1-hi]indoles: discovery of potent, selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors. J Med Chem, 43:4850-67.
    • (2000) J Med Chem , vol.43 , pp. 4850-4867
    • Burnouf, C.1    Auclair, E.2    Avenel, N.3
  • 35
    • 34447310046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley PM, Sanchez-Toril F, McIvor A, et al. 2007. Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 176:154-61.
    • (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.176 , pp. 154-161
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Sanchez-Toril, F.2    McIvor, A.3
  • 36
    • 0034881183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does sildenafil also improve breathing?
    • Charan NB. 2001. Does sildenafil also improve breathing? Chest, 120:305-6.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 305-306
    • Charan, N.B.1
  • 37
    • 4544236707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of purified human phosphodiesterase 4A expressed in yeast cell GL62 by ciclamilast, piclamilast, and rolipram
    • Chen JC, Chen JQ, Xie QM, et al. 2004. Selective inhibition of purified human phosphodiesterase 4A expressed in yeast cell GL62 by ciclamilast, piclamilast, and rolipram. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 25:1171-5.
    • (2004) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.25 , pp. 1171-1175
    • Chen, J.C.1    Chen, J.Q.2    Xie, Q.M.3
  • 38
    • 0029067662 scopus 로고
    • Novel thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of superoxide production by human neutrophils: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships
    • Chihiro M, Nagamoto H, Takemura I, et al. 1995. Novel thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of superoxide production by human neutrophils: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem, 38:353-8.
    • (1995) J Med Chem , vol.38 , pp. 353-358
    • Chihiro, M.1    Nagamoto, H.2    Takemura, I.3
  • 39
    • 14444268769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,4-Cyclohexanecarboxylates: Potent and selective inhibitors of phosophodiesterase 4 for the treatment of asthma
    • Christensen SB, Guider A, Forster CJ, et al. 1998. 1,4-Cyclohexanecarboxylates: potent and selective inhibitors of phosophodiesterase 4 for the treatment of asthma. J Med Chem, 41:821-35.
    • (1998) J Med Chem , vol.41 , pp. 821-835
    • Christensen, S.B.1    Guider, A.2    Forster, C.J.3
  • 40
    • 3342988190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claveau D, Chen SL, O'Keefe S, et al. 2004. Preferential inhibition of T helper 1, but not T helper 2, cytokines in vitro by L-826,141 [4-[2-(3,4-Bisdifluromethoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro- 2-hydroxy propan-2-yl)-phenyl]-ethyl]3-methylpyridine-1-oxide], a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 310:752-60.
    • Claveau D, Chen SL, O'Keefe S, et al. 2004. Preferential inhibition of T helper 1, but not T helper 2, cytokines in vitro by L-826,141 [4-[2-(3,4-Bisdifluromethoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro- 2-hydroxy propan-2-yl)-phenyl]-ethyl]3-methylpyridine-1-oxide], a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 310:752-60.
  • 41
    • 0035963952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised, dose-ranging study
    • Compton CH, Gubb J, Nieman R, et al. 2001. Cilomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet, 358:265-70.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 265-270
    • Compton, C.H.1    Gubb, J.2    Nieman, R.3
  • 42
    • 34447265905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and physiology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: Essential components in cyclic nucleotide signaling
    • Conti M, Beavo J. 2007. Biochemistry and physiology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: essential components in cyclic nucleotide signaling. Annu Rev Biochem, 76:481-511.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.76 , pp. 481-511
    • Conti, M.1    Beavo, J.2
  • 43
    • 0032605044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular biology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • Conti M, Jin SL. 1999. The molecular biology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol, 63:1-38.
    • (1999) Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol , vol.63 , pp. 1-38
    • Conti, M.1    Jin, S.L.2
  • 44
    • 0038024614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H]sildenafil binding to phosphodiesterase-5 is specific, kinetically heterogeneous, and stimulated by cGMP
    • Corbin JD, Blount MA, Weeks JL 2nd, et al. 2003. [3H]sildenafil binding to phosphodiesterase-5 is specific, kinetically heterogeneous, and stimulated by cGMP. Mol Pharmacol, 63:1364-72.
    • (2003) Mol Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 1364-1372
    • Corbin, J.D.1    Blount, M.A.2    Weeks 2nd, J.L.3
  • 45
    • 0033553509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5: Target of sildenafil
    • Corbin JD, Francis SH. 1999. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5: target of sildenafil. J Biol Chem, 274:13729-32.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 13729-13732
    • Corbin, J.D.1    Francis, S.H.2
  • 46
    • 0034108626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase-5 by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase alters its catalytic and allosteric cGMP-binding activities
    • Corbin JD, Turko IV, Beasley A, et al. 2000. Phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase-5 by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase alters its catalytic and allosteric cGMP-binding activities. Eur J Biochem, 267:2760-7.
    • (2000) Eur J Biochem , vol.267 , pp. 2760-2767
    • Corbin, J.D.1    Turko, I.V.2    Beasley, A.3
  • 47
    • 0026741623 scopus 로고
    • Human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes: Biochemical and pharmacological analysis using selective inhibitors
    • De Boer J, Philpott AJ, Van Amsterdam RG, et al. 1992. Human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes: biochemical and pharmacological analysis using selective inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol, 106:1028-34.
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.106 , pp. 1028-1034
    • De Boer, J.1    Philpott, A.J.2    Van Amsterdam, R.G.3
  • 48
    • 0030957594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, localization, and regulation of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3)
    • Degerman E, Belfrage P, Manganiello VC. 1997. Structure, localization, and regulation of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3). J Biol Chem, 272:6823-6.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 6823-6826
    • Degerman, E.1    Belfrage, P.2    Manganiello, V.C.3
  • 49
    • 0028029674 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of human eosinophil respiratory burst and cyclic AMP hydrolysis by inhibitors of type IV phosphodiesterase: Interaction with the beta adrenoceptor agonist albuterol
    • Dent G, Giembycz MA, Evans PM, et al. 1994. Suppression of human eosinophil respiratory burst and cyclic AMP hydrolysis by inhibitors of type IV phosphodiesterase: interaction with the beta adrenoceptor agonist albuterol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 271:1167-74.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 1167-1174
    • Dent, G.1    Giembycz, M.A.2    Evans, P.M.3
  • 50
    • 0032004232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human bronchial epithelial cells: Characterization of isoenzymes and functional effects of PDE inhibitors
    • Dent G, White SR, Tenor H, et al. 1998. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human bronchial epithelial cells: characterization of isoenzymes and functional effects of PDE inhibitors. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 11:47-56.
    • (1998) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 47-56
    • Dent, G.1    White, S.R.2    Tenor, H.3
  • 51
    • 25644452031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways
    • Dodge-Kafka KL, Soughayer J, Pare GC, et al. 2005. The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways. Nature, 437:574-8.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 574-578
    • Dodge-Kafka, K.L.1    Soughayer, J.2    Pare, G.C.3
  • 52
    • 0035901502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module
    • Dodge KL, Khouangsathiene S, Kapiloff MS, et al. 2001. mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module. EMBO J, 20:1921-30.
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 1921-1930
    • Dodge, K.L.1    Khouangsathiene, S.2    Kapiloff, M.S.3
  • 53
    • 31744449519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcellular localization and regulation of type-1C and type-5 phosphodiesterases
    • Dolci S, Belmonte A, Santone R, et al. 2006. Subcellular localization and regulation of type-1C and type-5 phosphodiesterases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 341:837-46.
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.341 , pp. 837-846
    • Dolci, S.1    Belmonte, A.2    Santone, R.3
  • 54
    • 33846455467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAR of a series of 5,6-dihydro-(9H)-pyrazolo [3,4-c]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- alpha]pyridines as potent inhibitors of human eosinophil phosphodiesterase
    • Duplantier AJ, Bachert EL, Cheng JB, et al. 2007. SAR of a series of 5,6-dihydro-(9H)-pyrazolo [3,4-c]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- alpha]pyridines as potent inhibitors of human eosinophil phosphodiesterase. J Med Chem, 50:344-9.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 344-349
    • Duplantier, A.J.1    Bachert, E.L.2    Cheng, J.B.3
  • 55
    • 26944476207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation 2005-Seventh World Congress. Highlights I
    • Enefer S. 2005. Inflammation 2005-Seventh World Congress. Highlights I. IDrugs, 8:788-90.
    • (2005) IDrugs , vol.8 , pp. 788-790
    • Enefer, S.1
  • 56
    • 0028145823 scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of human and rat phosphodiesterase type IV isogenes
    • Engels P, Fichtel K, Lubbert H. 1994. Expression and regulation of human and rat phosphodiesterase type IV isogenes. FEBS Lett, 350:291-5.
