Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors

Annual Review of Immunology

Volumn 17, Issue , 1999, Pages 875-904

  Long, Eric O ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

C type lectin; Immunoglobulin; MHC class I; Natural killer cell

Indexed keywords

CELL RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; LECTIN; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1;

CYTOLYSIS; DENDRITIC CELL; DOWN REGULATION; GROWTH INHIBITION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIGAND BINDING; MACROPHAGE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MONOCYTE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; RECEPTOR BINDING; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TARGET CELL;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; KILLER CELLS; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; LIGANDS; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; RECEPTORS, MITOGEN; SELF TOLERANCE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 0033007567     PISSN: 07320582     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.875     Document Type: Review

References (161)

1. Thompson CB, Allison JP. 1997. The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune attenuator. Immunity 7:445-50
2. Van Parijs L, Abbas AK. 1998. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off. Science 280:243-48
3. O'Rourke LM, Tooze R, Fearon DT. 1997. Co-receptors of B lymphocytes. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:324-29
4. Healy JI, Goodnow CC. 1998. Positive versus negative signaling by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16:645-70
5. Moretta A, Bottino C, Vitale M, Pende D, Biassoni R, Mingari MC, Moretta L. 1996. Receptors for HLA class-I molecules in human natural killer cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:619-48
6. Lanier LL. 1998. NK cell receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16:359-93
7. Yokoyama WM. 1998. Natural killer cell receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10:298-305
8. Vivier E, Daeron M. 1997. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. Immunol. Today 18:286-91
9. Burshtyn DN, Long EO. 1997. Regulation through inhibitory receptors: lessons from natural killer cells. Trends Cell Biol. 7:473-79
10. Ljunggren HG, Karre K. 1985. Host resistance directed selectively against H-2-deficient lymphoma variants. Analysis of the mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 162:1745-59
11. Karlhofer FM, Ribaudo RK, Yokoyama WM. 1992. MHC class I alloantigen specificity of Ly-49+ IL-2-activated natural killer cells. Nature 358:66-70
12. Moretta A, Vitale M, Bottino C, Orengo AM, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Barbaresi M, Ciccone E, Moretta L. 1993 P58 molecules as putative receptors for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in human natural killer (NK) cells. Anti-p58 antibodies reconstitute lysis of MHC class I-protected cells in NK clones displaying different specificities. J. Exp. Med. 178:597-604
13. Leibson PJ. 1997. Signal transduction during natural killer cell activation: inside the mind of a killer. Immunity 6:655-61
14. Brurnbaugh KM, Binstadt BA, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Ten RM, Leibson PJ. 1997. Functional role for Syk tyrosine kinase in natural killer cell-mediated natural cytotoxicity. J. Exp. Med. 186:1965-74
15. Lanier LL, Corliss B, Phillips JH. 1997. Arousal and inhibition of human NK cells. Immunol. Rev. 155:145-54
16. Azuma M, Cayabyab M, Buck D, Phillips JH, Lanier LL. 1992. Involvement of CD28 in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity mediated by a human natural killer leukemia cell line. J. Immunol. 149:1115-23
17. Chambers BJ, Salcedo M, Ljunggren HG. 1996. Triggering of natural killer cells by the costimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1). Immunity 5:311-17
18. Helander TS, Carpen O, Turunen O, Kovanen PE, Vaheri A, Timonen T. 1996. ICAM-2 redistributed by ezrin as a target for killer cells. Nature 382:265-68
19. Sivori S, Vitale M, Morelli L, Sanseverino L, Augugliaro R, Bottino C, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1997. p46, a novel natural killer cell-specific surface molecule that mediates cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 186:1129-36
20. Vitale M, Bottino C, Sivori S, Sanseverino L, Castriconi R, Marcenaro E, Augugliaro R, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1998. NKp44, a novel triggering surface molecule specifically expressed by activated natural killer cells, is involved in non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted tumor cell lysis. J. Exp. Med. 187:2065-72
