Evolution and applications of the QuEChERS method

TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 71, Issue , 2015, Pages 169-185

  González Curbelo, M Á ^a,b   Socas Rodriguez B ^a   Herrera Herrera, A V ^a   Gonzalez Salamo J ^a   Hernandez Borges J ^a   Rodríguez Delgado, M Á ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD EAN   (Colombia)

Author keywords

Bioanalysis; Environment; Extraction; Food; Mycotoxin; Pesticide; Pharmaceutical; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; QuEChERS; Sample pretreatment

Indexed keywords

DRUG PRODUCTS; EXTRACTION; FOOD PRODUCTS; MINERAL OILS; PESTICIDES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

BIOANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENT; MYCOTOXIN; QUECHERS; SAMPLE PRETREATMENT;

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION;

ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; ACETONE; ACETONITRILE; AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; AMMONIUM FORMATE; ISOOCTANE; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; PESTICIDE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SOLVENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANALYTIC METHOD; BINDING AFFINITY; DRUG ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; EXTRACTION; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS; PESTICIDE ANALYSIS; PH; PHASE SEPARATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; QUICK EASY CHEAP EFFECTIVE RUGGED AND SAFE METHOD; REVIEW; SAMPLE SIZE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SOLVENT EFFECT; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TOXIN ANALYSIS;

EID: 84941259283     PISSN: 01659936     EISSN: 18793142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.012     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Anastassiades M., Lehotay S.J., Štajnbaher D., Schenck F.J. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and "dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int 2003, 86:412-431.
2. de la Guardia M., Garrigues S. Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
3. Trent T. Veterinary drug residue analysis using the AutoMate-Q40: An automated solution to QuEChERS, LC-GC N 2014, Am. The application notebook, Jun 1, 24.
4. Trent T. Pesticide analysis using the AutoMate-Q40: An automated solution to QuEChERS extractions, LC-GC N 2013, Am. The application notebook, Jun.1, 25.
5. Trent T. Determination of carbendazim in orange juice using an automated QuEChERS solution, LC GC N 2014, Am. Sep. 1, 26.
6. Kaewsuya P., Brewer W.E., Wong J., Morgan S.L. Automated QuEChERS tips for analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by GC-MS. J. Agric. Food Chem 2013, 61:2299-2314.
7. Teledyne Tekmar website, <> (accessed 03.11.14). http://www.teledynetekmar.com/AutoMateQ40/.
8. Concetta Bruzzoniti M., Checchini L., De Carlo R.M., Orlandini S., Rivoira L., Del Bubba M. QuEChERS sample preparation for the determination of pesticides and other organic residues in environmental matrices: a critical review. Anal. Bioanal. Chem 2014, 406:4089-4116.
9. Martínez-Domínguez G., Plaza-Bolaños P., Romero-González R., Garrido-Frenich A. Analytical approaches for the determination of pesticide residues in nutraceutical products and related matrices by chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014, 118:277-291.
10. Andersson A., Pålsheden H. Comparison of the efficiency of different GLC multi-residue methods on crops containing pesticide residues. Fresen. J. Anal. Chem 1991, 339:365-367.
11. Eller K.I., Lehotay S.J. Evaluation of hydromatrix and magnesium sulfate drying agents for supercritical fluid extraction of multiple pesticides in produce. Analyst 1997, 122:429-435.
12. Valverde-García A., Fernández-Alba A.R., Agüera A., Contreras M. Extraction of methamidophos residues from vegetables with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. J. AOAC Int 1995, 78:867-873.
13. Lehotay S.J., De Kok A., Hiemstra M., Van Bodegraven P. Validation of a fast and easy method for the determination of residues from 229 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. J. AOAC Int 2005, 88:595-614.
14. European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Standard Method EN 15662 Food of plant origin - determination of pesticide residues using GC-MS and/or LC-MS/MS following acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and clean-up by dispersive SPE - QuEChERS method and. http://www.quechers.com.
15. Lehotay S.J. Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int 2007, 90:485-520.
16. Mastovska K., Dorweiler K.J., Lehotay S.J., Wegscheid J.S., Szpylka K.A. Pesticide multiresidue analysis in cereal grains using modified QuEChERS method combined with automated direct sample introduction GC-TOFMS and UPLC-MS/MS techniques. J. Agric. Food Chem 2010, 58:5959-5972.
