메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2004, Pages 1-232

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; AMFEBUTAMONE; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; BUDESONIDE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CILOMILAST; CORTICOSTEROID; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; FLUTICASONE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; FORMOTEROL; INFLUENZA VACCINE; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; ISOPRENALINE; NIFEDIPINE; ORCIPRENALINE; OXYGEN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; TERBUTALINE; THEOPHYLLINE; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 1542405163     PISSN: 00406376     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (706)

References (491)
  • 2
    • 0030028293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and treatment of chronic airways obstruction in adults over the age of 45
    • Ref ID: 19450
    • Renwick, D. S. and Connolly, M. J. Prevalence and treatment of chronic airways obstruction in adults over the age of 45. Thorax. 1996; 51(2): 164-168. Ref ID: 19450
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-168
    • Renwick, D.S.1    Connolly, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 0036173436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United Kingdom: Trends in mortality, morbidity and smoking
    • Ref ID: 19417
    • Pride NB, Soriano JB. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United Kingdom: trends in mortality, morbidity and smoking. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2002;8:95-101. Ref ID: 19417
    • (2002) Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine , vol.8 , pp. 95-101
    • Pride, N.B.1    Soriano, J.B.2
  • 5
    • 0004253992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, HMSO. Ref ID: 19418
    • Office for National Statistics. Health Statistics Quarterly. 8. 2000. London, HMSO. Ref ID: 19418
    • (2000) Health Statistics Quarterly , vol.8
  • 6
    • 0033841971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in physician diagnosed COPD in women and men in the UK
    • Ref ID: 105
    • Soriano JB, Maier WC, Egger P, Visick G, Thakrar B, Sykes J et al. Recent trends in physician diagnosed COPD in women and men in the UK. Thorax 2000;55:789-94. Ref ID: 105
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 789-794
    • Soriano, J.B.1    Maier, W.C.2    Egger, P.3    Visick, G.4    Thakrar, B.5    Sykes, J.6
  • 7
    • 0034640865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Ref ID: 19246
    • Mannino DM, Gagnon RC, Petty TL, Lydick E. Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1683-9. Ref ID: 19246
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Mannino, D.M.1    Gagnon, R.C.2    Petty, T.L.3    Lydick, E.4
  • 8
    • 0003530362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DH2 (No 26). London. HMSO. Ref ID: 19419
    • Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics: Cause, 1999. DH2 (No 26). 2000. London. HMSO. Ref ID: 19419
    • (2000) Mortality Statistics: Cause, 1999
  • 13
    • 0037370334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of COPD in the U.K.: Results from the Confronting COPD survey
    • Ref ID: 19251
    • Britton M. The burden of COPD in the U.K.: results from the Confronting COPD survey. Respir Med 2003;97 Suppl C:S71-S79. Ref ID: 19251
    • (2003) Respir Med , vol.97 , Issue.SUPPL. C
    • Britton, M.1
  • 14
    • 0034971462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to develop cost-conscious guidelines
    • Ref ID: 19424
    • Eccles, M. and Mason, J. How to develop cost-conscious guidelines. Health Technology Assessment. Vol. 5. 16: 1-69. 2001. Ref ID: 19424
    • (2001) Health Technology Assessment , vol.5 , Issue.16 , pp. 1-69
    • Eccles, M.1    Mason, J.2
  • 19
    • 70449299442 scopus 로고
    • The Significance of Respiratory Symptoms and the Diagnosis of Chronic Bronchitis in a Working Population
    • Ref ID: 1269
    • Fletcher CM, Elmes PC, Fairbairn MB, Wood CH. The Significance of Respiratory Symptoms and the Diagnosis of Chronic Bronchitis in a Working Population. British Medical Journal 1959;2:257-66. Ref ID: 1269
    • (1959) British Medical Journal , vol.2 , pp. 257-266
    • Fletcher, C.M.1    Elmes, P.C.2    Fairbairn, M.B.3    Wood, C.H.4
  • 20
    • 0027564322 scopus 로고
    • Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society
    • Ref ID: 19247
    • Quanjer PH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, Pederson OF, Peslin R, Yernault JC. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J Suppl 1993;16:5-40. Ref ID: 19247
    • (1993) Eur Respir J Suppl , vol.16 , pp. 5-40
    • Quanjer, P.H.1    Tammeling, G.J.2    Cotes, J.E.3    Pederson, O.F.4    Peslin, R.5    Yernault, J.C.6
  • 21
    • 0033125008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FEV-1 and PEF in COPD management
    • Ref ID: 12121
    • Nolan D, White P, Pearson MG. FEV-1 and PEF in COPD management. Thorax 1999;54:468-9. Ref ID: 12121
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 468-469
    • Nolan, D.1    White, P.2    Pearson, M.G.3
  • 22
    • 0034777617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 8033
    • Jones PW. Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001;56:880-7. Ref ID: 8033
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 880-887
    • Jones, P.W.1
  • 23
    • 0022643073 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 628
    • Anthonisen NR, Wright EC, Hodgkin JE. Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:14-20. Ref ID: 628
    • (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.133 , pp. 14-20
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Wright, E.C.2    Hodgkin, J.E.3
  • 24
    • 0024445542 scopus 로고
    • The course and prognosis of different types of chronic airflow limitation in a general population sample from Arizona: Comparison with the Chicago "COPD" series
    • Ref ID: 2373
    • Burrows B. The course and prognosis of different types of chronic airflow limitation in a general population sample from Arizona: comparison with the Chicago "COPD" series. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:S92-S94. Ref ID: 2373
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.140
    • Burrows, B.1
  • 25
    • 13044268007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 3490
    • COPD Guidelines Group of the Standards of Care Committee of the BTS. BTS guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1997;52:S11-28. Ref ID: 3490
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52
  • 27
    • 0037313809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Guideline on the management of asthma
    • Ref ID: 19459
    • British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network. British Guideline on the management of asthma. Thorax 2003;58:1-94. Ref ID: 19459
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 1-94
  • 28
    • 0041853629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19248
    • Calverley PMA, Burge PS, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Jones PW. Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2003;58:659-64. Ref ID: 19248
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 659-664
    • Calverley, P.M.A.1    Burge, P.S.2    Spencer, S.3    Anderson, J.A.4    Jones, P.W.5
  • 29
    • 0022625717 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 626
    • Anthonisen NR, Wright EC. Bronchodilator response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:814-9. Ref ID: 626
    • (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.133 , pp. 814-819
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Wright, E.C.2
  • 30
    • 0025304709 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of reversibility of airway obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 1212
    • Nisar M, Walshaw M, Earis JE, Pearson MG, Calverley PM. Assessment of reversibility of airway obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax 1990;45:190-4. Ref ID: 1212
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 190-194
    • Nisar, M.1    Walshaw, M.2    Earis, J.E.3    Pearson, M.G.4    Calverley, P.M.5
  • 31
    • 0026793546 scopus 로고
    • Acute bronchodilator trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 12080
    • Nisar M, Earis JE, Pearson MG, Calverley PM. Acute bronchodilator trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:555-9. Ref ID: 12080
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , pp. 555-559
    • Nisar, M.1    Earis, J.E.2    Pearson, M.G.3    Calverley, P.M.4
  • 32
    • 0034847496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 6526
    • Hadcroft J, Calverley PM. Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001;56:713-20. Ref ID: 6526
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 713-720
    • Hadcroft, J.1    Calverley, P.M.2
  • 33
    • 0026780181 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of bronchodilator response in patients with obstructive airways disease
    • The Dutch Chronic Non-Specific Lung Disease (CNSLD) Study Group. Ref ID: 2009
    • Brand PL, Quanjer PH, Postma DS, Kerstjens HA, Koeter GH, Dekhuijzen PN et al. Interpretation of bronchodilator response in patients with obstructive airways disease. The Dutch Chronic Non-Specific Lung Disease (CNSLD) Study Group. Thorax 1992;47:429-36. Ref ID: 2009
    • (1992) Thorax , vol.47 , pp. 429-436
    • Brand, P.L.1    Quanjer, P.H.2    Postma, D.S.3    Kerstjens, H.A.4    Koeter, G.H.5    Dekhuijzen, P.N.6
  • 34
    • 0023190465 scopus 로고
    • Short-term variability in fev1 and bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with obstructive ventilatory defects
    • Ref ID: 1221
    • Tweeddale PM, Alexander F, Mchardy GJR. Short-term variability in fev1 and bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with obstructive ventilatory defects. Thorax 1987;42:487-90. Ref ID: 1221
    • (1987) Thorax , vol.42 , pp. 487-490
    • Tweeddale, P.M.1    Alexander, F.2    Mchardy, G.J.R.3
  • 35
    • 0037320195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in airway inflammation in patients with fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19478
    • Fabbri, L. M., Romagnoli, M., Corbetta, L., Casoni, G., Busljetic, K., and Turato, G. Differences in airway inflammation in patients with fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 167(3), 418-424. 2003. Ref ID: 19478
    • (2003) Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.3 , pp. 418-424
    • Fabbri, L.M.1    Romagnoli, M.2    Corbetta, L.3    Casoni, G.4    Busljetic, K.5    Turato, G.6
  • 37
    • 0042354673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prednisolone response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results from the ISOLDE study
    • Ref ID: 1791
    • Burge PS, Calverley PMA, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA. Prednisolone response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the ISOLDE study. Thorax 2003;58:1-5. Ref ID: 1791
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 1-5
    • Burge, P.S.1    Calverley, P.M.A.2    Jones, P.W.3    Spencer, S.4    Anderson, J.A.5
  • 38
    • 0035035768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary
    • Ref ID: 12738
    • Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256-76. Ref ID: 12738
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1256-1276
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Buist, A.S.2    Calverley, P.M.3    Jenkins, C.R.4    Hurd, S.S.5
  • 39
    • 1542747355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COPD prevalence in asymptomatic smokers - The first 100
    • Ref ID: 5414
    • Freeman D. COPD prevalence in asymptomatic smokers - The first 100. Prim Care Respir J 2000;9:41. Ref ID: 5414
    • (2000) Prim Care Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 41
    • Freeman, D.1
  • 40
    • 0037042646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting patients at a high risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: Cross sectional case finding study
    • Ref ID: 19249
    • van Schayck CP, Loozen JM, Wagena E, Akkermans RP, Wesseling GJ. Detecting patients at a high risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: cross sectional case finding study. BMJ 2002;324:1370-4. Ref ID: 19249
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 1370-1374
    • Van Schayck, C.P.1    Loozen, J.M.2    Wagena, E.3    Akkermans, R.P.4    Wesseling, G.J.5
  • 41
    • 0031933983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: A randomised controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure
    • Ref ID: 1285
    • Humerfelt S, Eide G, Aaro L, Gulsvik A. Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: a randomised controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure. Eur Respir J 1998;11:284-90. Ref ID: 1285
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.11 , pp. 284-290
    • Humerfelt, S.1    Eide, G.2    Aaro, L.3    Gulsvik, A.4
  • 42
    • 0025248307 scopus 로고
    • Adding spirometry, carbon-monoxide, and pulmonary symptom results to smoking cessation counseling - A randomized trial
    • Ref ID: 1241
    • Risser NL, Belcher DW. Adding spirometry, carbon-monoxide, and pulmonary symptom results to smoking cessation counseling - a randomized trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1990;5:16-22. Ref ID: 1241
    • (1990) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.5 , pp. 16-22
    • Risser, N.L.1    Belcher, D.W.2
  • 43
    • 7844250136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute bronchitis and clinical outcome three years later: Prospective cohort study
    • Ref ID: 8066
    • Jonsson JS, Gislason T, Gislason D, Sigurdsson JA. Acute bronchitis and clinical outcome three years later: prospective cohort study. BMJ 1998;317:1433. Ref ID: 8066
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1433
    • Jonsson, J.S.1    Gislason, T.2    Gislason, D.3    Sigurdsson, J.A.4
  • 44
    • 0002776555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of COPD
    • The COPD Guielines Group of the Standards of Care Committee of the BTS. Ref ID: 57
    • BTS. BTS guidelines for the management of COPD. The COPD Guielines Group of the Standards of Care Committee of the BTS. Thorax 52(Suppl 5), S1-28. 1997. Ref ID: 57
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
  • 46
    • 0027962628 scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study
    • Ref ID: 998
    • Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, Altose MD, Bailey WC, Buist AS et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994;272:1497-505. Ref ID: 998
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Connett, J.E.2    Kiley, J.P.3    Altose, M.D.4    Bailey, W.C.5    Buist, A.S.6
  • 48
    • 0029009455 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral anti-smoking trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    • Ref ID: 992
    • Crowley TJ, Macdonald MJ, Walter MI. Behavioral anti-smoking trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Psychopharmacology 1995;119:193-204. Ref ID: 992
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.119 , pp. 193-204
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Macdonald, M.J.2    Walter, M.I.3
  • 49
    • 84907127376 scopus 로고
    • The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial
    • Ref ID: 1010
    • Pederson LL, Wanklin JM, Lefcoe NM. The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of the Addictions 1991;26:107-19. Ref ID: 1010
    • (1991) International Journal of the Addictions , vol.26 , pp. 107-119
    • Pederson, L.L.1    Wanklin, J.M.2    Lefcoe, N.M.3
  • 50
    • 0035912585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial
    • Ref ID: 977
    • Tashkin, D., Kanner, R., Bailey, W. et al. Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1571-5. Ref ID: 977
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1571-1575
    • Tashkin, D.1    Kanner, R.2    Bailey, W.3
  • 52
    • 0033118384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of randomized assignment to a smoking cessation intervention and changes in smoking habits on respiratory symptoms in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The Lung Health Study
    • Ref ID: 979
    • Kanner RE, Connett JE, Williams DE, Buist AS. Effects of randomized assignment to a smoking cessation intervention and changes in smoking habits on respiratory symptoms in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health Study. American Journal of Medicine 1999;106:410-6. Ref ID: 979
    • (1999) American Journal of Medicine , vol.106 , pp. 410-416
    • Kanner, R.E.1    Connett, J.E.2    Williams, D.E.3    Buist, A.S.4
  • 54
    • 0036374396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: A systematic review and economic evaluation
    • Ref ID: 19250
    • Woolacott, N. F., Jones, L., Forbes, C. A., Mather, L. C., Sowden, A. J., Song, F. J., Raftery, J. P., Aveyard, P. N., Hyde, C. J., and Barton, P. M. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment 6(16), 1-245. 2002. Ref ID: 19250
    • (2002) Health Technology Assessment , vol.6 , Issue.16 , pp. 1-245
    • Woolacott, N.F.1    Jones, L.2    Forbes, C.A.3    Mather, L.C.4    Sowden, A.J.5    Song, F.J.6    Raftery, J.P.7    Aveyard, P.N.8    Hyde, C.J.9    Barton, P.M.10
  • 55
    • 0020623605 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response study of inhaled salbutamol powder in chronic air-flow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 170
    • Corris PA, Neville E, Narimans, Gibson GJ. Dose-response study of inhaled salbutamol powder in chronic air-flow obstruction. Thorax 1983;38:292-6. Ref ID: 170
    • (1983) Thorax , vol.38 , pp. 292-296
    • Corris, P.A.1    Neville, E.2    Narimans3    Gibson, G.J.4
  • 56
    • 0025812670 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response to inhaled salbutamol in chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 183
    • Teale C, Morrison JFJ, Page RL, Pearson SB. Dose-response to inhaled salbutamol in chronic obstructive airways disease. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1991;67:754-6. Ref ID: 183
    • (1991) Postgraduate Medical Journal , vol.67 , pp. 754-756
    • Teale, C.1    Morrison, J.F.J.2    Page, R.L.3    Pearson, S.B.4
  • 58
    • 0022624645 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of inhaled metaproterenol and orally-administered theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 317
    • Dullinger D, Kronenberg R, Niewoehner DE. Efficacy of inhaled metaproterenol and orally-administered theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Chest. 1986;89:171-3. Ref ID: 317
    • (1986) Chest , vol.89 , pp. 171-173
    • Dullinger, D.1    Kronenberg, R.2    Niewoehner, D.E.3
  • 60
    • 0023736980 scopus 로고
    • Acute response to bronchodilator. An imperfect guide for bronchodilator therapy in chronic airflow limitation
    • Ref ID: 1760
    • Guyatt GH, Townsend M, Nogradi S, Pugsley SO, Keller JL, Newhouse MT. Acute response to bronchodilator. An imperfect guide for bronchodilator therapy in chronic airflow limitation. Archives of Internal Medicine 1988;148:1949-52. Ref ID: 1760
    • (1988) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.148 , pp. 1949-1952
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Townsend, M.2    Nogradi, S.3    Pugsley, S.O.4    Keller, J.L.5    Newhouse, M.T.6
  • 61
    • 0024438550 scopus 로고
    • Should study subjects see their previous responses: Data from a randomized control trial
    • Ref ID: 521
    • Guyatt GH, Townsend M, Keller IL, Singer J. Should study subjects see their previous responses: data from a randomized control trial. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1989;42:913-20. Ref ID: 521
    • (1989) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.42 , pp. 913-920
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Townsend, M.2    Keller, I.L.3    Singer, J.4
  • 62
    • 0025322198 scopus 로고
    • Domiciliary nebulised terbutaline in severe chronic airways obstruction
    • Ref ID: 19429
    • Hansen NC, May O. Domiciliary nebulised terbutaline in severe chronic airways obstruction. European Respiratory Journal 1990;3:463-4. Ref ID: 19429
    • (1990) European Respiratory Journal , vol.3 , pp. 463-464
    • Hansen, N.C.1    May, O.2
  • 65
    • 0016805964 scopus 로고
    • Response of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease to the regular administraion of nebulised isoproterenol
    • Ref ID: 19431
    • Light RW, Summer WR, Luchsinger PC. Response of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease to the regular administraion of nebulised isoproterenol. Chest 1975;67:634-9. Ref ID: 19431
    • (1975) Chest , vol.67 , pp. 634-639
    • Light, R.W.1    Summer, W.R.2    Luchsinger, P.C.3
  • 66
    • 0020677051 scopus 로고
    • Breathlessness and exercise tolerance in chronic airflow obstruction: 2-Hourly versus 4-hourly salbutamol by inhalation
    • Ref ID: 19432
    • Shah SS, Johnsonton D, Woodcock AA, Johnson M, Geddes DM. Breathlessness and exercise tolerance in chronic airflow obstruction: 2-hourly versus 4-hourly salbutamol by inhalation. Current Medical Research and Opinion 1983;8:345-9. Ref ID: 19432
    • (1983) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.8 , pp. 345-349
    • Shah, S.S.1    Johnsonton, D.2    Woodcock, A.A.3    Johnson, M.4    Geddes, D.M.5
  • 67
    • 0021853376 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of domiciliary treament with terbutaline by wet nebulisation in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
    • Ref ID: 19433
    • Silins RA, Marlin GE. Evaluation of domiciliary treament with terbutaline by wet nebulisation in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1985;15:230-40. Ref ID: 19433
    • (1985) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine , vol.15 , pp. 230-240
    • Silins, R.A.1    Marlin, G.E.2
  • 68
    • 0025803105 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator treatment for partially reversible chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 496
    • Tandon MK, Kailis SG. Bronchodilator treatment for partially reversible chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax 1991;46:248-51. Ref ID: 496
    • (1991) Thorax , vol.46 , pp. 248-251
    • Tandon, M.K.1    Kailis, S.G.2
  • 69
    • 0021803108 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of orally administered theophylline, inhaled salbutamol, and a combination of the two as chronic therapy in the management of chronic bronchitis with reversible air-flow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 657
    • Taylor DR, Buick B, Kinney C. The efficacy of orally administered theophylline, inhaled salbutamol, and a combination of the two as chronic therapy in the management of chronic bronchitis with reversible air-flow obstruction. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1985;131:747-51. Ref ID: 657
    • (1985) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.131 , pp. 747-751
    • Taylor, D.R.1    Buick, B.2    Kinney, C.3
  • 70
    • 0019162994 scopus 로고
    • Domiciliary nebulized salbutamol solution in severe chronic airway obstruction in severe chronic airway obstruction
    • Ref ID: 846
    • Wilson RSE, Connellan SJ. Domiciliary nebulized salbutamol solution in severe chronic airway obstruction in severe chronic airway obstruction. Thorax 1980;35:873-6. Ref ID: 846