21. Burshtyn DN, Yang WT, Yi TL, Long EO. 1997. A novel phosphotyrosine motif with a critical amino acid at position-2 for the SH2 domain-mediated activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J. Biol. Chem. 272:13066-72
22. Pani G, Fischer KD, Mlinaric-Rascan I, Siminovitch KA. 1996. Signaling capacity of the T cell antigen receptor is negatively regulated by the PTPIC tyrosine phosphatase. J. Exp. Med. 184:839-52
23. Zhang WG, Sloan-Lancaster J, Kitchen J, Trible RP, Samelson LE. 1998. LAT: the ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase substrate that links T cell receptor to cellular activation. Cell 92:83-92
24. Daeron M, Latour S, Malbee O, Espinosa E, Pina P, Pasmans S, Fridman WH. 1995. The same tyrosine-based inhibition motif, in the intracytoplasmic domain of FegammaRIIB, regulates negatively BCR-, TCR-, and FcR-dependent cell activation. Immunity 3:635-6
25. Bléry M, Delon J, Trautmann A, Cambiaggi A, Olcese L, Biassoni R, Moretta I., Chavrier P, Moretta A, Daëron M, Vivier E. 1997. Reconstituted killer cell inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules control mast cell activation induced via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. J. Biol. Chem. 272:8989-96
26. Valiante NM, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Parham P. 1996. Killer cell inhibitory receptor recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I blocks formation of a pp36/PLC-gamma signaling complex in human natural killer (NK) cells, J. Exp. Med. 184:2243-50
27. Cornall RJ, Cyster JG, Hibbs ML, Dunn AR, Otipoby KL, Clark EA, Goodnow CC. 1998. Polygenic autoimmune traits: Lyn, CD22, and SHP-1 are limiting elements of a biochemical pathway regulating BCR signaling and selection. Immunity 8:497-508
28. Chan VWF, Lowell CA, DeFranco AL. 1998. Defective negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling in Lyn-deficient B lymphocytes. Curr. Biol. 8:545-53
29. Doody GM, Justement LB, Delibrias CC, Matthews RJ, Lin J, Thomas ML, Fearon DT. 1995. A role in B cell activation for CD22 and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP. Science 269:242-44
30. Ihle JN. 1995. Cytokine receptor signalling. Nature 377:591-94
31. Neel BG. 1997. Role of phosphatases in lymphocyte activation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:405-20
32. Huyer G, Li ZM, Adam M, Huckle WR, Ramachandran C. 1995. Direct determination of the sequence recognition requirements of the SH2 domains of SH-PTP2. Biochemistry 34:1040-49
33. Tonks NK, Neel BG. 1996. From form to function: signaling by protein tyrosine phosphatases. Cell 87:365-68
34. Maeda A, Kurosaki M, Ono M, Takai T, Kurosaki T. 1998. Requirement of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 for paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB)-mediated inhibitory signal. J. Exp. Med. 187:1355-60
35. Amigorena S, Bonnerot C, Drake JR, Choquet D, Hunziker W, Guillet JG, Webster P, Sautes C, Mellman I, Fridman WH. 1992. Cytoplasmic domain heterogeneity and functions of IgG Fc receptors in B lymphocytes. Science 256:1808-12
36. Muta T, Kurosaki T, Misulovin Z, Sanchez M, Nussenzweig MC, Ravetch JV. 1994. A 13-amino-acid motif in the cytoplasmic domain of Fc gamma RIIB modulates B-cell receptor signalling. Nature 368:70-73
37. Gupta N, Scharenberg AM, Burshtyn DN, Wagtmann N, Lioubin MN, Rohrschneider LR, Kinet JP, Long EO. 1997. Negative signaling pathways of the killer cell inhibitory receptor and FcgammaRIIb1 require distinct phosphatases. J. Exp. Med. 186:473-78
38. Ono M, Okada H, Bolland S, Yanagi S, Kurosaki T, Ravetch JV. 1997. Deletion of SHIP or SHP-1 reveals two distinct pathways for inhibitory signaling. Cell 90:293-301
39. Kiener PA, Lioubin MN, Rohrschneider LR, Ledbetter JA, Nadler SG, Diegel ML. 1997. Co-ligation of the antigen and Fc receptors gives rise to the selective modulation of intracellular signaling in B cells-Regulation of the association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and inositol 5′-phosphatase with the antigen receptor complex. J. Biol. Chem. 272:3838-44
40. 2+ mobilization is integrated by CD19 dephosphorylation. Immunity 7:49-58
41. Scharenberg AM, El-Hillal O, Fruman DA, Beitz LO, Li ZM, Lin SQ, Gout I, Cantley LC, Rawlings DJ, Kinet JP. 1998. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3) Tec kinase-dependent calcium signaling pathway: a target for SHIP-mediated inhibitory signals. EMBO J. 17:1961-72