17. González-Curbelo M.Á., Herrera-Herrera A.V., Ravelo-Pérez L.M., Hernández-Borges J. Sample-preparation methods for pesticide-residue analysis in cereals and derivatives. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem 2012, 38:32-51.
18. Wilkowska A., Biziuk M. Determination of pesticide residues in food matrices using the QuEChERS methodology. Food Chem 2011, 125:803-812.
19. Kinsella B., Lehotay S.J., Mastovska K., Lightfield A.R., Furey A., Danaher M. New method for the analysis of flukicide and other anthelmintic residues in bovine milk and liver using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 637:196-207.
20. González-Curbelo M.Á., Hernández-Borges J., Ravelo-Pérez L.M., Rodríguez-Delgado M.Á. Insecticides extraction from banana leaves using a modified QuEChERS method. Food Chem 2011, 125:1083-1090.
21. Li L., Li W., Qin D.M., Jiang S.R., Liu F.M. Application of graphitized carbon black to the QuEChERS method for pesticide multiresidue analysis in spinach. J. AOAC Int 2009, 92:538-547.
22. Lehotay S.J., Son A.K., Kwon H., Koesukwiwat U., Fu W., Mastovska K., et al. Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetable. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217:2548-2560.
23. González-Curbelo M.Á., Lehotay S.J., Hernández-Borges J., Rodríguez-Delgado M.Á. Use of ammonium formate in QuEChERS for high-throughput analysis of pesticides in food by fast, low-pressure gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1358:75-84.
24. Han L., Sapozhnikova Y., Lehotay S.J. Streamlined sample clean-up using combined dispersive solid-phase extraction and in-vial filtration for analysis of pesticides and environmental pollutants in shrimp. Anal. Chim. Acta 2014, 827:40-46.
25. Lehotay S.J., Anastassiades M., Majors R.E. The QuEChERS revolution 2010, LCGC Europe 23, 446.
26. Nguyen T.D., Lee B.S., Lee B.R., Lee D.M., Lee G. A multiresidue method for the determination of 109 pesticides in rice using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with temperature control and vacuum concentration. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom 2007, 21:3115-3122.
27. Payá P., Anastassiades M., Mack D., Sigalova I., Tasdelen B., Oliva J., et al. Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem 2007, 389:1697-1714.
28. Geis-Asteggiante L., Lehotay S.J., Heinzen H. Effects of temperature and purity of magnesium sulfate during extraction of pesticide residues using the QuEChERS method. J. AOAC Int 2012, 95:1311-1318.
29. Walorczyc S. Development of a multi-residue method for the determination of pesticides in cereals and dry animal feed using gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry: II. Improvement and extension to new analytes. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1208:202-214.
30. Koesukwiwat U., Lehotay S.J., Mastovska K., Dorweiler X.K.J., Leepipatpiboon N. Pesticide multiresidue analysis in cereal grains using modified QuEChERS method combined with automated direct sample introduction GC-TOFMS and UHPLC-MS/MS Techniques. J. Agric. Food Chem 2010, 58:5950-5972.
31. Norli H.R., Christiansen A., Deribe E. Application of QuEChERS method for extraction of selected persisten organic pollutants in fish tissue and analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:7234-7241.
32. Sapozhnikova Y., Lehotay S.J. Multi-class, multiresidue analysis of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PBDEs and novel flame retardants in fish using fast, low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2013, 758:80-92.
33. Rajski L., Lozano A., Uclés A., Ferrer C., Fernández-Alba A.R. Determination of pesticide residues in high oil vegetal commodities by using various multi-residue methods and clean-ups followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1304:109-120.
34. Walorczyk S., Drozdzyński D., Kierzek R. Determination of pesticide residues in samples of green minor crops by gas chromatography and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015, 132:197-204.
35. Hou X., Lei S.R., Qiu S.T., Guo L.A., Yi S.G., Liu W. A multi-residue method for the determination of pesticides in tea using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a dispersive solid phase extraction absorbent. Food Chem 2014, 153:121-129.
