Antibiotic resistance among commercially available probiotics

Food Research International

Volumn 57, Issue , 2014, Pages 176-195

  Sharma, Poonam ^a   Tomar, Sudhir Kumar ^a   Goswami, Pawas ^b   Sangwan, Vikas ^a   Singh, Rameshwar ^c  

^a NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

^c INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Commensal microbiota; Lactic acid bacteria; Pathogens; Probiotics

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES; ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT; FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS; LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIOTAS; PROBIOTICS;

ANTIBIOTICS; BACTERIA; DNA; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENS;

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 84893382614     PISSN: 09639969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.025     Document Type: Review

References (290)

1. Abriouel H., Omar N.B., Molinos A.C., López R.L., Grande M.J., Martínez-Viedma P., et al. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity and incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococcal populations from raw fruit and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008, 123:38-49.
2. Ahn C., Collins-Thompson D., Duncan C., Stiles M.E. Mobilization and location of the genetic determinant of chloramphenicol resistance from Lactobacillus plantarum caTC2R. Plasmid 1992, 27:169-176.
3. Aires J., Doucet-Populaire F., Butel M.J. Tetracycline resistance mediated by tet(W), tet(M), and tet(O)genes of Bifidobacterium isolates from humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2007, 73:2751-2754.
4. Aires J., Thouverez M., Doucet-Populaire F., Butel M.J. Consecutive human bifidobacteria isolates and acquired tet genes. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2009, 33:291-293.
5. Albenzio M., Santillo A., Caroprese M., Braghieri A., Sevi A., Napolitano F. Composition and sensory profiling of probiotic Scamorza ewe milk cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 2013, 96:2792-2800.
6. Albenzio M., Santillo A., Caroprese M., Ruggieri D., Napolitano F., Sevi A. Physicochemical properties of Scamorza ewe milk cheese manufactured with different probiotic cultures. Journal of Dairy Science 2013, 96:2781-2791.
7. Albert T.J., Dailidiene D., Dailide G., Norton J.E., Kalia A., Richmond T.A., et al. Mutation discovery in bacterial genomes: metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Nature Methods 2005, 2:951-953.
8. Almeida M.H.B., Cruz A.G., Faria J.A.F., Moura M.R.L., Carvalho L.M.J., Freitas M.C.J. Effect of the açaí pulp on the sensorial attributes of probiotic yoghurts. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2009, 4:41-44.
9. Almeida M.H.B., Zoellner S.S., Cruz A.G., Moura M.R.L., Carvalho L.M.J., Sant'Ana A.S. Potentially probiotic açaí yoghurt. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2008, 61:178-182.
10. Ammor M.S., Flórez A.B., Alvarez-Martín P., Margolles A., Mayo B. Analysis of tetracycline resistance tet(W) genes and their flanking sequences in intestinal Bifidobacterium species. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008, 62:688-693.
11. Ammor M.S., Florez A.B., Mayo B. Antibiotic resistance in non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Microbiology 2007, 24:559-570.
12. Ammor M.S., Gueimonde M., Danielsen M., Zagorec M., van Hoek A.H.A.M., de Los Reyes-Gavila'n C.G., et al. Two different tetracycline resistance mechanisms, plasmid-carried tet(L) and chromosomally located transposon-associated tet(M), coexist in Lactobacillus sakei rits 9. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74:1394-1401.
13. Andersson D.I., Hughes D. Antibiotic resistance and its cost: Is it possible to reverse resistance?. Nature Reviews. Microbiology 2010, 8:260-271.
14. Andremont A. Commensal flora may play key role in spreading antibiotic resistance. ASM News 2003, 69:601-607.
15. Anonym Antibiotic resistance. GAO-04-490. Antibiotic use in animals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004, 70:1555-1562.
16. Ashraf R., Shah N.P. Antibiotic resistance of probiotic organisms and safety of probiotic dairy products. International Food Research Journal 2011, 18:837-853.
17. Aslim B., Beyatli Y. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid DNA contents of S. thermophilus strains isolated from Turkish yoghurts. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2004, 28:257-263.
18. Aso Y., Akazan H. Prophylactic effect of a Lactobacillus casei preparation on the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urologia Internationalis 1992, 49:125-129.
19. Barlow S., Chesson A., Collins J.D., Dybing E., Flynn A., Fruijtier-Pölloth C., et al. Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA. EFSA Journal 2007, 587:1-16.
20. Belletti N., Gatti M., Bottari B., Neviani E., Tabanelli G., Gardini F. Antibiotic resistance of lactobacilli isolated from two Italian hard cheeses. Journal of Food Protection 2009, 72:2162-2169.
21. Berg R.D. Probiotics, prebiotics or "conbiotics". Trends in Microbiology 1998, 6:89-92.
22. Bernardeau M., Vernoux J.P., Henri-Dubernet S., Guéguen M. Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: The Lactobacillus genus. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008, 126:278-285.
23. Bernet M.F., Brassart D., Neeser J.R., Servin A.L. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell-lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria. Gut 1994, 35:483-489.
24. Beyan A., Ketema T., Bacha K. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ergo, a traditional Ethiopian fermented milk. Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences 2011, 7:9-17.
25. Blandino A., Al-Aseeri M.E., Pandiella S.S., Cantero D., Webb C. Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages. Food Research International 2003, 36:527-543.
26. Blandino G., Milazzo I., Fazio D. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from probiotic products available in Italy. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 2008, 20:199-203.
27. Borriello S.P., Hammes W.P., Holzapfel W., Marteau P., Schrezenmeir J., Vaara M., et al. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2003, 36:775-780.
28. Boyle R.J., Robins-Browne R.M., Tang M.L. Probiotic use in clinical practice: What are the risks?. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006, 83:1256-1264.
29. Cargill Cargill beverage concepts will address consumer demands for health, taste and texture at IFT 2008 Available from. http://www.cargill.com/newscenter/news-releases/2008/NA3007612.jsp.