    • (1994) FEBS Lett , vol.350 , pp. 291-295
    • Engels, P.1    Fichtel, K.2    Lubbert, H.3
  • 57
    • 0028919271 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional expression in yeast of a human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase subtype (PDE IV-C)
    • Engels P, Sullivan M, Muller T, et al. 1995. Molecular cloning and functional expression in yeast of a human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase subtype (PDE IV-C). FEBS Lett, 358:305-10.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.358 , pp. 305-310
    • Engels, P.1    Sullivan, M.2    Muller, T.3
  • 58
    • 33646558294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 1 augments the pulmonary vasodilator response to inhaled nitric oxide in awake lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension
    • Evgenov OV, Busch CJ, Evgenov NV, et al. 2006. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 1 augments the pulmonary vasodilator response to inhaled nitric oxide in awake lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 290:L723-L9.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.290
    • Evgenov, O.V.1    Busch, C.J.2    Evgenov, N.V.3
  • 59
    • 0036136607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and differential tissue distribution of two human cDNAs encoding PDE1 splice variants
    • Fidock M, Miller M, Lanfear J. 2002. Isolation and differential tissue distribution of two human cDNAs encoding PDE1 splice variants. Cell Signal, 14:53-60.
    • (2002) Cell Signal , vol.14 , pp. 53-60
    • Fidock, M.1    Miller, M.2    Lanfear, J.3
  • 60
    • 0018871466 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a novel cGMP binding protein from rat lung
    • Francis SH, Lincoln TM, Corbin JD. 1980. Characterization of a novel cGMP binding protein from rat lung. J Biol Chem, 255:620-6.
    • (1980) J Biol Chem , vol.255 , pp. 620-626
    • Francis, S.H.1    Lincoln, T.M.2    Corbin, J.D.3
  • 63
    • 0028888442 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effects of cilostazol in humans in vivo
    • Fujimura M, Kamio Y, Saito M, et al. 1995. Bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effects of cilostazol in humans in vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151:222-5.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 222-225
    • Fujimura, M.1    Kamio, Y.2    Saito, M.3
  • 64
    • 0033574411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activates cloned BKCa channels expressed in mammalian cells by direct phosphorylation at serine 1072
    • Fukao M, Mason HS, Britton FC, et al. 1999. Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activates cloned BKCa channels expressed in mammalian cells by direct phosphorylation at serine 1072. J Biol Chem, 274:10927-35.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 10927-10935
    • Fukao, M.1    Mason, H.S.2    Britton, F.C.3
  • 65
    • 0345821007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of novel phosphodiesterase4 (PDE4) inhibitor ONO-6126 on TNF-α release was increased after repeated oral administration in healthy Japanese subjects
    • 395s
    • Furuie H, Nakagawa S, Kawashima M, et al. 2003. Suppressive effect of novel phosphodiesterase4 (PDE4) inhibitor ONO-6126 on TNF-α release was increased after repeated oral administration in healthy Japanese subjects. Eur Respir J, 22(Suppl 45):395s.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 45
    • Furuie, H.1    Nakagawa, S.2    Kawashima, M.3
  • 66
    • 18744362427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile following oral administration of the phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitor V11294A in healthy volunteers
    • Gale DD, Landells LJ, Spina D, et al. 2002. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile following oral administration of the phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitor V11294A in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 54:478-84.
    • (2002) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 478-484
    • Gale, D.D.1    Landells, L.J.2    Spina, D.3
  • 67
    • 0142012148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor cilomilast (Ariflo) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Gamble F, Grootendorst DC, Brightling CE, et al. 2003. Antiinflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor cilomilast (Ariflo) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168:976-82.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 976-982
    • Gamble, F.1    Grootendorst, D.C.2    Brightling, C.E.3
  • 68
    • 0034720463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of the human and mouse PDE7B, a novel cAMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
    • Gardner C, Robas N, Cawkill D, et al. 2000. Cloning and characterization of the human and mouse PDE7B, a novel cAMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 272:186-92.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.272 , pp. 186-192
    • Gardner, C.1    Robas, N.2    Cawkill, D.3
  • 69
    • 4644232338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in hemodynamic and oxygenation responses to three different phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized prospective study
    • Ghofrani HA, Voswinckel R, Reichenberger F, et al. 2004. Differences in hemodynamic and oxygenation responses to three different phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized prospective study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 44:1488-96.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 1488-1496
    • Ghofrani, H.A.1    Voswinckel, R.2    Reichenberger, F.3
  • 70
    • 27644589238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase-4. Selective and dual specificity inhibitors for the therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Giembycz MA. 2005. Phosphodiesterase-4. Selective and dual specificity inhibitors for the therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2:326-333.
    • (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.2 , pp. 326-333
    • Giembycz, M.A.1
  • 71
    • 0029833842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases 3,4 and 7 in human CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes: Role in regulating proliferation and the biosynthesis of interleukin-2
    • Giembycz MA, Corrigan CJ, Seybold J, et al. 1996. Identification of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases 3,4 and 7 in human CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes: role in regulating proliferation and the biosynthesis of interleukin-2. Br J Pharmacol, 118:1945-58.
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.118 , pp. 1945-1958
    • Giembycz, M.A.1    Corrigan, C.J.2    Seybold, J.3
  • 72
    • 34547733625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazinones as potent, subtype selective PDE4 inhibitors
    • Giovannoni MP, Cesari N, Graziano A, et al. 2007. Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazinones as potent, subtype selective PDE4 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 22:309-18.
    • (2007) J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem , vol.22 , pp. 309-318
    • Giovannoni, M.P.1    Cesari, N.2    Graziano, A.3
  • 73
    • 0035932950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell activation up-regulates cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 8A1 and 7A3
    • Glavas NA, Ostenson C, Schaefer JB, et al. 2001. T cell activation up-regulates cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 8A1 and 7A3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98:6319-24.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 6319-6324
    • Glavas, N.A.1    Ostenson, C.2    Schaefer, J.B.3
  • 75
    • 0030680913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Role of bronchiolar mast cells and macrophages
    • Grashoff WF, Sont JK, Sterk PJ, et al. 1997. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of bronchiolar mast cells and macrophages. Am J Pathol, 151:1785-90.
    • (1997) Am J Pathol , vol.151 , pp. 1785-1790
    • Grashoff, W.F.1    Sont, J.K.2    Sterk, P.J.3
  • 76
    • 0032469469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SB 207499 (Ariflo), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-4 production in vivo
    • Griswold DE, Webb EF, Badger AM, et al. 1998. SB 207499 (Ariflo), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-4 production in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 287:705-11.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.287 , pp. 705-711
    • Griswold, D.E.1    Webb, E.F.2    Badger, A.M.3
  • 77
    • 0142230947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor BAY 19-8004 on lung function and airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Grootendorst DC, Gauw SA, Benschop N, et al. 2003. Efficacy of the novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor BAY 19-8004 on lung function and airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 16:341-7.
    • (2003) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 341-347
    • Grootendorst, D.C.1    Gauw, S.A.2    Benschop, N.3
  • 79
    • 84970945026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cyclic AMP second messenger signaling pathway
    • Degroo, LJ, Jameson JL eds, Philadelphia:WB Saunders
    • Habener JF. 2001. The cyclic AMP second messenger signaling pathway. In: Degroo, LJ, Jameson JL (eds). Endocrinology. Philadelphia:WB Saunders.
    • (2001) Endocrinology
    • Habener, J.F.1
  • 80
    • 79952079069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic Effects of COPD
    • Halpin DMG. 2007. Systemic Effects of COPD. Expert Rev Resp Med, 1:75-84.
    • (2007) Expert Rev Resp Med , vol.1 , pp. 75-84
    • Halpin, D.M.G.1
  • 81
    • 28244461264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoforms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3 and their contribution to cAMP hydrolytic activity in subcellular fractions of human myocardium
    • Hambleton R, Krall J, Tikishvili E, et al. 2005. Isoforms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3 and their contribution to cAMP hydrolytic activity in subcellular fractions of human myocardium. J Biol Chem, 280:39168-74.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 39168-39174
    • Hambleton, R.1    Krall, J.2    Tikishvili, E.3
  • 82
    • 0032033709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assignment of the mouse Pde7A gene to the proximal region of chromosome 3 and of the human PDE7A gene to chromosome 8q13
    • Han P, Fletcher CF, Copeland NG, et al. 1998. Assignment of the mouse Pde7A gene to the proximal region of chromosome 3 and of the human PDE7A gene to chromosome 8q13. Genomics, 48:275-6.