36. Li Y.-F., Qiao L.-Q., Li F.-W., Ding Y., Yang Z.-J., Wang M.-L. Determination of multiple pesticides in fruits and vegetables using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method with magnetic nanoparticles and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1361:77-87.
37. Koesukwiwat U., Sanguankaew K., Leepipatpiboon N. Rapid determination of phenoxy acid residues in rice by modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 626:10-20.
38. Nguyen T.D., Lee M.H., Lee G.H. Rapid determination of 95 pesticides in soybean oil using liquid-liquid extraction followed by centrifugation, freezing and dispersive solid phase extraction as clean-up steps and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Microchem. J. 2010, 95:113-119.
39. Schenk F.J., Brown A.N., Podhorniak L.V. A rapid multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables by using acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and solid-phase extraction column clean-up. J. AOAC Int 2008, 91:422-438.
40. Hunter R.E., Riederer A.M., Ryan P.B. Method for the determination of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in food via gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J. Agric. Food Chem 2010, 58:1396-1402.
41. González-Curbelo M.Á., Hernández-Borges J., Borges-Miquel T.M., Rodríguez-Delgado M.Á. Determination of pesticides and their metabolites in processed cereal samples. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess 2012, 29:104-116.
42. Jiang Y., Li X., Xu J., Pan C., Zhang J., Niu W. Multiresidue method for the determination of 77 pesticides in wine using QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam 2009, 26:859-866.
43. Chung S.W.C., Chan B.T.P. Validation and use of a fast sample preparation method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in analysis of ultra-trace levels of 98 organophosphorus pesticide and carbamate residues in a total diet study involving diversified food types. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217:4815-4824.
44. Sapozhnikova Y. Evaluation of low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of >140 pesticides in fish. J. Agric. Food Chem 2014, 62:3684-3689.
45. Fernandes V.C., Domingues V.F., Mateus N., Delerue-Matos C. Multiresidue pesticides analysis in soils using modified QuEChERS with disposable pipette extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction. J. Sep. Sci 2013, 36:376-382.
46. Usui K., Hayashizaki Y., Minagawa T., Hashiyada M., Nakano A., Funayama M. Rapid determination of disulfoton and its oxidative metabolites in human whole blood and urine using QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Leg. Med 2012, 14:309-316.
47. Fenik J., Tankiewicz M., Biziuk M. Properties and determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem 2011, 30:814-826.
48. Botitsi H.V., Garbis S.D., Economou A., Tsipi D.F. Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices. Mass Spectrom. Rev 2011, 30:907-939.
49. Ribeiro C., Ribeiro A.R., Maia A.S., Gonçalves V.M.F., Tiritan M.E. New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem 2014, 44:142-185.
50. Niell S., Cesio V., Hepperle J., Doerk D., Kirsch L., Kolberg D., et al. QuEChERS-based method for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in beeswax by LC-MS/MS and GC×GC-TOF. J. AOAC Int 2014, 62:3675-3683.
51. Bol'shakova D.S., Amelina V.G., Tret'yakova A.V. Determination of polar pesticides in soil by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using QuEChERS sample preparation. Anal. Chem 2014, 69:89-97.
52. Lee S.W., Choi J.-H., Cho S.-K., Yu H.-A., El-Aty A.M.A., Shim J.-H. Development of a new QuEChERS method based on dry ice for the determination of 168 pesticides in paprika using tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:4366-4377.
53. Official Journal of the European Union L15 20 January 2010, Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 of 22 December 2009 on pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin 2009, Brussels, Belgium.
54. Abdallah H., Arnaudguilhem C., Jaber F., Lobinski R. Multiresidue analysis of 22 sulfonamides and their metabolites in animal tissues using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and high resolution mass spectrometry (hybrid linear iontrap-Orbitrap). J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1355:61-72.
55. Lombardo-Agüí M., Gámiz-Gracia L., Cruces-Blanco C., García-Campaña A.M. Comparison of different sample treatments for the analysis of quinolones in milk by capillary-liquid chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:4966-4971.
56. Cooper K.M., Whyte M., Danaher M., Kennedy D.G. Emergency slaughter of casualty cattle increases the prevalence of anthelmintic drug residues in muscle. Food Addit. Contam 2012, 29:1263-1271.