30. Castro W.F., Cruz A.G., Bisinotto M.S., Guerreiro L.M.R., Faria J.A.F., Bolini H.M.A., et al. Development of probiotic dairy beverages: Rheological properties and application of mathematical models in sensory evaluation. Journal of Dairy Science 2013, 96:16-25.
31. Cataloluk O., Gogebakan B. Presence of drug resistance in intestinal lactobacilli of dairy and human origin in Turkey. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2004, 236:7-12.
32. Chapman C.M., Gibson G.R., Rowland I. Health benefits of probiotics: Are mixtures more effective than single strains?. European Journal of Nutrition 2011, 50:1-17.
33. Charpentier E., Courvalin P. Antibiotic resistance in Listeria spp. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1999, 43:2103-2108.
34. Charteris W.P., Kelly P.M. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Second Annual Report, EU FLAIR Project No. AGRF-CT91-0053 1993, Brussels, Commission of the European Communities. L. Morelli (Ed.).
35. Charteris W.P., Kelly P.M., Morelli L., Collins J.K. Development and application of an in vitro methodology to determine the transit tolerance of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in the upper human gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1998, 84:759-768.
36. Citak S., Yucel N., Orhan S. Antibiotic resistance and incidence of Enterococcus species in Turkish white cheese. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2004, 57:27-31.
37. Claycamp H.G., Hooberman B.H. Antimicrobial resistance risk assessment in food safety. Journal of Food Protection 2004, 67:2063-2071.
38. Clewell D.B. Bacterial sex pheromone-induced plasmid transfer. Cell 1993, 73:9-12.
39. Clewell D.B., Flannagan S.E., Jaworski D.D. Unconstrained bacterial promiscuity: The Tn916-Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons. Trends in Microbiology 1995, 3:229-236.
40. Cocconcelli P.S., Cattiveli D., Gazzola S. Gene transfer of vancomycin and tetracycline resistances among Enterococcus faecalis during cheese and sausage fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 88:315-323.
41. Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for risk analysis of food borne antimicrobial resistance 2011, CAC, Rome.
42. Comunian R., Daga E., Dupré I., Paba A., Devirgiliis C., Piccioni V., et al. Susceptibility to tetracycline and erythromycin of Lactobacillus paracasei strains isolated from traditional Italian fermented foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2010, 138:151-156.
43. Coppola R., Succi M., Tremonte P., Reale A., Salzano G., Sorrentino E. Antibiotic susceptibility of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Le Lait 2005, 85:193-204.
44. Corcionivoschi N., Drinceanu D., Stef L., Luca I., Julean C., Mingyart O. Probiotics-Identification and ways of action. Innovative Romanian Food Biotechnology 2010, 6:1-11.
45. Courvalin P. Antibiotic resistance: The pros and cons of probiotics. Digestive and Liver Disease 2006, 38:261-265.
46. Courvalin P., Goussard S., Grillot-Courvalin C. Gene transfer from bacteria to mammalian cells. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la Vie 1995, 318:1207-1212.
47. Cruz A.G., Antunes A.E.C., Sousa A.L.O.P., Faria J.A.F., Saad S.M.I. Ice cream as a probiotic food carrier. Food Research International 2009, 42:1233-1239.
48. Cruz A.G., Buriti F.C.A., de Souza C.H.B., Faria J.A.F., Saad S.M.I. Probiotic cheese: Health benefits, technological and stability aspects. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2009, 20:344-354.
49. Cruz A.G., Castro W.F., Faria J.A.F., Bogusz S., Granato D., Celeguini R.M.S., et al. Glucose oxidase: A potential option to decrease the oxidative stress in stirred probiotic yogurt. LWT-Food Science and Technology 2012, 47:512-515.
50. Cruz A.G., Castro W.F., Faria J.A.F., Bolini H.M.A., Celeghini R.M.S., Raices R.S.L., et al. Stability of probiotic yogurt added with glucose oxidase in plastic materials with different permeability oxygen rates during the refrigerated storage. Food Research International 2013, 51:723-728.
51. Cruz A.G., Castro W.F., Faria J.A.F., Lollo P.C.B., Amaya-Farfán J., Freitas M.Q., et al. Probiotic yogurts manufactured with increased glucose oxidase levels: Postacidification, proteolytic patterns, survival of probiotic microorganisms, production of organic acid and aroma compounds. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:2261-2269.
52. Cruz A.G., Faria J.A.F., Walter E.H.M., Andrade R.R., Cavalcanti R.N., Oliveira C.A.F., et al. Processing optimization of probiotic yogurt containing glucose oxidase using response surface methodology. Journal of Dairy Science 2010, 93:5059-5068.
53. D'Aimmo M.R., Modesto M., Biavati B. Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from dairy and pharmaceutical products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2007, 115:35-42.
54. Danielsen M. Characterization of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pMD5057 from Lactobacillus plantarum 5057 reveals a composite structure. Plasmid 2002, 48:98-103.
55. Danielsen M., Wind A.A. Susceptibility of Lactobacillus spp. to antimicrobial agents. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 82:1-11.
56. Davies J. Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science 1994, 264:375-382.
57. Davison J. Genetic exchange between bacteria in the environment. Plasmid 1999, 42:73-91.
58. De Fabrizio S.V., Parada J.L., Torriani S. Antibiotic resistance of Lactococcus lactis-An approach of genetic determinants location through the model system. Microbiologie, Aliments, Nutrition 1994, 12:307-315.
59. de Vries L.E., Vallès Y., Agersø Y., Vaishampayan P.A., García-Montaner A., Kuehl J.V., et al. Tetracycline resistance in mother and infant. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e21644.
60. Deasy J. Antibiotic resistance: The ongoing challenge for effective drug therapy. JAAPA: Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 2009, 22:18-22.
61. Devirgiliis C., Barile S., Caravelli A., Coppola D., Perozzi G. Identification of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci within the fermenting microflora of an Italian dairy food product. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2010, 109:313-323.