    • (1980) Thorax , vol.35 , pp. 873-876
    • Wilson, R.S.E.1    Connellan, S.J.2
  • 72
    • 0024467177 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic bronchomotor tone in COPD. Estimates of its amount in comparison with that in normal subjects
    • Ref ID: 6307
    • Gross NJ, Co E, Skorodin MS. Cholinergic bronchomotor tone in COPD. Estimates of its amount in comparison with that in normal subjects. Chest 1989;96:984-7. Ref ID: 6307
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , pp. 984-987
    • Gross, N.J.1    Co, E.2    Skorodin, M.S.3
  • 73
    • 0028817108 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilating effects of combined therapy with clinical dosages of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol for stable copd - Comparison with ipratropium bromide alone
    • Ref ID: 188
    • Ikeda A, Nishimura K, Koyama H, Izumi T. Bronchodilating effects of combined therapy with clinical dosages of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol for stable copd - comparison with ipratropium bromide alone. Chest 1995;107:401-5. Ref ID: 188
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 401-405
    • Ikeda, A.1    Nishimura, K.2    Koyama, H.3    Izumi, T.4
  • 74
    • 0028814552 scopus 로고
    • Comparative dose-response study of 3 anticholinergic agents and fenoterol using a metered-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease
    • Ref ID: 157
    • Keda A, Nishimura K, Koyama H, Izumi T. Comparative dose-response study of 3 anticholinergic agents and fenoterol using a metered-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease. Thorax 1995;50:62-6. Ref ID: 157
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 62-66
    • Keda, A.1    Nishimura, K.2    Koyama, H.3    Izumi, T.4
  • 75
    • 0025777746 scopus 로고
    • Effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on airway caliber and bronchial reactivity in asthma and chronic-bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 150
    • Higgins BG, Powell RM, Cooper S, Tattersfield AE. Effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on airway caliber and bronchial reactivity in asthma and chronic-bronchitis. European Respiratory Journal 1991;4:415-20. Ref ID: 150
    • (1991) European Respiratory Journal , vol.4 , pp. 415-420
    • Higgins, B.G.1    Powell, R.M.2    Cooper, S.3    Tattersfield, A.E.4
  • 76
    • 0024559602 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effect of ipratropium and albuterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease
    • Ref ID: 545
    • Braun SR, Mckenzie WN, Copeland C, Knight L, Ellerseick M. A comparison of the effect of ipratropium and albuterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 1989;149:544-7. Ref ID: 545
    • (1989) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.149 , pp. 544-547
    • Braun, S.R.1    Mckenzie, W.N.2    Copeland, C.3    Knight, L.4    Ellerseick, M.5
  • 77
    • 0033601787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For COPD a combination of ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate is more effective than albuterol base
    • Ref ID: 826
    • Campbell S. For COPD a combination of ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate is more effective than albuterol base. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1999. 159(2):156-60. Ref ID: 826
    • (1999) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.159 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-160
    • Campbell, S.1
  • 78
    • 0030605291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulized bronchodilators for outpatient management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 326
    • Colice GL. Nebulized bronchodilators for outpatient management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Medicine. 1996;100(1):11-18. Ref ID: 326
    • (1996) American Journal of Medicine , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-18
    • Colice, G.L.1
  • 79
    • 0029936277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended therapy with ipratropium is associated with improved lung function in patients with COPD: A retrospective analysis of data from seven clinical trials
    • Ref ID: 301
    • Rennard SI, Serby CW, Ghafouri M, Johnson PA, Friedman M. Extended therapy with ipratropium is associated with improved lung function in patients with COPD: A retrospective analysis of data from seven clinical trials. Chest 1996;110:62-70. Ref ID: 301
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , pp. 62-70
    • Rennard, S.I.1    Serby, C.W.2    Ghafouri, M.3    Johnson, P.A.4    Friedman, M.5
  • 80
    • 17944367198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipratropium bromide hydrofluoroalkane inhalation aerosol is safe and effective in patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 156
    • Taylor J, Kotch A, Rice K, Ghafouri M, Kurland CL, Fagan NA et al. Ipratropium bromide hydrofluoroalkane inhalation aerosol is safe and effective in patients with COPD. Chest 2001;120:1253-61. Ref ID: 156
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 1253-1261
    • Taylor, J.1    Kotch, A.2    Rice, K.3    Ghafouri, M.4    Kurland, C.L.5    Fagan, N.A.6
  • 85
    • 0030937798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • erratum appears in Eur Respir J 1997 Jul;10(7):1696.. Ref ID: 252
    • Boyd G, Morice AH, Pounsford JC, Siebert M, Peslis N, Crawford C. An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [erratum appears in Eur Respir J 1997 Jul;10(7):1696.]. European Respiratory Journal 1997;10:815-21. Ref ID: 252
    • (1997) European Respiratory Journal , vol.10 , pp. 815-821
    • Boyd, G.1    Morice, A.H.2    Pounsford, J.C.3    Siebert, M.4    Peslis, N.5    Crawford, C.6
  • 87
    • 0030001156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of regular salmeterol on lung function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 265
    • Grove A, Lipworth BJ, Reid P, Smith RP, Ramage L, Ingram CG et al. Effects of regular salmeterol on lung function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax 1996;51:689-93. Ref ID: 265
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , pp. 689-693
    • Grove, A.1    Lipworth, B.J.2    Reid, P.3    Smith, R.P.4    Ramage, L.5    Ingram, C.G.6
  • 89
    • 0032743024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical comparison of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) in a clinical trial setting
    • Ref ID: 968
    • Rutten-Van M, Roos B, van N. An empirical comparison of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) in a clinical trial setting. Thorax. 1999;54:995-1003. Ref ID: 968
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 995-1003
    • Rutten-Van, M.1    Van Roos, B.N.2
  • 90
    • 0029077444 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of inhaled salmeterol in the management of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A single centre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study
    • Ref ID: 278
    • Ulrik CS. Efficacy of inhaled salmeterol in the management of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single centre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Thorax 1995;50:750-4. Ref ID: 278
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 750-754
    • Ulrik, C.S.1
  • 93
    • 0036014549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, controlled, 3-month trial
    • Ref ID: 249
    • Aalbers R, Ayres J, Backer V, Decramer M, Lier PA, Magyar P et al. Formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, controlled, 3-month trial. European Respiratory Journal 2002;19:936-43. Ref ID: 249
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.19 , pp. 936-943
    • Aalbers, R.1    Ayres, J.2    Backer, V.3    Decramer, M.4    Lier, P.A.5    Magyar, P.6
  • 94
    • 0036206172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of formoterol dry powder and oral, slow-release theophylline in the treatment of COPD
    • Ref ID: 966
    • Rossi A, Kristufek P, Levine BE, Thomson MH, Till D, Kottakis J et al. Comparison of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of formoterol dry powder and oral, slow-release theophylline in the treatment of COPD. Chest 2002;121:1058-69. Ref ID: 966
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , pp. 1058-1069
    • Rossi, A.1    Kristufek, P.2    Levine, B.E.3    Thomson, M.H.4    Till, D.5    Kottakis, J.6
  • 95
    • 0038366897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 1790
    • Brusasco V, Hodder R, Miravitlles M, Korducki L, Towse L, Kesten S. Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. Thorax 2003;58:399-404. Ref ID: 1790
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 399-404
    • Brusasco, V.1    Hodder, R.2    Miravitlles, M.3    Korducki, L.4    Towse, L.5    Kesten, S.6
  • 96
    • 0037108632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1689
    • Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, Chang C-N, Yates J, Fischer T et al Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 2002;166:1084-91. Ref ID: 1689
    • (2002) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.166 , pp. 1084-1091
    • Mahler, D.A.1    Wire, P.2    Horstman, D.3    Chang, C.-N.4    Yates, J.5    Fischer, T.6
  • 97
    • 0037246566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Erratum in Eur Respir J 2003;21:912 Ref ID: 1698
    • Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A, Menga G, Sansores R, Nahabedian S et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Erratum in Eur Respir J 2003;21:912]. European Respiratory Journal 2003;21:74-81. Ref ID: 1698
    • (2003) European Respiratory Journal , vol.21 , pp. 74-81
    • Szafranski, W.1    Cukier, A.2    Ramirez, A.3    Menga, G.4    Sansores, R.5    Nahabedian, S.6
  • 98
    • 0037425745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1702
    • Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:449-56. Ref ID: 1702
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 449-456
    • Calverley, P.1    Pauwels, R.2    Vestbo, J.3    Jones, P.4    Pride, N.5    Gulsvik, A.6
  • 99
    • 0036305399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol
    • Ref ID: 137
    • Donohue JF, van Noord JA, Bateman ED, Langley SJ, Lee A, Witek TJ et al. A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol. Chest 2002;122:47-55. Ref ID: 137
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 47-55
    • Donohue, J.F.1    Van Noord, J.A.2    Bateman, E.D.3    Langley, S.J.4    Lee, A.5    Witek, T.J.6
  • 101
    • 0033748430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spirometric efficacy of once-daily dosing with tiotropium in stable COPD - A 13-week multicenter trial
    • Ref ID: 174
    • Casaburi R, Briggs DD, Donohue JF, Serby CW, Menjoge SS, Witek TJ. The spirometric efficacy of once-daily dosing with tiotropium in stable COPD - A 13-week multicenter trial. Chest 2000;118:1294-302. Ref ID: 174
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 1294-1302
    • Casaburi, R.1    Briggs, D.D.2    Donohue, J.F.3    Serby, C.W.4    Menjoge, S.S.5    Witek, T.J.6
  • 104
    • 0031942519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theophylline: Recent advances in the understanding o fits mode of action and uses in clinical practice
    • Ref ID: 19434
    • Vassallo R, Lipsky JJ. Theophylline: recent advances in the understanding o fits mode of action and uses in clinical practice. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1998;73:346-54. Ref ID: 19434
    • (1998) Mayo Clinic Proceedings , vol.73 , pp. 346-354
    • Vassallo, R.1    Lipsky, J.J.2
  • 105
    • 0021246617 scopus 로고
    • Effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic strength and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19435
    • Murciano D, Aubier M, Lecocguic Y, Pariente R. Effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic strength and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1984;311:349-53. Ref ID: 19435
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 349-353
    • Murciano, D.1    Aubier, M.2    Lecocguic, Y.3    Pariente, R.4
  • 106
    • 0023220964 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline and mucociliary clearance
    • Ref ID: 19436
    • Ziment I. Theophylline and mucociliary clearance. Chest 1987;92:38S-43S. Ref ID: 19436
    • (1987) Chest , vol.92
    • Ziment, I.1
  • 107
    • 0022995590 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline improves global cardiac function and reduces dyspnea in chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 1758
    • Matthay RA, Mahler DA. Theophylline improves global cardiac function and reduces dyspnea in chronic obstructive lung disease. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 1986;78:793-9. Ref ID: 1758
    • (1986) Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology , vol.78 , pp. 793-799
    • Matthay, R.A.1    Mahler, D.A.2
  • 108
    • 0025974039 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic interactions between theophylline and other medication
    • Ref ID: 19437
    • Upton RA. Pharmacokinetic interactions between theophylline and other medication. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991;20:66-80. Ref ID: 19437
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.20 , pp. 66-80
    • Upton, R.A.1
  • 109
    • 0027128497 scopus 로고
    • ABC of monitoring drug therapy. Theophylline
    • Ref ID: 708
    • Aronson JK, Hardman M, Reynolds DJ. ABC of monitoring drug therapy. Theophylline. BMJ 1992;305:1355-8. Ref ID: 708
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 1355-1358
    • Aronson, J.K.1    Hardman, M.2    Reynolds, D.J.3
  • 111
    • 0028333619 scopus 로고
    • Effect of theophylline on exercise performance in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1737
    • Fink G, Kaye C, Sulkes J, Gabbay U, Spitzer SA. Effect of theophylline on exercise performance in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1994;49:332-4. Ref ID: 1737
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 332-334
    • Fink, G.1    Kaye, C.2    Sulkes, J.3    Gabbay, U.4    Spitzer, S.A.5
  • 112
    • 0028072624 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and neuropsychological effects of theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1748
    • Newman D, Tamir J, Speedy L, Newman JP, Ben Dov I. Physiological and neuropsychological effects of theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 1994;30:811-6. Ref ID: 1748
    • (1994) Israel Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.30 , pp. 811-816
    • Newman, D.1    Tamir, J.2    Speedy, L.3    Newman, J.P.4    Ben Dov, I.5
  • 113
    • 0019213191 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with orally administered theophylline. A double-blind, controlled study
    • Ref ID: 1731
    • Alexander MR, Dull WL, Kasik JE. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with orally administered theophylline. A double-blind, controlled study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1980;244:2286-90. Ref ID: 1731
    • (1980) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.244 , pp. 2286-2290
    • Alexander, M.R.1    Dull, W.L.2    Kasik, J.E.3
  • 114
    • 0027372576 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline improves gas exchange during rest, exercise, and sleep in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1745
    • Mulloy E, McNicholas WT. Theophylline improves gas exchange during rest, exercise, and sleep in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1993;148:1030-6. Ref ID: 1745
    • (1993) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.148 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Mulloy, E.1    McNicholas, W.T.2
  • 115
    • 0035963952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised, dose-ranging study
    • Ref ID: 1261
    • Compton CH, Gubb J, Nieman R, Edelson J, Amit O, Bakst A et al. Cilomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet 2001;358:265-70. Ref ID: 1261
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 265-270
    • Compton, C.H.1    Gubb, J.2    Nieman, R.3    Edelson, J.4    Amit, O.5    Bakst, A.6
  • 116
    • 0031045482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on inflammatory indices in asthma and COPD
    • Ref ID: 8391
    • Keatings VM, Jatakanon A, Worsdell YM, Barnes PJ. Effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on inflammatory indices in asthma and COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:542-8. Ref ID: 8391
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 542-548
    • Keatings, V.M.1    Jatakanon, A.2    Worsdell, Y.M.3    Barnes, P.J.4
  • 117
    • 0037097883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled biopsy study
    • Ref ID: 6796
    • Hattotuwa KL, Gizycki MJ, Ansari TW, Jeffery PK, Barnes NC. The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled biopsy study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1592-6. Ref ID: 6796
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 1592-1596
    • Hattotuwa, K.L.1    Gizycki, M.J.2    Ansari, T.W.3    Jeffery, P.K.4    Barnes, N.C.5
  • 119
    • 0036063208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials
    • Ref ID: 1668
    • Alsaeedi A, Sin DD, McAlister FA. The effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. American Journal of Medicine 2002;113:59-65. Ref ID: 1668
    • (2002) American Journal of Medicine , vol.113 , pp. 59-65
    • Alsaeedi, A.1    Sin, D.D.2    McAlister, F.A.3
  • 120
    • 0034643610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ISOLDE trial
    • Ref ID: 194
    • Burge PS, Calverley PMA, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. British Medical Journal 2000;320:1297-303. Ref ID: 194
    • (2000) British Medical Journal , vol.320 , pp. 1297-1303
    • Burge, P.S.1    Calverley, P.M.A.2    Jones, P.W.3    Spencer, S.4    Anderson, J.A.5    Maslen, T.K.6
  • 121
    • 0034727828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 193
    • The Lung Health Study Research Group, Altose MD, Redline S, Deitz CD, Quinlan KJ, Eichenhorn MS et al. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343:1902-9. Ref ID: 193
    • (2000) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.343 , pp. 1902-1909
    • Altose, M.D.1    Redline, S.2    Deitz, C.D.3    Quinlan, K.J.4    Eichenhorn, M.S.5
  • 122
    • 0033614639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 196
    • Vestbo J, Sorensen T, Lange P, Brix A, Torre P, Viskum K. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:1819-23. Ref ID: 196
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1819-1823
    • Vestbo, J.1    Sorensen, T.2    Lange, P.3    Brix, A.4    Torre, P.5    Viskum, K.6
  • 123
    • 0345188819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking
    • Ref ID: 195
    • Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Laitinen LA, Schouten JP, Postma DS, Pride NB et al. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:1948-53. Ref ID: 195
    • (1999) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.340 , pp. 1948-1953
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Lofdahl, C.G.2    Laitinen, L.A.3    Schouten, J.P.4    Postma, D.S.5    Pride, N.B.6
  • 124
    • 0032911831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
    • Ref ID: 879
    • van Grunsven PM, van Schayck CP, Derenne JP, Kerstjens HA, Renkema TE, Postma DS et al. Long term effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Thorax 1999;54:7-14. Ref ID: 879
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 7-14
    • Van Grunsven, P.M.1    Van Schayck, C.P.2    Derenne, J.P.3    Kerstjens, H.A.4    Renkema, T.E.5    Postma, D.S.6
  • 125
    • 0000121001 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose inhaled beclomethasone in the rate of decline in FEV1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results of a 2 year prospective multicentre study
    • Ref ID: 19463
    • Derenne, J. P. Effects of high dose inhaled beclomethasone in the rate of decline in FEV1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 2 year prospective multicentre study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151. 1995. Ref ID: 19463
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151
    • Derenne, J.P.1
  • 126
    • 0035991327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with budesonide Turbuhaler
    • Ref ID: 1711
    • Johnell O, Pauwels R, Lofdahl C-G, Laitininen LA, Postma DS, Pride NB et al. Bone mineral density in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with budesonide Turbuhaler. European Respiratory Journal 2002;19:1058-63. Ref ID: 1711
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.19 , pp. 1058-1063
    • Johnell, O.1    Pauwels, R.2    Lofdahl, C.-G.3    Laitininen, L.A.4    Postma, D.S.5    Pride, N.B.6
  • 127
    • 0037246565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
    • Ref ID: 1787
    • Jones PW, Willits LR, Burge PS, Calverley PM. Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2003;21:68-73. Ref ID: 1787
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 68-73
    • Jones, P.W.1    Willits, L.R.2    Burge, P.S.3    Calverley, P.M.4
  • 128
    • 0036798266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival in COPD patients after regular use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in general practice
    • Ref ID: 1265
    • Soriano JB, Vestbo J, Pride NB, Kiri V, Maden C, Maier WC. Survival in COPD patients after regular use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in general practice. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20:819-25. Ref ID: 1265
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 819-825
    • Soriano, J.B.1    Vestbo, J.2    Pride, N.B.3    Kiri, V.4    Maden, C.5    Maier, W.C.6
  • 129
    • 0035880882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19458
    • Sin DD, Tu JV. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:580-4. Ref ID: 19458
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 580-584
    • Sin, D.D.1    Tu, J.V.2
  • 130
    • 0037321260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Does the dose matter?
    • Ref ID: 19360
    • Sin DD, Man SFP. Inhaled corticosteroids and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Does the dose matter? European Respiratory Journal 2003;21:260-6. Ref ID: 19360
    • (2003) European Respiratory Journal , vol.21 , pp. 260-266
    • Sin, D.D.1    Man, S.F.P.2
  • 131
    • 0029866161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD
    • Ref ID: 19474
    • Renkema, T. E., Scheuten, J. P., Koeter, G. H., and Postma, D. S. Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD. Chest 109, 1156-1162. 1996. Ref ID: 19474
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 1156-1162
    • Renkema, T.E.1    Scheuten, J.P.2    Koeter, G.H.3    Postma, D.S.4
  • 132
    • 0032515756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 197
    • Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 1998;351:773-80. Ref ID: 197
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 773-780
    • Paggiaro, P.L.1    Dahle, R.2    Bakran, I.3    Frith, L.4    Hollingworth, K.5    Efthimiou, J.6
  • 133
    • 0034036485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled cortiocsteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Are they cost-effect?