    • (1998) Genomics , vol.48 , pp. 275-276
    • Han, P.1    Fletcher, C.F.2    Copeland, N.G.3
  • 83
    • 33744959735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDE7A1, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase by a direct interaction with C
    • Han P, Sonati P, Rubin C, et al. 2006. PDE7A1, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase by a direct interaction with C. J Biol Chem, 281:15050-7.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 15050-15057
    • Han, P.1    Sonati, P.2    Rubin, C.3
  • 84
    • 0030971045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative splicing of the high affinity cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE7A) mRNA in human skeletal muscle and heart
    • Han P, Zhu X, Michaeli T. 1997/Alternative splicing of the high affinity cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE7A) mRNA in human skeletal muscle and heart. J Biol Chem, 272:16152-7.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 16152-16157
    • Han, P.1    Zhu, X.2    Michaeli, T.3
  • 85
    • 0035084103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the novel PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in vitro
    • Hatzelmann A, Schudt C. 2001. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the novel PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 297:267-79.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 267-279
    • Hatzelmann, A.1    Schudt, C.2
  • 86
    • 0028229930 scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase-IV inhibition, respiratory muscle relaxation and bronchodilation by WAY-PDA-641
    • Heaslip RJ, Lombardo LJ, Golankiewicz JM, et al. 1994. Phosphodiesterase-IV inhibition, respiratory muscle relaxation and bronchodilation by WAY-PDA-641. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268:888-96.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.268 , pp. 888-896
    • Heaslip, R.J.1    Lombardo, L.J.2    Golankiewicz, J.M.3
  • 87
    • 0034602737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of PDE7B, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase
    • Hetman JM, Soderling SH, Glavas NA, et al. 2000. Cloning and characterization of PDE7B, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97:472-6.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 472-476
    • Hetman, J.M.1    Soderling, S.H.2    Glavas, N.A.3
  • 88
    • 2942720573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. 2004. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 350:2645-53.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2645-2653
    • Hogg, J.C.1    Chu, F.2    Utokaparch, S.3
  • 89
    • 0021861426 scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of the neurotropic selective cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram in depressed patients: Global evaluation of the preliminary reports
    • Horowski R, Sastre-Y-Hernandez M. 1985. Clinical effects of the neurotropic selective cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram in depressed patients: global evaluation of the preliminary reports. Curr Ther Res, 38:23-9.
    • (1985) Curr Ther Res , vol.38 , pp. 23-29
    • Horowski, R.1    Sastre-Y-Hernandez, M.2
  • 90
    • 0029005315 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected]
    • Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD. 1995. Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected]. Biochem J, 308:683-91.
    • (1995) Biochem J , vol.308 , pp. 683-691
    • Horton, Y.M.1    Sullivan, M.2    Houslay, M.D.3
  • 91
    • 27344449614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keynote review: Phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target
    • Houslay MD, Schafer P, Zhang KY. 2005. Keynote review: phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today, 10:1503-19.
    • (2005) Drug Discov Today , vol.10 , pp. 1503-1519
    • Houslay, M.D.1    Schafer, P.2    Zhang, K.Y.3
  • 92
    • 33646020377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4 by ibudilast
    • Huang Z, Liu S, Zhang L, et al. 2006. Preferential inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4 by ibudilast. Life Sci, 78:2663-8.
    • (2006) Life Sci , vol.78 , pp. 2663-2668
    • Huang, Z.1    Liu, S.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 93
    • 0035219462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocytes, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • discussion 161-8
    • Jeffery PK. 2001a. Lymphocytes, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novartis Found Symp, 234:149-61; discussion 161-8.
    • (2001) Novartis Found Symp , vol.234 , pp. 149-161
    • Jeffery, P.K.1
  • 94
    • 0035891664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Jeffery PK. 2001b. Remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164:S28-38.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164
    • Jeffery, P.K.1
  • 95
    • 21144437565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase: Overview of protein structures, potential therapeutic applications and recent progress in drug development
    • Jeon YH, Heo YS, Kim CM, et al. 2005. Phosphodiesterase: overview of protein structures, potential therapeutic applications and recent progress in drug development. Cell Mol Life Sci, 62:1198-220.
    • (2005) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.62 , pp. 1198-1220
    • Jeon, Y.H.1    Heo, Y.S.2    Kim, C.M.3
  • 96
    • 0029745055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells
    • Jiang X, Li J, Paskind M, Epstein PM. 1996. Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93:11236-41.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 11236-11241
    • Jiang, X.1    Li, J.2    Paskind, M.3    Epstein, P.M.4
  • 97
    • 0037188511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE4B is essential for LPS-activated TNF-alpha responses
    • Jin SL, Conti M. 2002. Induction of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE4B is essential for LPS-activated TNF-alpha responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99:7628-33.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 7628-7633
    • Jin, S.L.1    Conti, M.2
  • 98
    • 0014938577 scopus 로고
    • Calcium dependent phosphodiesterase activity and its activating factor (PAF) from brain studies on cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3)
    • Kakiuchi S, Yamazaki R. 1970. Calcium dependent phosphodiesterase activity and its activating factor (PAF) from brain studies on cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3). Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 41:1104-10.
    • (1970) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.41 , pp. 1104-1110
    • Kakiuchi, S.1    Yamazaki, R.2
  • 99
    • 0030592529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes by deprenyl
    • Kakkar R, Raju RV, Rajput AH, et al. 1996. Inhibition of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes by deprenyl. Life Sci, 59:337-41.
    • (1996) Life Sci , vol.59 , pp. 337-341
    • Kakkar, R.1    Raju, R.V.2    Rajput, A.H.3
  • 100
    • 0031055678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amantadine: An antiparkinsonian agent inhibits bovine brain 60 kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme
    • Kakkar R, Raju RV, Rajput AH, et al. 1997. Amantadine: an antiparkinsonian agent inhibits bovine brain 60 kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme. Brain Res, 749:290-4.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.749 , pp. 290-294
    • Kakkar, R.1    Raju, R.V.2    Rajput, A.H.3
  • 101
    • 0032777242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1)
    • Kakkar R, Raju RV, Sharma RK. 1999. Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1). Cell Mol Life Sci, 55:1164-86.
    • (1999) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.55 , pp. 1164-1186
    • Kakkar, R.1    Raju, R.V.2    Sharma, R.K.3
  • 102
    • 0023938335 scopus 로고
    • The adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway and regulation of the immune response
    • Kammer GM. 1988. The adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway and regulation of the immune response. Immunol Today, 9:222-9.
    • (1988) Immunol Today , vol.9 , pp. 222-229
    • Kammer, G.M.1
  • 103
    • 0035882756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory roles of adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 1 and 4 in interleukin-13 production by activated human T cells
    • Kanda N, Watanabe S. 2001. Regulatory roles of adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 1 and 4 in interleukin-13 production by activated human T cells. Biochem Pharmacol, 62:495-507.
    • (2001) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.62 , pp. 495-507
    • Kanda, N.1    Watanabe, S.2
  • 104
    • 0034708142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac type cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) gene structure: Similarity and difference to adipocyte type PDE3B gene
    • Kasuya J, Liang SJ, Goko H, et al. 2000. Cardiac type cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) gene structure: similarity and difference to adipocyte type PDE3B gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 268:827-34.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.268 , pp. 827-834
    • Kasuya, J.1    Liang, S.J.2    Goko, H.3
  • 105
    • 0028804436 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide regulates the calcium current in isolated human atrial myocytes
    • Kirstein M, Rivet-Bastide M, Hatem S, et al. 1995. Nitric oxide regulates the calcium current in isolated human atrial myocytes. J Clin Invest, 95:794-802.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 794-802
    • Kirstein, M.1    Rivet-Bastide, M.2    Hatem, S.3
  • 106
    • 0032766006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-induced phosphorylation and activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3B by the serine-threonine kinase Akt
    • Kitamura T, Kitamura Y, Kuroda S, et al. 1999. Insulin-induced phosphorylation and activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3B by the serine-threonine kinase Akt. Mol Cell Biol, 19:6286-96.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 6286-6296
    • Kitamura, T.1    Kitamura, Y.2    Kuroda, S.3
  • 107
    • 0032500511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel alternative splice variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase
    • Kotera J, Fujishige K, Akatsuka H, et al. 1998. Novel alternative splice variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem, 273:26982-90.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 26982-26990
    • Kotera, J.1    Fujishige, K.2    Akatsuka, H.3
  • 108
    • 0030964062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant expression of a type IV, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase: Characterization and structure-function studies of deletion mutants
    • Kovala T, Sanwal BD, Ball EH. 1997. Recombinant expression of a type IV, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase: characterization and structure-function studies of deletion mutants. Biochemistry, 36:2968-76.
    • (1997) Biochemistry , vol.36 , pp. 2968-2976
    • Kovala, T.1    Sanwal, B.D.2    Ball, E.H.3
  • 109
    • 0035196047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathways of cyclic nucleotide-induced inhibition of arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • Koyama H, Bornfeldt KE, Fukumoto S, et al. 2001. Molecular pathways of cyclic nucleotide-induced inhibition of arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol, 186:1-10.
    • (2001) J Cell Physiol , vol.186 , pp. 1-10
    • Koyama, H.1    Bornfeldt, K.E.2    Fukumoto, S.3
  • 110
    • 0037953118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the PDE-4 inhibitor (cipamfylline) in two human models of irritant contact dermatitis
    • Kucharekova M, Hornix M, Ashikaga T, et al. 2003. The effect of the PDE-4 inhibitor (cipamfylline) in two human models of irritant contact dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res, 295:29-32.