42. Lopez F, Estève JP, Buscail L, Delesque N, Saint-Laurent N, Théveniau M, Nahmias C, Vaysse N, Susini C. 1997. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 associates with the sst2 somastostatin receptor and is an essential component of sst2-mediated inhibitory growth signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 272:24448-54
43. Bousquet C, Delesque N, Lopez F, Saint-Laurent N, Estève JP, Bedecs K, Buscail L, Vaysse N, Susini C. 1998. sst2 somatostatin receptor mediates negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling through the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273:7099-106
44. Brown MG, Fulmek S, Matsumoto K, Cho R, Lyons PA, Levy ER, Scalzo AA, Yokoyama WM. 1997. A 2-Mb YAC contig and physical map of the natural killer gene complex on mouse chromosome 6. Genomics 42:16-25
45. Takei F, Brennan J, Mager DL. 1997. The Ly-49 family: genes, proteins, and recognition of class I MHC. Immunol. Rev. 155:67-77
46. Matsumoto N, Ribaudo RK, Abastado JP, Margulies DH, Yokoyama WM. 1998. The lectin-like NK cell receptor Ly-49A recognizes a carbohydrate-independent epitope on its MHC class I ligand. Immunity 8:245-54
47. Sundbäck J, Nakamura MC, Waldenström M, Niemi EC, Seaman WE, Ryan JC, Kärre K. 1998. The alpha2 domain of H-2Dd restricts the allelic specificity of the murine NK cell inhibitory receptor Ly-49A. J. Immunol. 160:5971-78
48. Westgaard IH, Berg SF, Orstavik S, Fossum S, Dissen E. 1998. Identification of a human member of the Ly-49 multigene family. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:1839-46
49. Nakamura MC, Niemi EC, Fisher MJ, Shultz LD, Seaman WE, Ryan JC. 1997. Mouse Ly-49A interrupts early signaling events in natural killer cell cytotoxicity and functionally associates with the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase. J. Exp. Med. 185:673-84
50. Houchins JP, Lanier LL, Niemi EC, Phillips JH, Ryan JC. 1997. Natural killer cell cytolytic activity is inhibited by NKG2-A and activated by NKG2-C. J. Immunol. 158:3603-9
51. Mingari MC, Vitale C, Cantoni C, Bellomo R, Ponte M, Schiavetti F, Bertone S, Moretta A, Moretta L. 1997. Interleukin-15-induced maturation of human natural killer cells from early thymic precursors: selective expression of CD94/NKG2-A as the only HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptor. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1374-80
52. Le Dréan E, Vély F, Olcese L, Cambiaggi A, Guia S, Krystal G, Gervois N, Moretta A, Jotereau F, Vivier E. 1998. Inhibition of antigen-induced T cell response and antibody-induced NK cell cytotoxicity by NKG2A: association of NKG2A with SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:264-76
53. Carretero M, Palmieri G, Llano M, Tullio V, Santoni A, Geraghty DE, López-Botet M. 1998. Specific engagement of the CD94/NKG2-A killer inhibitory receptor by the HLA-E class Ib molecule induces SHP-1 phosphatase recruitment to tyrosine-phosphorylated NKG2-A: evidence for receptor function in heterologous transfectants. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:1280-91
54. Braud VM, Allan DSJ, O'Callaghan CA, Söderström K, D'Andrea A, Ogg GS, Lazetic S, Young NT, Bell JT, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, McMichael AJ. 1998. HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. Nature 391:795-99
55. Borrego F, Ulbrecht M, Weiss EH, Coligan JE, Brooks AG. 1998. Recognition of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E complexed with HLA class I signal sequence-derived peptides by CD94/NKG2 confers protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis. J. Exp. Med. 187:813-18
56. Lee N, Llano M, Carretero M, Ishitani A, Navarro F, Lopez-Botet M, Geraghty DE. 1998. HLA-E is a major ligand for the natural killer inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5199-204
57. Braud V, Jones EY, McMichael A. 1997. The human major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule HLA-E binds signal sequence-derived peptides with primary anchor residues at positions 2 and 9. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1164-69
58. Lee N, Goodlett DR, Ishitani A, Marquardt H, Geraghty DE. 1998. HLA-E surface expression depends on binding of TAP-dependent peptides derived from certain HLA class I signal sequences. J. Immunol. 160:4951-60
59. Valiante NM, Uhrberg M, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Arnett KL, D'Andrea A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Parham P. 1997. Functionally and structurally distinct NK cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood of two human donors. Immunity 7:739-51