    • Ref ID: 19314
    • Dragonetti ME, Groth ML. Inhaled cortiocsteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Are they cost-effect? Clinical-Pulmonary-Medicine 2000;7. Ref ID: 19314
    • (2000) Clinical-Pulmonary-Medicine , vol.7
    • Dragonetti, M.E.1    Groth, M.L.2
  • 134
    • 0026064090 scopus 로고
    • Oral corticosteroid therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A meta-analysis
    • Ref ID: 99
    • Callahan CM, Dittus RS, Katz BP. Oral corticosteroid therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 1991;114:216-23. Ref ID: 99
    • (1991) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.114 , pp. 216-223
    • Callahan, C.M.1    Dittus, R.S.2    Katz, B.P.3
  • 135
    • 0031929066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral corticosteroids on bronchodilator responses in COPD
    • Ref ID: 1672
    • Corden Z, Rees PJ. The effect of oral corticosteroids on bronchodilator responses in COPD. Respiratory Medicine 1998;92:279-82. Ref ID: 1672
    • (1998) Respiratory Medicine , vol.92 , pp. 279-282
    • Corden, Z.1    Rees, P.J.2
  • 136
    • 0033042619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response to inhaled and oral steroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1709
    • Weiner P, Weiner M, Rabner M, Waizman J, Magadle R, Zamir D. The response to inhaled and oral steroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Internal Medicine 1999;245:83-9. Ref ID: 1709
    • (1999) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.245 , pp. 83-89
    • Weiner, P.1    Weiner, M.2    Rabner, M.3    Waizman, J.4    Magadle, R.5    Zamir, D.6
  • 137
    • 0025173796 scopus 로고
    • Time course of response to oral and inhaled corticosteroids in nonasthmatic chronic air-flow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 12
    • Weir DC, Robertson AS, Gove RI, Burge PS. Time course of response to oral and inhaled corticosteroids in nonasthmatic chronic air-flow obstruction. Thorax 1990;45:118-21. Ref ID: 12
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 118-121
    • Weir, D.C.1    Robertson, A.S.2    Gove, R.I.3    Burge, P.S.4
  • 138
    • 0025034672 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid trials in non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction: A comparison of oral prednisolone and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate
    • Ref ID: 1710
    • Weir DC, Gove RI, Robertson AS, Burge PS. Corticosteroid trials in non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction: A comparison of oral prednisolone and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate. Thorax 1990;45:112-7. Ref ID: 1710
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 112-117
    • Weir, D.C.1    Gove, R.I.2    Robertson, A.S.3    Burge, P.S.4
  • 140
    • 0036333085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The addition of salmeterol 50 mg bid to anticholinergic treatment in patients with COPD: A randomized, placebo controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1719
    • Chapman, Arvidsson PC. The addition of salmeterol 50 mg bid to anticholinergic treatment in patients with COPD: A randomized, placebo controlled trial. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2002;9:178-85. Ref ID: 1719
    • (2002) Canadian Respiratory Journal , vol.9 , pp. 178-185
    • Chapman1    Arvidsson, P.C.2
  • 141
    • 3042804527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine nebulized ipratropium and albuterol together are better than either alone in COPD
    • Ref ID: 830
    • Auerbach D, Hill C, Baughman R, Boyars M, Braun S, Buist AS et al. Routine nebulized ipratropium and albuterol together are better than either alone in COPD. Chest 1997;112:1514-21. Ref ID: 830
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 1514-1521
    • Auerbach, D.1    Hill, C.2    Baughman, R.3    Boyars, M.4    Braun, S.5    Buist, A.S.6
  • 142
    • 0028318612 scopus 로고
    • In chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease, a combination of ipratropium and albuterol is more effective than either agent alone - An 85-day multicenter trial
    • Ref ID: 182
    • Bone R, Boyars M, Braun SR, Buist S, Campbell S, Chick T et al. In chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease, a combination of ipratropium and albuterol is more effective than either agent alone - an 85-day multicenter trial. Chest 1994;105:1411-9. Ref ID: 182
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1411-1419
    • Bone, R.1    Boyars, M.2    Braun, S.R.3    Buist, S.4    Campbell, S.5    Chick, T.6
  • 143
    • 0031783283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation by nebulization of albuterol-ipratropium combination (Dey combination) is superior to either agent alone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 827
    • Gross N, Tashkin D, Miller R, Oren J, Coleman W, Linberg S et al. Inhalation by nebulization of albuterol-ipratropium combination (Dey combination) is superior to either agent alone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 1998;65:354-62. Ref ID: 827
    • (1998) Respiration , vol.65 , pp. 354-362
    • Gross, N.1    Tashkin, D.2    Miller, R.3    Oren, J.4    Coleman, W.5    Linberg, S.6
  • 144
    • 0034928922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In patients with COPD, treatment with a combination of formoterol and ipratropium is more effective than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium: A 3-week, randomized, double-blind, within-patient, multicenter study
    • Ref ID: 973
    • D'Urzo AD, De S, Ramirez-Rivera A, Almeida J, Sichletidis L, Rapatz G et al. In patients with COPD, treatment with a combination of formoterol and ipratropium is more effective than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium: a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, within-patient, multicenter study. Chest 2001;119:1347-56. Ref ID: 973
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1347-1356
    • D'Urzo, A.D.1    De, S.2    Ramirez-Rivera, A.3    Almeida, J.4    Sichletidis, L.5    Rapatz, G.6
  • 145
    • 0033022767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of a combination of ipratropium plus albuterol compared with ipratropium alone and albuterol alone in COPD
    • Ref ID: 1720
    • Friedman M, Serby CW, Menjoge SS, Wilson JD, Hilleman DE, Witek TJ, Jr. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of a combination of ipratropium plus albuterol compared with ipratropium alone and albuterol alone in COPD. Chest. 1999;115:635-41. Ref ID: 1720
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 635-641
    • Friedman, M.1    Serby, C.W.2    Menjoge, S.S.3    Wilson, J.D.4    Hilleman, D.E.5    Witek Jr., T.J.6
  • 146
    • 0034892541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD
    • Ref ID: 1118
    • ZuWallack RL, Mahler DA, Reilly D, Church N, Emmett A, Rickard K et al. Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD. Chest 2001;119:1661-70. Ref ID: 1118
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1661-1670
    • ZuWallack, R.L.1    Mahler, D.A.2    Reilly, D.3    Church, N.4    Emmett, A.5    Rickard, K.6
  • 147
    • 0036827958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oxitropium bromide, theophylline and their combination in COPD patients: A double-blind, randomized, multicentre study (BREATH Trial)
    • Ref ID: 1264
    • Bellia V, Foresi A, Bianco S, Grassi V, Olivieri D, Bensi G et al. Efficacy and safety of oxitropium bromide, theophylline and their combination in COPD patients: a double-blind, randomized, multicentre study (BREATH Trial). Respiratory Medicine 2002;96:881-9. Ref ID: 1264
    • (2002) Respiratory Medicine , vol.96 , pp. 881-889
    • Bellia, V.1    Foresi, A.2    Bianco, S.3    Grassi, V.4    Olivieri, D.5    Bensi, G.6
  • 148
    • 0028957956 scopus 로고
    • The additive effect of theophylline on a high-dose combination of inhaled salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable COPD
    • Ref ID: 1722
    • Nishimura K, Koyama H, Ikeda A, Sugiura N, Kawakatsu K, Izumi T. The additive effect of theophylline on a high-dose combination of inhaled salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable COPD. Chest. 1995;107:718-23. Ref ID: 1722
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 718-723
    • Nishimura, K.1    Koyama, H.2    Ikeda, A.3    Sugiura, N.4    Kawakatsu, K.5    Izumi, T.6
  • 149
    • 0034763042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effectiveness of inhaler devices in asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease: A systematic review of the literature
    • Ref ID: 1374
    • Brocklebank, D. M, Ram, F. S. F, Wright, J., Barry, P., Cates, C., and Davies, L. Comparison of the effectiveness of inhaler devices in asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease: a systematic review of the literature. Health Technology Assessment 5(26). 2001. Ref ID: 1374
    • (2001) Health Technology Assessment , vol.5 , Issue.26
    • Brocklebank, D.M.1    Ram, F.S.F.2    Wright, J.3    Barry, P.4    Cates, C.5    Davies, L.6
  • 150
    • 77950126440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressurised metered-dose inhalers versus all other hand-held inhalers devices to deliver bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1375
    • Ram FSF, Brocklebank DM, Muers M, Wright J, Jones PW. Pressurised metered-dose inhalers versus all other hand-held inhalers devices to deliver bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.(Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1375
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Ram, F.S.F.1    Brocklebank, D.M.2    Muers, M.3    Wright, J.4    Jones, P.W.5
  • 151
    • 0036483550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry powder ipratropium bromide is as safe and effective as metered-dose inhaler formulation: A cumulative dose-response study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    • Ref ID: 1428
    • Cuvelier A, Muir J, Benhamou D, Guerin J, Weitzenblum E, Zuck P et al. Dry powder ipratropium bromide is as safe and effective as metered-dose inhaler formulation: a cumulative dose-response study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Respiratory Care 2002;47:159-66. Ref ID: 1428
    • (2002) Respiratory Care , vol.47 , pp. 159-166
    • Cuvelier, A.1    Muir, J.2    Benhamou, D.3    Guerin, J.4    Weitzenblum, E.5    Zuck, P.6
  • 152
    • 0034942486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of domiciliary nebulizers in managing patients with severe COPD
    • Ref ID: 1429
    • Eiser N, Angus K, McHale S. The role of domiciliary nebulizers in managing patients with severe COPD. Respiratory Medicine. 2001;95:265-74. Ref ID: 1429
    • (2001) Respiratory Medicine , vol.95 , pp. 265-274
    • Eiser, N.1    Angus, K.2    McHale, S.3
  • 154
    • 0030906433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competence thresholds for the use of inhalers in people with dementia
    • Ref ID: 19257
    • Allen SC. Competence thresholds for the use of inhalers in people with dementia Age Ageing 1997;26:83-6. Ref ID: 19257
    • (1997) Age Ageing , vol.26 , pp. 83-86
    • Allen, S.C.1
  • 155
    • 0015430292 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly
    • Ref ID: 19255
    • Hodkinson HM. Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly. Age Ageing 1972;1:233-8. Ref ID: 19255
    • (1972) Age Ageing , vol.1 , pp. 233-238
    • Hodkinson, H.M.1
  • 156
    • 0029030816 scopus 로고
    • Inhaler technique of elderly patients: Comparison of metered-dose inhalers and large volume spacer devices
    • Ref ID: 3396
    • Connolly MJ. Inhaler technique of elderly patients: comparison of metered-dose inhalers and large volume spacer devices. Age and Ageing 1995;24:190-2. Ref ID: 3396
    • (1995) Age and Ageing , vol.24 , pp. 190-192
    • Connolly, M.J.1
  • 157
    • 0022458123 scopus 로고
    • What determines whether an elderly patient can use a metered dose inhaler correctly?
    • Ref ID: 19258
    • Allen SC, Prior A. What determines whether an elderly patient can use a metered dose inhaler correctly? Br J Dis Chest 1986;80:45-9. Ref ID: 19258
    • (1986) Br J Dis Chest , vol.80 , pp. 45-49
    • Allen, S.C.1    Prior, A.2
  • 158
    • 0024042636 scopus 로고
    • Inhaler technique in the elderly
    • Ref ID: 19259
    • Armitage JM, Williams SJ. Inhaler technique in the elderly. Age Ageing 1988;17:275-8. Ref ID: 19259
    • (1988) Age Ageing , vol.17 , pp. 275-278
    • Armitage, J.M.1    Williams, S.J.2
  • 159
    • 0026320776 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a volumatic spacer and mouth rinsing on systemic absorption of inhaled corticosteroids from a metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler
    • Ref ID: 19261
    • Selroos O, Halme M. Effect of a volumatic spacer and mouth rinsing on systemic absorption of inhaled corticosteroids from a metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler. Thorax 1991;46:891-4. Ref ID: 19261
    • (1991) Thorax , vol.46 , pp. 891-894
    • Selroos, O.1    Halme, M.2
  • 160
    • 0025866483 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilator delivery systems for elderly patients
    • Ref ID: 19263
    • Diggory P, Bailey R, Vallon A. Effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilator delivery systems for elderly patients. Age Ageing 1991;20:379-82. Ref ID: 19263
    • (1991) Age Ageing , vol.20 , pp. 379-382
    • Diggory, P.1    Bailey, R.2    Vallon, A.3
  • 161
    • 0027057984 scopus 로고
    • Randomised cross-over comparison of five inhaler systems for bronchodilator therapy
    • Ref ID: 19262
    • Harvey J, Williams JG. Randomised cross-over comparison of five inhaler systems for bronchodilator therapy. Br J Clin Pract 1992;46:249-51. Ref ID: 19262
    • (1992) Br J Clin Pract , vol.46 , pp. 249-251
    • Harvey, J.1    Williams, J.G.2
  • 162
    • 0036147024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability to learn inhaler technique in relation to cognitive scores and tests of praxis in old age
    • Ref ID: 19256
    • Allen SC, Ragab S. Ability to learn inhaler technique in relation to cognitive scores and tests of praxis in old age. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:37-9. Ref ID: 19256
    • (2002) Postgrad Med J , vol.78 , pp. 37-39
    • Allen, S.C.1    Ragab, S.2
  • 164
    • 0031010336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulisers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 87
    • O'Driscoll BR. Nebulisers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1997;52:S49-S52. Ref ID: 87
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52
    • O'Driscoll, B.R.1
  • 166
    • 0028100650 scopus 로고
    • Terbutaline in COPD comparison between Turbuhaler and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) inhaler
    • Ref ID: 1795
    • Formgren H, Sjokvist A, Stahl E, Wiren JE. Terbutaline in COPD comparison between Turbuhaler and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) inhaler. Lung 1994;172:271-80. Ref ID: 1795
    • (1994) Lung , vol.172 , pp. 271-280
    • Formgren, H.1    Sjokvist, A.2    Stahl, E.3    Wiren, J.E.4
  • 167
    • 0032945094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the bronchodilator effects of salbutamol delivered via a metered-dose inhaler with spacer, a dry-powder inhaler, and a jet nebulizer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1440
    • Ikeda A, Nishimura K, Koyama H, Tsukino M, Hajiro T, Mishima M et al. Comparison of the bronchodilator effects of salbutamol delivered via a metered-dose inhaler with spacer, a dry-powder inhaler, and a jet nebulizer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 1999;66:119-23. Ref ID: 1440
    • (1999) Respiration , vol.66 , pp. 119-123
    • Ikeda, A.1    Nishimura, K.2    Koyama, H.3    Tsukino, M.4    Hajiro, T.5    Mishima, M.6
  • 168
    • 0034088602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved delivery of ipratropium bromide using Respimat (a new soft mist inhaler) compared with a conventional metered dose inhaler: Cumulative dose response study in patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 1439
    • Iacono P, Velicitat P, Guemas E, Leclerc V, Thebault JJ. Improved delivery of ipratropium bromide using Respimat (a new soft mist inhaler) compared with a conventional metered dose inhaler: cumulative dose response study in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine. 2000;94:490-5. Ref ID: 1439
    • (2000) Respiratory Medicine , vol.94 , pp. 490-495
    • Iacono, P.1    Velicitat, P.2    Guemas, E.3    Leclerc, V.4    Thebault, J.J.5
  • 171
    • 77950165243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1796
    • Ram FSF, Wedzicha JA. Ambulatory oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1796
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Ram, F.S.F.1    Wedzicha, J.A.2
  • 172
    • 0019460452 scopus 로고
    • Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema
    • Ref ID: 10882
    • Medical Research Council Working Party, Flenely DC. Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lancet 1981;1:681-6. Ref ID: 10882
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 681-686
    • Flenely, D.C.1
  • 173
    • 0018885920 scopus 로고
    • Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: A clinical trial
    • Ref ID: 12109
    • Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:391-8. Ref ID: 12109
    • (1980) Ann Intern Med , vol.93 , pp. 391-398
  • 174
    • 0021924163 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic response to oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 16841
    • Timms RM, Khaja FU, Williams GW. Hemodynamic response to oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:29-36. Ref ID: 16841
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med , vol.102 , pp. 29-36
    • Timms, R.M.1    Khaja, F.U.2    Williams, G.W.3
  • 175
    • 0023098627 scopus 로고
    • Twelve year clinical study of patients with hypoxic cor pulmonale given long term domiciliary oxygen therapy
    • Ref ID: 3471
    • Cooper CB, Waterhouse J, Howard P. Twelve year clinical study of patients with hypoxic cor pulmonale given long term domiciliary oxygen therapy. Thorax 1987;42:105-10. Ref ID: 3471
    • (1987) Thorax , vol.42 , pp. 105-110
    • Cooper, C.B.1    Waterhouse, J.2    Howard, P.3
  • 176
    • 0025899015 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of sequential physiologic changes in hypoxic cor pulmonale during long-term oxygen therapy
    • Ref ID: 19266
    • Cooper CB, Howard P. An analysis of sequential physiologic changes in hypoxic cor pulmonale during long-term oxygen therapy. Chest 1991;100:76-80. Ref ID: 19266
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 76-80
    • Cooper, C.B.1    Howard, P.2
  • 178
    • 1542432369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Tariff National Health Service, England and Wales. Ref ID: 19494
    • PPA. Drug Tariff National Health Service, England and Wales. The Stationary Office Books, 2003. Ref ID: 19494
    • (2003) The Stationary Office Books
  • 179
    • 0033519794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost minimisation analysis of provision of oxygen at home: Are the drug tariff guidelines cost effective?
