Proteolytic mechanisms in amyloid-β metabolism: Therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease

Trends in Molecular Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 464-472

  Vardy, Emma R L C ^a   Catto, Andrew J ^a   Hooper, Nigel M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SECRETASE; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; BETA SECRETASE; BETA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; GAMMA SECRETASE; GAMMA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 INHIBITOR; IMATINIB; LITHIUM CHLORIDE; MEMBRANE METALLOENDOPEPTIDASE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLASMIN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG MECHANISM; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME MECHANISM; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES; ASPARTIC ENDOPEPTIDASES; ENDOPEPTIDASES; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEPRILYSIN;

EID: 26244462301     PISSN: 14714914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2005.08.004     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. S.T. DeKosky Pathology and pathways of Alzheimer's disease with an update on new developments in treatment J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 51 2003 S314 S320
2. G. Evin, and A. Weidemann Biogenesis and metabolism of Alzheimer's disease Abeta amyloid peptides Peptides 23 2002 1285 1297
3. G. Perry Amyloid-beta junkies Lancet 355 2000 757
4. A. Nunomura Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 60 2001 759 767
5. D.J. Selkoe, and D. Schenk Alzheimer's disease: molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43 2003 545 584
6. A. Weidemann A novel epsilon-cleavage within the transmembrane domain of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein demonstrates homology with Notch processing Biochemistry 41 2002 2825 2835
7. J. Nunan, and D.H. Small Regulation of APP cleavage by alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretases FEBS Lett. 483 2000 6 10
8. M. Citron Beta-secretase inhibition for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - promise and challenge Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25 2004 92 97
9. M. Citron Strategies for disease modification in Alzheimer's disease Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5 2004 677 685
10. Y. Luo Mice deficient in BACE1, the Alzheimer's beta-secretase, have normal phenotype and abolished beta-amyloid generation Nat. Neurosci. 4 2001 231 232
11. Y. Luo BACE1 (beta-secretase) knockout mice do not acquire compensatory gene expression changes or develop neural lesions over time Neurobiol. Dis. 14 2003 81 88
12. I. Hussain The potential for BACE1 inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease IDrugs 7 2004 653 658
13. W.P. Chang In vivo inhibition of Abeta production by memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) inhibitors J. Neurochem. 89 2004 1409 1416
14. C.A. von Arnim The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a novel beta-secretase (BACE1) substrate J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 17777 17785
15. H.K. Wong beta Subunits of voltagegated sodium channels are novel substrates of BACE1 and gamma-secretase J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 23009 23017
16. J. Xie, and Q. Guo PAR-4 is involved in regulation of beta-secretase cleavage of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 13824 13832
17. W. He Reticulon family members modulate BACE1 activity and amyloid-beta peptide generation Nat. Med. 10 2004 959 965
18. Y. Ling Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the biology of proteolytic processing: relevance to Alzheimer's disease Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 35 2003 1505 1535
19. J.Y. Tsai The search for gammasecretase and development of inhibitors Curr. Med. Chem. 9 2002 1087 1106
20. C.A. Wilson Distinct presenilindependent and presenilin-independent gamma-secretases are responsible for total cellular Abeta production J. Neurosci. Res. 74 2003 361 369
21. W.J. Netzer Gleevec inhibits betaamyloid production but not Notch cleavage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 12444 12449
22. A. Petit JLK isocoumarin inhibitors: selective gamma-secretase inhibitors that do not interfere with notch pathway in vitro or in vivo J. Neurosci. Res. 74 2003 370 377
23. D. Beher Selected non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and their derivatives target gamma-secretase at a novel site. Evidence for an allosteric mechanism J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 43419 43426