    • (2003) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.295 , pp. 29-32
    • Kucharekova, M.1    Hornix, M.2    Ashikaga, T.3
  • 111
    • 0023017930 scopus 로고
    • Antibody binding to CD5 (Tp67) and Tp44 T cell surface molecules: Effects on cyclic nucleotides, cytoplasmic free calcium, and cAMP-mediated suppression
    • Ledbetter JA, Parsons M, Martin PJ, et al. 1986. Antibody binding to CD5 (Tp67) and Tp44 T cell surface molecules: effects on cyclic nucleotides, cytoplasmic free calcium, and cAMP-mediated suppression. J Immunol, 137:3299-305.
    • (1986) J Immunol , vol.137 , pp. 3299-3305
    • Ledbetter, J.A.1    Parsons, M.2    Martin, P.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035903306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-13 induces tissue fibrosis by selectively stimulating and activating transforming growth factor beta(1)
    • Lee CG, Homer RJ, Zhu Z, et al. 2001. Interleukin-13 induces tissue fibrosis by selectively stimulating and activating transforming growth factor beta(1). J Exp Med, 194:809-21.
    • (2001) J Exp Med , vol.194 , pp. 809-821
    • Lee, C.G.1    Homer, R.J.2    Zhu, Z.3
  • 113
    • 0023197290 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in pulmonary hypertension and in airway resistances by enoximone (MDL 17,043) in decompensated COPD
    • Leeman M, Lejeune P, Melot C, et al. 1987. Reduction in pulmonary hypertension and in airway resistances by enoximone (MDL 17,043) in decompensated COPD. Chest, 91:662-6.
    • (1987) Chest , vol.91 , pp. 662-666
    • Leeman, M.1    Lejeune, P.2    Melot, C.3
  • 114
    • 0029820823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (HSPDE4B2B) by mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Lenhard JM, Kassel DB, Rocque WJ, et al. 1996. Phosphorylation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (HSPDE4B2B) by mitogen-activated protein kinase. Biochem J, 316:751-8.
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.316 , pp. 751-758
    • Lenhard, J.M.1    Kassel, D.B.2    Rocque, W.J.3
  • 115
    • 0027023533 scopus 로고
    • Dual regulation by cAMP of beta-hexosaminidase-induced mitogenesis in bovine tracheal myocytes
    • Lew DB, Nebigil C, Malik KU. 1992. Dual regulation by cAMP of beta-hexosaminidase-induced mitogenesis in bovine tracheal myocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 7:614-9.
    • (1992) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.7 , pp. 614-619
    • Lew, D.B.1    Nebigil, C.2    Malik, K.U.3
  • 116
    • 0033524977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD3- and CD28-dependent induction of PDE7 required for T cell activation
    • Li L, Yee C, Beavo JA. 1999. CD3- and CD28-dependent induction of PDE7 required for T cell activation. Science, 283:848-51.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 848-851
    • Li, L.1    Yee, C.2    Beavo, J.A.3
  • 117
    • 0034673250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of three isoforms of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in human penile cavernosum
    • Lin CS, Lau A, Tu R, et al. 2000. Expression of three isoforms of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in human penile cavernosum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 268:628-35.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.268 , pp. 628-635
    • Lin, C.S.1    Lau, A.2    Tu, R.3
  • 118
    • 0017115515 scopus 로고
    • Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate binding proteins in rat tissues
    • Lincoln TM, Hall CL, Park CR, et al. 1976. Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate binding proteins in rat tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 73:2559-63.
    • (1976) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.73 , pp. 2559-2563
    • Lincoln, T.M.1    Hall, C.L.2    Park, C.R.3
  • 119
    • 11844267183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Lipworth BJ. 2005. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet, 365:167-75.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 167-175
    • Lipworth, B.J.1
  • 120
    • 0037405662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The specific type-4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor mesopram alleviates experimental colitis in mice
    • Loher F, Schmall K, Freytag P, et al. 2003. The specific type-4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor mesopram alleviates experimental colitis in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 305:549-56.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.305 , pp. 549-556
    • Loher, F.1    Schmall, K.2    Freytag, P.3
  • 121
    • 2542487257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of SCH 351591, a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in Cynomolgus monkeys
    • Losco PE, Evans EW, Barat SA, et al. 2004. The toxicity of SCH 351591, a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in Cynomolgus monkeys. Toxicol Pathol, 32:295-308.
    • (2004) Toxicol Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 295-308
    • Losco, P.E.1    Evans, E.W.2    Barat, S.A.3
  • 122
    • 0032541484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
    • Loughney K, Hill TR, Florio VA, et al. 1998. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Gene, 216:139-47.
    • (1998) Gene , vol.216 , pp. 139-147
    • Loughney, K.1    Hill, T.R.2    Florio, V.A.3
  • 123
    • 35348906041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, HT-0712, enhances rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery and cortical reorganization after focal cortical ischemia
    • Macdonald E, Van Der Lee H, Pocock D, et al. 2007. A novel phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, HT-0712, enhances rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery and cortical reorganization after focal cortical ischemia. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 21:486-96.
    • (2007) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.21 , pp. 486-496
    • Macdonald, E.1    Van Der Lee, H.2    Pocock, D.3
  • 124
    • 0034595707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase binding, phosphorylation, and regulation of the PDE4D cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases. The involvement of COOH-terminal docking sites and NH2-terminal UCR regions
    • Mackenzie SJ, Baillie GS, McPhee I, et al. 2000. ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase binding, phosphorylation, and regulation of the PDE4D cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases. The involvement of COOH-terminal docking sites and NH2-terminal UCR regions. J Biol Chem, 275:16609-17.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 16609-16617
    • Mackenzie, S.J.1    Baillie, G.S.2    McPhee, I.3
  • 125
    • 0036016114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long PDE4 cAMP specific phosphodiesterases are activated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of a single serine residue in Upstream Conserved Region 1 (UCR1)
    • Mackenzie SJ, Baillie GS, McPhee I, et al. 2002. Long PDE4 cAMP specific phosphodiesterases are activated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of a single serine residue in Upstream Conserved Region 1 (UCR1). Br J Pharmacol, 136:421-33.
    • (2002) Br J Pharmacol , vol.136 , pp. 421-433
    • Mackenzie, S.J.1    Baillie, G.S.2    McPhee, I.3
  • 126
    • 3242788127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic interactions between 14-3-3 proteins and phosphoproteins regulate diverse cellular processes
    • Mackintosh C. 2004. Dynamic interactions between 14-3-3 proteins and phosphoproteins regulate diverse cellular processes. Biochem J, 381:329-42.
    • (2004) Biochem J , vol.381 , pp. 329-342
    • Mackintosh, C.1
  • 127
    • 0032747518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of human inflammatory cell function by subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors correlates with inhibition of PDE4A and PDE4B
    • Manning CD, Burman M, Christensen SB, et al. 1999. Suppression of human inflammatory cell function by subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors correlates with inhibition of PDE4A and PDE4B. Br J Pharmacol, 128:1393-8.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.128 , pp. 1393-1398
    • Manning, C.D.1    Burman, M.2    Christensen, S.B.3
  • 128
    • 0029560733 scopus 로고
    • An essential aspartic acid at each of two allosteric cGMP-binding sites of a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase
    • McAllister-Lucas LM, Haik TL, Colbran JL, et al. 1995. An essential aspartic acid at each of two allosteric cGMP-binding sites of a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem, 270:30671-9.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 30671-30679
    • McAllister-Lucas, L.M.1    Haik, T.L.2    Colbran, J.L.3
  • 129
    • 0027486271 scopus 로고
    • The structure of a bovine lung cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase deduced from a cDNA clone
    • McAllister-Lucas LM, Sonnenburg WK, Kadlecek A, et al. 1993. The structure of a bovine lung cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase deduced from a cDNA clone. J Biol Chem, 268:22863-73.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 22863-22873
    • McAllister-Lucas, L.M.1    Sonnenburg, W.K.2    Kadlecek, A.3
  • 130
    • 33746381639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKAP signaling complexes: Getting to the heart of the matter
    • McConnachie G, Langeberg LK, Scott JD. 2006. AKAP signaling complexes: getting to the heart of the matter. Trends Mol Med, 12:317-23.
    • (2006) Trends Mol Med , vol.12 , pp. 317-323
    • McConnachie, G.1    Langeberg, L.K.2    Scott, J.D.3
  • 131
    • 0027339578 scopus 로고
    • A low-Km, rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase from human brain. Cloning and expression of cDNA, biochemical characterization of recombinant protein, and tissue distribution of mRNA
    • McLaughlin MM, Cieslinski LB, Burman M, et al. 1993. A low-Km, rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase from human brain. Cloning and expression of cDNA, biochemical characterization of recombinant protein, and tissue distribution of mRNA. J Biol Chem, 268:6470-6.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 6470-6476
    • McLaughlin, M.M.1    Cieslinski, L.B.2    Burman, M.3
  • 132
    • 0027164208 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a previously undetected human cAMP phosphodiesterase by complementation of cAMP phosphodiesterase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Michaeli T, Bloom TJ, Martins T, et al. 1993. Isolation and characterization of a previously undetected human cAMP phosphodiesterase by complementation of cAMP phosphodiesterase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem, 268, 12925-32.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 12925-12932
    • Michaeli, T.1    Bloom, T.J.2    Martins, T.3
  • 133
    • 0035951640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+/ calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1A: Novel splice variants, their specific expression, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization
    • 2+/ calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1A: novel splice variants, their specific expression, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1517:278-87.