57. Cooper K.M., Whelan M., Kennedy D.G., Trigueros G., Cannavan A., Boon P.E., et al. Anthelmintic drug residues in beef: UHPLC-MS/MS method validation, European retail beef survey, and associated exposure and risk assessments. Food Addit. Contam 2012, 29:746-760.
58. Whelan M., Kinsella B., Furey A., Moloney M., Cantwell H., Lehotay S.J., et al. Determination of anthelmintic drug residues in milk using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with rapid polarity switching. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217:4612-4622.
59. Kinsella B., Whelan M., Cantwell H., McCormack M., Furey A., Lehotay S.J., et al. A dual validation approach to detect anthelmintic residues in bovine liver over an extended concentration range. Talanta 2010, 83:14-24.
60. Martínez-Villalba A., Moyano E., Galcerán M.T. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of benzimidazole compounds in milk samples. J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1313:119-131.
61. Kang J., Fan C.-L., Chang Q.-Y., Bu M.-N., Zhao Z.-Y., Wang W., et al. Simultaneous determination of multi-class veterinary drug residues in different muscle tissues by modified QuEChERS combined with HPLC-MS/MS. Anal. Methods 2014, 6:6285-6293.
62. Martínez-Villalba A., Vaclavik L., Moyano E., Galceran M.T., Hajšlova J. Direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of antiparasitic veterinary drugs in feed and food. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom 2013, 27:467-475.
63. Lopes R.P., Reyes R.C., Romero-González R., Frenich A.G., Vidal J.L.M. Development and validation of a multiclass method for the determination of veterinary drug residues in chicken by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012, 89:201-208.
64. Villar-Pulido M., Gilbert-López B., García-Reyes J.F., Martos N.R., Molina-Díaz A. Multiclass detection and quantitation of antibiotics and veterinary drugs in shrimps by fast liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011, 85:1419-1427.
65. Plössl F., Giera M., Bracher F. Multiresidue analytical method using dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry to determine pharmaceuticals in whole blood. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1135:19-26.
66. Lopes R.P., de Freitas Passos É.E., de Alkimim Filho J.F., Vargas E.A., Augusti D.V., Augusti R. Development and validation of a method for the determination of sulfonamides in animal feed by modified QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS analysis. Food Control 2012, 28:192-198.
67. Jia W., Chu X., Ling Y., Huang J., Chang J. Multi-mycotoxin analysis in dairy products by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1345:107-114.
68. Rodríguez-Carrasco Y., Font G., Moltó J.C., Berrada H. Quantitative determination of trichothecenes in breadsticks by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess 2014, 31:1422-1430.
69. Rodríguez-Carrasco Y., Moltó J.C., Berrada H., Mañes J. A survey of trichothecenes, zearalenone and patulin in milled grain-based products using GC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2014, 146:212-219.
70. Koesukwiwat U., Sanguankaew K., Leepipatpiboon N. Evaluation of a modified QuEChERS method for analysis of mycotoxins in rice. Food Chem 2014, 153:44-51.
71. Rodríguez-Carrasco Y., Font G., Mañes J., Berrada H. Determination of mycotoxins in bee pollen by gas chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem 2013, 61:1999-2005.
72. Vaclavik L., Zachariasova M., Hrbek V., Hajslova J. Analysis of multiple mycotoxins in cereals under ambient conditions using direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2010, 82:1950-1957.
73. Liu Y., Han S., Lu M., Wang P., Han J., Wang J. Modified QuEChERS method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem masss pectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 26 mycotoxins in sesame butter. J. Chromatogr. B 2014, 970:68-76.
74. Llorent-Martínez E.J., Ortega-Barrales P., Fernández-de Córdova M.L., Ruiz-Medina A. Quantitation of ochratoxin A in cereals and feedstuff using sequential injection analysis with luminescence detection. Food Control 2013, 30:379-385.
75. Lohrey Q.W.L., Cramer B., Yuan Z., Humpf H.-U. Impact of physicochemical parameters on the decomposition of deoxynivalenol during extrusion cooking of wheat grits. J. Agric. Food Chem 2012, 59:12480-12485.