62. Devirgiliis C., Barile S., Perozzi G. Antibiotic resistance determinants in the interplay between food and gut microbiota. Genes & Nutrition 2011, 6:275-284.
63. Devirgiliis C., Caravelli A., Coppola D., Barile S., Perozzi G. Antibiotic resistance and microbial composition along the manufacturing process of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008, 128:378-384.
64. Devirgiliis C., Coppola D., Barile S., Colonna B., Perozzi G. Characterization of the Tn916 conjugative transposon in a food-borne strain of Lactobacillus paracasei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:3866-3871.
65. Di Criscio T., Fratianni A., Mignogna R., Cinquanta L., Coppola R., Sorrentino E., et al. Production of functional probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic ice creams. Journal of Dairy Science 2010, 93:4555-4564.
66. DiBaise J.K., Zhang H., Crowell M.D., Krajmalnik-Brown R., Decker G.A., Rittmann B.E. Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2008, 83:460-469.
67. Donnet-Hughes A., Rochat F., Serrant P., Aeschlimann J.M., Schiffrin E.J. Modulation of nonspecific mechanisms of defense by lactic acid bacteria: Effective dose. Journal of Dairy Science 1999, 82:863-869.
68. Donohue D.C., Salminen S., Marteau P. The safety of probiotic bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria: Microbiology and functional aspects 1998, 369-384. Marcel Dekker, New York. A. von Salminen, A. Wright (Eds.).
69. Doyle M.P., Guy H., Loneragan H., Scott M., Randall S., Singer R.S. Antimicrobial resistance: Challenges and perspectives. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2013, 12:1541-1544.
70. Dunne C., O'Mahony L., Murphy L., Thornton G., Morrissey D., O'Halloran S., et al. In vitro selection criteria for probiotic bacteria of human origin: Correlation with in vivo findings. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 73:386-392.
71. Duran G.M., Marshall D.L. Ready-to-eat shrimp as an international vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Journal of Food Protection 2005, 68:2395-2401.
72. Egervärn M., Danielsen M., Roos S., Lindmark H., Lindgren S. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum. Journal of Food Protection 2007, 70:412-418.
73. Egervärn M., Lindmark H., Olsson J., Roos S. Transferability of a tetracycline resistance gene from probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri to bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010, 97:189-200.
74. Ejtahed H.S., Mohtadi-Nia J., Homayouni-Rad A., Niafar M., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Mofid V., et al. Effect of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Dairy Science 2011, 94:3288-3294.
75. Erdourul O., Erbulur F. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus casei from various foods. Turkish Journal of Biology 2006, 30:39-44.
76. Escobar M.C., Van Tassell M.L., Martínez-Bustos F., Singh M., Castaño-Tostado E., Amaya-Llano S.L., et al. Characterization of a Panela cheese with added probiotics and fava bean starch. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:2779-2787.
77. Esmerino E.A., Cruz A.G., Pereira E.P.R., Rodrigues J.B., Faria J.A.F., Bolini H.M.A. The influence of sweeteners in probiotic Petit Suisse cheese in concentrations equivalent to that of sucrose. Journal of Dairy Science 2013, 96:5512-5552.
78. European Commission Opinion of the scientific committee on animal nutrition on the criteria for assessing the safety of micro-organisms resistant to antibiotics of human clinical and veterinary importance 2003, European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General, Directorate C, Scientific Opinions, Brussels, Belgium.
79. European Commission Opinion of the scientific panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed on the updating of the criteria used in the assessment of bacteria for resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary importance. EFSA Journal 2005, 223:1-12.
80. European Commission Technical guidance prepared by the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) on the update of the criteria used in the assessment of bacterial resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary importance. EFSA Journal 2008, 1-15.
81. European Food Safety Authority Opinion of the scientific committee on a request from EFSA on the introduction of a qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA. EFSA Journal 2007, 187:1-16.
82. European Food Safety Authority Technical guidance-Update of the criteria used in the assessment of bacterial resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary importance-Prepared by the panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed. EFSA Journal 2008, 732:1-15.
83. European Food Safety Authority Scientific opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed. EFSA Journal 2012, 10:1-84.
84. FAO/WHO Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria 2001, (Cordoba, Argentina).
85. FAO/WHO Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Working Group Report 2002, April 30 and May 1, 1-11. (London, Ontario, Canada. ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/wgreport2.pdf).
86. Fasoli S., Marzotto M., Rizzoti L., Rossi F., Dellaglio F., Torriani S. Bacterial composition of commercial probiotic products as evaluated by PCR-DGGE analysis. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 82:59-70.
87. Feld L., Bielak E., Hammer K., Wilcks A. Characterization of a small erythromycin resistance plasmid pLFE1 from the food-isolate Lactobacillus plantarum M345. Plasmid 2009, 61:159-170.
88. Feld L., Schjorring S., Hammer K., Licht T.R., Danielsen M., Krogfelt K., et al. Selective pressure affects transfer and establishment of a Lactobacillus plantarum resistance plasmid in the gastrointestinal environment. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008, 61:845-852.
89. Finlay B.B., Falkow S. Common themes in microbial pathogenicity revisited. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1997, 61:136-169.
90. Flórez A.B., Ammor M.S., Alvarez-Martín P., Margolles A., Mayo B. Molecular analysis of tet(W)gene-mediated tetracycline resistance in dominant intestinal Bifidobacterium species from healthy humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:7377-7379.
91. Florez A.B., Danielsen M., Korhonen J., Zycka J., von Wright A., Bardowski J., et al. Antibiotic survey of Lactococcus lactis strains to six antibiotics by Etest, and establishment of new susceptibility-resistance cut-off values. The Journal of Dairy Research 2003, 74:262-268.
92. Florez A.B., Delgado S., Mayo B. Antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a cheese environment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 2005, 51:51-58.