    • (2001) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1517 , pp. 278-287
    • Michibata, H.1    Yanaka, N.2    Kanoh, Y.3
  • 134
    • 0030587445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the cDNA and gene encoding human PDE3B, the cGIP1 isoform of the human cyclic GMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family
    • Miki T, Taira M, Hockman S, et al. 1996. Characterization of the cDNA and gene encoding human PDE3B, the cGIP1 isoform of the human cyclic GMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. Genomics, 36:476-85.
    • (1996) Genomics , vol.36 , pp. 476-485
    • Miki, T.1    Taira, M.2    Hockman, S.3
  • 135
    • 0028239635 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome localizations of genes for five cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases in man and mouse
    • Milatovich A, Bolger G, Michaeli T, et al. 1994. Chromosome localizations of genes for five cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases in man and mouse. Somat Cell Mol Genet, 2075-86.
    • (1994) Somat Cell Mol Genet , pp. 2075-2086
    • Milatovich, A.1    Bolger, G.2    Michaeli, T.3
  • 136
    • 3142723295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based analysis of cAMP dynamics in live neonatal rat cardiac myocytes reveals distinct functions of compartmentalized phosphodiesterases
    • Mongillo M, McSorley T, Evellin S, et al. 2004. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based analysis of cAMP dynamics in live neonatal rat cardiac myocytes reveals distinct functions of compartmentalized phosphodiesterases. Circ Res, 95:67-75.
    • (2004) Circ Res , vol.95 , pp. 67-75
    • Mongillo, M.1    McSorley, T.2    Evellin, S.3
  • 137
    • 0029075874 scopus 로고
    • The role of cAMP regulation in controlling inflammation
    • Moore AR, Willoughby DA. 1995. The role of cAMP regulation in controlling inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol, 101:387-9.
    • (1995) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 387-389
    • Moore, A.R.1    Willoughby, D.A.2
  • 138
    • 0001074646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of the type 4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: Structure, regulation and selective inhibition
    • Muller T, Engels P, Fozard JR. 1996. Subtypes of the type 4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: structure, regulation and selective inhibition. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 17:294-8.
    • (1996) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.17 , pp. 294-298
    • Muller, T.1    Engels, P.2    Fozard, J.R.3
  • 139
    • 0035889091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 paralleled by phosphorylation of the enzyme
    • Mullershausen F, Russwurm M, Thompson WJ, Liu, et al. 2001. Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 paralleled by phosphorylation of the enzyme. J Cell Biol, 155:271-8.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol , vol.155 , pp. 271-278
    • Mullershausen, F.1    Russwurm, M.2    Thompson, W.J.3    Liu4
  • 140
    • 0035890469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of phosphodiesterase 5 and inhibition of guanylate cyclase by cGMP-dependent protein kinase in smooth muscle
    • Murthy KS. 2001. Activation of phosphodiesterase 5 and inhibition of guanylate cyclase by cGMP-dependent protein kinase in smooth muscle. Biochem J, 360:199-208.
    • (2001) Biochem J , vol.360 , pp. 199-208
    • Murthy, K.S.1
  • 141
    • 0032845131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator effect of inhaled olprinone, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, in asthmatic patients
    • Myou S, Fujimura M, Kamio Y, et al. 1999. Bronchodilator effect of inhaled olprinone, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, in asthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160:817-20.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 817-820
    • Myou, S.1    Fujimura, M.2    Kamio, Y.3
  • 142
    • 1542405163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National clinical guideline for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence Nice
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Nice). 2004. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National clinical guideline for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. Thorax, 59(Suppl 1):1-232.
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 1-232
  • 143
    • 0342313502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase variants from the PDE4D gene expressed in human peripheral mononuclear cells
    • Nemoz, G., Zhang, R., Sette, C. and Conti, M. (1996) Identification of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase variants from the PDE4D gene expressed in human peripheral mononuclear cells. FEBS Lett, 384, 97-102.
    • (1996) FEBS Lett , vol.384 , pp. 97-102
    • Nemoz, G.1    Zhang, R.2    Sette, C.3    Conti, M.4
  • 144
    • 0031560947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scintigraphic study to evaluate the deposition patterns of a novel anti-asthma drug inhaled from the Cyclohaler dry powder inhaler
    • Newman, S. P., Rivero, X., Luria, X., Hooper, G. and Pitcairn, G. R. (1997) A scintigraphic study to evaluate the deposition patterns of a novel anti-asthma drug inhaled from the Cyclohaler dry powder inhaler. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 26, 59-67.
    • (1997) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.26 , pp. 59-67
    • Newman, S.P.1    Rivero, X.2    Luria, X.3    Hooper, G.4    Pitcairn, G.R.5
  • 145
    • 0025225659 scopus 로고
    • Effects of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst
    • Nielson CP, Vestal RE, Sturm RJ. 1990. Effects of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 86:801-8.
    • (1990) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.86 , pp. 801-808
    • Nielson, C.P.1    Vestal, R.E.2    Sturm, R.J.3
  • 146
    • 0025868278 scopus 로고
    • Sequence comparison of the 63-, 61-, and 59-kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • Novack JP, Charbonneau H, Bentley JK, et al. 1991. Sequence comparison of the 63-, 61-, and 59-kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Biochemistry, 30:7940-7.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 7940-7947
    • Novack, J.P.1    Charbonneau, H.2    Bentley, J.K.3
  • 147
    • 0029812555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SH3 domain of Src tyrosyl protein kinase interacts with the N-terminal splice region of the PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RPDE-6 (RNPDE4A5)
    • O'connell JC, Mccallum JF, McPhee I, et al. 1996. The SH3 domain of Src tyrosyl protein kinase interacts with the N-terminal splice region of the PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RPDE-6 (RNPDE4A5). Biochem J, 318: 255-61.
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.318 , pp. 255-261
    • O'connell, J.C.1    Mccallum, J.F.2    McPhee, I.3
  • 148
    • 0030900606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in bronchial biopsies of subjects with chronic bronchitis: Inverse relationship of CD8+ T lymphocytes with FEV1
    • O'Shaughnessy TC, Ansari TW, Barnes NC. 1997. Inflammation in bronchial biopsies of subjects with chronic bronchitis: inverse relationship of CD8+ T lymphocytes with FEV1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155:852-7.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 852-857
    • O'Shaughnessy, T.C.1    Ansari, T.W.2    Barnes, N.C.3
  • 149
    • 0037199457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allosteric activation of cGMP-specific, cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase (PDE5) by cGMP
    • Okada D, Asakawa S. 2002. Allosteric activation of cGMP-specific, cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase (PDE5) by cGMP. Biochemistry, 41:9672-9.
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 9672-9679
    • Okada, D.1    Asakawa, S.2
  • 150
    • 10644249246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, CI-1044, inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in whole blood from COPD patients
    • Ouagued M, Martin-Chouly CA, Brinchault G, et al. 2005. The novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, CI-1044, inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in whole blood from COPD patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 18:49-54.
    • (2005) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 49-54
    • Ouagued, M.1    Martin-Chouly, C.A.2    Brinchault, G.3
  • 152
    • 0036569896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoforms in the media layer of the main pulmonary artery
    • Pauvert O, Salvail D, Rousseau E, et al. 2002. Characterisation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoforms in the media layer of the main pulmonary artery. Biochem Pharmacol, 63:1763-72.
    • (2002) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 1763-1772
    • Pauvert, O.1    Salvail, D.2    Rousseau, E.3
  • 153
    • 0026572120 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary identification and role of phosphodiesterase isozymes in human basophils
    • Peachell PT, Undem BJ, Schleimer RP, et al. 1992. Preliminary identification and role of phosphodiesterase isozymes in human basophils. J Immunol, 148:2503-10.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 2503-2510
    • Peachell, P.T.1    Undem, B.J.2    Schleimer, R.P.3
  • 154
    • 0031016064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular localization of the PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase splice variant RD1 (RNPDE4A1A) in stably transfected human thyroid carcinoma FTC cell lines
    • Pooley L, Shakur Y, Rena G, et al. 1997. Intracellular localization of the PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase splice variant RD1 (RNPDE4A1A) in stably transfected human thyroid carcinoma FTC cell lines. Biochem J, 321:177-85.