    • Ref ID: 19268
    • Heaney LG, McAllister D, MacMahon J. Cost minimisation analysis of provision of oxygen at home: are the drug tariff guidelines cost effective? BMJ 1999;319:19-23. Ref ID: 19268
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 19-23
    • Heaney, L.G.1    McAllister, D.2    MacMahon, J.3
  • 180
    • 0035989771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory oxygen improves quality of life of COPD patients: A randomised controlled study
    • Ref ID: 19414
    • Eaton T, Garrett JE, Young P, Fergusson W, Kolbe J, Rudkin S et al. Ambulatory oxygen improves quality of life of COPD patients: A randomised controlled study. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20:306-12. Ref ID: 19414
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 306-312
    • Eaton, T.1    Garrett, J.E.2    Young, P.3    Fergusson, W.4    Kolbe, J.5    Rudkin, S.6
  • 181
    • 0034940973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of long-term oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1797
    • Crockett AJ, Cranston JM, Moss JR, Alpers JH. A review of long-term oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2001;95:437-43. Ref ID: 1797
    • (2001) Respir Med , vol.95 , pp. 437-443
    • Crockett, A.J.1    Cranston, J.M.2    Moss, J.R.3    Alpers, J.H.4
  • 182
    • 0032410255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domiciliary liquid oxygen versus concentrator treatment in chronic hypoxaemia: A cost-utility analysis
    • Ref ID: 19269
    • Andersson A, Strom K, Brodin H, Alton M, Boman G, Jakobsson P et al. Domiciliary liquid oxygen versus concentrator treatment in chronic hypoxaemia: a cost-utility analysis. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1284-9. Ref ID: 19269
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.12 , pp. 1284-1289
    • Andersson, A.1    Strom, K.2    Brodin, H.3    Alton, M.4    Boman, G.5    Jakobsson, P.6
  • 183
    • 0028116089 scopus 로고
    • Domiciliary oxygen cylinders: Indications, prescription and usage
    • Ref ID: 12336
    • Okubadejo AA, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. Domiciliary oxygen cylinders: indications, prescription and usage. Respir Med 1994;88:777-85. Ref ID: 12336
    • (1994) Respir Med , vol.88 , pp. 777-785
    • Okubadejo, A.A.1    Paul, E.A.2    Wedzicha, J.A.3
  • 184
    • 0019460873 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen relieves breathlessness in "pink puffers"
    • Ref ID: 19270
    • Woodcock AA, Gross ER, Geddes DM. Oxygen relieves breathlessness in "pink puffers" Lancet 1981;1:907-9. Ref ID: 19270
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 907-909
    • Woodcock, A.A.1    Gross, E.R.2    Geddes, D.M.3
  • 185
    • 0022507273 scopus 로고
    • Short burst oxygen treatment for breathlessness in chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 4901
    • Evans TW, Waterhouse JC, Carter A, Nicholl JF, Howard P. Short burst oxygen treatment for breathlessness in chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax 1986;41:611-5. Ref ID: 4901
    • (1986) Thorax , vol.41 , pp. 611-615
    • Evans, T.W.1    Waterhouse, J.C.2    Carter, A.3    Nicholl, J.F.4    Howard, P.5
  • 186
    • 0025830090 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic benefit of supplemental oxygen in hypoxemic patients with chronic lung disease
    • Ref ID: 16419
    • Swinburn CR, Mould H, Stone TN, Corris PA, Gibson GJ. Symptomatic benefit of supplemental oxygen in hypoxemic patients with chronic lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143:913-5. Ref ID: 16419
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , pp. 913-915
    • Swinburn, C.R.1    Mould, H.2    Stone, T.N.3    Corris, P.A.4    Gibson, G.J.5
  • 187
    • 0025376305 scopus 로고
    • Short term effect of intermittent negative pressure ventilation in COPD patients with respiratory failure
    • Ref ID: 498
    • Ambrosino N, Montagna T, Nava S, Negri A, Brega S, Fracchia C et al. Short term effect of intermittent negative pressure ventilation in COPD patients with respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 1990;3:502-8. Ref ID: 498
    • (1990) Eur Respir J , vol.3 , pp. 502-508
    • Ambrosino, N.1    Montagna, T.2    Nava, S.3    Negri, A.4    Brega, S.5    Fracchia, C.6
  • 189
    • 0037794266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of ventilatory failure in COPD
    • Ref ID: 19274
    • Plant PK, Elliott MW. Management of ventilatory failure in COPD. Thorax 2003;58:537-42. Ref ID: 19274
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 537-542
    • Plant, P.K.1    Elliott, M.W.2
  • 190
    • 84891672979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1482
    • Wijkstra PJ, Lacasse Y, Guyatt GH, Goldstein RS. Nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Cochrane Review]. The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1482
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Wijkstra, P.J.1    Lacasse, Y.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Goldstein, R.S.4
  • 191
    • 18544366064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Italian multicentre study on noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    • Ref ID: 1301
    • Clini E, Sturani C, Rossi A, Viaggi S, Corrado A, Donner CF et al. The Italian multicentre study on noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20:529-38. Ref ID: 1301
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 529-538
    • Clini, E.1    Sturani, C.2    Rossi, A.3    Viaggi, S.4    Corrado, A.5    Donner, C.F.6
  • 193
    • 0019975072 scopus 로고
    • Identification of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from routine chest radiographs
    • Ref ID: 3056
    • Chetty KG, Brown SE, Light RW. Identification of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from routine chest radiographs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:338-41. Ref ID: 3056
    • (1982) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.126 , pp. 338-341
    • Chetty, K.G.1    Brown, S.E.2    Light, R.W.3
  • 194
    • 0021142575 scopus 로고
    • Radiological prediction of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 11143
    • Miller MR, Gorecka DM, Bishop JM. Radiological prediction of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Heart J 1984;5:581-7. Ref ID: 11143
    • (1984) Eur Heart J , vol.5 , pp. 581-587
    • Miller, M.R.1    Gorecka, D.M.2    Bishop, J.M.3
  • 195
    • 0023554084 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparison of ECG, radiological measurements, echocardiography and myocardial scintigraphy
    • Ref ID: 12469
    • Oswald-Mammosser M, Oswald T, Nyankiye E, Dickele MC, Grange D, Weitzenblum E. Non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparison of ECG, radiological measurements, echocardiography and myocardial scintigraphy. Eur J Respir Dis 1987;71:419-29. Ref ID: 12469
    • (1987) Eur J Respir Dis , vol.71 , pp. 419-429
    • Oswald-Mammosser, M.1    Oswald, T.2    Nyankiye, E.3    Dickele, M.C.4    Grange, D.5    Weitzenblum, E.6
  • 196
    • 0027930046 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part One
    • Ref ID: 19279
    • MacNee W. Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part One Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:833-52. Ref ID: 19279
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , pp. 833-852
    • MacNee, W.1
  • 197
    • 0020816955 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of "cor pulmonale" by non-invasive methods: A challenge for pulmonologists and cardiologists
    • Ref ID: 19280
    • Weitzenblum E, Zielinski J, Bishop JM. The diagnosis of "cor pulmonale" by non-invasive methods: a challenge for pulmonologists and cardiologists. Bull Eur Physiopathol. Respir 1983;19:423-6. Ref ID: 19280
    • (1983) Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir , vol.19 , pp. 423-426
    • Weitzenblum, E.1    Zielinski, J.2    Bishop, J.M.3
  • 198
    • 0023204109 scopus 로고
    • Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 3814
    • Danchin N, Cornette A, Henriquez A, Godenir JP, Ethevenot G, Polu JM et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest 1987;92:229-33. Ref ID: 3814
    • (1987) Chest , vol.92 , pp. 229-233
    • Danchin, N.1    Cornette, A.2    Henriquez, A.3    Godenir, J.P.4    Ethevenot, G.5    Polu, J.M.6
  • 199
    • 0019992196 scopus 로고
    • A new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for evaluating right ventricular size and performance in patients with obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 15972
    • Starling MR, Crawford MH, Sorensen SG, O'Rourke RA. A new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for evaluating right ventricular size and performance in patients with obstructive lung disease. Circulation 1982;66:612-20. Ref ID: 15972
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.66 , pp. 612-620
    • Starling, M.R.1    Crawford, M.H.2    Sorensen, S.G.3    O'Rourke, R.A.4
  • 200
    • 0025075951 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the right ventricle by magnetic resonance imaging in chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 17150
    • Turnbull LW, Ridgway JP, Biernacki W, McRitchie H, Muir AL, Best JJ et al. Assessment of the right ventricle by magnetic resonance imaging in chronic obstructive lung disease. Thorax 1990;45:597-601. Ref ID: 17150
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 597-601
    • Turnbull, L.W.1    Ridgway, J.P.2    Biernacki, W.3    McRitchie, H.4    Muir, A.L.5    Best, J.J.6
  • 201
    • 0022610205 scopus 로고
    • Limited usefulness of the so-called ejection fraction measurement in clinical practice
    • Ref ID: 472
    • Altschule MD. Limited usefulness of the so-called ejection fraction measurement in clinical practice. Chest 1986;90:134-5. Ref ID: 472
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , pp. 134-135
    • Altschule, M.D.1
  • 202
    • 0022409708 scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular performance during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effects of oxygen
    • Ref ID: 10067
    • MacNee W, Morgan AD, Wathen CG, Muir AL, Flenley DC. Right ventricular performance during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effects of oxygen. Respiration 1985;48:206-15. Ref ID: 10067
    • (1985) Respiration , vol.48 , pp. 206-215
    • MacNee, W.1    Morgan, A.D.2    Wathen, C.G.3    Muir, A.L.4    Flenley, D.C.5
  • 203
    • 0022965146 scopus 로고
    • Captopril effects on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in chronic cor pulmonale
    • Ref ID: 19282
    • Zielinski J, Hawrylkiewicz I, Gorecka D, Gluskowski J, Koscinska M. Captopril effects on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in chronic cor pulmonale. Chest 1986;90:562-5. Ref ID: 19282
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , pp. 562-565
    • Zielinski, J.1    Hawrylkiewicz, I.2    Gorecka, D.3    Gluskowski, J.4    Koscinska, M.5
  • 204
    • 0031024065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic and endocrine effects of type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade in patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale
    • Ref ID: 8568
    • Kiely DG, Cargill RI, Wheeldon NM, Coutie WJ, Lipworth BJ. Haemodynamic and endocrine effects of type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade in patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale. Cardiovasc Res 1997;33:201-8. Ref ID: 8568
    • (1997) Cardiovasc Res , vol.33 , pp. 201-208
    • Kiely, D.G.1    Cargill, R.I.2    Wheeldon, N.M.3    Coutie, W.J.4    Lipworth, B.J.5
  • 205
    • 0023695137 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease by Nifedipine: An 18-month haemodynamic study
    • Ref ID: 14486
    • Saadjian AY, Philip-Joet FF, Vestri R, Arnaud AG. Long-term treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease by Nifedipine: an 18-month haemodynamic study. Eur Respir J 1988;1:716-20. Ref ID: 14486
    • (1988) Eur Respir J , vol.1 , pp. 716-720
    • Saadjian, A.Y.1    Philip-Joet, F.F.2    Vestri, R.3    Arnaud, A.G.4
  • 206
    • 0022974965 scopus 로고
    • Acute and long term effect of nifedipine on pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 7959
    • Johnson DC, Joshi RC, Mehta R, Cunnington AR. Acute and long term effect of nifedipine on pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 1986;146:495-502. Ref ID: 7959
    • (1986) Eur J Respir Dis Suppl , vol.146 , pp. 495-502
    • Johnson, D.C.1    Joshi, R.C.2    Mehta, R.3    Cunnington, A.R.4
  • 207
    • 0015093529 scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic effects of phentolamine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 6142
    • Gould L, Zahir M, DeMartino A, Gomprecht RF. Haemodynamic effects of phentolamine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br Heart J 1971;33:445-50. Ref ID: 6142
    • (1971) Br Heart J , vol.33 , pp. 445-450
    • Gould, L.1    Zahir, M.2    DeMartino, A.3    Gomprecht, R.F.4
  • 208
    • 0018197956 scopus 로고
    • Phentolamine infusion in cor pulmonale due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19283
    • Van Mieghem W, De Backer G, De Wispelaere B, Billiet L, Cosemans J. Phentolamine infusion in cor pulmonale due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Cardiol 1978;33:253-62. Ref ID: 19283
    • (1978) Acta Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 253-262
    • Van Mieghem, W.1    De Backer, G.2    De Wispelaere, B.3    Billiet, L.4    Cosemans, J.5
  • 209
    • 0022380653 scopus 로고
    • Improved haemodynamics but reduced arterial blood oxygenation, at rest and during exercise after long-term oral prazosin therapy in chronic cor pulmonale
    • Ref ID: 19284
    • Vik-Mo H, Walde N, Jentoft H, Halvorsen FJ. Improved haemodynamics but reduced arterial blood oxygenation, at rest and during exercise after long-term oral prazosin therapy in chronic cor pulmonale. Eur Heart J 1985;6:1047-53. Ref ID: 19284
    • (1985) Eur Heart J , vol.6 , pp. 1047-1053
    • Vik-Mo, H.1    Walde, N.2    Jentoft, H.3    Halvorsen, F.J.4
  • 210
    • 0017658516 scopus 로고
    • The use of digitalis in patients with pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 6210
    • Green LH, Smith TW. The use of digitalis in patients with pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 1977;87:459-65. Ref ID: 6210
    • (1977) Ann Intern Med , vol.87 , pp. 459-465
    • Green, L.H.1    Smith, T.W.2
  • 211
    • 0015544285 scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic effect of deslanoside at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 7915
    • Jezek V, Schrijen F. Haemodynamic effect of deslanoside at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic bronchitis. Br Heart J 1973;35:2-8. Ref ID: 7915
    • (1973) Br Heart J , vol.35 , pp. 2-8
    • Jezek, V.1    Schrijen, F.2
  • 212
    • 0021322455 scopus 로고
    • Effects of digoxin on exercise capacity and right ventricular function during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 2209
    • Brown SE, Pakron FJ, Milne N, Linden GS, Stansbury DW, Fischer CE et al. Effects of digoxin on exercise capacity and right ventricular function during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction. Chest 1984;85:187-91. Ref ID: 2209
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 187-191
    • Brown, S.E.1    Pakron, F.J.2    Milne, N.3    Linden, G.S.4    Stansbury, D.W.5    Fischer, C.E.6
  • 213
    • 0034773257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary rehabilitation
    • Ref ID: 1223
    • British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Subcommittee on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation. Thorax 2001;56:827-34. Ref ID: 1223
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 827-834
  • 216
    • 0037354613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Ref ID: 19351
    • Salman GF, Mosier MC, Beasley BW, Calkins DR. Rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2003;18:213-21. Ref ID: 19351
    • (2003) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.18 , pp. 213-221
    • Salman, G.F.1    Mosier, M.C.2    Beasley, B.W.3    Calkins, D.R.4
  • 217
    • 0026687824 scopus 로고
    • Does rehabilitation reduce depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
    • Ref ID: 1024
    • Toshima MT, Blumberg E, Ries AL, Kaplan RM. Does rehabilitation reduce depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 1992;12:261-9. Ref ID: 1024
    • (1992) Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , vol.12 , pp. 261-269
    • Toshima, M.T.1    Blumberg, E.2    Ries, A.L.3    Kaplan, R.M.4
  • 218
    • 0034728079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: A randomised controlled trial
    • published erratum appears in Lancet 2000 Apr 8;355(9211):1280. Ref ID: 1041
    • Griffiths TLB. Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial [published erratum appears in Lancet 2000 Apr 8;355(9211):1280]. Lancet 2000;355:362-8. Ref ID: 1041
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 362-368
    • Griffiths, T.L.B.1
  • 219
    • 0029008035 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiological and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease
    • Ref ID: 49
    • Ries AL, Kaplan RM, Limberg TMK, Prewitt LM. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiological and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 1995;122:823-32. Ref ID: 49
    • (1995) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.122 , pp. 823-832
    • Ries, A.L.1    Kaplan, R.M.2    Limberg, T.M.K.3    Prewitt, L.M.4
  • 220
    • 0037291869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal trends in exercise capacity and health status after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 19371
    • Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Longitudinal trends in exercise capacity and health status after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2003;97:173-80. Ref ID: 19371
    • (2003) Respiratory Medicine , vol.97 , pp. 173-180
    • Bestall, J.C.1    Paul, E.A.2    Garrod, R.3    Garnham, R.4    Jones, P.W.5    Wedzicha, J.A.6
  • 222
    • 0034810705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness of an outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme
    • Ref ID: 6262
    • Griffiths TL, Phillips CJ, Davies S, Burr ML, Campbell IA. Cost effectiveness of an outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Thorax 2001;56:779-84. Ref ID: 6262
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 779-784
    • Griffiths, T.L.1    Phillips, C.J.2    Davies, S.3    Burr, M.L.4    Campbell, I.A.5
  • 224
    • 0036738093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: A meta-analysis
    • Ref ID: 1227
    • Lotters F, van Tol B, Kwakkel G, Gosselink R. Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20:570-6. Ref ID: 1227
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 570-576
    • Lotters, F.1    Van Tol, B.2    Kwakkel, G.3    Gosselink, R.4
  • 226
    • 0342470563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of supervised versus self-monitored training programmes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1228
    • Puente-Maestu L, Sanz ML, Sanz P, Cubillo JM, Mayol J, Casaburi R. Comparison of effects of supervised versus self-monitored training programmes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 2000;15:517-25. Ref ID: 1228
    • (2000) European Respiratory Journal , vol.15 , pp. 517-525
    • Puente-Maestu, L.1    Sanz, M.L.2    Sanz, P.3    Cubillo, J.M.4    Mayol, J.5    Casaburi, R.6
  • 228
    • 0032926047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Predictors of nonadherence
    • Ref ID: 1040
    • Young P, Dewse M, Fergusson W, Kolbe J. Respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Predictors of nonadherence. European Respiratory Journal 1999;13:855-9. Ref ID: 1040
    • (1999) European Respiratory Journal , vol.13 , pp. 855-859
    • Young, P.1    Dewse, M.2    Fergusson, W.3    Kolbe, J.4
  • 229
    • 0034890562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it really useful to repeat outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with chronic airway obstruction? A 2-year controlled study
    • Ref ID: 1045
    • Foglio K, Bianchi L, Ambrosino N. Is it really useful to repeat outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with chronic airway obstruction? A 2-year controlled study. Chest 2001;119:1696-704. Ref ID: 1045
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1696-1704
    • Foglio, K.1    Bianchi, L.2    Ambrosino, N.3
  • 232
    • 0033515097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality in elderly persons with chronic lung disease
    • Ref ID: 1724
    • Nichol KL, Baken L, Nelson A. Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality in elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:397-403. Ref ID: 1724
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 397-403
    • Nichol, K.L.1    Baken, L.2    Nelson, A.3
  • 235
    • 0033536898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health and economic benefits associated with pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons with chronic lung disease
    • Ref ID: 216
    • Nichol KL, Baken L, Wuorenma J, Nelson A. The health and economic benefits associated with pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999;159:2437-42. Ref ID: 216
    • (1999) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.159 , pp. 2437-2442
    • Nichol, K.L.1    Baken, L.2    Wuorenma, J.3    Nelson, A.4
  • 236
    • 0033618436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The additive benefits of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations during influenza seasons among elderly persons with chronic lung disease
    • Ref ID: 1723
    • Nichol KL. The additive benefits of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations during influenza seasons among elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Vaccine 1999;17 Suppl 1:S91-S93. Ref ID: 1723
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Nichol, K.L.1
  • 237
    • 0023154114 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1620
    • Leech JA, Gervais A, Ruben FL. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1987;136:361-5. Ref ID: 1620
    • (1987) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.136 , pp. 361-365
    • Leech, J.A.1    Gervais, A.2    Ruben, F.L.3
  • 238
    • 0026210902 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of a killed Haemophilus influenzae vaccine for prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1618
    • Tandon MK, Gebski V. A controlled trial of a killed Haemophilus influenzae vaccine for prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1991;21:427-32. Ref ID: 1618
    • (1991) Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 427-432
    • Tandon, M.K.1    Gebski, V.2
  • 239
    • 0031964139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is immunising all patients with chronic lung disease in the community against influenza cost effective? Evidence from a general practice based clinical prospective cohort study in Utrecht, the Netherlands
    • Ref ID: 108
    • Hak E, Van Essen GA, Buskens E, Stalman W, De Melker RA. Is immunising all patients with chronic lung disease in the community against influenza cost effective? Evidence from a general practice based clinical prospective cohort study in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1998;52:120-5. Ref ID: 108
    • (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.52 , pp. 120-125
    • Hak, E.1    Van Essen, G.A.2    Buskens, E.3    Stalman, W.4    De Melker, R.A.5
  • 240
    • 1542432375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter from the Chief Medical Officer, the Chief Nursing Officer and the Chief Pharmaceutical Officer
    • PL/CMO/2003/4. Ref ID: 19492
    • Letter from the Chief Medical Officer, the Chief Nursing Officer and the Chief Pharmaceutical Officer. Update on Immunisation issues. PL/CMO/2003/4). 2003. Ref ID: 19492
    • (2003) Update on Immunisation Issues
  • 242
    • 1542642050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal (Draft Replacement Chapter)
    • London: Department of Health, Ref ID: 19493
    • The Department of Heath. Pneumococcal (Draft Replacement Chapter). In: Immunisation Against Infectious Disease ("The Green Book"), London: Department of Health, 2003. Ref ID: 19493
    • (2003) Immunisation Against Infectious Disease ("The Green Book")
  • 243
    • 0030067552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction pneumoplasty for giant bullous emphysema. Implications for surgical treatment of nonbullous emphysema
    • Ref ID: 15767
    • Snider GL. Reduction pneumoplasty for giant bullous emphysema. Implications for surgical treatment of nonbullous emphysema. Chest 1996;109:540-8. Ref ID: 15767
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 540-548
    • Snider, G.L.1
  • 245
    • 0033802507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction pneumoplasty versus respiratory rehabilitation in severe emphysema: A randomized study
    • Pulmonary Emphysema Research Group. Ref ID: 13344
    • Pompeo E, Marino M, Nofroni I, Matteucci G, Mineo TC. Reduction pneumoplasty versus respiratory rehabilitation in severe emphysema: a randomized study. Pulmonary Emphysema Research Group. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:948-53. Ref ID: 13344
    • (2000) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.70 , pp. 948-953
    • Pompeo, E.1    Marino, M.2    Nofroni, I.3    Matteucci, G.4    Mineo, T.C.5
  • 246
    • 0038075468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema
    • Ref ID: 1788
    • National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomised trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. The New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348:2059-73. Ref ID: 1788
    • (2003) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , pp. 2059-2073
  • 247
    • 0035846315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients at high risk of death after lung-volume-reduction surgery
    • Ref ID: 19288
    • National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Patients at high risk of death after lung-volume-reduction surgery. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1075-83. Ref ID: 19288
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1075-1083
  • 248
    • 0031857610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung volume reduction or lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary emphysema?