93. Florez A., Tosi L., Danielsen M., von Wright A., Bardowski Morelli L., Mayo B. Resistance-susceptibility profiles of Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus strains to eight antibiotics and proposition of new cut-offs. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2008, 3:249-256.
94. Fons M., Hege T., Lafire M., Raibaud P., Ducluzeau R., Maguin E. Isolation and characterization of a plasmid from Lactobacillus fermentum conferring erythromycin resistance. Plasmid 1997, 37:199-203.
95. Food Processing Modest growth for global probiotic market, 2009 Available from. http://wwwfoodprocessing.com/articles/2008/383.html.
96. Forssten S.D., Sindelar C.W., Ouwehand A.C. Probiotics from an industrial perspective. Anaerobe 2011, 17:410-413.
97. Franz C.M.A.P., Hummel A., Holzapfel W.H. Problems related to the safety assessment of lactic acid bacteria starter cultures and probiotics. Mitteilungen aus Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene 2005, 96:39-65.
98. Franz C.M., Muscholl-Silberhorn A.B., Yousif N.M.K., Vancanneyt M., Swings J., Holzapfel W.H. Incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among Enterococci isolated from food. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001, 67:4385-4389.
99. Fritzen-Freire C.B., Prudêncio E.S., Pinto S.S., Muñoz I.B., Müller C.M.O., Vieira C.R.W., et al. Effect of the application of Bifidobacterium BB-12 microencapsulated by spray drying with prebiotics on the properties of ricotta cream. Food Research International 2013, 52:50-55.
100. Fukao M., Tomita H., Yakabe T., Nomura T., Ike Y., Yjama N. Assessment of antibiotic resistance in probiotic strain Lactobacillus brevis KB290. Journal of Food Protection 2009, 72:1923-1929.
101. Galdeano C.M., Leblanc A.M., Vinderola G., Bonet M.E., Perdigon G. Proposed model: Mechanisms of immunomodulation induced by probiotic bacteria. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2007, 14:485-492.
102. Gevers D., Danielson M., Huys G., Swings J. Molecular characterization of tet(M) genes in Lactobacillus isolates from different types of fermented dry sausage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2003, 69:1270-1275.
103. Gevers D., Huys G., Devlieghere F., Uyttendaele M., Debevere J., Swings J. Isolation and identification of tetracycline resistant lactic acid bacteria from pre-packed sliced meat products. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 2000, 23:279-284.
104. Gfeller K.Y., Roth M., Meile L., Teuber M. Sequence and genetic organization of the 19.3-kb erythromycin and dalfopristin-resistance plasmid pLME300 from Lactobacillus fermentum ROT1. Plasmid 2003, 50:190-201.
105. Gleinser M., Grimm V., Zhurina D., Yuan J., Riedel C.U. Improved adhesive properties of recombinant bifidobacteria expressing the Bifidobacterium bifidum-specific lipoprotein BopA. Microbial Cell Factories 2012, 11:80.
106. Godward G., Sultana K., Kailasapathy K., Peiris P., Arumugaswamy R., Reynolds N. The importance of strain selection on the viability of probiotic bacteria in dairy foods. Milchwissenschaft 2000, 55:441-445.
107. Goldin B.R., Gorbach S.L. Probiotics for humans. Probiotics, the scientific basis 1992, 355-376. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. R. Fuller (Ed.).
108. Gomes A.A., Braga S.P., Cruz A.G., Cadena R.S., Lollo P.C.B., Carvalho C., et al. Effect of the inoculation level of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic cheese on the physicochemical features and sensory performance compared with commercial cheeses. Journal of Dairy Science 2011, 94:4777-4786.
109. Gouriet F., Million M., Henri M., Fournier P.E., Raoult D. Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia: An emerging clinical entity. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 2012, 31:2469-2480.
110. Granato D., Branco G.F., Cruz A.G., Faria J.A.F., Shah N.P. Probiotic dairy products as functional foods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2010, 9:455-470.
111. Granato D., Branco G.F., Nazzaro F., Cruz A.G., Faria J.A.F. Functional foods and nondairy probiotic food-development: trends, concepts and products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2010, 9:292-302.
112. Gray C.M., Stewart D., Pedler S.J. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1991, 35:1943-1945.
113. Grillot-Courvalin C., Goussard S., Courvalin P. Wild-type intracellular bacteria deliver DNA into mammalian cells. Cellular Microbiology 2002, 4:177-186.
114. Gruzza M., Fons M., Ouriet M.F., Duval-Iflah Y., Ducluzeau R. Study of gene transfer in vitro and in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice from Lactococcus lactis strains to various strains belonging to human intestinal flora. Microbial Releases 1994, 2:183-189.
115. Guarner F., Khan A.C., Carisch J., Eliakim R., Gangl A., Thomson A., et al. Probiotics and prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organisation Practice Guideline 2008, 1-21.
116. Gueimonde M., Flórez A.B., vanHoek A.H., Stuer-Lauridsen B., Strøman P., delos Reyes-Gavilán C.G., et al. Genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2010, 76:3364-3369.
117. Gueimonde M., Salminen S., Isolauri E. Presence of specific antibiotic (tet) resistance genes in infant faecal microbiota. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2006, 48:21-25.
118. Hamilton-Miller J.M., Shah S., Winkler J.T. Public health issues arising from microbiological and labelling quality of foods and supplements containing probiotic microorganisms. Public Health Nutrition 1999, 2:223-229.
119. Haukioja A. Probiotics and oral health. European Journal of Dentistry 2010, 4:348-355.
120. Herrero M., Mayo B., Gonzalez B., Suarez J.E. Evaluation of technologically important traits in lactic acid bacteria isolated from spontaneous fermentations. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1996, 81:565-570.
121. Holzapfel W.H. Introduction to prebiotics and probiotics. Probiotics in food safety and human health 2006, 1-35. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., New York, US. I. Goktepe, V.K. Juneja, M. Ahmedna (Eds.).
122. Homayouni A., Ejtahed H.S. The effects of probiotics in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders-A review. Journal of Microbial Biotechnology 2009, 2:53-60.