60. Vance RE, Tanamachi DM, Hanke T, Raulet DH. 1997. Cloning of a mouse homolog of CD94 extends the family of C-type lectins on murine natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3236-41
61. Ho EL, Heusel JW, Brown MG, Matsumoto K, Scalzo AA, Yokoyama WM. 1998. Murine Nkg2d and Cd94 are clustered within the natural killer complex and are expressed independently in natural killer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6320-25
62. + Ly-49-cells can distinguish between major histocompatibility complex class Thi and class Ilo target cells: evidence for a Ly-49-independent negative signaling receptor. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3100-4
63. Toomey JA, Shrestha S, De la Rue SA, Gays F, Robinson JH, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZMA, Brooks CG. 1998. MHC class I expression protects target cells from lysis by Ly49-deficient fetal NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:47-56
64. Su RC, Kung SKP, Gariépy J, Barber BH, Miller RG. 1998. NK cells can recognize different forms of class I MHC. J. Immunol. 161:755-66
65. + T cells upon NKR-P1 cross-linking. J. Exp. Med. 183:2391-96
66. + immature thymocytes: NKRPIA-mediated regulation of proliferation and cytolytic activity. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1266-72
67. Adachi T, Flaswinkel H, Yakura H, Reth M, Tsubata T. 1998. Cutting edge: the B cell surface protein CD72 recruits the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 upon tyrosine phosphorylation. J. Immunol. 160:4662-65
68. Goitsuka R, Chen CH, Cooper MD. 1997. B cells in the Bursa of Fabricius express a novel C-type lectin gene. J. Immunol. 159:3126-32
69. Guthmann MD, Tal M, Pecht I. 1995. A secretion inhibitory signal transduction molecule on mast cells is another C-type lectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9397-401
70. Winter CC, Gumperz JE, Parham P, Long EO, Wagtmann N. 1998. Direct binding and functional transfer of NK cell inhibitory receptors reveal novel patterns of HLA-C allotype recognition. J. Immunol. 161:571-77
71. Biassoni R, Pessino A, Malaspina A, Cantoni C, Bottino C, Sivori S, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1997. Role of amino acid position 70 in the binding affinity of p50.1 and p58.1 receptors for HLA-Cw4 molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3095-99
72. Fan QR, Mosyak L, Winter CC, Wagtmann N, Long EO, Wiley DC. 1997. Structure of the inhibitory receptor for human natural killer cells resembles haematopoietic receptors. Nature 389:96-100
73. Fan QR, Garboczi DN, Winter CC, Wagtmann N, Long EO, Wiley DC. 1996. Direct binding of a soluble natural killer cell inhibitory receptor to a soluble human leukocyte antigen-Cw4 class I major histocompatibility complex molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7178-83
74. Gumperz JE, Barber LD, Valiante NM, Percival L, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Parham P. 1997. Conserved and variable residues within the Bw4 motif of HLAB make separable contributions to recognition by the NKB1 killer cell-inhibitory receptor. J. Immunol. 158:5237-41
75. + NK cells by HLA-B7 variants and target cells. J. Immunol. 160:1573-80
76. Dohring C, Scheidegger D, Samaridis J, Cella M, Colonna M. 1996. A human killer inhibitory receptor specific for HLA-A. J. Immunol. 156:3098-101
77. Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Falco M, Pessino A, Cilli R, Conte R, Pende D, Ponte M, Mikaelsson MS, Moretta L, Biassoni R. 1998. p49, a putative HLA class I-specific inhibitory NK receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:1980-90
78. Wagtmann N, Rojo S, Eichler E, Mohrenweiser H, Long EO. 1997. A new human gene complex encoding the killer cell inhibitory receptors and related monocyte/macrophage receptors. Curr. Biol. 7:615-18
79. Kuroiwa A, Yamashita Y, Inui M, Yuasa T, Ono M, Nagabukuro A, Matsuda Y, Takai T. 1998. Association of tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP with gp49B1, and chromosomal assignment of the gene. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1070-74
80. Rojo S, Burshtyn DN, Long EO, Wagtmann N. 1997. Type I transmembrane receptor with inhibitory function in mouse mast cells and NK cells. J. Immunol. 158:9-12
81. Wang LL, Mehta IK, LeBlanc PA, Yokoyama WM. 1997. Mouse natural killer cells express gp49B1, a structural homologue of human killer inhibitory receptors. J. Immunol. 158:13-17