76. Cunha S.C., Fernandes J.O. Development and validation of a method based on a QuEChERS procedure and heart-cutting GC-MS for determination of five mycotoxins in cereal products. J. Sep. Sci 2010, 33:600-609.
77. Kleigrewe K., Söhnel A.-C., Humpf H.-U. A new high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry method based on dispersive solid phase extraction for the determination of the mycotoxin fusarin c in corn ears and processed corn samples. J. Agric. Food Chem 2011, 59:10470-10476.
78. Kao T.H., Chen S., Huang C.W., Chen C.J., Chen B.H. Occurrence and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in kindling-free-charcoal grilled meat products in Taiwan. Food Chem. Toxicol 2014, 71:149-158.
79. Madureira T.V., Velhote S., Santos C., Cruzeiro C., Rocha E., Rocha M.J. A step forward using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) based extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry - levels of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wild and commercial mussels. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int 2014, 21:6089-6098.
80. Escarrone A.L.V., Caldas S.S., Furlong E.B., Meneghetti V.L., Fagundes C.A.A., Arias J.L.O., et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice grain dried by different processes: evaluation of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction method. Food Chem 2014, 146:597-602.
81. Chen S., Kao T.H., Chen C.J., Huang C.W., Chen B.H. Reduction of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat by sugar-smoking and ietary exposure assessment in Taiwan. J. Agric. Food Chem 2013, 61:7645-7653.
82. Cai S.-S., Stevens J., Syage J.A. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry for high-sensitivity analysis of US Environmental Protection Agency sixteen priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in oysters. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1227:138-144.
83. Kao T.H., Chen S., Chen C.J., Huang C.W., Chen B.H. Evaluation of analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the QuEChERS method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their formation in poultry meat as affected by marinating and frying. J. Agric. Food Chem 2012, 60:1380-1389.
84. Smoker M., Tran K., Smith R.E. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in shrimp. J. Agric. Food Chem 2010, 58:12101-12104.
85. Surma M., Rociek A.S., Cieślik E. The application of d-SPE in the QuEChERS method for the determination of PAHs in food of animal origin with GC-MS detection. Eur. Food Res. Technol 2014, 238:1029-1036.
86. Yoo M., Lee S., Kim S., Kim S., Seo H., Shin D. A comparative study of the analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol 2014, 49:1480-1489.
87. Sadowska-Rociek A., Surma M., Cieślik E. Comparison of different modifications on QuEChERS sample preparation method for PAHs determination in black, green, red and white tea. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int 2014, 21:1326-1338.
88. Angioni A., Porcu L., Secci M., Addis P. QuEChERS method for the determination of PAH compounds in Sardinia Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) Roe, using gas chromatography ITMS-MS analysis. Food Anal. Methods 2012, 5:1131-1136.
89. Forsberg N.D., Wilson G.R., Anderson K.A. Determination of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-fat salmon using a modified QuEChERS extraction, dispersive SPE and GC MS. J. Agric. Food Chem 2011, 59:8108-8116.
90. Ramalhosa M.J., Paíga P., Morais S., Delerue-Matos C., Oliveira M.B.P.P. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: evaluation of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method. J. Sep. Sci 2009, 32:3529-3538.
91. Knobel G., Campiglia A.D. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in milk by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction and capillary electrophoresis. J. Sep. Sci 2013, 36:2291-2298.
92. Furlani R.P.Z., Dias F.F.G., Nogueira P.M., Gomes F.M.L., Tfouni S.A.V., Camargo M.C.R. Occurrence of macrocyclic lactones in milk and yogurt from Brazilian market. Food Control 2015, 48:43-47.
93. Bang D.Y., Byeon S.K., Moon M.H. Rapid and simple extraction of lipids from blood plasma and urine for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1331:19-26.
94. Jia W., Ling Y., Lin Y., Chang J., Chu X. Analysis of additives in dairy products by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1336:67-75.
95. Vulliet E., Berloiz-Barbier A., Lafay F., Baudot R., Wiest L., Vauchez A., et al. A national reconnaissance for selected organic micropollutants in sediments on French territory. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int 2014, 21:11370-11379.