    • Ref ID: 19289
    • Zenati M, Keenan RJ, Courcoulas AP, Griffith BP. Lung volume reduction or lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary emphysema? Eur J Cardiothorac. Surg 1998;14:27-31. Ref ID: 19289
    • (1998) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.14 , pp. 27-31
    • Zenati, M.1    Keenan, R.J.2    Courcoulas, A.P.3    Griffith, B.P.4
  • 249
    • 0030039283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of early functional results after volume reduction or lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 5568
    • Gaissert HA, Trulock EP, Cooper JD, Sundaresan RS, Patterson GA. Comparison of early functional results after volume reduction or lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:296-306. Ref ID: 5568
    • (1996) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.111 , pp. 296-306
    • Gaissert, H.A.1    Trulock, E.P.2    Cooper, J.D.3    Sundaresan, R.S.4    Patterson, G.A.5
  • 250
    • 0031028610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics and gas exchange after single lung transplantation and unilateral thoracoscopic lung reduction
    • Ref ID: 8421
    • Keller CA, Naunheim KS, Osterloh J, Krucylak PE, Baudendistel L, McBride L et al. Hemodynamics and gas exchange after single lung transplantation and unilateral thoracoscopic lung reduction. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:199-208. Ref ID: 8421
    • (1997) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.16 , pp. 199-208
    • Keller, C.A.1    Naunheim, K.S.2    Osterloh, J.3    Krucylak, P.E.4    Baudendistel, L.5    McBride, L.6
  • 251
    • 0034908644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Eighteenth Official Report-2001
    • Ref ID: 7305
    • Hosenpud JD, Bennett LE, Keck BM, Boucek MM, Novick RJ. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: eighteenth Official Report-2001. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001;20:805-15. Ref ID: 7305
    • (2001) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 805-815
    • Hosenpud, J.D.1    Bennett, L.E.2    Keck, B.M.3    Boucek, M.M.4    Novick, R.J.5
  • 253
    • 0031869345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates
    • Ref ID: 513
    • American Thoracic Society, Aris R, Barbers RG, Barst R, Baz MA, de Boer W et al. International guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:335-9. Ref ID: 513
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 335-339
    • Aris, R.1    Barbers, R.G.2    Barst, R.3    Baz, M.A.4    De Boer, W.5
  • 255
    • 0000141317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung Transplantation for COPD
    • Ref ID: 17086
    • Trulock EP, III. Lung Transplantation for COPD. Chest 1998;113(4):269S-276S. Ref ID: 17086
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , Issue.4
    • Trulock III, E.P.1
  • 256
    • 0030465416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 30-year perspective on alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency
    • Ref ID: 144
    • Eriksson S. A 30-year perspective on alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. Chest 1996;110:S237-S242. Ref ID: 144
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110
    • Eriksson, S.1
  • 258
    • 0032110436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and FEV1 decline in individuals with severe deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin
    • Ref ID: 1336
    • The Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry Study Group. Survival and FEV1 decline in individuals with severe deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1998;158:49-59. Ref ID: 1336
    • (1998) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.158 , pp. 49-59
  • 259
    • 0031242842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy slow the annual decline in FEV1 in patients with severe hereditary alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?
    • Ref ID: 1258
    • Seersholm N, Wencker M, Banik N, Viskum K, Dirksen A, Kok JA et al. Does alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy slow the annual decline in FEV1 in patients with severe hereditary alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency? European Respiratory Journal 1997;10:2260-3. Ref ID: 1258
    • (1997) European Respiratory Journal , vol.10 , pp. 2260-2263
    • Seersholm, N.1    Wencker, M.2    Banik, N.3    Viskum, K.4    Dirksen, A.5    Kok, J.A.6
  • 260
    • 0025890293 scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of alpha-1 antitrypsin replacement therapy in treatment of congenital chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1253
    • Hay JW, Robin ED. Cost-effectiveness of alpha-1 antitrypsin replacement therapy in treatment of congenital chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:427-33. Ref ID: 1253
    • (1991) American Journal of Public Health , vol.81 , pp. 427-433
    • Hay, J.W.1    Robin, E.D.2
  • 261
    • 1542537213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucolytic agents for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 100
    • Poole PJ, Black PN. Mucolytic agents for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrine Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 100
    • (2003) The Cochrine Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Poole, P.J.1    Black, P.N.2
  • 262
    • 0034023927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials
    • Ref ID: 874
    • Grandjean EM, Berthet P, Ruffmann R, Leuenberger P. Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clinical Therapeutics 2000;22:209-21. Ref ID: 874
    • (2000) Clinical Therapeutics , vol.22 , pp. 209-221
    • Grandjean, E.M.1    Berthet, P.2    Ruffmann, R.3    Leuenberger, P.4
  • 263
    • 0033898870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: A quantitative systematic review
    • Ref ID: 923
    • Stey C, Steurer J, Bachmann S, Medici TC, Tramer MR. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: A quantitative systematic review. European Respiratory Journal 2000;16:253-62. Ref ID: 923
    • (2000) European Respiratory Journal , vol.16 , pp. 253-262
    • Stey, C.1    Steurer, J.2    Bachmann, S.3    Medici, T.C.4    Tramer, M.R.5
  • 264
    • 0034783417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neltenexine tablets in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD. A double-blind, randomised, controlled study versus placebo
    • Ref ID: 1421
    • Cattaneo C. Neltenexine tablets in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD. A double-blind, randomised, controlled study versus placebo. Minerva Medica. 2001;92:277-84. Ref ID: 1421
    • (2001) Minerva Medica , vol.92 , pp. 277-284
    • Cattaneo, C.1
  • 265
    • 0037718518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine reduces the risk of re-hospitalisation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1794
    • Gerrits CMJM, Herings RMC, Leufkens HGM, Lammers JWJ. N-acetylcysteine reduces the risk of re-hospitalisation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003;21:795-8. Ref ID: 1794
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 795-798
    • Gerrits, C.M.J.M.1    Herings, R.M.C.2    Leufkens, H.G.M.3    Lammers, J.W.J.4
  • 266
    • 0035954121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systematic review
    • Ref ID: 863
    • Poole PJ, Black PN. Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review. BMJ 2001;322:1271-4. Ref ID: 863
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1271-1274
    • Poole, P.J.1    Black, P.N.2
  • 267
    • 0025191405 scopus 로고
    • The national mucolytic study. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of iodinated glycerol in chronic obstructive bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1403
    • Petty TL. The national mucolytic study. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of iodinated glycerol in chronic obstructive bronchitis. Chest 1990;97:75-83. Ref ID: 1403
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 75-83
    • Petty, T.L.1
  • 268
    • 0033849631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of oral N-acetylcysteine as a preventive treatment in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 922
    • Grandjean EM, Berthet P, Ruffmann R, Leuenberger P. Cost-effectiveness analysis of oral N-acetylcysteine as a preventive treatment in chronic bronchitis. Pharmacological Research 2000;42:39-50. Ref ID: 922
    • (2000) Pharmacological Research , vol.42 , pp. 39-50
    • Grandjean, E.M.1    Berthet, P.2    Ruffmann, R.3    Leuenberger, P.4
  • 269
    • 0035218679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidants/antioxidants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pathogenesis to therapy
    • Ref ID: 10055
    • MacNee W. Oxidants/antioxidants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pathogenesis to therapy. Novartis Found Symp 2001;234:169-85. Ref ID: 10055
    • (2001) Novartis Found Symp , vol.234 , pp. 169-185
    • MacNee, W.1
  • 270
    • 0034190372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of redox glutathione levels and gene transcription in lung inflammation: Therapeutic approaches
    • Ref ID: 13662
    • Rahman I, MacNee W. Regulation of redox glutathione levels and gene transcription in lung inflammation: therapeutic approaches. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:1405-20. Ref ID: 13662
    • (2000) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.28 , pp. 1405-1420
    • Rahman, I.1    MacNee, W.2
  • 272
    • 0028120012 scopus 로고
    • The alpha tocopherol, beta carotene lung cancer prevention study: Design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance
    • Ref ID: 1530
    • The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group. The alpha tocopherol, beta carotene lung cancer prevention study: design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance. Annals of Epidemiology 1994;4:1-10. Ref ID: 1530
    • (1994) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.4 , pp. 1-10
  • 273
    • 0027732215 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of moguisteine in patients with cough associated with chronic respiratory diseases
    • Ref ID: 1231
    • Aversa C, Cazzola M, Clini V, Dal Negro R, Maiorano V, Tana F et al. Clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of moguisteine in patients with cough associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Drugs Under Experimental & Clinical Research 1993;19:273-9. Ref ID: 1231
    • (1993) Drugs under Experimental & Clinical Research , vol.19 , pp. 273-279
    • Aversa, C.1    Cazzola, M.2    Clini, V.3    Dal Negro, R.4    Maiorano, V.5    Tana, F.6
  • 274
    • 0029063103 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of moguisteine in comparison with codeine phosphate in patients with chronic cough
    • Ref ID: 1232
    • Barnabe R, Berni F, Clini V, Pirrelli M, Pisani CA, Robusch M et al. The efficacy and safety of moguisteine in comparison with codeine phosphate in patients with chronic cough. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 1995;50:93-7. Ref ID: 1232
    • (1995) Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease , vol.50 , pp. 93-97
    • Barnabe, R.1    Berni, F.2    Clini, V.3    Pirrelli, M.4    Pisani, C.A.5    Robusch, M.6
  • 275
    • 0028079633 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of moguisteine in comparison with dextromethorphan in patients with persistent cough
    • Ref ID: 1233
    • Del Donno M, Aversa C, Corsico R, Foresi A, Grassi V, Malerba M et al. Efficacy and safety of moguisteine in comparison with dextromethorphan in patients with persistent cough. Drug Investigation 1994;7:93-100. Ref ID: 1233
    • (1994) Drug Investigation , vol.7 , pp. 93-100
    • Del Donno, M.1    Aversa, C.2    Corsico, R.3    Foresi, A.4    Grassi, V.5    Malerba, M.6
  • 276
    • 0035002022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-masked, placebo-controlled polysomnographic study of the antitussive effects of helicidine
    • Ref ID: 1238
    • Sergysels R, Art G. A double-masked, placebo-controlled polysomnographic study of the antitussive effects of helicidine. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical & Experimental 2001;62:35-47. Ref ID: 1238
    • (2001) Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical & Experimental , vol.62 , pp. 35-47
    • Sergysels, R.1    Art, G.2
  • 279
    • 0001135285 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy in chronic bronchitis. Influence of daily penicillin and tetracycline on exacerbations and their cost
    • Ref ID: 1380
    • Francis R. Chemotherapy in chronic bronchitis. Influence of daily penicillin and tetracycline on exacerbations and their cost. BMJ 1960. Ref ID: 1380
    • (1960) BMJ
    • Francis, R.1
  • 280
    • 0014125599 scopus 로고
    • Continuous suppressive antimicrobial treament in chronic infected bronchitis during the winter months
    • Ref ID: 19452
    • Gosling, W. R. O., Djajadinigrat, R. J., Bergstein, P. G. M., and Holle, P. Continuous suppressive antimicrobial treament in chronic infected bronchitis during the winter months. Diseases of the Chest (376), 380. 1967. Ref ID: 19452
    • (1967) Diseases of the Chest , Issue.376 , pp. 380
    • Gosling, W.R.O.1    Djajadinigrat, R.J.2    Bergstein, P.G.M.3    Holle, P.4
  • 281
    • 0009706410 scopus 로고
    • A trial of phenethicillin in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 19453
    • Johnston, R. N., Lockhart, W., Smith, D. H., and Cadman, N. k. A trial of phenethicillin in chronic bronchitis. BMJ, 985-986. 1961. Ref ID: 19453
    • (1961) BMJ , pp. 985-986
    • Johnston, R.N.1    Lockhart, W.2    Smith, D.H.3    Cadman, N.K.4
  • 283
    • 0023218939 scopus 로고
    • Trimethoprim prophylaxis of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19454
    • Liippo, K., Pelliniemi, T. T., and Lehto, H. Trimethoprim prophylaxis of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Medica Scandinavica , 455-459. 1987. Ref ID: 19454
    • (1987) Acta Medica Scandinavica , pp. 455-459
    • Liippo, K.1    Pelliniemi, T.T.2    Lehto, H.3
  • 284
    • 0347236922 scopus 로고
    • Long-continued treatment with tetracycline and prednisolone in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 19455
    • Moyes, E. N. and Kershaw, R. A. Long-continued treatment with tetracycline and prednisolone in chronic bronchitis. Lancet , 1187-1191. 1957. Ref ID: 19455
    • (1957) Lancet , pp. 1187-1191
    • Moyes, E.N.1    Kershaw, R.A.2
  • 285
    • 1542747338 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of continuous antibiotic therapy in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 19456
    • Murdoch, J. McC., Leckie, W. J. H., Downie, J., Swain, R. H. A., and Gould, J. C. An evaluation of continuous antibiotic therapy in chronic bronchitis. BMJ , 1277-1285. 1959. Ref ID: 19456
    • (1959) BMJ , pp. 1277-1285
    • Murdoch, J.McC.1    Leckie, W.J.H.2    Downie, J.3    Swain, R.H.A.4    Gould, J.C.5
  • 286
    • 1542642072 scopus 로고
    • A trial of continuous winter chemotherapy in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1376
    • Pridie R. A trial of continuous winter chemotherapy in chronic bronchitis. Lancet 1960. Ref ID: 1376
    • (1960) Lancet
    • Pridie, R.1
  • 287
    • 0014030552 scopus 로고
    • Value of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis. A report to the Medical Reserach Council by their Working Party on Trials of Chemotherapy in Early Chronic Bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 19451
    • Working Party of the Medical Research Council. Value of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis. A report to the Medical Reserach Council by their Working Party on Trials of Chemotherapy in Early Chronic Bronchitis. BMJ , 1317-1322. 1966. Ref ID: 19451
    • (1966) BMJ , pp. 1317-1322
  • 288
    • 0022588787 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral penicillin on pneumococcal carriage in elderly men with chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 154
    • Haas H, Morris JF, Samson S. Effect of oral penicillin on pneumococcal carriage in elderly men with chronic bronchitis. Clinical Therapeutics 1986;8:301-8. Ref ID: 154
    • (1986) Clinical Therapeutics , vol.8 , pp. 301-308
    • Haas, H.1    Morris, J.F.2    Samson, S.3
  • 290
    • 0014030552 scopus 로고
    • Value of Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis. A report to the Medical Research Council by their working party on trials of chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1317
    • MRC,.Fletcher. Value of Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis. A report to the Medical Research Council by their working party on trials of chemotherapy in early chronic bronchitis. BMJ 1966;1:1317-22. Ref ID: 1317
    • (1966) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1317-1322
    • Fletcher, M.R.C.1
  • 291
    • 0014214104 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trials of a sulphonamide given weekly to prevent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1377
    • Pines A. Controlled trials of a sulphonamide given weekly to prevent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. BMJ 1967. Ref ID: 1377
    • (1967) BMJ
    • Pines, A.1
  • 292
    • 0035857966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CONSORT statement: Revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials
    • Ref ID: 19292
    • Moher D, Schulz K, Altman D. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet 2001;357:1191-4. Ref ID: 19292
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1191-1194
    • Moher, D.1    Schulz, K.2    Altman, D.3
  • 294
    • 0019199756 scopus 로고
    • The use of erythromycin as prophylaxis in chronic bronchitis: A cohort study from general practice
    • Ref ID: 1273
    • Grob PR, White E, Gargan R, Gibbs FJ. The use of erythromycin as prophylaxis in chronic bronchitis: a cohort study from general practice. Journal of International Medical Research 1980;8:Suppl 2:47-50. Ref ID: 1273
    • (1980) Journal of International Medical Research , vol.8 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 47-50
    • Grob, P.R.1    White, E.2    Gargan, R.3    Gibbs, F.J.4
  • 295
    • 0016239541 scopus 로고
    • Chemoprophylaxis in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1278
    • Pugh DL, Holland EE. Chemoprophylaxis in chronic bronchitis. Antiseptic 1974;71:261-7. Ref ID: 1278
    • (1974) Antiseptic , vol.71 , pp. 261-267
    • Pugh, D.L.1    Holland, E.E.2
  • 296
    • 0038195353 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis in chronic respiratory diseases
    • Ref ID: 1370
    • McVay L. Antibiotic prophylaxis in chronic respiratory diseases. Arch Intern Med 1953;92:833-46. Ref ID: 1370
    • (1953) Arch Intern Med , vol.92 , pp. 833-846
    • McVay, L.1
  • 297
    • 0009670497 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prophylactic administration of tetracycline to chronic bronchitics
    • Ref ID: 1378
    • Buchanan J. Long-term prophylactic administration of tetracycline to chronic bronchitics. Lancet 1958. Ref ID: 1378
    • (1958) Lancet
    • Buchanan, J.1
  • 298
    • 0007970924 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1379
    • Cherniack N. Long-term treatment of bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis. Archives of Internal Medicine 1959;103:345-53. Ref ID: 1379
    • (1959) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.103 , pp. 345-353
    • Cherniack, N.1
  • 299
    • 73049149420 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of bronchitis. Influence of penicillin and tetracycline administered daily, or intermittently for exacerbations
    • Ref ID: 1381
    • Francis R. Chemotherapy of bronchitis. Influence of penicillin and tetracycline administered daily, or intermittently for exacerbations. BMJ 1961. Ref ID: 1381
    • (1961) BMJ
    • Francis, R.1
  • 300
    • 0016810971 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchitis comparing cotrimoxazole and amoxycillin
    • Ref ID: 1382
    • Cooper J, Inman J, Currie W. Prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchitis comparing cotrimoxazole and amoxycillin. British Journal of Clinical Practice 1975;29:307-10. Ref ID: 1382
    • (1975) British Journal of Clinical Practice , vol.29 , pp. 307-310
    • Cooper, J.1    Inman, J.2    Currie, W.3
  • 301
    • 1542432380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barts and The London. Ref ID: 19497
    • Specialist Nurse Innovations for COPD Review. Barts and The London. 2003. www.smd.gmul.ac.uk/gp/ copdreview/copdreview.html Ref ID: 19497
    • (2003) Specialist Nurse Innovations for COPD Review
  • 303
    • 0037317163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breathing retraining for dysfunctional breathing in asthma: A randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 19291
    • Thomas M, McKinley RK, Freeman E, Foy C, Prodger P, Price D. Breathing retraining for dysfunctional breathing in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2003;58:110-5. Ref ID: 19291
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 110-115
    • Thomas, M.1    McKinley, R.K.2    Freeman, E.3    Foy, C.4    Prodger, P.5    Price, D.6
  • 304
    • 0021320669 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chest wall vibrations on pulmonary function in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1353
    • Rivington-Law BA, Epstein SW, Thompson GL, Corey PN. Effect of chest wall vibrations on pulmonary function in chronic bronchitis. Chest. 1984;85:378-81. Ref ID: 1353
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 378-381
    • Rivington-Law, B.A.1    Epstein, S.W.2    Thompson, G.L.3    Corey, P.N.4
  • 306
    • 0021811550 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical vibration and conventional chest physiotherapy in outpatients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 1655
    • Mohsenifar Z, Rosenberg N, Goldberg HS, Koerner SK. Mechanical vibration and conventional chest physiotherapy in outpatients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest 1985;87:483-5. Ref ID: 1655
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , pp. 483-485
    • Mohsenifar, Z.1    Rosenberg, N.2    Goldberg, H.S.3    Koerner, S.K.4
  • 307
    • 0027939997 scopus 로고
    • Chest physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Forced expiratory technique combined with either postural drainage or positive expiratory pressure breathing
    • Ref ID: 1656
    • Olseni L, Midgren B, Hornblad Y, Wollmer P. Chest physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Forced expiratory technique combined with either postural drainage or positive expiratory pressure breathing. Respiratory Medicine 1994;88:435-40. Ref ID: 1656
    • (1994) Respiratory Medicine , vol.88 , pp. 435-440
    • Olseni, L.1    Midgren, B.2    Hornblad, Y.3    Wollmer, P.4
  • 308
    • 0033973060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of autogenic drainage and the active cycle of breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
    • Ref ID: 1658
    • Savci S, Ince DI, Arikan H. A comparison of autogenic drainage and the active cycle of breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 2000;20:37-43. Ref ID: 1658
    • (2000) Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , vol.20 , pp. 37-43
    • Savci, S.1    Ince, D.I.2    Arikan, H.3
  • 309
    • 0025781566 scopus 로고
    • Effect of positive expiratory pressure mask physiotherapy (PEP) versus forced expiration technique (FET/PD) on regional lung clearance in chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1660
    • Van Hengstum M, Festen J, Beurskens C, Hankel M, Beekman F, Corstens F. Effect of positive expiratory pressure mask physiotherapy (PEP) versus forced expiration technique (FET/PD) on regional lung clearance in chronic bronchitis. European Respiratory Journal 1991;4:651-4. Ref ID: 1660
    • (1991) European Respiratory Journal , vol.4 , pp. 651-654
    • Van Hengstum, M.1    Festen, J.2    Beurskens, C.3    Hankel, M.4    Beekman, F.5    Corstens, F.6
  • 310
    • 0024562689 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in oxygen saturation after chest physiotherapy in patients with emphysema
    • Ref ID: 1652
    • Kolaczkowski W, Taylor R, Hoffstein V. Improvement in oxygen saturation after chest physiotherapy in patients with emphysema. Physiotherapy Canada 1989;41:18-23. Ref ID: 1652
    • (1989) Physiotherapy Canada , vol.41 , pp. 18-23
    • Kolaczkowski, W.1    Taylor, R.2    Hoffstein, V.3
  • 311
    • 0025255370 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis with positive expiratory pressure mask and chest physiotherapy
    • Ref ID: 1651
    • Christensen EF, Nedergaard T, Dahl R. Long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis with positive expiratory pressure mask and chest physiotherapy. Chest 1990;97:645-50. Ref ID: 1651