82. Katz HR, Vivier E, Castells MC, McCormick MJ, Chambers JM, Austen KF. 1996. Mouse mast cell gp49B1 contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs and suppresses mast cell activation when coligated with the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:10809-14
83. Samaridis J, Colonna M. 1997. Cloning of novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on human myeloid and lymphoid cells: structural evidence for new stimulatory and inhibitory pathways. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:660-65
84. Arm JP, Nwankwo C, Austen KF. 1997. Molecular identification of a novel family of human Ig superfamily members that possess immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs and homology to the mouse gp49B1 inhibitory receptor. J. Immunol. 159:2342-49
85. Cosman D, Fanger N, Borges L, Kubin M, Chin W, Peterson L, Hsu ML. 1997. A novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptor for cellular and viral MHC class I molecules. Immunity 7:273-82
86. Colonna M, Navarro F, Bellón T, Llano M, Garcia P, Samaridis J, Angman L, Cella M, López-Botet M. 1997. A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:1809-18
87. Borges L, Hsu ML, Fanger N, Kubin M, Cosman D. 1997, A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules. J. Immunol. 159:5192-96
88. Cella M, Dohring C, Samaridis J, Dessing M, Brockhaus M, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M. 1997. A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen processing. J. Exp. Med. 185:1743-51
89. Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, Dunbar R, Ogg GS, Cerundolo V, Relink A. 1998. Cutting edge: human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. J. Immunol. 160:3096-100
90. Kubagawa H, Burrows PD, Cooper MD. 1997. A novel pair of immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed by B cells and myeloid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5261-66
91. Hayami K, Fukuta D, Nishikawa Y, Yamashita Y, Inui M, Ohyama Y, Hikida M, Ohmori H, Takai T. 1997. Molecular cloning of a novel murine cell-surface glycoprotein homologous to killer cell inhibitory receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 272:7320-27
92. Timms JF, carlberg K, Gu HH, Chen HY, Kamatkar S, Nadler MJS, Rohrschneider LR, Neel BG. 1998. Identification of major binding proteins and substrates for the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in macrophages. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3838-50
93. Bléry M, Kubagawa H, Chen CC, Vély F, Cooper MD, Vivier E. 1998. The paired Ig-like receptor PIR-B is an inhibitory receptor that recruits the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2446-51
94. Meyaard L, Adema GJ, Chang CW, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Lanier LL, Phillips JH. 1997. LAIR-1, a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes. Immunity 7:283-90
95. Poggi A, Pella N, Morelli L, Spada F, Revello V, Sivori S, Augugliaro R, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1995. p40, a novel surface molecule involved in the regulation of the non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytolytic activity in humans. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:369-76
96. Poggi A, Tomasello E, Revello V, Nanni L, Costa P, Moretta L. 1997. P40 molecule regulates NK cell activation mediated by NK receptors for HLA class I antigens and TCR-mediated triggering of T lymphocytes. Int. Immunol. 9:1271-79
97. Ohnishi H, Kubota M, Ohtake A, Sato K, Sano Si. 1996. Activation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP2 by a tyrosine-based activation motif of a novel brain molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 271:25569-74
98. Fujioka Y, Matozaki T, Noguchi T, Iwamatsu A, Yamao T, Takahashi N, Tsuda M, Takada T, Kasuga M. 1996. A novel membrane glycoprotein, SHPS-1, that binds the SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in response to mitogens and cell adhesion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6887-99
99. Kharitonenkov A, Chen ZJ, Sures I, Wang HY, Schilling J, Ullrich A. 1997. A family of proteins that inhibit signalling through tyrosine kinase receptors. Nature 386:181-86
100. Yamao T, Matozaki T, Amano K, Matsuda Y, Takahashi N, Ochi F, Fujioka Y, Kasuga M. 1997. Mouse and human SHPS-1: molecular cloning of cDNAs and chromosomal localization of genes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 231:61-67