123. Howden B.P., Johnson P.D., Ward P.B. Isolates with low-level vancomycin resistance associated with persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2006, 50:3039-3047.
124. Hummel A.S., Hertel C., Holzapfel W.H., Franz C.M. Antibiotic resistances of starter and probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2007, 73:730-739.
125. Huys G., D'Haene K., Danielsen M., Mättö J., Egervärn M., Vandamme P. phenotypic and molecular assessment of antimicrobial resistance in Lactobacillus paracasei strains of food origin. Journal of Food Protection 2008, 71:339-344.
126. Huys G., D'Haene K., Swings J. Influence of the culture medium on antibiotic susceptibility testing of food-associated lactic acid bacteria with the agar overlay disc diffusion method. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2002, 34:402-406.
127. Huys G., D'Haene K., Collard J.M., Swings J. Prevalence and molecular characterization of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from food. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004, 70:1555-1562.
128. Huys G., Vancanneyt M., D'Haene K., Vankerckhoven V., Goossens H., Swings J. Accuracy of species identity of commercial bacterial cultures intended for probiotic or nutritional use. Research in Microbiology 2006, 157:803-810.
129. Ibarra A., Acha R., Calleja M.T., Chiralt-Boix A., Wittig E. Optimization and shelf life of a low-lactose yogurt with Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:3536-3538.
130. Ishibashi N., Shimamura S. Bifidobacteria: Research and development in Japan. Food Technology 1993, 47:126-135.
131. Ishibashi N., Yamazaki S. Probiotics and safety. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 73(2001):465-470.
132. Ishiwa H., Iwata S. Drug resistance in Lactobacillus fermentum. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1980, 26:71-74.
133. Jacobsen L., Wilcks A., Hammer K., Huys G., Gevers D., Andersen S.R. Horizontal transfer of tet(M) and erm(B) resistance plasmids from food strains of Lactobacillus plantarum to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2007, 59:158-166.
134. Jacobson H.E., Jernberg C., Andersson A.F., Sjor̈lund-Karlsson M., Jansson J.K., Engstrand L. Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:9836.
135. Jernberg C., Löfmark S., Edlund C., Jansson J.K. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. ISME Journal 2007, 1:56-66.
136. Johnsen P.J., Østerhus J.I., Sletvold H., Sørum M., Kruse H., Nielsen K., et al. Persistence of animal and human glycopeptide-resistant enterococci on two Norwegian poultry farms formerly exposed to avoparcin is associated with a widespread plasmid-mediated van(A) element within a polyclonal Enterococcus faecium population. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005, 71:159-168.
137. Johnston L.M., Jaykus L.A. Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from produce. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004, 70:3133-3137.
138. Karimi R., Mortazavian A.M., Karami M. Incorporation of Lactobacillus casei in Iranian ultrafiltered Feta cheese made by partial replacement of NaCl with KCl. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:4209-4222.
139. Kastner S., Perreten V., Bleuler H., Hugenschmidt G., Lacroix C., Meile L. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and resistance genes of starter cultures and probiotic bacteria used in food. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 2006, 29:145-155.
140. Katla A.K., Kruse H., Johnsen G., Herikstad H. Antimicrobial susceptibility of starter culture bacteria used in Norwegian dairy products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2001, 67:147-152.
141. Kazimierczak K.A., Flint H.J., Scott K.P. Comparative analysis of sequences flanking tet(W)resistance genes in multiple species of gut bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2006, 50:2632-2639.
142. Keese P. Risks from GMOs due to horizontal gene transfer. Environmental Biosafety Research 2008, 7:123-149.
143. Khachatourians G.G. Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1998, 159:1129-1136.
144. Kheadr E.E. Impact of acid and oxgall on antibiotic susceptibility of probiotic Lactobacilli. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2006, 1:172-181.
145. Kidwell M.G., Lisch D.R. Transposable elements and host genome evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2000, 15:95-99.
146. Kiwaki M., Sato T. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bifidobacterium breve strains and genetic analysis of streptomycin resistance of probiotic B. breve strain Yakult. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009, 134:211-215.
147. Klare I., Konstabel C., Werner G., Huys G., Vankerckhoven V., Kahlmeter G. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Lactococcus human isolates and cultures intended for probiotic or nutritional use. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007, 59:900-912.
148. Klein G., Hallmann C., Casas I.A., Abad J., Louwers J., Reuter G. Exclusion of vanA, vanB and vanC type glycopeptide resistance in strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus used as probiotics by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization methods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2000, 89:815-824.
149. Kleinschmidt J., Soeding B., Teuber M., Neve H. Evaluation of horizontal and vertical gene transfer and stability of heterologous DNA in Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from yogurt and yogurt starter cultures. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 1993, 16:287-295.
150. Knudtson L.M., Hartman P.A. Antibiotic resistance among Enterococcal isolates from environmental and clinical sources. Journal of Food Protection 1993, 56:489-492.
151. Konings W.N., Kok J., Kuipers O.P., Poolman B. Lactic acid bacteria: the bugs of the new millennium. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2000, 3:276-282.
152. Korbekandi H., Mortazavian A.M., Iravani S. Technology and stability of probiotic in fermented milks. Probiotic and prebiotic foods: Technology, stability and benefits to the human health 2011, 131-169. Nova Science Publishers, New York. N. Shah, A.G. Cruz, J.A.F. Faria (Eds.).
153. Korhonen J.M., Danielsen M., Mayo B., Egervarn H., Axelsson L., Huys G., et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and proposed microbiological cut-off values of lactobacilli by phenotypic determination. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2008, 3:257-268.
154. Kruis W., Schutz E., Fric P., Fixa B., Judmaier G., Stolte M. Double-blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1997, 11:853-858.
155. Kumari A., Catanzaro R., Marotta F. Clinical importance of lactic acid bacteria: A short review. Acta Bio-Medica 2011, 82:177-180.