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 645-650
    • Christensen, E.F.1    Nedergaard, T.2    Dahl, R.3
  • 312
    • 0019422038 scopus 로고
    • Effects of breathing retraining in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1645
    • Casciari RJ, Fairshter RD, Harrison A. Effects of breathing retraining in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1981;79:393-8. Ref ID: 1645
    • (1981) Chest , vol.79 , pp. 393-398
    • Casciari, R.J.1    Fairshter, R.D.2    Harrison, A.3
  • 313
    • 0032795325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review
    • Ref ID: 877
    • van Ede L, Yzermans CJ, Brouwer HJ. Prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Thorax 1999;54:688-92. Ref ID: 877
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 688-692
    • Van Ede, L.1    Yzermans, C.J.2    Brouwer, H.J.3
  • 314
    • 0036020609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The most effective psychologically-based treatments to reduce anxiety and panic in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review
    • Ref ID: 1239
    • Rose C, Wallace L, Dickson R, Ayres J, Lehman R, Searle Y et al. The most effective psychologically-based treatments to reduce anxiety and panic in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review. Patient Education & Counseling 2002;47:311-8. Ref ID: 1239
    • (2002) Patient Education & Counseling , vol.47 , pp. 311-318
    • Rose, C.1    Wallace, L.2    Dickson, R.3    Ayres, J.4    Lehman, R.5    Searle, Y.6
  • 315
    • 0026563091 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortripryline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease
    • Ref ID: 121
    • Borson S, McDonald GJ, Gayle T, Deffenbach MPHM, Lakshminarayan S, Vantuinen C. Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortripryline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease. Psychosomatics 1992;33:190-201. Ref ID: 121
    • (1992) Psychosomatics , vol.33 , pp. 190-201
    • Borson, S.1    McDonald, G.J.2    Gayle, T.3    Deffenbach, M.P.H.M.4    Lakshminarayan, S.5    Vantuinen, C.6
  • 316
    • 0035004118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One session cognitive behavioural therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 412
    • Kunik ME, Braun U, Stanley MA, Wristers K, Molinari V, Stoebner D et al. One session cognitive behavioural therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychological Medicine 2001;31:717-23. Ref ID: 412
    • (2001) Psychological Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 717-723
    • Kunik, M.E.1    Braun, U.2    Stanley, M.A.3    Wristers, K.4    Molinari, V.5    Stoebner, D.6
  • 317
    • 0022996163 scopus 로고
    • Effect of alprazolam on exercise and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1566
    • Man GC, Hsu K, Sproule BJ. Effect of alprazolam on exercise and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1986;90:832-6. Ref ID: 1566
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , pp. 832-836
    • Man, G.C.1    Hsu, K.2    Sproule, B.J.3
  • 318
    • 0036859154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral improvement after brief rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1563
    • Kozora E, Vu TZ, Make B. Neurobehavioral improvement after brief rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 2002;22:426-30. Ref ID: 1563
    • (2002) Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , vol.22 , pp. 426-430
    • Kozora, E.1    Vu, T.Z.2    Make, B.3
  • 319
    • 0036257567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants
    • Ref ID: 1576
    • van Manen JG, Bindels PJ, Dekker FW, IJzermans CJ, van der Zee JS, Schade E. Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants. Thorax. 2002;57:412-6. Ref ID: 1576
    • (2002) Thorax. , vol.57 , pp. 412-416
    • Van Manen, J.G.1    Bindels, P.J.2    Dekker, F.W.3    Ijzermans, C.J.4    Van Der Zee, J.S.5    Schade, E.6
  • 320
    • 0031970170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression in elderly outpatients with disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1581
    • Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Baldwin RC, Connolly MJ. Depression in elderly outpatients with disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Age & Ageing 1998;27:155-60. Ref ID: 1581
    • (1998) Age & Ageing , vol.27 , pp. 155-160
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Roomi, J.2    Baldwin, R.C.3    Connolly, M.J.4
  • 321
    • 0034513209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire
    • Ref ID: 1358
    • Yohannes AM, Baldwin RC, Connolly MJ. Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2000;15:1090-6. Ref ID: 1358
    • (2000) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 1090-1096
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Baldwin, R.C.2    Connolly, M.J.3
  • 322
    • 0035066852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1564
    • Lacasse Y, Rousseau L, Maltais F. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 2001;21:80-6. Ref ID: 1564
    • (2001) Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , vol.21 , pp. 80-86
    • Lacasse, Y.1    Rousseau, L.2    Maltais, F.3
  • 323
    • 0036263559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of anxiety, depression and living alone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1553
    • Crockett AJ, Cranston JM, Moss JR, Alpers JH. The impact of anxiety, depression and living alone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Quality of Life Research. 2002;11:309-16. Ref ID: 1553
    • (2002) Quality of Life Research , vol.11 , pp. 309-316
    • Crockett, A.J.1    Cranston, J.M.2    Moss, J.R.3    Alpers, J.H.4
  • 324
    • 0035850775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study
    • Ref ID: 1555
    • Dowson C, Laing R, Barraclough R, Town I, Mulder R, Norris K et al. The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. New Zealand Medical Journal. 2001;114:447-9. Ref ID: 1555
    • (2001) New Zealand Medical Journal , vol.114 , pp. 447-449
    • Dowson, C.1    Laing, R.2    Barraclough, R.3    Town, I.4    Mulder, R.5    Norris, K.6
  • 325
    • 0033364541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and depression in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation
    • Ref ID: 1577
    • Withers NJ, Rudkin ST, White RJ. Anxiety and depression in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 1999;19:362-5. Ref ID: 1577
    • (1999) Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , vol.19 , pp. 362-365
    • Withers, N.J.1    Rudkin, S.T.2    White, R.J.3
  • 326
    • 0036224624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality predictors in disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in old age
    • Ref ID: 1579
    • Yohannes AM, Baldwin RC, Connolly M. Mortality predictors in disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in old age. Age & Ageing. 2002;31:137-40. Ref ID: 1579
    • (2002) Age & Ageing , vol.31 , pp. 137-140
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Baldwin, R.C.2    Connolly, M.3
  • 327
    • 0020527558 scopus 로고
    • The hospital anxiety and depression scale
    • Ref ID: 19293
    • Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr. Scand 1983;67:361-70. Ref ID: 19293
    • (1983) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.67 , pp. 361-370
    • Zigmond, A.S.1    Snaith, R.P.2
  • 328
    • 0029910318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does long-term oxygen therapy affect quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe hypoxaemia?
    • Ref ID: 1761
    • Okubadejo AA, Paul EA, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Does long-term oxygen therapy affect quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe hypoxaemia? European Respiratory Journal 1996;9:2335-9. Ref ID: 1761
    • (1996) European Respiratory Journal , vol.9 , pp. 2335-2339
    • Okubadejo, A.A.1    Paul, E.A.2    Jones, P.W.3    Wedzicha, J.A.4
  • 329
    • 0035009829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A feasibility study of antidepressant drug therapy in depressed elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1102
    • Yohannes AM, Connolly MJ, Baldwin RC. A feasibility study of antidepressant drug therapy in depressed elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2001;16:451-4. Ref ID: 1102
    • (2001) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 451-454
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Connolly, M.J.2    Baldwin, R.C.3
  • 330
    • 0034525067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional abnormalities and supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 850
    • Schols AM, Wouters EF. Nutritional abnormalities and supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med 2000;21:753-62. Ref ID: 850
    • (2000) Clin Chest Med , vol.21 , pp. 753-762
    • Schols, A.M.1    Wouters, E.F.2
  • 331
    • 0035218680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 341
    • Agusti AG. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novartis Found Symp 2001;234:242-9. Ref ID: 341
    • (2001) Novartis Found Symp , vol.234 , pp. 242-249
    • Agusti, A.G.1
  • 334
    • 0036586882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual dietary intervention in patients with COPD during multidisciplinary rehabilitation
    • Ref ID: 1514
    • Slinde F, Gronberg AM, Engstrom CR, Rossander-Hulthen L, Larsson S. Individual dietary intervention in patients with COPD during multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Respiratory Medicine. 2002;96:330-6. Ref ID: 1514
    • (2002) Respiratory Medicine , vol.96 , pp. 330-336
    • Slinde, F.1    Gronberg, A.M.2    Engstrom, C.R.3    Rossander-Hulthen, L.4    Larsson, S.5
  • 335
    • 0024426189 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional state and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Ref ID: 281
    • Schols AMWJ, Mostert R, Soeters PB, Greve LH, Wouters EFM. Nutritional state and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Thorax 1989;44:937-41. Ref ID: 281
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , pp. 937-941
    • Schols, A.M.W.J.1    Mostert, R.2    Soeters, P.B.3    Greve, L.H.4    Wouters, E.F.M.5
  • 336
    • 0031450332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peak exercise response in relation to tissue depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1587
    • Baarends EM, Schols AM, Mostert R, Wouters EF. Peak exercise response in relation to tissue depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal. 1997;10:2807-13. Ref ID: 1587
    • (1997) European Respiratory Journal , vol.10 , pp. 2807-2813
    • Baarends, E.M.1    Schols, A.M.2    Mostert, R.3    Wouters, E.F.4
  • 337
    • 0028143215 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional depletion in relation to respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscle function in out-patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 1591
    • Engelen MP, Schols AM, Baken WC, Wesseling GJ, Wouters EF. Nutritional depletion in relation to respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscle function in out-patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 1994;7:1793-7. Ref ID: 1591
    • (1994) European Respiratory Journal , vol.7 , pp. 1793-1797
    • Engelen, M.P.1    Schols, A.M.2    Baken, W.C.3    Wesseling, G.J.4    Wouters, E.F.5
  • 339
    • 0037106368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1598
    • Marquis K, Debigare R, Lacasse Y, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, Carrier G et al. Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine. 2002;166:809-13. Ref ID: 1598
    • (2002) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.166 , pp. 809-813
    • Marquis, K.1    Debigare, R.2    Lacasse, Y.3    LeBlanc, P.4    Jobin, J.5    Carrier, G.6
  • 340
    • 0036739823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Ref ID: 1603
    • Prescott E, Almdal T, Mikkelsen KL, Tofteng CL, Vestbo J, Lange P. Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Respiratory Journal. 2002;20:539-44. Ref ID: 1603
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 539-544
    • Prescott, E.1    Almdal, T.2    Mikkelsen, K.L.3    Tofteng, C.L.4    Vestbo, J.5    Lange, P.6
  • 341
    • 0027247516 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric and pulmonary function test profiles of outpatients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1605
    • Sahebjami H, Doers JT, Render ML, Bond TL. Anthropometric and pulmonary function test profiles of outpatients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Medicine 1993;94:469-74. Ref ID: 1605
    • (1993) American Journal of Medicine , vol.94 , pp. 469-474
    • Sahebjami, H.1    Doers, J.T.2    Render, M.L.3    Bond, T.L.4
  • 342
    • 0024371064 scopus 로고
    • Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial
    • Ref ID: 1610
    • Wilson DO, Rogers RM, Wright EC, Anthonisen NR. Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1989;139:1435-8. Ref ID: 1610
    • (1989) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.139 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Wilson, D.O.1    Rogers, R.M.2    Wright, E.C.3    Anthonisen, N.R.4
  • 343
    • 0024836343 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nutritional status on exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1613
    • Gray-Donald K, Gibbons L, Shapiro SH, Martin JG. Effect of nutritional status on exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1989;140:1544-8. Ref ID: 1613
    • (1989) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.140 , pp. 1544-1548
    • Gray-Donald, K.1    Gibbons, L.2    Shapiro, S.H.3    Martin, J.G.4
  • 345
    • 0034026787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of body weight on the severity of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1616
    • Sahebjami H, Sathianpitayakul E. Influence of body weight on the severity of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 2000;161:886-90. Ref ID: 1616
    • (2000) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.161 , pp. 886-890
    • Sahebjami, H.1    Sathianpitayakul, E.2
  • 347
    • 0029063454 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional state and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD
    • Ref ID: 1601
    • Palange P, Forte S, Felli A, Galassetti P, Serra P, Carlone S. Nutritional state and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. Chest 1995;107:1206-12. Ref ID: 1601
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 1206-1212
    • Palange, P.1    Forte, S.2    Felli, A.3    Galassetti, P.4    Serra, P.5    Carlone, S.6
  • 348
    • 0026482726 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic effects of oral supplemental feeding in malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized control study
    • Ref ID: 1612
    • Rogers RM, Donahoe M, Costantino J. Physiologic effects of oral supplemental feeding in malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized control study. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1992;146:1511-7. Ref ID: 1612
    • (1992) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.146 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Rogers, R.M.1    Donahoe, M.2    Costantino, J.3
  • 350
    • 0036163739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical audit indicators of outcome following admission to hospital with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19252
    • Roberts CM, Lowe D, Bucknall CE, Ryland I, Kelly Y, Pearson MG. Clinical audit indicators of outcome following admission to hospital with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002;57:137-41. Ref ID: 19252
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 137-141
    • Roberts, C.M.1    Lowe, D.2    Bucknall, C.E.3    Ryland, I.4    Kelly, Y.5    Pearson, M.G.6
  • 352
    • 0034883355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPs' views of discussions of prognosis in severe COPD
    • Ref ID: 117
    • Elkington H, White P, Higgs R, Pettinari CJ. GPs' views of discussions of prognosis in severe COPD. Family Practice 2001;18:440-4. Ref ID: 117
    • (2001) Family Practice , vol.18 , pp. 440-444
    • Elkington, H.1    White, P.2    Higgs, R.3    Pettinari, C.J.4
  • 353
    • 0030067309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do physicians tell patients with end-stage COPD about intubation and mechanical ventilation?
    • Ref ID: 1528
    • Sullivan KE, Hebert PC, Logan J, O'Connor AM, McNeely PD. What do physicians tell patients with end-stage COPD about intubation and mechanical ventilation? Chest. 1996;109:258-64. Ref ID: 1528
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 258-264
    • Sullivan, K.E.1    Hebert, P.C.2    Logan, J.3    O'Connor, A.M.4    McNeely, P.D.5
  • 354
    • 1542537209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus on palliative care. Palliative care: The situation of people with chronic respiratory disease
    • Ref ID: 1545
    • Rhodes P. Focus on palliative care. Palliative care: the situation of people with chronic respiratory disease. British Journal of Community Nursing 1999;4:131-6. Ref ID: 1545
    • (1999) British Journal of Community Nursing , vol.4 , pp. 131-136
    • Rhodes, P.1
  • 355
    • 0030478140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes regarding advance directives among patients in pulmonary rehabilitation
    • Ref ID: 1717
    • Heffner JE, Fahy B, Hilling L, Barbieri C. Attitudes regarding advance directives among patients in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:1735-40. Ref ID: 1717
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1735-1740
    • Heffner, J.E.1    Fahy, B.2    Hilling, L.3    Barbieri, C.4
  • 356
    • 0030005967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of theophylline and ipratropium on cognition in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 145
    • Ramsdell JW, Henderson S, Renvall MJ, Salmon DP, Ferguson P. Effects of theophylline and ipratropium on cognition in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology 1996;76:335-40. Ref ID: 145
    • (1996) Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology , vol.76 , pp. 335-340
    • Ramsdell, J.W.1    Henderson, S.2    Renvall, M.J.3    Salmon, D.P.4    Ferguson, P.5
  • 358
    • 0031694598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elderly people at home disabled by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19295
    • Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Connolly MJ. Elderly people at home disabled by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Age Ageing 1998;27:523-5. Ref ID: 19295
    • (1998) Age Ageing , vol.27 , pp. 523-525
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Roomi, J.2    Connolly, M.J.3
  • 359
    • 0036751095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire as a postal questionnaire
    • Ref ID: 19296
    • Yohannes AM, Greenwood YA, Connolly MJ. Reliability of the Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire as a postal questionnaire. Age Ageing 2002;31:355-8. Ref ID: 19296
    • (2002) Age Ageing , vol.31 , pp. 355-358
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Greenwood, Y.A.2    Connolly, M.J.3
  • 360
    • 0033773634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire: Development, reliability, validity, and responsiveness to pulmonary rehabilitation
    • Ref ID: 19297
    • Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Winn S, Connolly MJ. The Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire: development, reliability, validity, and responsiveness to pulmonary rehabilitation J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1496-500. Ref ID: 19297
    • (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.48 , pp. 1496-1500
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Roomi, J.2    Winn, S.3    Connolly, M.J.4
  • 361
    • 0033890194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a standardized measure of activity of daily living in patients with severe COPD: The London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL)
    • Ref ID: 5650
    • Garrod R, Bestall JC, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA, Jones PW. Development and validation of a standardized measure of activity of daily living in patients with severe COPD: the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL). Respir Med 2000;94:589-96. Ref ID: 5650
    • (2000) Respir Med , vol.94 , pp. 589-596
    • Garrod, R.1    Bestall, J.C.2    Paul, E.A.3    Wedzicha, J.A.4    Jones, P.W.5
  • 362
    • 0036737568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the reliability and sensitivity of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL)
    • Ref ID: 5654
    • Garrod R, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. An evaluation of the reliability and sensitivity of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL). Respir Med 2002;96:725-30. Ref ID: 5654
    • (2002) Respir Med , vol.96 , pp. 725-730
    • Garrod, R.1    Paul, E.A.2    Wedzicha, J.A.3
  • 363
    • 0028072232 scopus 로고
    • Pilot testing of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Clinical and measurement issues
    • Ref ID: 9372
    • Law M, Polatajko H, Pollock N, McColl MA, Carswell A, Baptiste S. Pilot testing of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: clinical and measurement issues. Can J Occup Ther 1994;61:191-7. Ref ID: 9372
    • (1994) Can J Occup Ther , vol.61 , pp. 191-197
    • Law, M.1    Polatajko, H.2    Pollock, N.3    Ma, M.4    Carswell, A.5    Baptiste, S.6
  • 364
    • 0034935062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Is it a reliable measure in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
    • Ref ID: 19495
    • Sewell L, Singh SJ. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Is it a reliable measure in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2001;64:305-10. Ref ID: 19495
    • (2001) British Journal of Occupational Therapy , vol.64 , pp. 305-310
    • Sewell, L.1    Singh, S.J.2
  • 365
    • 0036220950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel: British Thoracic Society recommendations
    • Ref ID: 19298
    • Managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel: British Thoracic Society recommendations. Thorax 2002;57:289-304. Ref ID: 19298
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 289-304
  • 366
    • 0031800737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal air embolism in an airplane passenger with a giant intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst
    • Ref ID: 19299
    • Zaugg M, Kaplan V, Widmer U, Baumann PC, Russi EW. Fatal air embolism in an airplane passenger with a giant intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1686-9. Ref ID: 19299
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1686-1689
    • Zaugg, M.1    Kaplan, V.2    Widmer, U.3    Baumann, P.C.4    Russi, E.W.5
  • 367
    • 0028929969 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of dyspnea in COPD. A controlled clinical trial of dyspnea management strategies
    • Ref ID: 62
    • Sassi-Dambron DE, Eakin EG, Ries AL, Kaplan RM. Treatment of dyspnea in COPD. A controlled clinical trial of dyspnea management strategies. Chest 1995;107:724-9. Ref ID: 62
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 724-729
    • Sassi-Dambron, D.E.1    Eakin, E.G.2    Ries, A.L.3    Kaplan, R.M.4
  • 368
    • 0022521893 scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive airway disease. Impact of health education
    • Ref ID: 103
    • Rowland J, Nelson EC, Barlow PB, McHugo G, Meier FA, Brent P et al. Chronic obstructive airway disease. Impact of health education. Chest 1986;90:233-8. Ref ID: 103
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , pp. 233-238
    • Rowland, J.1    Nelson, E.C.2    Barlow, P.B.3    McHugo, G.4    Meier, F.A.5    Brent, P.6
  • 369
    • 0033034471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life assessment after patient education in a randomized controlled study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 113
    • Gallefoss F, Bakke PS, Rsgaard PK. Quality of life assessment after patient education in a randomized controlled study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1999;159:812-7. Ref ID: 113
    • (1999) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.159 , pp. 812-817
    • Gallefoss, F.1    Bakke, P.S.2    Rsgaard, P.K.3
  • 370
    • 0033452079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does patient education and self-management among asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affect medication?