101. Stofega MR, Wang HY, Ullrich A, Carter-Su C. 1998. Growth hormone regulation of SIRP and SHP-2 tyrosyl phosphorylation and association. J. Biol. Chem. 273:7112-17
102. Takada T, Matozaki T, Takeda H, Fukunaga K, Noguchi T, Fujioka Y, Okazaki I, Tsuda M, Yamao T, Ochi F, Kasuga M. 1998. Roles of the complex formation of SHPS-1 with SHP-2 in insulin-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem. 273:9234-42
103. Tsuda M, Matozaki T, Fukunaga K, Fujioka Y, Imamoto A, Noguchi T, Takada T, Yamao T, Takeda H, Ochi F, Yamamoto T, Kasuga M. 1998. Integrin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPS-1 and its association with SHP-2-roles of Fak and Src family kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 273:13223-29
104. Kunath T, Ordonez-Garcia C, Turbide C, Beauchemin N. 1995. Inhibition of colonic tumor cell growth by biliary glycoprotein. Oncogene 11:2375-82
105. Beauchemin N, Kunath T, Robitaille J, Chow B, Turbide C, Daniels E, Veillette A. 1997. Association of biliary glycoprotein with protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in malignant colon epithelial cells. Oncogene 14:783-90
106. Stocks SC, Ruchaud-Sparagano MH, Kerr MA, Grunert F, Haslett C, Dransfield I. 1996. CD66: role in ihe regulation of neutrophil effector function. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:2924-32
107. Klein ML, McGhee SA, Baranian J, Stevens L, Hefta SA. 1996. Role of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, a CD66 cluster antigen, in activation of human granulocytes. Infect. Immun. 64:4574-79
108. Finger LR, Pu J, Wasserman R, Vibhakar R, Louie E, Hardy RR, Burrows PD, Billips LG. 1997. The human PD-1 gene: complete cDNA, genomic organization, and developmentally regulated expression in B cell progenitors [published erratum appears in Gene 1997 203:253;203(2):253]. Gene 197:177-87
109. Wu S-M, Cheung W-F, Frazier D, Stafford DW. 1991. Cloning and expression of the cDNA for human gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. Science 254:1634-36
110. Ryan JC, Seaman WE. 1997. Divergent functions of lectin-like receptors on NK cells. Immunol. Rev. 155:79-89
111. Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Falco M, Verdiani S, Bottino C, Vitale M, Conte R, Poggi A, Moretta A, Moretta L. 1996. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific "activatory" or "inhibitory" natural killer cell receptors display highly homologous extracellular domains but differ in their transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions. J. Exp. Med. 183:645-50
112. Mandelboim O, Davis DM, Reyburn HT, Valés-Gómez M, Sheu EG, Pazmany L, Strominger JL. 1996. Enhancement of class II-restricted T cell responses by costimulatory NK receptors for class I MHC proteins. Science 274:2097-100
113. Bottino C, Sivori S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Falco R, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Semenzato G, Biassoni R, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1996. A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1816-24
114. Campbell KS, Cella M, Carretero M, López-Botet M, Colonna M. 1998. Signaling through human killer cell activating receptors triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of an associated protein complex. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:599-609
115. Mason LH, Anderson SK, Yokoyama WM, Smith HRC, Winkler-Pickett R, Ortaldo JR. 1996, The Ly-49D receptor activates murine natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 184:2119-28
116. Raziuddin A, Longo DL, Mason L, Ortaldo JR, Bennett M, Murphy WJ. 1998. Differential effects of the rejection of bone marrow allografts by the depletion of activating versus inhibiting Ly-49 natural killer cell subsets. J. Immunol. 160:87-94
117. Smith KM, Wu J, Bakker ABH, Phillips JH, Lanier LL. 1998. Cutting edge: Ly-49D and Ly-49H associate with mouse DAP12 and form activating receptors. J. Immunol. 161:7-10
118. Lanier LL, Corliss BC, Wu J, Leong C, Phillips JH. 1998. Immunoreceptor DAP12 bearing a tyrosine-based activation motif is involved in activating NK cells. Nature 391:703-7
119. Lanier LL, Corliss B, Wu J, Phillips JH. 1998. Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2CNK cell receptors. Immunity 8:693-701
120. Moretta A, Sivori S, Vitale M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Bottino C, Moretta L. 1995, Existence of both inhibitory (p58) and activatory (p50) receptors for HLA-C molecules in human natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 182:875-84