156. Lahtinen S.J., Boyle R.J., Margolles A., Frías R., Gueimonde M. Safety assessment of probiotics. Prebiotics and probiotics science and technology 2009, 1193-1225. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. D. Charalampopoulos, R.A. Rastall (Eds.).
157. Lavanya B., Sowmiya S., Balaji S., Muthuvelan B. Plasmid profiling and curing of Lactobacillus strains isolated from fermented milk for probiotic applications. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011, 3:95-101.
158. Lee Y.K., Salminen S. Handbook of probiotics and prebiotics 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, Canada. 2nd ed.
159. Levy S.B. The challenge of antibiotic resistance. Scientific American 1998, 278:32-39.
160. Li X.H., Li Y.L., Alvarez A., Harper W.J., Wang H.H. Antibiotic resistance mitigation in dairy fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:7093-7095.
161. Li X., Nikadio H. Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: An update. Drugs 2009, 69:1555-1623.
162. Li X.J., Sun K., Zhang L., Li Y.L., Wang H.H. The involvement of animal host in the enrichment of antibiotic resistance. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, 18-20 July, Chicago, Abstract No, 37-45 2010.
163. th Gen. Meet 2008, American Society Microbiology, (Abstract No, 136, 513).
164. Lin C.F., Fung Z.F., Wu C.L., Chung T.C. Molecular characterization of a plasmid-borne (pTC82) chloramphenicol resistance determinant (cat-TC) from Lacto-bacillus reuteri G4. Plasmid 1996, 36:116-124.
165. Liu C., Zhang Z.Y., Dong K., Yuan J.P., Guop X.K. Antibiotic resistance of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from marketed foods and drugs. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009, 22:401-412.
166. Lor̈fmark S., Jernberg C., Jansson J.K., Edlund C. Clindamycin-induced enrichment and long-term persistence of resistant Bacteroides spp. and resistance genes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2006, 58:1160-1167.
167. Luo H., Wan K., Wang H.H. A high frequency conjugation system facilitated biofilm formation and pAMb1 transmission in Lactococcus lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005, 71:2970-2978.
168. Mack D.R., Michail S., Wei S., McDougall L., Hollingsworth M.A. Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E.coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 1999, 276:941-950.
169. Madhavan H.N., Sowmiya M. Mechanisms of development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria among clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences 2011, 1:42-48.
170. Makarova K., Slesarev A., Wolf Y., Sorokin A., Mirkin B., Koonin E., et al. Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:15611-15616.
171. Manges A., Johnson J., Foxman B., O'Bryan T.T., Fullerton K.E., Riley L.W. widespread distribution of urinary tract infections caused by a multi-drug resistant E. coli clonal group. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001, 345:1055-1057.
172. Marafon A.P., Sumi A., Granato D., Alcântara M.R., Tamime A.Y., Nogueira de Oliveira M. Effects of partially replacing skimmed milk powder with dairy ingredients on rheology, sensory profiling, and microstructure of probiotic stirred-type yogurt during cold storage. Journal of Dairy Science 2011, 94:5330-5340.
173. Masco L., Huys G., DeBrandt E., Temmerman R., Swings J. Culture-dependent and culture-independent qualitative analysis of probiotic products claimed to contain Bifidobacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2005, 102:221-230.
174. Masco L., Van Hoorde K., De Brandt E., Swings J., Huys G. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bifidobacterium strains from humans, animals and probiotic products. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2006, 58:85-94.
175. Mater D.D., Langella P., Corthier G., Flores M.J. A probiotic Lactobacillus strain can acquire vancomycin resistance during digestive transit in mice. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 2008, 14:123-127.
176. Mathur S., Singh R. Antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria-A review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2005, 105:281-295.
177. Mattila T., Saarela M. Probiotic functional foods. Functional foods 2000, 287-313. CRC Press LLC, New York. Williams, R.G. Gibson (Eds.).
178. Mättö J., Alakomi H.L., Vaari A., Virkajärvi I., Saarela M. Influence of processing conditions on Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis functionality with a special focus on acid tolerance and factors affecting it. International Dairy Journal 2006, 16:1029-1037.
179. Mayrhofer S., Mair C., Kneifel W., Domig K.J. Susceptibility of bifidobacteria of animal origin to selected antimicrobial agents. Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2011, 989520.
180. Mayrhofer S., vanHoek A.H.A.M., Mair C., Huys G., Arts H.J.M., Kneifel W., et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of members of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group using broth microdilution and molecular identification of their resistance determinants. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2010, 144:81-87.
181. Mazel D., Davies J. Antibiotic resistance in microbes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 1999, 56:742-754.
182. Mills S., Stanton C., Fitzgerald G.F., Ross R.P. Enhancing the stress responses of probiotics for a lifestyle from gut to product and back again. Microbial Cell Factories 2011, 10:1-19.
183. Minervini F., Siragusa S., Faccia M., Dal Bello F., Gobbetti M., De Angelis M. Manufacture of Fior di Latte cheese by incorporation of probiotic lactobacilli. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:508-520.
184. Mombelli B., Gismondo M.R. The use of probiotics in medical practice. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2000, 16:531-536.
185. Morelli L. Introducing the ACE-ART project: from the expression of interest to 42months of research. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2008, 3:241-246.
186. Morelli L., Sarra P.G., Bottazzi V. In vivo transfer of pAMβ1 from Lactobacillus reuteri to Enterococcus faecalis. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1998, 65:371-375.
187. Moubareck C., Gavini F., Vaugien L., Butel M.J., Doucet-Populaire F. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005, 55:38-44.
188. Murray B.E., An F.Y., Clewell D.B. Plasmid and pheromone response of the betalactamase producer Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis HH22. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1988, 32:547-551.
189. Nawaz M., Wang J., Zhou A., Ma C., Wu X., Moore J.E., et al. Characterization and transfer of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria from fermented food products. Current Microbiology 2011, 62:1081-1089.