    • Ref ID: 114
    • Gallefoss F, Bakke PS. How does patient education and self-management among asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affect medication? American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1999;160:2000-5. Ref ID: 114
    • (1999) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.160 , pp. 2000-2005
    • Gallefoss, F.1    Bakke, P.S.2
  • 371
    • 0030297863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the effects of psychoeducational care in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 78
    • Devine EC, Pearcy J. Meta-analysis of the effects of psychoeducational care in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patient Education & Counseling 1996;29:167-78. Ref ID: 78
    • (1996) Patient Education & Counseling , vol.29 , pp. 167-178
    • Devine, E.C.1    Pearcy, J.2
  • 373
    • 0037429632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of hospital utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A disease-specific self- management intervention
    • Ref ID: 1712
    • Bourbeau J, Julien M, Maltais F, Rouleau M, Beaupre A, Begin R et al. Reduction of hospital utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A disease-specific self-management intervention. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003;163:585-91. Ref ID: 1712
    • (2003) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.163 , pp. 585-591
    • Bourbeau, J.1    Julien, M.2    Maltais, F.3    Rouleau, M.4    Beaupre, A.5    Begin, R.6
  • 374
    • 0031807054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1076
    • Emery CF, Schein RL, Hauck ER, Maclntyre NR. Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Health Psychology 1998;17:232-40. Ref ID: 1076
    • (1998) Health Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 232-240
    • Emery, C.F.1    Schein, R.L.2    Hauck, E.R.3    Maclntyre, N.R.4
  • 375
    • 0025118585 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled evaluation of a psychosocial intervention in adults with chronic lung disease
    • Ref ID: 1800
    • Blake RL, Jr., Vandiver TA, Braun S, Bertuso DD, Straub V. A randomized controlled evaluation of a psychosocial intervention in adults with chronic lung disease. Fam.Med 1990;22:365-70. Ref ID: 1800
    • (1990) Fam. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 365-370
    • Blake Jr., R.L.1    Vandiver, T.A.2    Braun, S.3    Bertuso, D.D.4    Straub, V.5
  • 376
    • 0025779074 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a respiratory health worker in reducing impairment, disability, and handicap due to chronic airflow limitation
    • Ref ID: 1801
    • Littlejohns P, Baveystock CM, Parnell H, Jones PW. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a respiratory health worker in reducing impairment, disability, and handicap due to chronic airflow limitation. Thorax 1991;46:559-64. Ref ID: 1801
    • (1991) Thorax , vol.46 , pp. 559-564
    • Littlejohns, P.1    Baveystock, C.M.2    Parnell, H.3    Jones, P.W.4
  • 377
    • 0023066589 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of respiratory health worker visiting patients with chronic respiratory disability
    • Ref ID: 1803
    • Cockcroft A, Bagnall P, Heslop A, Andersson N, Heaton R, Batstone J et al. Controlled trial of respiratory health worker visiting patients with chronic respiratory disability. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:225-8. Ref ID: 1803
    • (1987) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.294 , pp. 225-228
    • Cockcroft, A.1    Bagnall, P.2    Heslop, A.3    Andersson, N.4    Heaton, R.5    Batstone, J.6
  • 378
  • 381
    • 0034079106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of patient education and self-management on morbidity in asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1802
    • Gallefoss F, Bakke PS. Impact of patient education and self-management on morbidity in asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2000;94:279-87. Ref ID: 1802
    • (2000) Respir Med , vol.94 , pp. 279-287
    • Gallefoss, F.1    Bakke, P.S.2
  • 384
    • 0015966253 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients using the vitalograph
    • Ref ID: 665
    • Appleberg M, Gordon L, Fatti LP. Preoperative pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients using the vitalograph. Br J Surg 1974;61:57-9. Ref ID: 665
    • (1974) Br J Surg , vol.61 , pp. 57-59
    • Appleberg, M.1    Gordon, L.2    Fatti, L.P.3
  • 385
    • 0029990012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of preoperative spirometry to predict postoperative pulmonary complications
    • Ref ID: 1807
    • Kocabas A, Kara K, Ozgur G, Sonmez H, Burgut R. Value of preoperative spirometry to predict postoperative pulmonary complications. Respir Med 1996;90:25-33. Ref ID: 1807
    • (1996) Respir Med , vol.90 , pp. 25-33
    • Kocabas, A.1    Kara, K.2    Ozgur, G.3    Sonmez, H.4    Burgut, R.5
  • 386
    • 0021249813 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive spirometry, and deep breathing exercises in preventing pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery
    • Ref ID: 2844
    • Celli BR, Rodriguez KS, Snider GL. A controlled trial of intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive spirometry, and deep breathing exercises in preventing pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:12-5. Ref ID: 2844
    • (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.130 , pp. 12-15
    • Celli, B.R.1    Rodriguez, K.S.2    Snider, G.L.3
  • 387
    • 0001109910 scopus 로고
    • Grading of patients for surgical procedures
    • Ref ID: 14590
    • Saklad M. Grading of patients for surgical procedures. Anaesthesiology 1941;2:281-4. Ref ID: 14590
    • (1941) Anaesthesiology , vol.2 , pp. 281-284
    • Saklad, M.1
  • 388
    • 0034064973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations
    • Ref ID: 30
    • Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations. Chest 2000;117:3985-401S. Ref ID: 30
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 3985-401S
    • Rodriguez-Roisin, R.1
  • 392
    • 0036794862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19253
    • Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha JA. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002;57:847-52. Ref ID: 19253
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 847-852
    • Donaldson, G.C.1    Seemungal, T.A.2    Bhowmik, A.3    Wedzicha, J.A.4
  • 395
    • 0001009624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care costs of treating exacerbations of COPD
    • Ref ID: 19322
    • Price MJ, Hurrell C. Health care costs of treating exacerbations of COPD. European Respiratory Journal 1999;14. Ref ID: 19322
    • (1999) European Respiratory Journal , vol.14
    • Price, M.J.1    Hurrell, C.2
  • 396
    • 0036257571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exacerbations: Etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms
    • Ref ID: 19254
    • Wedzicha JA. Exacerbations: etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Chest 2002;121(5):136S-141S. Ref ID: 19254
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , Issue.5
    • Wedzicha, J.A.1
  • 397
    • 0032551168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by an acute respiratory assessment service
    • Ref ID: 19
    • Gravil JH, Al Rawas OA, Cotton MM, Flanigan U, Irwin A, Stevenson RD. Home treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by an acute respiratory assessment service. Lancet 1998;351:1853-5. Ref ID: 19
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1853-1855
    • Gravil, J.H.1    Al Rawas, O.A.2    Cotton, M.M.3    Flanigan, U.4    Irwin, A.5    Stevenson, R.D.6
  • 398
    • 0033758008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assisted discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Safe and effective
    • Ref ID: 19439
    • Killen J, Ellis H. Assisted discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: safe and effective. Thorax 2000;55:885. Ref ID: 19439
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 885
    • Killen, J.1    Ellis, H.2
  • 399
    • 0033623271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of supported discharge in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 221
    • Skwarska E, Cohen G, Skwarski KM, Lamb C, Bushell D, Parker S et al. Randomised controlled trial of supported discharge in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2000;55:907-12. Ref ID: 221
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 907-912
    • Skwarska, E.1    Cohen, G.2    Skwarski, K.M.3    Lamb, C.4    Bushell, D.5    Parker, S.6
  • 400
    • 0034684455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hospital at home" versus hospital care in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prospective randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1059
    • Davies L, Wilkinson M, Bonner S, Calverley PM, Angus RM. "Hospital at home" versus hospital care in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000;321:1265-8. Ref ID: 1059
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1265-1268
    • Davies, L.1    Wilkinson, M.2    Bonner, S.3    Calverley, P.M.4    Angus, R.M.5
  • 401
    • 0036164428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' and carers' preferences in two models of care for acute exacerbations of COPD: Results of a randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1130
    • Ojoo JC, Moon T, McGlone S, Martin K, Gardiner ED, Greenstone MA et al. Patients' and carers' preferences in two models of care for acute exacerbations of COPD: results of a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2002;57:167-9. Ref ID: 1130
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 167-169
    • Ojoo, J.C.1    Moon, T.2    McGlone, S.3    Martin, K.4    Gardiner, E.D.5    Greenstone, M.A.6
  • 405
    • 0033758128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 220
    • Cotton MM, Bucknall CE, Dagg KD, Johnson MK, MacGregor G, Stewart C et al. Early discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2000;55:902-6. Ref ID: 220
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 902-906
    • Cotton, M.M.1    Bucknall, C.E.2    Dagg, K.D.3    Johnson, M.K.4    MacGregor, G.5    Stewart, C.6
  • 406
    • 0032513920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial comparing hospital at home care with inpatient hospital care. I: Three month follow up of health outcomes
    • Ref ID: 838
    • Shepperd S, Harwood D, Jenkinson C, Gray A, Vessey M, Morgan P. Randomised controlled trial comparing hospital at home care with inpatient hospital care. I: three month follow up of health outcomes. British Medical Journal 1998;316:1786-91. Ref ID: 838
    • (1998) British Medical Journal , vol.316 , pp. 1786-1791
    • Shepperd, S.1    Harwood, D.2    Jenkinson, C.3    Gray, A.4    Vessey, M.5    Morgan, P.6
  • 409
    • 0035235364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1364
    • Wood-Baker R, Walters EH, Gibson P. Oral corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1364
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Wood-Baker, R.1    Walters, E.H.2    Gibson, P.3
  • 410
    • 0037049349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid therapy for pts with acute exacerbations of COPD: A systematic review
    • Ref ID: 1484
    • Singh JM, Palda VA, Stanbrook MB, Chapman KR. Corticosteroid therapy for pts with acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162:2527-36. Ref ID: 1484
    • (2002) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.162 , pp. 2527-2536
    • Singh, J.M.1    Palda, V.A.2    Stanbrook, M.B.3    Chapman, K.R.4
  • 411
  • 412
    • 0036499526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1362
    • Maltais F, Ostinelli J, Bourbeau J, Tonnel AB, Jacquemet N, Haddon J et al. Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 2002;165:698-703. Ref ID: 1362
    • (2002) American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , vol.165 , pp. 698-703
    • Maltais, F.1    Ostinelli, J.2    Bourbeau, J.3    Tonnel, A.B.4    Jacquemet, N.5    Haddon, J.6
  • 413
    • 0033533144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 217
    • Davies L, Angus RM, Calverley PMA. Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;354:456-60. Ref ID: 217
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 456-460
    • Davies, L.1    Angus, R.M.2    Calverley, P.M.A.3
  • 416
    • 0018825423 scopus 로고
    • Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency
    • Ref ID: 1359
    • Albert RK, Martin TR, Lewis SW. Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1980;92:753-8. Ref ID: 1359
    • (1980) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.92 , pp. 753-758
    • Albert, R.K.1    Martin, T.R.2    Lewis, S.W.3
  • 417
    • 0034047904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Ref ID: 17
    • Stockley RA, O'Brien C, Pye A, Hill SL. Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2000;117:1638-45. Ref ID: 17
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1638-1645
    • Stockley, R.A.1    O'Brien, C.2    Pye, A.3    Hill, S.L.4
  • 418
    • 1542432386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults
    • SIGN. Ref ID: 1316
    • SIGN. Community Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults. SIGN publication No 59. 2002. SIGN. Ref ID: 1316
    • (2002) SIGN Publication No 59
  • 419
  • 420
    • 0035894617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 349
    • Nouira S, Marghli S, Belghith M, Besbes L, Elatrous S, Abroug F. Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;358(9298):2020-2025. Ref ID: 349
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9298 , pp. 2020-2025
    • Nouira, S.1    Marghli, S.2    Belghith, M.3    Besbes, L.4    Elatrous, S.5    Abroug, F.6
  • 421
    • 0034502830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient antibiotic therapy and short term mortality in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 416
    • Sin DD, Tu JV. Outpatient antibiotic therapy and short term mortality in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2000;7:466-71. Ref ID: 416
    • (2000) Canadian Respiratory Journal , vol.7 , pp. 466-471
    • Sin, D.D.1    Tu, J.V.2
  • 422
    • 0034968423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity of disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: A re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study
    • Ref ID: 1151
    • Allegra L, Blasi F, de Bernardi B, Cosentini R, Tarsia P. Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity of disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2001;14:149-55. Ref ID: 1151
    • (2001) Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.14 , pp. 149-155
    • Allegra, L.1    Blasi, F.2    De Bernardi, B.3    Cosentini, R.4    Tarsia, P.5
  • 425
    • 0000373392 scopus 로고
    • Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: Treatment with oxytetracycline
    • Ref ID: 19275
    • Berry DG, Fry J, Hindley CP. Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: treatment with oxytetracycline. Lancet 1960;1:137-9. Ref ID: 19275
    • (1960) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 137-139
    • Berry, D.G.1    Fry, J.2    Hindley, C.P.3
  • 427
    • 0036236845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: A pharmacoeconomic review of antibacterial use
    • Ref ID: 19271
    • Morris S, Anderson P, Irwin DE. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a pharmacoeconomic review of antibacterial use. Pharmacoeconomics 2002;20:153-68. Ref ID: 19271
    • (2002) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.20 , pp. 153-168
    • Morris, S.1    Anderson, P.2    Irwin, D.E.3
  • 428
    • 0029055257 scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of alternative antibiotic regimens in the management of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 19272
    • Backhouse R, Shakespeare A, Hutton J. Economic evaluation of alternative antibiotic regimens in the management of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. British Journal of Medical Economics 1995;8:1-25. Ref ID: 19272
    • (1995) British Journal of Medical Economics , vol.8 , pp. 1-25
    • Backhouse, R.1    Shakespeare, A.2    Hutton, J.3
  • 429
    • 0032733627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of ciprofloxacin compared with usual antibacterial care for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients followed for 1 year
    • Ref ID: 19273
    • Torrance G, Walker V, Grossman R, Mukherjee J, Vaughan D, La Forge J et al. Economic evaluation of ciprofloxacin compared with usual antibacterial care for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients followed for 1 year. Pharmacoeconomics 1999;16:499-520. Ref ID: 19273
    • (1999) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.16 , pp. 499-520
    • Torrance, G.1    Walker, V.2    Grossman, R.3    Mukherjee, J.4    Vaughan, D.5    La Forge, J.6
  • 430
    • 0017888527 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aminophylline on ventilatory responses in normal man
    • Ref ID: 19440
    • Lakshminarayan S, Sahn SA, Weil JV. Effect of aminophylline on ventilatory responses in normal man. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;117:33-8. Ref ID: 19440
    • (1978) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.117 , pp. 33-38
    • Lakshminarayan, S.1    Sahn, S.A.2    Weil, J.V.3
  • 431
    • 0018963633 scopus 로고
    • Increased hypoxic ventilatory drive due to administration of aminophylline in normal men
    • Ref ID: 19441
    • Sanders JS, Berman TM, Bartlett MM, Kronenberg RS. Increased hypoxic ventilatory drive due to administration of aminophylline in normal men. Chest 1980;78:279-82. Ref ID: 19441
    • (1980) Chest , vol.78 , pp. 279-282
    • Sanders, J.S.1    Berman, T.M.2    Bartlett, M.M.3    Kronenberg, R.S.4
  • 432
    • 0023006897 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19442
    • Sharp JT. Theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:800-5. Ref ID: 19442
    • (1986) Journal Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.78 , pp. 800-805
    • Sharp, J.T.1
  • 433
    • 0035229105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 859
    • Barr RG, Rowe BH, Camargo CA, Jr. Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 859
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Barr, R.G.1    Rowe, B.H.2    Camargo Jr., C.A.3
  • 434
    • 0025678607 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline in the outpatient management of decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 93
    • Murata GH, Gorby MS, Chick TW, Halperin AK. Aminophylline in the outpatient management of decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1990;98:1346-50. Ref ID: 93
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 1346-1350
    • Murata, G.H.1    Gorby, M.S.2    Chick, T.W.3    Halperin, A.K.4
  • 435
    • 0024399378 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of theophylline in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease
    • Ref ID: 201
    • Murciano D, Auclair MH, Pariente R, Aubier M. A randomized, controlled trial of theophylline in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1989;320:1521-5. Ref ID: 201
    • (1989) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.320 , pp. 1521-1525
    • Murciano, D.1    Auclair, M.H.2    Pariente, R.3    Aubier, M.4
  • 436
    • 0026875596 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenously administered aminophylline on ventilation/perfusion inequality during recovery from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1106
    • Barbera JA, Reyes A, Roca J, Montserrat JM, Wagner PD, Rodriguez RR. Effect of intravenously administered aminophylline on ventilation/perfusion inequality during recovery from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1992;145:1328-33. Ref ID: 1106
    • (1992) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.145 , pp. 1328-1333
    • Barbera, J.A.1    Reyes, A.2    Roca, J.3    Montserrat, J.M.4    Wagner, P.D.5    Rodriguez, R.R.6
  • 437
    • 0023263423 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1110
    • Rice KL, Leatherman JW, Duane PG, Snyder LS, Harmon KR, Abel J et al. Aminophylline for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1987;107:305-9. Ref ID: 1110
    • (1987) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.107 , pp. 305-309
    • Rice, K.L.1    Leatherman, J.W.2    Duane, P.G.3    Snyder, L.S.4    Harmon, K.R.5    Abel, J.6
  • 438
    • 0021367702 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous aminophylline in the treatment of acute bronchospastic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1111
    • Seidenfeld JJ, Jones WN, Moss RE, Tremper J. Intravenous aminophylline in the treatment of acute bronchospastic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Emerg Med 1984;13:248-52. Ref ID: 1111
    • (1984) Ann Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 248-252
    • Seidenfeld, J.J.1    Jones, W.N.2    Moss, R.E.3    Tremper, J.4
  • 439
    • 0026344018 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline therapy for acute bronchospastic disease in the emergency room
    • Ref ID: 1289
    • Wrenn K, Slovis CM, Murphey F, Greenburg RS. Aminophylline therapy for acute bronchospastic disease in the emergency room. Annals of Internal Medicine 1991;115:241-7. Ref ID: 1289
    • (1991) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.115 , pp. 241-247
    • Wrenn, K.1    Slovis, C.M.2    Murphey, F.3    Greenburg, R.S.4
  • 440
    • 0141735095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, controlled trial of theophylline for the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19447