    • (1997) Biochem J , vol.321 , pp. 177-185
    • Pooley, L.1    Shakur, Y.2    Rena, G.3
  • 155
    • 28044468841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 3A binds to 14-3-3 proteins in response to PMA-induced phosphorylation of Ser428
    • Pozuelo Rubio M, Campbell DG, Morrice NA, et al. 2005. Phosphodiesterase 3A binds to 14-3-3 proteins in response to PMA-induced phosphorylation of Ser428. Biochem J, 392:163-72.
    • (2005) Biochem J , vol.392 , pp. 163-172
    • Pozuelo Rubio, M.1    Campbell, D.G.2    Morrice, N.A.3
  • 156
    • 2342651419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3-affinity purification of over 200 human phosphoproteins reveals new links to regulation of cellular metabolism, proliferation and trafficking
    • Pozuelo Rubio M, Geraghty KM, Wong BH, et al. 2004. 14-3-3-affinity purification of over 200 human phosphoproteins reveals new links to regulation of cellular metabolism, proliferation and trafficking. Biochem J, 379:395-408.
    • (2004) Biochem J , vol.379 , pp. 395-408
    • Pozuelo Rubio, M.1    Geraghty, K.M.2    Wong, B.H.3
  • 157
    • 0038353483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cilomilast (Ariflo) on TNF-alpha, IL-8, and GM-CSF release by airway cells of patients with COPD
    • Profita M, Chiappara G, Mirabella F, et al. 2003. Effect of cilomilast (Ariflo) on TNF-alpha, IL-8, and GM-CSF release by airway cells of patients with COPD. Thorax, 58:573-9.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 573-579
    • Profita, M.1    Chiappara, G.2    Mirabella, F.3
  • 158
    • 23744451716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast - an oral anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Rabe KF, Bateman ED, O'Donnell D, et al. 2005. Roflumilast - an oral anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 366:563-71.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 563-571
    • Rabe, K.F.1    Bateman, E.D.2    O'Donnell, D.3
  • 159
    • 0027300647 scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase isozymes modulating inherent tone in human airways: Identification and characterization
    • Rabe KF, Tenor H, Dent G, et al. 1993. Phosphodiesterase isozymes modulating inherent tone in human airways: identification and characterization. Am J Physiol, 264:L458-64.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Rabe, K.F.1    Tenor, H.2    Dent, G.3
  • 160
    • 0028237055 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the phosphorylation site in vitro for cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the rat adipocyte cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase
    • Rascon A, Degerman E, Taira M, et al. 1994. Identification of the phosphorylation site in vitro for cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the rat adipocyte cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem, 269:11962-6.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 11962-11966
    • Rascon, A.1    Degerman, E.2    Taira, M.3
  • 161
    • 0028949423 scopus 로고
    • Distinctive anatomical patterns of gene expression for cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • Reinhardt RR, Chin E, Zhou J, et al. 1995. Distinctive anatomical patterns of gene expression for cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Clin Invest, 95:1528-38.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 1528-1538
    • Reinhardt, R.R.1    Chin, E.2    Zhou, J.3
  • 162
    • 33144469314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilomilast for COPD: Results of a 6-month, placebo-controlled study of a potent, selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4
    • Rennard SI, Schachter N, Strek M, et al. 2006. Cilomilast for COPD: results of a 6-month, placebo-controlled study of a potent, selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4. Chest, 129:56-66.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 56-66
    • Rennard, S.I.1    Schachter, N.2    Strek, M.3
  • 163
    • 3142776354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oligomerization state determines regulatory properties and inhibitor sensitivity of type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases
    • Richter W, Conti M. 2004. The oligomerization state determines regulatory properties and inhibitor sensitivity of type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases. J Biol Chem, 279:30338-48.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 30338-30348
    • Richter, W.1    Conti, M.2
  • 164
    • 38549107922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling from beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors is defined by differential interactions with PDE4
    • Richter W, Day P, Agrawal R, et al. 2008. Signaling from beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors is defined by differential interactions with PDE4. Embo J, 27:384-93.
    • (2008) Embo J , vol.27 , pp. 384-393
    • Richter, W.1    Day, P.2    Agrawal, R.3
  • 165
    • 0036790480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of phosphodiesterase 4D in mice shortens alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated anesthesia, a behavioral correlate of emesis
    • Robichaud A, Stamatiou PB, Jin SL, et al. 2002. Deletion of phosphodiesterase 4D in mice shortens alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated anesthesia, a behavioral correlate of emesis. J Clin Invest, 110:1045-52.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1045-1052
    • Robichaud, A.1    Stamatiou, P.B.2    Jin, S.L.3
  • 166
    • 0025799591 scopus 로고
    • Multiple high-affinity cAMP-phosphodiesterases in human T-lymphocytes
    • Robicsek SA, Blanchard DK, Djeu JY, et al. 1991. Multiple high-affinity cAMP-phosphodiesterases in human T-lymphocytes. Biochem Pharmacol, 42:869-77.
    • (1991) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 869-877
    • Robicsek, S.A.1    Blanchard, D.K.2    Djeu, J.Y.3
  • 167
    • 0034616384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of PDE3B by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase associated with the insulin receptor
    • Rondinone CM, Carvalho E, Rahn T, et al. 2000. Phosphorylation of PDE3B by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase associated with the insulin receptor. J Biol Chem, 275:10093-8.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 10093-10098
    • Rondinone, C.M.1    Carvalho, E.2    Rahn, T.3
  • 168
    • 0030831875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1C) is induced in human arterial smooth muscle cells of the synthetic, proliferative phenotype
    • Rybalkin SD, Bornfeldt KE, Sonnenburg WK, et al. 1997. Calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1C) is induced in human arterial smooth muscle cells of the synthetic, proliferative phenotype. J Clin Invest, 100:2611-21.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 2611-2621
    • Rybalkin, S.D.1    Bornfeldt, K.E.2    Sonnenburg, W.K.3
  • 169
    • 0037040155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C promotes human arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • Rybalkin SD, Rybalkina I, Beavo JA, et al. 2002a. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C promotes human arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circ Res, 90:151-7.
    • (2002) Circ Res , vol.90 , pp. 151-157
    • Rybalkin, S.D.1    Rybalkina, I.2    Beavo, J.A.3
  • 170
    • 0036479319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells
    • Rybalkin SD, Rybalkina IG, Feil R, et al. 2002b. Regulation of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem, 277:3310-7.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 3310-3317
    • Rybalkin, S.D.1    Rybalkina, I.G.2    Feil, R.3
  • 171
    • 0037415730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDE5 is converted to an activated state upon cGMP binding to the GAF A domain
    • Rybalkin SD, Rybalkina IG, Shimizu-Albergine M, et al. 2003. PDE5 is converted to an activated state upon cGMP binding to the GAF A domain. Embo J, 22:469-78.
    • (2003) Embo J , vol.22 , pp. 469-478
    • Rybalkin, S.D.1    Rybalkina, I.G.2    Shimizu-Albergine, M.3
  • 172
    • 0032798485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Saetta M, Baraldo S, Corbino L, et al. 1999. CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160:711-7.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 711-717
    • Saetta, M.1    Baraldo, S.2    Corbino, L.3
  • 173
    • 0028027511 scopus 로고
    • Airway eosinophilia in chronic bronchitis during exacerbations
    • Saetta M, Di Stefano A, Maestrelli P, et al. 1994. Airway eosinophilia in chronic bronchitis during exacerbations Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150:1646-52.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , pp. 1646-1652
    • Saetta, M.1    Di Stefano, A.2    Maestrelli, P.3
  • 174
    • 0034988161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Saetta M, Turato G, Maestrelli P, et al. 2001. Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163:1304-9.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1304-1309
    • Saetta, M.1    Turato, G.2    Maestrelli, P.3
  • 175
    • 0034685655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human PDE7B, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase
    • Sasaki T, Kotera J, Yuasa K, et al. 2000. Identification of human PDE7B, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 271:575-83.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.271 , pp. 575-583
    • Sasaki, T.1    Kotera, J.2    Yuasa, K.3
  • 176
    • 1842530387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study
    • Sastry BK, Narasimhan C, Reddy NK, et al. 2004. Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 43:1149-53.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1149-1153
    • Sastry, B.K.1    Narasimhan, C.2    Reddy, N.K.3
  • 177
    • 0037083640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schillace RV, Andrews SF, Liberty GA, et al. 2002. Identification and characterization of myeloid translocation gene 16b as a novel a kinase anchoring protein in T lymphocytes. J Immunol, 1681590-9.
    • Schillace RV, Andrews SF, Liberty GA, et al. 2002. Identification and characterization of myeloid translocation gene 16b as a novel a kinase anchoring protein in T lymphocytes. J Immunol, 1681590-9.