24. S. Weggen A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Abeta42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity Nature 414 2001 212 216
25. R. Pardossi-Piquard Presenilindependent transcriptional control of the Abeta-degrading enzyme neprilysin by intracellular domains of betaAPP and APLP Neuron 46 2005 541 554
26. Z. Zhang Presenilins are required for gamma-secretase cleavage of beta-APP and transmembrane cleavage of Notch-1 Nat. Cell Biol. 2 2000 463 465
27. G.T. Wong Chronic treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411,575 inhibits beta-amyloid peptide production and alters lymphopoiesis and intestinal cell differentiation J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 12876 12882
28. H. Yu APP processing and synaptic plasticity in presenilin-1 conditional knockout mice Neuron 31 2001 713 726
29. C.A. Saura Loss of presenilin function causes impairments of memory and synaptic plasticity followed by age-dependent neurodegeneration Neuron 42 2004 23 36
30. V. Beglopoulos Reduced beta-amyloid production and increased inflammatory responses in presenilin conditional knock-out mice J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 46907 46914
31. E.H. Koo, and R. Kopan Potential role of presenilin-regulated signaling pathways in sporadic neurodegeneration Nat. Med. 10 Suppl. 2004 S26 S33
32. J. Tournoy Partial loss of presenilins causes seborrheic keratosis and autoimmune disease in mice Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 2004 1321 1331
33. M.S. Parihar, and T. Hemnani Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions J. Clin. Neurosci. 11 2004 456 467
34. P. Cohen, and M. Goedert GSK3 inhibitors: development and therapeutic potential Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3 2004 479 487
35. N.M. Hooper Roles of proteolysis and lipid rafts in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein and prion protein Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33 2005 335 338
36. R. Postina A disintegrinmetalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model J. Clin. Invest. 113 2004 1456 1464
37. E. Kojro, and F. Fahrenholz The non-amyloidogenic pathway: structure and function of alpha-secretases Subcell. Biochem. 38 2005 105 127
38. A. Fisher M1 muscarinic agonists can modulate some of the hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease: implications in future therapy J. Mol. Neurosci. 20 2003 349 356
39. J.D. Smith, and J.A. Levin-Allerhand Potential use of estrogen-like drugs for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease J. Mol. Neurosci. 20 2003 277 281
40. J. Caballero, and M. Nahata Do statins slow down Alzheimer's disease? A review J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 29 2004 209 213
41. M. Zimmermann Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors increase ADAM10 activity by promoting its trafficking in neuroblastoma cell lines J. Neurochem. 90 2004 1489 1499
42. A.J. Turner The neprilysin (NEP) family of zinc metalloendopeptidases: genomics and function Bioessays 23 2001 261 269
43. J.A. Carson, and A.J. Turner Beta-amyloid catabolism: roles for neprilysin (NEP) and other metallopeptidases? J. Neurochem. 81 2002 1 8
44. N. Iwata Identification of the major Abeta1-42-degrading catabolic pathway in brain parenchyma: suppression leads to biochemical and pathological deposition Nat. Med. 6 2000 143 150
45. N. Iwata Metabolic regulation of brain Abeta by neprilysin Science 292 2001 1550 1552
46. K. Yasojima Reduced neprilysin in high plaque areas of Alzheimer brain: a possible relationship to deficient degradation of beta-amyloid peptide Neurosci. Lett. 297 2001 97 100
47. A.J. Turner Targeting amyloiddegrading enzymes as therapeutic strategies in neurodegeneration Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1035 2004 1 20
48. R.A. Marr Neprilysin regulates amyloid Beta peptide levels J. Mol. Neurosci. 22 2004 5 11
49. M.H. Mohajeri Anti-amyloid activity of neprilysin in plaque-bearing mouse models of Alzheimer's disease FEBS Lett. 562 2004 16 21
50. T. Saito Somatostatin regulates brain amyloid beta peptide Abeta(42) through modulation of proteolytic degradation Nat. Med. 11 2005 434 439
51. E.S. Song Analysis of the subsite specificity of rat insulysin using fluorogenic peptide substrates J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 1152 1155