96. Cunha S.C., Cunha C., Ferreira A.R., Fernandes J.O. Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned seafood combining QuEChERS extraction with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem 2012, 404:2453-2463.
97. Domínguez-Álvarez J., Rodríguez-Gonzalo E., Hernández-Méndez J., Carabias Martínez R. Programed nebulizing-gas pressure mode for quantitative capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis of endocrine disruptors in honey. Electrophoresis 2012, 33:2374-2381.
98. Hlouskova V., Hradkova P., Poustka J., Branbilla G., De Filipps S.P., D'Hollander W., et al. Ocurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess 2013, 30:1918-1932.
99. Ma Y., Hashi Y., Ji F., Li J.M. Determination of phthalates in fruit jellies by dispersive SPE coupled with HPLC-MS. J. Sep. Sci 2010, 33:251-257.
100. Omar M.M.A., Elbashir A.A., Schmitz O.J. Determination of acrylamide in Sudanese food by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015, 176:342-349.
101. Wurita A., Hasegawa K., Minakata K., Gonmori K., Nozawa H., Yamagishi I., et al. Postmortem distribution of α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone in body fluids and solid tissues of a human cadaver. Leg. Med 2014, 16:241-246.
102. Dreyer A., Thuens S., Kirchgeorg T., Radke M. Ombrotrophic peat bogs are not suited as natural archives to investigate the historical atmospheric deposition of perfluoroalkyl substances. Environ. Sci. Technol 2012, 46:7512-7519.
103. Bustamante-Rangel M., Delgado-Zamarreño M.M., Pérez-Martín L., Carabias-Martínez R. QuEChERS method for the extraction of isoflavones from soy-based foods before determination by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Microchem. J. 2013, 108:203-209.
104. Chen J., Mullin C.A. Quantitative determination of trisiloxane surfactants in beehive environments based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol 2013, 47:9317-9323.
105. Omar M.M.A., Ibrahim W.A.W., Elbashir A.A. Sol-gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane as a new dispersive solid-phase extraction material for acrylamide determination in food with direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Food Chem 2014, 158:302-309.
106. Filigenzi M.S., Ehrke N., Anton L.S., Poppenga R. Evaluation of a rapid screening method for chemical contaminats of concern in four food-related matrices using QuEChERS extraction, UHPLC and high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam 2011, 28:1324-1339.
107. Lloret-Martínez E.J., Jiménez-López J., Fernández-de Córdova M.L., Ortega-Barrales P., Ruíz-Medina A. Quantitation of hydroxytyrosol in food products using sequential injection analysis fluorescence detector. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess 2013, 30:1485-1492.
108. Fan C.L., Chang Q.Y., Pang G.F., Li Z.Y., Kang J., Pan G.Q., et al. High-throughput analytical techniques for determination of residues of 653 multiclass pesticides and chemical pollutants in tea, part II: comparative study of extraction efficiencies of three sample preparation techniques. J. AOAC Int 2013, 96:432-440.
109. Usui K., Hayashizaki Y., Hashiyada M., Funayama M. Rapid drug extraction from human whole blood using a modified QuEChERS extraction method. Leg. Med 2012, 14:286-296.
110. Cerqueira M.B.R., Caldas S.S., Primel E.G. New sorbent in the dispersive solid phase extraction step of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe for the extraction of organic contaminants in drinking water treatment sludge. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1336:10-22.
111. Berlioz-Barbier A., Vauchez A., Wiest L., Baudot R., Vulliet E., Cren-Olivé C. Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in sediment using QuEChERS-based extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem 2014, 406:1259-1266.
112. Silva C.L., Haesen N., Câmara J.S. A new and improved strategy combining a dispersive-solid phase extraction-based multiclass method with ultra high pressure liquid chromatography for analysis of low molecular weight polyphenols in vegetables. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1260:154-163.
113. Valente I.M., Santos C.M., Moreira M.M., Rodrigues J.A. New application of the QuEChERS methodology for the determination of volatile phenols in beverages by liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1217:27-32.
114. Gallart-Ayala H., Núñez O., Moyano E., Galcerán M.T. Analysis of UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food by fast liquid chromatography at sub-ambient temperature coupled to mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:459-466.