121. Mandelboim O, Kent S, Davis DM, Wilson SB, Okazaki T, Jackson R, Hafler D, Strominger JL. 1998. Natural killer activating receptors trigger interferon gamma secretion from T cells and natural killer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3798-803
122. Rolstad B, Vaage JT, Naper C, Lambracht D, Wonigeit K, Joly E, Butcher GW. 1997. Positive and negative MHC class I recognition by rat NK cells. Immunol. Rev. 155:91-104
123. Dissen E, Ryan JC, Seaman WE, Fossum S. 1996. An autosomal dominant locus, Nka, mapping to the Ly-49 region of a rat natural killer (NK) gene complex, controls NK cell lysis of allogeneic lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 183:2197-207
124. + T cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:1957-63
125. Cantoni C, Biassoni R, Pende D, Sivori S, Accame L, Pareti L, Semenzato G, Moretta L, Moretta A, Bottino C. 1998. The activating form of CD94 receptor complex: CD94 covalently associates with the Kp39 protein that represents the product of the NKG2-C gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:327-38
126. Held W, Kunz B. 1998. An allele-specific, stochastic gene expression process controls the expression of multiple Ly49 family genes and generates a diverse, MHC-specific NK cell receptor repertoire. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:2407-16
127. Dorfman JR, Raulet DH. 1998. Acquisition of Ly49 receptor expression by developing natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 187:609-18
128. Uhrberg M, Valiante NM, Shum BP, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Corliss B, Tyan D, Lanier LL, Parham P. 1997. Human diversity in killer cell inhibitory receptor genes. Immunity 7:753-63
129. Johansson MH, Bieberich C, Jay G, Kärre K, Höglund P. 1997. Natural killer cell tolerance in mice with mosaic expression of major histocompatibility complex class I transgene. J. Exp. Med. 186:353-64
130. Salcedo M, Andersson M, Lemieux S, Van Kaer L, Chambers BJ, Ljunggren HG. 1998. Fine tuning of natural killer cell specificity and maintenance of self tolerance in MHC class I-deficient mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:1315-21
131. Wu MF, Raulet DH. 1997. Class I-deficient hemopoietic cells and nonhemopoietic cells dominantly induce unresponsiveness of natural killer cells to class I-deficient bone marrow cell grafts. J. Immunol. 158:1628-33
132. Dorfman JR, Zerrahn J, Coles MC, Raulet DH. 1997. The basis for self-tolerance of natural killer cells in beta2-microglobulin-and TAP-1-mice. J. Immunol. 159:5219-25
133. Höglund P, Glas R, Ménard C, Kåse A, Johansson MH, Franksson L, Lemmonier F, Kärre K. 1998. Beta2-Microglobulin-deficient NK cells show increased sensitivity to MHC class I-mediated inhibition, but self tolerance does not depend upon target cell expression of H-2Kb and Db heavy chains. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:370-78
134. Carena I, Shamshiev A, Donda A, Colonna M, Libero GD. 1997. Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules modulate activation threshold and early signaling of T cell antigen receptor-gamma/delta stimulated by nonpeptidic ligands. J. Exp. Med. 186:1769-74
135. Fisch P, Meuer E, Pende D, Rothenfusser S, Viale O, Kock S, Ferrone S, Fradelizi D, Klein G, Moretta L, Rammensee HG, Boon T, Coulie P, van der Bruggen P. 1997. Control of B cell lymphoma recognition via natural killer inhibitory receptors implies a role for human Vgamma/Vdelta2 T cells in tumor immunity. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3368-79
136. Poccia F, Cipriani E, Vendetti S, Colizzi V, Poquet Y, Battistini L, López-Botet M, Fournié JJ, Gougeon ML. 1997. CD94/NKG2 inhibitory receptor complex modulates both anti-viral and anti-tumoral responses of polyclonal phosphoantigen-reactive Vgamma9V-delta2 T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 159:6009-17
137. De Maria A, Ferraris A, Guastella M, Pilia S, Cantoni C, Polero L, Mingari MC, Bassetti D, Fauci AS, Moretta L. 1997. Expression of HLA class I-specific inhibitory natural killer cell receptors in HIV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes: impairment of specific cytolytic functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:10285-88
138. Bakker ABH, Phillips JH, Figdor CG, Lanier LL. 1998. Killer cell inhibitory receptors for MHC class I molecules regulate lysis of melanoma cells mediated by NK cells, gamma/delta T cells, and antigen-specific CTL. J. Immunol. 160:5239-45
139. + cells. J. Immunol. 160:1158-65
140. + T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:1172-77