  • 178
    • 0034624696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of intracellular calcium by a signalling complex of IRAG, IP3 receptor and cGMP kinase Ibeta
    • Schlossmann J, Ammendola A, Ashman K, et al. 2000. Regulation of intracellular calcium by a signalling complex of IRAG, IP3 receptor and cGMP kinase Ibeta. Nature, 404:197-201.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 197-201
    • Schlossmann, J.1    Ammendola, A.2    Ashman, K.3
  • 179
    • 0037233025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases
    • Schlossmann J, Feil R, Hofmann F. 2003. Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Ann Med, 35:21-7.
    • (2003) Ann Med , vol.35 , pp. 21-27
    • Schlossmann, J.1    Feil, R.2    Hofmann, F.3
  • 180
    • 0029165312 scopus 로고
    • PDE isoenzymes as targets for anti-asthma drugs
    • Schudt C, Tenor H, Hatzelmann A. 1995. PDE isoenzymes as targets for anti-asthma drugs. Eur Respir J, 8:1179-83.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1179-1183
    • Schudt, C.1    Tenor, H.2    Hatzelmann, A.3
  • 181
    • 0037741441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase types 5 as a target for the treatment of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Sebkhi A, Strange JW, Phillips SC, et al. 2003. Phosphodiesterase types 5 as a target for the treatment of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation, 107:3230-5.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 3230-3235
    • Sebkhi, A.1    Strange, J.W.2    Phillips, S.C.3
  • 182
    • 0028822281 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha generation from human peripheral blood monocytes by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4: Interaction with stimulants of adenylyl cyclase
    • Seldon PM, Barnes PJ, Meja K, et al. 1995. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha generation from human peripheral blood monocytes by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4: interaction with stimulants of adenylyl cyclase. Mol Pharmacol, 48:747-57.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 747-757
    • Seldon, P.M.1    Barnes, P.J.2    Meja, K.3
  • 183
    • 0030006920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and activation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Involvement of serine 54 in the enzyme activation
    • Sette C, Conti M. 1996. Phosphorylation and activation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Involvement of serine 54 in the enzyme activation. J Biol Chem, 271:16526-34.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 16526-16534
    • Sette, C.1    Conti, M.2
  • 184
    • 0027295333 scopus 로고
    • Engineered deletion of the unique N-terminal domain of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 prevents plasma membrane association and the attainment of enhanced thermostability without altering its sensitivity to inhibition by rolipram
    • Shakur Y, Pryde JG, Houslay MD. 1993. Engineered deletion of the unique N-terminal domain of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 prevents plasma membrane association and the attainment of enhanced thermostability without altering its sensitivity to inhibition by rolipram. Biochem J, 292:677-86.
    • (1993) Biochem J , vol.292 , pp. 677-686
    • Shakur, Y.1    Pryde, J.G.2    Houslay, M.D.3
  • 185
    • 0028897835 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of the type-IVA cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 as a membrane-bound protein expressed in cerebellum
    • Shakur Y, Wilson M, Pooley L, et al. 1995. Identification and characterization of the type-IVA cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 as a membrane-bound protein expressed in cerebellum. Biochem J, 306:801-9.
    • (1995) Biochem J , vol.306 , pp. 801-809
    • Shakur, Y.1    Wilson, M.2    Pooley, L.3
  • 186
    • 0025864634 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and characterization of bovine heart calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase
    • Sharma RK. 1991. Phosphorylation and characterization of bovine heart calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. Biochemistry, 30:5963-8.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 5963-5968
    • Sharma, R.K.1
  • 187
    • 33748149195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1): Review
    • Sharma RK, Das SB, Lakshmikuttyamma A, et al. 2006. Regulation of calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1): review. Int J Mol Med, 18:95-105.
    • (2006) Int J Mol Med , vol.18 , pp. 95-105
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Das, S.B.2    Lakshmikuttyamma, A.3
  • 188
    • 0027164110 scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides are potent and selective inhibitors of some calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase isozymes
    • Sharma RK, Kalra J. 1993. Ginsenosides are potent and selective inhibitors of some calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase isozymes. Biochemistry, 32:4975-8.
    • (1993) Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 4975-4978
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Kalra, J.2
  • 189
    • 0036652934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and regulation of bovine eye calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
    • Sharma RK, Seitz DP, Singh B. 2002. Localization and regulation of bovine eye calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Int J Mol Med, 10:17-23.
    • (2002) Int J Mol Med , vol.10 , pp. 17-23
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Seitz, D.P.2    Singh, B.3
  • 190
    • 0021944009 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase
    • Sharma RK, Wang JH. 1985. Differential regulation of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82:2603-7.
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.82 , pp. 2603-2607
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Wang, J.H.2
  • 191
    • 0022559490 scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin and Ca2+ -dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of 63-kDa subunit-containing bovine brain calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme
    • Sharma RK, Wang JH. 1986. Calmodulin and Ca2+ -dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of 63-kDa subunit-containing bovine brain calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme. J Biol Chem, 261:1322-8.
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 1322-1328
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Wang, J.H.2
  • 192
    • 0030800037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by dihydropyridine calcium antagonists
    • Sharma RK, Wang JH, Wu Z. 1997. Mechanisms of inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. J Neurochem, 69:845-50.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 845-850
    • Sharma, R.K.1    Wang, J.H.2    Wu, Z.3
  • 193
    • 2942552151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodelling of the PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoform profile upon monocyte-macrophage differentiation of human U937 cells
    • Shepherd MC, Baillie GS, Stirling DI, et al. 2004. Remodelling of the PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoform profile upon monocyte-macrophage differentiation of human U937 cells. Br J Pharmacol, 142:339-51.
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol , vol.142 , pp. 339-351
    • Shepherd, M.C.1    Baillie, G.S.2    Stirling, D.I.3
  • 194
    • 0027268039 scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated low Km, cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase in mammalian myocardium
    • Smith CJ, Krall J, Manganiello VC, et al. 1993. Cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated low Km, cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase in mammalian myocardium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 190:516-21.
    • (1993) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.190 , pp. 516-521
    • Smith, C.J.1    Krall, J.2    Manganiello, V.C.3
  • 196
    • 9444228283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of BRL 50481 [3-(N,N-dimethylsulfonamido) -4-methyl-nitrobenzene], a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 7: In vitro studies in human monocytes, lung macrophages, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
    • Smith SJ, Cieslinski LB, Newton R, et al. 2004. Discovery of BRL 50481 [3-(N,N-dimethylsulfonamido) -4-methyl-nitrobenzene], a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 7: in vitro studies in human monocytes, lung macrophages, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Mol Pharmacol, 66:1679-89.
    • (2004) Mol Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 1679-1689
    • Smith, S.J.1    Cieslinski, L.B.2    Newton, R.3
  • 197
    • 0034009080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cAMP and cGMP signaling: New phosphodiesterases and new functions
    • Soderling SH, Beavo JA. 2000. Regulation of cAMP and cGMP signaling: new phosphodiesterases and new functions. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 12:174-9.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 174-179
    • Soderling, S.H.1    Beavo, J.A.2
  • 198
    • 0029590775 scopus 로고
    • Identification of inhibitory and calmodulin-binding domains of the PDE1A1 and PDE1A2 calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • Sonnenburg WK, Seger D, Kwak KS, et al. 1995. Identification of inhibitory and calmodulin-binding domains of the PDE1A1 and PDE1A2 calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Biol Chem, 270:30989-1000.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 30989-31000
    • Sonnenburg, W.K.1    Seger, D.2    Kwak, K.S.3
  • 199
    • 0036264724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of COPD
    • Sturton G, Fitzgerald M. 2002. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of COPD. Chest, 121:192S-6S.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121
    • Sturton, G.1    Fitzgerald, M.2
  • 200
    • 0041321268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules
    • Sung BJ, Hwang KY, Jean YH, et al. 2003. Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules. Nature, 425:98-102.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 98-102
    • Sung, B.J.1    Hwang, K.Y.2    Jean, Y.H.3
  • 201
    • 0033584786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of myosin phosphatase by a specific interaction with cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha
    • Surks HK, Mochizuki N, Kasai Y, et al. 1999. Regulation of myosin phosphatase by a specific interaction with cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha. Science, 286:1583-7.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1583-1587
    • Surks, H.K.1    Mochizuki, N.2    Kasai, Y.3
  • 202
    • 0014952140 scopus 로고
    • On the biological role of cyclic AMP
    • Sutherland EW. 1970. On the biological role of cyclic AMP. JAMA, 214:1281-8.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.214 , pp. 1281-1288
    • Sutherland, E.W.1
  • 203
    • 0028872186 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal localization of the human and rat genes (PDE4D and PDE4B) encoding the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases 3 and 4
    • Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Riviere M, et al. 1995. Chromosomal localization of the human and rat genes (PDE4D and PDE4B) encoding the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases 3 and 4. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 69:11-4.
    • (1995) Cytogenet Cell Genet , vol.69 , pp. 11-14
    • Szpirer, C.1    Szpirer, J.2    Riviere, M.3
  • 204
    • 0029148807 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases from purified human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes
    • Tenor H, Staniciu L, Schudt C, et al. 1995. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases from purified human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Clin Exp Allergy, 25:616-24.