    • Ram, F. S. F., Poole, P. J., Bagg, W., Stewart, J., and Black, P. N. Randomised, controlled trial of theophylline for the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161 Suppl, A489. 2000. Ref ID: 19447
    • (2000) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.161 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Ram, F.S.F.1    Poole, P.J.2    Bagg, W.3    Stewart, J.4    Black, P.N.5
  • 441
    • 0037264862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doxapram for ventilatory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1290
    • Greenstone M, Lasserson T. Doxapram for ventilatory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2003;(4). Ref ID: 1290
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd , Issue.4
    • Greenstone, M.1    Lasserson, T.2
  • 442
    • 0025823584 scopus 로고
    • Oral almitrine in treatment of acute respiratory failure and cor pulmonale in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease
    • Ref ID: 1334
    • Bardsley PA, Tweney J, Morgan N, Howard P. Oral almitrine in treatment of acute respiratory failure and cor pulmonale in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax 1991;46:493-8. Ref ID: 1334
    • (1991) Thorax , vol.46 , pp. 493-498
    • Bardsley, P.A.1    Tweney, J.2    Morgan, N.3    Howard, P.4
  • 443
    • 0015592457 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory stimulation with intravenous doxapram in respiratory failure. A double blind co-operative study
    • Ref ID: 1320
    • Moser K. Respiratory stimulation with intravenous doxapram in respiratory failure. A double blind co-operative study. New England Journal of Medicine 1973;288:427-31. Ref ID: 1320
    • (1973) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.288 , pp. 427-431
    • Moser, K.1
  • 444
    • 0029801335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the acute effects on gas exchange of nasal ventilation and doxapram in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 1293
    • Angus RM, Ahmed AA, Fenwick LJ, Peacock AJ. Comparison of the acute effects on gas exchange of nasal ventilation and doxapram in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1996;51:1048-50. Ref ID: 1293
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , pp. 1048-1050
    • Angus, R.M.1    Ahmed, A.A.2    Fenwick, L.J.3    Peacock, A.J.4
  • 445
    • 0001709096 scopus 로고
    • A double blind trial of five respiratory stimulants in patients with acute ventilation failure
    • Ref ID: 1319
    • Edwards. A double blind trial of five respiratory stimulants in patients with acute ventilation failure. Lancet 1967;2:226-9. Ref ID: 1319
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 226-229
    • Edwards1
  • 448
    • 0035689155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency oxygen therapy for the breathless patient. Guidelines prepared by the North West Oxygen Group
    • Ref ID: 19443
    • Murphy R, Mackway-Jones K, Sammy I, Driscoll P, Gray A, O'Driscoll R. Emergency oxygen therapy for the breathless patient. Guidelines prepared by the North West Oxygen Group. Emergency Medicine Journal 2001;18:421-3. Ref ID: 19443
    • (2001) Emergency Medicine Journal , vol.18 , pp. 421-423
    • Murphy, R.1    Mackway-Jones, K.2    Sammy, I.3    Driscoll, P.4    Gray, A.5    O'Driscoll, R.6
  • 449
    • 0007817064 scopus 로고
    • Controlled oxygen therapy in respiratory failure
    • Ref ID: 19307
    • Hutchison DCS, Flenley DC, Donald KW. Controlled oxygen therapy in respiratory failure. BMJ 1964;2:1159-66. Ref ID: 19307
    • (1964) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 1159-1166
    • Hutchison, D.C.S.1    Flenley, D.C.2    Donald, K.W.3
  • 450
    • 0018224178 scopus 로고
    • Controlled oxygen administration in acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A reappraisal
    • Ref ID: 19309
    • Bone RC, Pierce AK, Johnson RL, Jr. Controlled oxygen administration in acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a reappraisal. Am J Med 1978;65:896-902. Ref ID: 19309
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.65 , pp. 896-902
    • Bone, R.C.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Johnson Jr., R.L.3
  • 451
    • 0032707671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen therapy during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 19310
    • Agusti AG, Carrera M, Barbe F, Munoz A, Togores B. Oxygen therapy during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 1999;14:934-9. Ref ID: 19310
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.14 , pp. 934-939
    • Agusti, A.G.1    Carrera, M.2    Barbe, F.3    Munoz, A.4    Togores, B.5
  • 452
    • 0015835193 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypoxia with 24 percent oxygen. A new approach to the interpretation of data collected in a pulmonary intensive care unit
    • Ref ID: 19312
    • King TK, Ali N, Briscoe WA. Treatment of hypoxia with 24 percent oxygen. A new approach to the interpretation of data collected in a pulmonary intensive care unit. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:19-29. Ref ID: 19312
    • (1973) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.108 , pp. 19-29
    • King, T.K.1    Ali, N.2    Briscoe, W.A.3
  • 453
    • 0034088189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: Implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration
    • Ref ID: 13275
    • Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration. Thorax 2000;55:550-4. Ref ID: 13275
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 550-554
    • Plant, P.K.1    Owen, J.L.2    Elliott, M.W.3
  • 454
    • 0019488313 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effects of controlled oxygen therapy
    • Ref ID: 4042
    • DeGaute JP, Domenighetti G, Naeije R, Vincent JL, Treyvaud D, Perret C. Oxygen delivery in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effects of controlled oxygen therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:26-30. Ref ID: 4042
    • (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.124 , pp. 26-30
    • DeGaute, J.P.1    Domenighetti, G.2    Naeije, R.3    Vincent, J.L.4    Treyvaud, D.5    Perret, C.6
  • 456
    • 0014263666 scopus 로고
    • Studies of oxygen administration in respiratory failure
    • Ref ID: 4657
    • Eldridge F, Gherman C. Studies of oxygen administration in respiratory failure. Ann Intern Med 1968;68:569-78. Ref ID: 4657
    • (1968) Ann Intern Med , vol.68 , pp. 569-578
    • Eldridge, F.1    Gherman, C.2
  • 457
    • 0000581905 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory response to CO2 in emphysema
    • Ref ID: 17344
    • Prime FJ, Westlake EK. The respiratory response to CO2 in emphysema. Clin Sci 1954;13:321-32. Ref ID: 17344
    • (1954) Clin Sci , vol.13 , pp. 321-332
    • Prime, F.J.1    Westlake, E.K.2
  • 458
    • 0019226470 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the administration of O2 on ventilation and blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure
    • Ref ID: 781
    • Aubier M, Murciano D, Milic-Emili J, Touaty E, Daghfous J, Pariente R et al. Effects of the administration of O2 on ventilation and blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;122:747-54. Ref ID: 781
    • (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.122 , pp. 747-754
    • Aubier, M.1    Murciano, D.2    Milic-Emili, J.3    Touaty, E.4    Daghfous, J.5    Pariente, R.6
  • 459
    • 0031949540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood gas measurement during exercise: A comparative study between arterialized earlobe sampling and direct arterial puncture in adults
    • Ref ID: 4961
    • Fajac I, Texereau J, Rivoal V, Dessanges JF, Dinh-Xuan AT, Dall'Ava-Santucci J. Blood gas measurement during exercise: a comparative study between arterialized earlobe sampling and direct arterial puncture in adults. Eur Respir J 1998;11:712-5. Ref ID: 4961
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.11 , pp. 712-715
    • Fajac, I.1    Texereau, J.2    Rivoal, V.3    Dessanges, J.F.4    Dinh-Xuan, A.T.5    Dall'Ava-Santucci, J.6
  • 460
    • 0030035208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is arterialized earlobe blood PO2 an acceptable substitute for arterial blood PO2?
    • Ref ID: 3791
    • Dall'Ava-Santucci J, Dessanges JF, Dinh Xuan AT, Lockhart A. Is arterialized earlobe blood PO2 an acceptable substitute for arterial blood PO2? Eur Respir J 1996;9:1329-30. Ref ID: 3791
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 1329-1330
    • Dall'Ava-Santucci, J.1    Dessanges, J.F.2    Dinh Xuan, A.T.3    Lockhart, A.4
  • 461
    • 0028334818 scopus 로고
    • Arterialised earlobe blood gas analysis: An underused technique
    • Ref ID: 13267
    • Pitkin AD, Roberts CM, Wedzicha JA. Arterialised earlobe blood gas analysis: an underused technique. Thorax 1994;49:364-6. Ref ID: 13267
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 364-366
    • Pitkin, A.D.1    Roberts, C.M.2    Wedzicha, J.A.3
  • 462
    • 0029665255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in PO2 and PCO2 between arterial and arterialized earlobe samples
    • Ref ID: 19320
    • Sauty A, Uldry C, Debetaz LF, Leuenberger P, Fitting JW. Differences in PO2 and PCO2 between arterial and arterialized earlobe samples. Eur Respir J 1996;9:186-9. Ref ID: 19320
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 186-189
    • Sauty, A.1    Uldry, C.2    Debetaz, L.F.3    Leuenberger, P.4    Fitting, J.W.5
  • 463
    • 0036189162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure - A meta-analysis update
    • Ref ID: 854
    • Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J, Warn D. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure - a meta-analysis update. Critical Care Medicine. 2002;30:555-62. Ref ID: 854
    • (2002) Critical Care Medicine , vol.30 , pp. 555-562
    • Peter, J.V.1    Moran, J.L.2    Phillips-Hughes, J.3    Warn, D.4
  • 464
    • 0030760992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on mortality in patients admitted with acute respiratory failure: A meta-analysis
    • Ref ID: 887
    • Keenan SP, Kernerman PD, Cook DJ, Martin CM, McCormack D, Sibbald WJ. Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on mortality in patients admitted with acute respiratory failure: a meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 1997;25:1685-92. Ref ID: 887
    • (1997) Critical Care Medicine , vol.25 , pp. 1685-1692
    • Keenan, S.P.1    Kernerman, P.D.2    Cook, D.J.3    Martin, C.M.4    McCormack, D.5    Sibbald, W.J.6
  • 465
    • 0037271992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1485
    • Ram FSF, Lightowler JVJ, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1485
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Ram, F.S.F.1    Lightowler, J.V.J.2    Wedzicha, J.A.3
  • 466
    • 0036738127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: A prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1314
    • Thys F, Roeseler J, Reynaert M, Liistro G, Rodenstein DO. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: A prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20:545-55. Ref ID: 1314
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.20 , pp. 545-555
    • Thys, F.1    Roeseler, J.2    Reynaert, M.3    Liistro, G.4    Rodenstein, D.O.5
  • 467
    • 0036453936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive vs conventional mechanical ventilation in pts with COPD after failure of medical treatment in the ward; a randomised trial
    • Ref ID: 1486
    • Conti G, Antonelli M, Navalesi P. Noninvasive vs conventional mechanical ventilation in pts with COPD after failure of medical treatment in the ward; a randomised trial. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28:1701-7. Ref ID: 1486
    • (2002) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.28 , pp. 1701-1707
    • Conti, G.1    Antonelli, M.2    Navalesi, P.3
  • 468
    • 0033935136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: More effective and less expensive
    • Ref ID: 871
    • Keenan SP, Gregor J, Sibbald WJ, Cook D, Gafni A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: more effective and less expensive. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28:2094-102. Ref ID: 871
    • (2000) Critical Care Medicine , vol.28 , pp. 2094-2102
    • Keenan, S.P.1    Gregor, J.2    Sibbald, W.J.3    Cook, D.4    Gafni, A.5
  • 469
    • 0038753048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Economic analysis of randomised controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 19323
    • Plant PK, Owen JL, Parrott S, Elliott MW. Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: economic analysis of randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:956. Ref ID: 19323
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 956
    • Plant, P.K.1    Owen, J.L.2    Parrott, S.3    Elliott, M.W.4
  • 470
    • 0029562173 scopus 로고
    • Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Ref ID: 115
    • Seneff MG, Wagner DP, Wagner RP, Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 1995;274:1852-7. Ref ID: 115
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1852-1857
    • Seneff, M.G.1    Wagner, D.P.2    Wagner, R.P.3    Zimmerman, J.E.4    Knaus, W.A.5
  • 471
    • 0037116657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A 28-day international study
    • Ref ID: 1307
    • Esteban A, Anzueto A, Frutos F, Alia I, Brochard L, Stewart TE et al. Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28-day international study. JAMA 2002;287:345-55. Ref ID: 1307
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 345-355
    • Esteban, A.1    Anzueto, A.2    Frutos, F.3    Alia, I.4    Brochard, L.5    Stewart, T.E.6
  • 472
    • 0027213812 scopus 로고
    • Severe COPD and acute respiratory failure. Correlates for survival at the time of tracheal intubation
    • Ref ID: 1487
    • Rieves RD, Bass D, Carter RR, Griffith JE, Norman JR. Severe COPD and acute respiratory failure. Correlates for survival at the time of tracheal intubation. Chest 1993;104:854-60. Ref ID: 1487
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 854-860
    • Rieves, R.D.1    Bass, D.2    Carter, R.R.3    Griffith, J.E.4    Norman, J.R.5
  • 473
    • 0034881601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcome for patients with COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation
    • Ref ID: 1488
    • Nevins ML, Epstein SK. Predictors of outcome for patients with COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Chest 2001;119:1840-9. Ref ID: 1488
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1840-1849
    • Nevins, M.L.1    Epstein, S.K.2
  • 474
    • 0032079550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Ref ID: 1311
    • Nava S, Ambrosino N, Clini E, Prato M, Orlando G, Vitacca M et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1998;128:721-8. Ref ID: 1311
    • (1998) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.128 , pp. 721-728
    • Nava, S.1    Ambrosino, N.2    Clini, E.3    Prato, M.4    Orlando, G.5    Vitacca, M.6
  • 475
    • 79960980444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchopulmonary hygiene physical therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis
    • Cochrane Review. Ref ID: 1345
    • Jones AP, Rowe BH. Bronchopulmonary hygiene physical therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.Oxford:Update Software 2003;Issue 3. Ref ID: 1345
    • (2003) The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software , Issue.3
    • Jones, A.P.1    Rowe, B.H.2
  • 476
    • 0034059608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest physical therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: Effectiveness of three methods
    • Ref ID: 1338
    • Bellone A, Lascioli R, Raschi S, Guzzi L, Adone R. Chest physical therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: Effectiveness of three methods. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2000:81:558-60. Ref ID: 1338
    • (2000) Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , vol.81 , pp. 558-560
    • Bellone, A.1    Lascioli, R.2    Raschi, S.3    Guzzi, L.4    Adone, R.5
  • 477
    • 0018120005 scopus 로고
    • Physiotherapy and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of chronic bronchitis
    • Ref ID: 1341
    • Newton DA, Bevans HG. Physiotherapy and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of chronic bronchitis. British Medical Journal. 1978;2:1525-8. Ref ID: 1341
    • (1978) British Medical Journal , vol.2 , pp. 1525-1528
    • Newton, D.A.1    Bevans, H.G.2
  • 478
    • 0036260223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of expiration under positive pressure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild acidosis requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
    • Ref ID: 1342
    • Bellone A, Spagnolatti L, Massobrio M, Bellei E, Vinciguerra R, Barbieri A et al. Short-term effects of expiration under positive pressure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild acidosis requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28:581-5. Ref ID: 1342
    • (2002) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.28 , pp. 581-585
    • Bellone, A.1    Spagnolatti, L.2    Massobrio, M.3    Bellei, E.4    Vinciguerra, R.5    Barbieri, A.6
  • 480
    • 1542642064 scopus 로고
    • The effect of mechanical vibration in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Ref ID: 1497
    • Brown PM, Manfreda J, McCarthy D, MacDonald S. The effect of mechanical vibration in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Physiotherapy Canada 1987;39:371-4. Ref ID: 1497
    • (1987) Physiotherapy Canada , vol.39 , pp. 371-374
    • Brown, P.M.1    Manfreda, J.2    McCarthy, D.3    MacDonald, S.4
  • 481
    • 1542432385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National COPD audit. Royal College of Physicians. 2003. Ref ID: 19461
    • National COPD audit. Royal College of Physicians. 2003. Ref ID: 19461
  • 482
    • 0017402583 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction
    • Ref ID: 19444
    • Fletcher C, Peto R. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. BMJ 1977;1:1645-8. Ref ID: 19444
    • (1977) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1645-1648
    • Fletcher, C.1    Peto, R.2
  • 483
    • 0030783538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of outcome measures for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an outpaitent setting
    • Ref ID: 19445
    • Harper R. Brazier J E, Waterhouse J C, Walters S J, Jones NMB, Howard P. Comparison of outcome measures for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an outpaitent setting. Thorax 1997;52:879-87. Ref ID: 19445
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 879-887
    • Harper, R.1    Brazier, J.E.2    Waterhouse, J.C.3    Walters, S.J.4    Jones, N.M.B.5    Howard, P.6
  • 485
    • 0033031051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The annual cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the UK's National Health Service
    • Ref ID: 19446
    • Guest JF. The annual cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the UK's National Health Service. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 1999;5:2-100. Ref ID: 19446
    • (1999) Disease Management and Health Outcomes , vol.5 , pp. 2-100
    • Guest, J.F.1
  • 486
    • 0033998254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic burden of COPD
    • Ref ID: 19338
    • Sullivan SD, Ramsey SD, Lee TA. The economic burden of COPD. Chest 2000;117:5S-9S. Ref ID: 19338
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Sullivan, S.D.1    Ramsey, S.D.2    Lee, T.A.3
  • 487
    • 1542747347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of obstructive lung disease in the UK - COPD and asthma
    • Ref ID: 19305
    • Calverley, P. and Sondhi, S. The burden of obstructive lung disease in the UK - COPD and asthma. Thorax. 1996. Ref ID: 19305
    • (1996) Thorax
    • Calverley, P.1    Sondhi, S.2
  • 488
    • 0003724176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London. The Department of Heath. Ref ID: 19344
    • The Department of Heath, NHS executive. Burdens of Disease, A discussion document. 1996. London. The Department of Heath. Ref ID: 19344
    • (1996) Burdens of Disease, a Discussion Document
  • 489
    • 0031866580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease: Health resource use in general practice and hospital
    • Ref ID: 19318
    • Gibson PG, Wlodarczyk JH, Wilson AJ, Sprogis A. Severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease: health resource use in general practice and hospital. J Qual Clin Pract 1998;18:125-33. Ref ID: 19318
    • (1998) J Qual Clin Pract , vol.18 , pp. 125-133
    • Gibson, P.G.1    Wlodarczyk, J.H.2    Wilson, A.J.3    Sprogis, A.4
  • 490
    • 0034794916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The excess cost of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients aged 45 and older in England and Wales
    • Ref ID: 19327
    • McGuire A, Irwin DE, Fenn P, Gray A, Anderson P, Lovering A et al. The excess cost of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients aged 45 and older in England and Wales. Value Health 2001;4:370-5. Ref ID: 19327
    • (2001) Value Health , vol.4 , pp. 370-375
    • McGuire, A.1    Irwin, D.E.2    Fenn, P.3    Gray, A.4    Anderson, P.5    Lovering, A.6
  • 491
    • 0034600516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:1931-1935.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1931-1935
    • Plant, P.K.1    Owen, J.L.2    Elliott, M.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.