141. Mingari MC, Moretta A, Moretta L, 1998, Regulation of KIR expression in human T cells: a safety mechanism that may impair protective T-cell responses. Immunol. Today 19:153-57
142. Griffith TS, Brunner T, Fletcher SM, Green DR, Ferguson TA. 1995. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science 270:1189-92
143. Apte RS, Sinha D, Mayhew E, Wistow GJ, Niederkorn JY. 1998. Cutting edge: role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in inhibiting NK cell activity and preserving immune privilege. J. Immunol. 160:5693-96
144. Sun HW, Bernhagen J, Bucala R, Lulis E. 1996. Crystal structure at 2.6-∼A resolution of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:5191-96
145. Rouas-Freiss N, Gonçalves RMB, Menier C, Dausset J, Carosella ED. 1997. Direct evidence to support the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from maternal uterine natural killer cytolysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11520-25
146. Pérez-Villar JJ, Melero I, Navarro F, Carretero M, Bellón T, Llano M, Colonna M, Geraghty DE, López-Botet M. 1997. The CD94/NKG2-A inhibitory receptor complex is involved in natural killer cell-mediated recognition of cells expressing HLA-G1. J. Immunol. 158:5736-43
147. Soderstrom K, Corliss B, Lanier LL, Phillips JH. 1997. CD94/NKG2 is the predominant inhibitory receptor involved in recognition of HLA-G by decidual and peripheral NK cells. J. Immunol. 159:1072-75
148. Pende D, Sivori S, Accame L, Pareti L, Falco M, Geraghty D, Le Bouteiller P, Moretta L, Moretta A. 1997. HLA-G recognition by human natural killer cells. Involvement of CD94 both as inhibitory and as activating receptor complex. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1875-80
149. Mandelboim O, Pazmany L, Davis DM, Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT, Rybalov B, Strominger JL. 1997. Multiple receptors for HLA-G on human natural killer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 94:14666-70
150. Pazmany L, Mandelboim O, Vales-Gomez M, Davis DM, Reyburn HT, Strominger JL. 1996. Protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis by HLA-G expression on target cells. Science 274:792-95
151. Münz C, Holmes N, King A, Loke YW, Colonna M, Schild H, Rammensee HG. 1997. HLA-G molecules inhibit NKAT3 expressing natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 185:385-91
152. Rouas-Freiss N, Marchal RE, Kirszenbaum M, Dausset J, Carosella ED. 1997. The alpha1 domain of HLA-G1 and HLA-G2 inhibits cytotoxicity induced by natural killer cells: Is HLA-G the public ligand for natural killer cell inhibitory receptors? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5249-54
153. Paul P, Rouas-Freiss N, Khalil-Daher I, Moreau P, Riteau B, Le Gal FA, Avril MF, Dausset J, Guillet JG, Carosella ED. 1998. HLA-G expression in melanoma: a way for tumor cells to escape from immunosurveillance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:4510-15
154. Biron CA. 1997. Activation and function of natural killer cell responses during viral infections. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:24-34
155. Ploegh HL. 1998. Viral strategies of immune evasion. Science 280:248-53
156. Reyburn HT, Mandelboim O, Valés-Gómez M, Davis DM, Pazmany L, Strominger JL. 1997. The class I MHC homologue of human cytomegatovirus inhibits attack by natural killer cells. Nature 386:514-17
157. Leong CC, Chapman TL, Bjorkman PJ, Formankova D, Mocarski ES, Phillips JH, Lanier LL. 1998. Modulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity in human cytomegalovirus infection: the role of endogenous class I major histocompatibility complex and a virat class I homolog. J. Exp. Med. 187:1681-87
158. Farrell HE, Vally H, Lynch DM, Fleming P, Shellam GR, Scalzo AA, Davis-Poynter NJ. 1997. Inhibition of natural killer cells by a cytomegalovirus MHC class I homologue in vivo. Nature 386:510-14
159. Forbes CA, Brown MG, Cho R, Shellam GR, Yokoyama WM, Scalzo AA. 1997. The Cmv1 host resistance locus is closely linked to the Ly49 multigene family within the natural killer cell gene complex on mouse chromosome 6. Genomics 41:406-13
160. Le Gall S, Erdtmann L, Benichou S, Berlioz-Torrent C, Liu L, Benarous R, Heard JM, Schwartz O. 1998. Nef interacts with the mu subunit of clathrin adaptor complexes and reveals a cryptic sorting signal in MHC I molecules. Immunity 8:483-95
161. Janeway CA Jr. 1998. Presidential address to the American Association of Immunologists. The road less traveled by: the role of innate immunity in the adaptive immune response. J. Immunol. 161:539-44