    • (1995) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.25 , pp. 616-624
    • Tenor, H.1    Staniciu, L.2    Schudt, C.3
  • 205
    • 0015821547 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of activation of a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase from bovine heart by calcium ions. Identification of the protein activator as a Ca2+ binding protein
    • Teo TS, Wang JH. 1973. Mechanism of activation of a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase from bovine heart by calcium ions. Identification of the protein activator as a Ca2+ binding protein. J Biol Chem, 248:5950-5.
    • (1973) J Biol Chem , vol.248 , pp. 5950-5955
    • Teo, T.S.1    Wang, J.H.2
  • 206
    • 0025041146 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a purified bovine lung cGMP-binding cGMP phosphodiesterase
    • Thomas MK, Francis SH, Corbin JD. 1990a. Characterization of a purified bovine lung cGMP-binding cGMP phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem, 265, 14964-70.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 14964-14970
    • Thomas, M.K.1    Francis, S.H.2    Corbin, J.D.3
  • 207
    • 0025143899 scopus 로고
    • Substrate- and kinase-directed regulation of phosphorylation of a cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase by cGMP
    • Thomas MK, Francis SH, Corbin JD. 1990b. Substrate- and kinase-directed regulation of phosphorylation of a cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase by cGMP. J Biol Chem, 265, 14971-8.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 14971-14978
    • Thomas, M.K.1    Francis, S.H.2    Corbin, J.D.3
  • 208
    • 0025999955 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: Pharmacology, biochemistry and function
    • Thompson WJ. 1991. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: pharmacology, biochemistry and function. Pharmacol Ther, 51:13-33.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 13-33
    • Thompson, W.J.1
  • 209
    • 0015239529 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat tissues
    • Thompson WJ, Appleman MM. 1971. Characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat tissues. J Biol Chem, 246:3145-50.
    • (1971) J Biol Chem , vol.246 , pp. 3145-3150
    • Thompson, W.J.1    Appleman, M.M.2
  • 210
    • 0037085012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cyclic AMP in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4)
    • Thompson WJ, Ashikaga T, Kelly JJ, et al. 2002. Regulation of cyclic AMP in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4). Biochem Pharmacol, 63:797-807.
    • (2002) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 797-807
    • Thompson, W.J.1    Ashikaga, T.2    Kelly, J.J.3
  • 211
    • 0029003113 scopus 로고
    • Salbutamol inhibits the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells grown in culture: Relationship to elevated cAMP levels
    • Tomlinson PR, Wilson JW, Stewart, et al. 1995. Salbutamol inhibits the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells grown in culture: relationship to elevated cAMP levels. Biochem Pharmacol, 49:1809-19.
    • (1995) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1809-1819
    • Tomlinson, P.R.1    Wilson, J.W.2    Stewart3
  • 212
    • 0031914520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase isozymes: Molecular targets for novel antiasthma agents
    • Torphy TJ. 1998. Phosphodiesterase isozymes: molecular targets for novel antiasthma agents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157:351-70.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 351-370
    • Torphy, T.J.1
  • 213
    • 0033106501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ariflo (SB 207499), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of asthma and COPD: From concept to clinic
    • Torphy TJ, Barnette MS, Underwood DC, et al;. 1999. Ariflo (SB 207499), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of asthma and COPD: from concept to clinic. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 12:131-5.
    • (1999) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.12 , pp. 131-135
    • Torphy, T.J.1    Barnette, M.S.2    Underwood, D.C.3
  • 214
    • 0027442594 scopus 로고
    • Identification, characterization and functional role of phosphodiesterase isozymes in human airway smooth muscle
    • Torphy TJ, Undem BJ, Cieslinski LB, et al. 1993. Identification, characterization and functional role of phosphodiesterase isozymes in human airway smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 265:1213-23.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.265 , pp. 1213-1223
    • Torphy, T.J.1    Undem, B.J.2    Cieslinski, L.B.3
  • 215
    • 1642493925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Viagra), in animal models of airways disease
    • Toward TJ, Smith N, Broadley KJ. 2004. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Viagra), in animal models of airways disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169:227-34.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.169 , pp. 227-234
    • Toward, T.J.1    Smith, N.2    Broadley, K.J.3
  • 216
    • 60249085122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsoumakidou M, Demedts IK, Brussel]e GG, et al. 2008. Dendritic cells in COPD: new players in an old game. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, In press.
    • Tsoumakidou M, Demedts IK, Brussel]e GG, et al. 2008. Dendritic cells in COPD: new players in an old game. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, In press.
  • 217
    • 0033602531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel, potent, and selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as antiasthmatic agents: Synthesis and biological activities of a series of 1-pyridylnaphthalene derivatives
    • Ukita T, Sugahara M, Terakawa Y, et al. 1999. Novel, potent, and selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as antiasthmatic agents: synthesis and biological activities of a series of 1-pyridylnaphthalene derivatives. J Med Chem, 42:1088-99.
    • (1999) J Med Chem , vol.42 , pp. 1088-1099
    • Ukita, T.1    Sugahara, M.2    Terakawa, Y.3
  • 218
    • 0035815666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myomegalin is a novel protein of the golgi/centrosome that interacts with a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
    • Verde I, Pahlke G, Salanova M, et al. 2001. Myomegalin is a novel protein of the golgi/centrosome that interacts with a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem, 276:11189-98.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 11189-11198
    • Verde, I.1    Pahlke, G.2    Salanova, M.3
  • 219
    • 0036899028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 5: Systemic effects of COPD
    • Wouters EF. 2002. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 5: systemic effects of COPD. Thorax, 57:1067-70.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 1067-1070
    • Wouters, E.F.1
  • 220
    • 0030723865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential in vivo and in vitro bronchorelaxant activities of CP-80,633, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor
    • Wright KF, Turner CR, Jayasinghe-Beck R, et al. 1997. Differential in vivo and in vitro bronchorelaxant activities of CP-80,633, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 75:1001-8.
    • (1997) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Wright, K.F.1    Turner, C.R.2    Jayasinghe-Beck, R.3
  • 221
    • 0031938315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANF elicits phosphorylation of the cGMP phosphodiesterase in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Wyatt TA, Naftilan AJ, Francis SH, et al. 1998. ANF elicits phosphorylation of the cGMP phosphodiesterase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol, 274:H448-55.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.274
    • Wyatt, T.A.1    Naftilan, A.J.2    Francis, S.H.3
  • 222
    • 0034625541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomic structure of PDE4: Insights into phosphodiesterase mechanism and specificity
    • Xu RX, Hassell AM, Vanderwall D, et al. 2000. Atomic structure of PDE4: insights into phosphodiesterase mechanism and specificity. Science, 288:1822-5.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1822-1825
    • Xu, R.X.1    Hassell, A.M.2    Vanderwall, D.3
  • 223
    • 0029845929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase gene PDE1C encodes several functionally different splice variants in a tissue-specific manner
    • Yan C, Zhao AZ, Bentley JK, et al. 1996. The calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase gene PDE1C encodes several functionally different splice variants in a tissue-specific manner. J Biol Chem, 271:25699-706.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 25699-25706
    • Yan, C.1    Zhao, A.Z.2    Bentley, J.K.3
  • 224
    • 7344243173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression, structure and chromosomal localization of the human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5A gene
    • Yanaka N, Kotera J, Ohtsuka A, et al. 1998. Expression, structure and chromosomal localization of the human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5A gene. Eur J Biochem, 255:391-9.
    • (1998) Eur J Biochem , vol.255 , pp. 391-399
    • Yanaka, N.1    Kotera, J.2    Ohtsuka, A.3
  • 225
    • 0346996880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 7A-deficient mice have functional T cells
    • Yang G, Mcintyre KW, Townsend RM, et al. 2003. Phosphodiesterase 7A-deficient mice have functional T cells. J Immunol, 171:6414-20.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 6414-6420
    • Yang, G.1    Mcintyre, K.W.2    Townsend, R.M.3
  • 226
    • 4344676386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A glutamine switch mechanism for nucleotide selectivity by phosphodiesterases
    • Zhang KY, Card GL, Suzuki Y, et al. 2004. A glutamine switch mechanism for nucleotide selectivity by phosphodiesterases. Mol Cell, 15:279-86.
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.15 , pp. 279-286
    • Zhang, K.Y.1    Card, G.L.2    Suzuki, Y.3
  • 227
    • 0035942990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sildenafil inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Zhao L, Mason NA, Morrell NW, et al. 2001. Sildenafil inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation, 104:424-8.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 424-428
    • Zhao, L.1    Mason, N.A.2    Morrell, N.W.3
  • 228
    • 0029055761 scopus 로고
    • Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway
    • Zhou G, Bao ZQ, Dixon JE. 1995. Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J Biol Chem, 270:12665-9.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 12665-12669
    • Zhou, G.1    Bao, Z.Q.2    Dixon, J.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.