190. Nicoloff H., Bringel F. ISLpl1 is a functional IS30-related insertion element in Lactobacillus plantarum that is also found in other lactic acid bacteria. Environmental Microbiology 2003, 69:106032-106040.
191. Ochman H., Lawrence J.G., Groisman E.A. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation. Nature 2000, 405:299-304.
192. Oh E.G., Son K.T., Yu H., Lee T.S., Lee H.J., Shin S., et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from farmed fish in Korea from 2005 through 2007. Journal of Food Protection 2011, 74:380-386.
193. Olsson-Liljequist B., Larsson P., Walder M., Miorner H. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Sweden. III. Methodology for susceptibility testing in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997, 105:13-23.
194. Olukoya D.K., Ebigwei S.I., Adebawo O.O., Osiyemi F.O. Plasmid profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Lactobacillus isolated from fermented foods in Nigeria. Food Microbiology 1993, 10:279-285.
195. Oppegaard H., Steinum T.M., Wasteson Y. Horizontal transfer of a multi-drug resistance plasmid between coliform bacteria of human and bovine origin in a farm environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001, 67:3732-3734.
196. Ouoba L.I.I., Lei V., Jensen L.B. Resistance of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria of African and European origin to antimicrobials: Determination and transferability of the resistance genes to other bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008, 121:217-224.
197. Ouwehand A.C. Antiallergic effects of probiotics. Journal of Nutrition 2007, 137:794-797.
198. Pan L., Hu X., Wang X. Assessment of antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria in Chinese fermented foods. Food Control 2011, 22:1316-1321.
199. Parvez S., Malik K.A., Kang S.A., Kim H.Y. Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2006, 100:1171-1185.
200. Patel A., Lindström C., Patel A., Prajapati J.B., Holst O. Screening and isolation of exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria from vegetables and indigenous fermented foods of Gujarat, India. International Journal of Fermented Foods 2014, (in press).
201. Perreten V., Kolloffel B., Teuber M. Conjugal transfer of the Tn916-like trans+B13poson Tn FO1 from E. faecalis isolated from cheese to other Gram-positive bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 1997, 20:27-38.
202. Perreten V., Schwarz F., Cresta L., Boeglin M., Dasen G., Teuber M. Antibiotic resistance spread in food. Nature 1997, 389:801-802.
203. Pimentel T.C., Cruz A.G., Prudencio S.H. Short communication: Influence of long-chain inulin and Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei on the sensory profile and acceptance of a traditional yogurt. Journal of Dairy Science 2013, 96:6233-6241.
204. Pourshaban M., Ferrini A.M., Mannoni V., Oliva B., Aureli P. Transferable tetracycline resistance in Listeria monocytogenes from food in Italy. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2002, 51:564-597.
205. Quednau M., Ahrne S., Petersson A.C., Molin G. Antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterococcus isolated from swedish and danish retailed chicken and pork. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1998, 84:1163-1170.
206. Radulovic Z., Petrovic T., Bulajic S. Antibiotic susceptibility of probiotic bacteria 2012, 550-576. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Republic of Serbia.
207. Raja B.R., Arunachlam K.D. Market potential for probiotic nutritional supplements in India. African Journal of Business Management 2011, 5:5418-5423.
208. Ready D., Bedi R., Spratt D.A., Mullany P., Wilson M. Prevalence, proportions, and identities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the oral microflora of healthy children. Microbial Drug Resistance 2003, 9:367-372.
209. Reid G., Jass J., Sebulsky M.T., McCormick J.K. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clinical Microbiology Review 2003, 16:658-672.
210. Rhee S.J., Lee J.E., Lee C.H. Importance of lactic acid bacteria in Asian fermented foods. Microbial Cell Factories 2011, 10:1-5.
211. Rice L., Marshall S.H. Insertions of IS256-like element flanking the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of Enterococcus faecalis CX19. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1994, 38:693-701.
212. Rivera-Espinoza Y., Gallardo-Navarro Y. Non-dairy probiotic products. Food Microbiology 2010, 27:1-11.
213. Rizzotti L., La Gioia F., Dellaglio F., Torriani S. Characterization of tetracycline resistant Streptococcus thermophilus isolates from Italian soft cheeses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:4224-4229.
214. Rojo-Bezares B., Sáenz Y., Poeta P., Zarazaga M., Ruiz-Larrea F., Torres C. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility within lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2006, 111:234-240.
215. Rönkä E., Malinen E., Saarela M., Rinta-Koski M., Aarnikunnas J., Palva A. Probiotic and milk technological properties of Lactobacillus brevis. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 83:63-74.
216. Rosander A., Connolly E., Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance gene-carrying plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74:6032-6040.
217. Salminen S., Bouley C., Boutron-Ruault M.C., Cummings J.H., Franck A., Gibson G.R., et al. Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function. The British Journal of Nutrition 1998, 80:147-171.
218. Salminen S., von Wright A., Ouwehand A., Holtzapfel W.H. Safety assessment of starters and probiotics. Fermentation and food safety 2000, 239-252. Aspen Publishers, Gaithersbug, MD. M. Adams, R. Nout (Eds.).
219. Salyers A.A. Antibiotic resistance transfer in the mammalian intestinal tract. Implications for Human Health, Food Safety and Biotechnology 1995, 1-191. Springer-Verlag, New York: Heidelberg.
220. Salyers A.A., Gupta A., Wang Y. Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Trends in Microbiology 2004, 12:412-416.
221. Sanders M.E. Summary of probiotic activities of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2006, 40:776-783.
222. Sanders M.E. Products with probiotics Available at. http://www.usprobiotics.org.
223. Sanders M., Huis in't Veld J. Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1999, 76:293-315.
224. Sanders M.E., Tompkins T., Heimbach J.T., Kolida S. Weight of evidence needed to substantiate a health effect for probiotics and prebiotics, regulatory considerations in Canada, E.U. and U.S. European Journal of Nutrition 2004, 44:303-310.