52. W. Farris Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levels of insulin, amyloid beta-protein, and the betaamyloid precursor protein intracellular domain in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 4162 4167
53. S. Craft, and G.S. Watson Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms Lancet Neurol. 3 2004 169 178
54. K. Vekrellis Neurons regulate extracellular levels of amyloid beta-protein via proteolysis by insulin-degrading enzyme J. Neurosci. 20 2000 1657 1665
55. M.A. Leissring Enhanced proteolysis of beta-amyloid in APP transgenic mice prevents plaque formation, secondary pathology, and premature death Neuron 40 2003 1087 1093
56. A. Perez Degradation of soluble amyloid beta-peptides 1-40, 1-42, and the Dutch variant 1-40Q by insulin degrading enzyme from Alzheimer disease and control brains Neurochem. Res. 25 2000 247 255
57. S.D. Edland Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) genetic variants and risk of Alzheimer's disease: evidence of effect modification by apolipoprotein E (APOE) Neurosci. Lett. 345 2003 21 24
58. D.G. Cook Reduced hippocampal insulin-degrading enzyme in late-onset alzheimer's disease is associated with the apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele Am. J. Pathol. 162 2003 313 319
59. E.S. Song Substrate activation of insulin-degrading enzyme (insulysin). A potential target for drug development J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 49789 49794
60. L. Gasparini Stimulation of betaamyloid precursor protein trafficking by insulin reduces intraneuronal beta-amyloid and requires mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling J. Neurosci. 21 2001 2561 2570
61. S.M. de la Monte, and J.R. Wands Review of insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression, signaling, and malfunction in the central nervous system: relevance to Alzheimer's disease J. Alzheimers Dis. 7 2005 45 61
62. L. Ho Diet-induced insulin resistance promotes amyloidosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease FASEB J. 18 2004 902 904
63. G.S. Watson, and S. Craft Modulation of memory by insulin and glucose: neuropsychological observations in Alzheimer's disease Eur. J. Pharmacol. 490 2004 97 113
64. M.D. Ledesma Brain plasmin enhances APP alpha-cleavage and Abeta degradation and is reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains EMBO Rep. 1 2000 530 535
65. E.A. Eckman Degradation of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta peptide by endothelin-converting enzyme J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 24540 24548
66. E.A. Eckman Alzheimer's disease betaamyloid peptide is increased in mice deficient in endothelinconverting enzyme J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 2081 2084
67. J. Hu Angiotensin-converting enzyme degrades Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (A beta); retards A beta aggregation, deposition, fibril formation; and inhibits cytotoxicity J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 47863 47868
68. H. Kanemitsu Human neprilysin is capable of degrading amyloid beta peptide not only in the monomeric form but also the pathological oligomeric form Neurosci. Lett. 350 2003 113 116
69. H.M. Tucker The plasmin system is induced by and degrades amyloid-beta aggregates J. Neurosci. 20 2000 3937 3946
70. J.A. Nicoll Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report Nat. Med. 9 2003 448 452
71. E. Kojro Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the alpha-secretase ADAM 10 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 2001 5815 5820
72. S. Pedrini Modulation of statinactivated shedding of Alzheimer APP ectodomain by ROCK PLoS. Med. 2 2005 e18
73. C. Kaether, and C. Haass A lipid boundary separates APP and secretases and limits amyloid beta-peptide generation J. Cell Biol. 167 2004 809 812
74. J.M. Cordy Exclusively targeting betasecretase to lipid rafts by GPI-anchor addition up-regulates betasite processing of the amyloid precursor protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 11735 11740
75. K. Fassbender Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta -amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 2001 5856 5861
76. J. Abad-Rodriguez Neuronal membrane cholesterol loss enhances amyloid peptide generation J. Cell Biol. 167 2004 953 960
77. M.D. Ledesma, and C.G. Dotti The conflicting role of brain cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease: lessons from the brain plasminogen system Biochem. Soc. Symp. 2005 2005 129 138