225. Sato T., Iino T. Genetic analyses of the antibiotic resistance of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Yakult YIT 4007. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009, 137:254-258.
226. Saxelin M. Lactobacillus GG: A human probiotic strain with thorough clinical documentation. Food Reviews International 1997, 13:293-313.
227. Schlundt J., Saadbye P., Lohmann B., Jacobsen B.L., Nielsen E.M. Conjugal transfer of plasmid DNA between Lactococcus lactis strains and distribution of transconjugants in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic rats. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1994, 7:59-69.
228. Scott K.P. The role of conjugative transposons in spreading antibiotic resistance between bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2002, 59:2071-2082.
229. Senok A.C., Ismaeel A.Y., Botta G.A. Probiotics: Facts and myths. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2005, 11:958-966.
230. Serafini F., Bottacini F., Viappiani A., Baruffini E., Turroni F., Foroni E., et al. Insights into physiological and genetic mupirocin susceptibility in bifidobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:3141-3146.
231. Shu Q., Lin H., Rutherfurd K.J., Fenwick S.G., Prasad J., Gopal P.K., et al. Dietary Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019) enhances resistance to oral Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. Microbiology and Immunology 2000, 44:213-222.
232. Simonsen G.S., Haaheim H., Dahl K.H., Loyseth A., Olsvik O., Sundsfiord A. Transmission of vanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci and vanA resistance elements between chicken and humans at avoparcin-exposed farms. Microbial Drug Resistance 1998, 4:313-318.
233. Singer R.S., Finch R., Wegener H.C., Bywater R., Walters J., Lipstich M. Antibiotic resistance-The interplay between antibiotic use in animals and human beings. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2003, 3:47-51.
234. Snydman D.R. The safety of probiotics. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008, 46:104-111.
235. Soccol C.R., de Souza Vandenberghe L.P., Spier M.R., Medeiros A.B.P., Yamaguishi C.T., Lindner J.D.D., et al. The potential of probiotics: A review. Food Technology and Biotechnology 2010, 48:413-434.
236. Sommer M.O.A., Dantas G. Antibiotics and the resistant microbiome. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2011, 14:556-563.
237. Songisepp E., Kullisaar T., Hutt P., Elias P., Brilene T., Zilmer M., et al. A new probiotic cheese with antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Dairy Science 2004, 87:2017-2023.
238. Sørum M., Johnsen J., Aasnes B., Rosvoll T., Kruse H., Sundsfjord A., et al. Prevalence, persistence, and molecular characterization of glycopeptide resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry and poultry farmers 3 to 8years after the ban on avoparcin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:516-521.
239. Spanhaak S., Havenaar R., Schaafsma G. The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998, 52:899-907.
240. Stanton C., Gardiner G., Meehan H., Collins J.K., Fitzgerald G., Lynch P.B., et al. Market potential for probiotics. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 73:4765-4835. (Suppl.).
241. Stanton T.S., Humphrey S.B., Stoffregen W.C. Chlortetracycline-resistant intestinal bacteria in organically raised and feral swine. Applied Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:7167-7170.
242. Suskovic J., Brkic B., Matosic S., Maric V. Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 as potential probiotic strain. Milchwissenschaft 1997, 52:430-435.
243. Talwalkar A.I., Kailasapathy K.A. The role of oxygen in the viability of probiotic bacteria with reference to L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology 2004, 5:1-8.
244. Tannis A. Probiotic rescue: How you can use probiotics to fight cholesterol, cancer superbugs, digestive complaints and more 2008, 241-269. John Wiley & Sons, Canada.
245. Tannock G.W., Luchansky J.B., Miller L., Connell H., Thodeandersen S., Mercer A.A., et al. Molecular characterization of a plasmid borne (pGT633) erythromycin resistance determinant (ermGT) from Lactobacillus reuteri. Plasmid 1994, 31:60-71.
246. Tannok G.W. Probiotics and prebiotics: Scientific aspect 2005, 230. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK. G.W. Tannok (Ed.).
247. Temmerman H.M., Koning C.J.M., Mulder L., Rombouts F.M., Beynen A.C. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics: A comparison of functionality and efficacy. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2004, 96:219-233.
248. Temmerman R., Pot B., Huys G., Swings J. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from probiotic products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 81:1-10.
249. Teuber M. The genus Lactococcus. The genera of lactic acid bacteria 1995, 173-234. Blackie Academic & Professional, London. B.J.B. Wood, W.H. Holzapfel (Eds.).
250. Teuber M., Meile L., Schwarz F. Acquired antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria from food. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1999, 76:115-137.
251. Teuber M., Perreten V. Role of milk and meat products as vehicles for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplement 2000, 93:75-87.
252. Teuber M., Schwarz F., Perreten V. Molecular structure and evolution of the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a raw fermented sausage. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003, 88:325-329.
253. Thumu S.C., Halami P.M. Presence of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods of Indian origin. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2012, 102:541-551.
254. Tiwari G., Tiwari R., Pandey S., Pandey P. Promising future of probiotics for human health: Current scenario. Chronicles of Young Scientists 2012, 3:17-28.
255. Toomey N., Bolton D., Fanning S. Characterisation and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes from lactic acid bacteria isolated from Irish pork and beef abattoirs. Research in Microbiology 2010, 161:127-135.
256. Toomey N., Monaghan A., Fanning S., Bolton D.J. Assessment of antimicrobial resistance transfer between lactic acid bacteria and potential foodborne pathogens using in vitro methods and mating in a food matrix. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2009, 6:925-933.
257. Tumola E., Crittenden R., Playne M., Isolauri E., Salminen S. Quality assurance criteria for probiotic bacteria. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 73:393-398.
258. van den Braak N., van Belkum A., van Keulen M., Verbrugh H.A., Endtz H.P. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from hospitalized patients and poultry products in The Netherlands. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998, 36:1927-1932.
259. van Hoek A.H.A.M., Margolles A., Damig K.J., Korhonen J.M., Zycka-Krzesinka J., Bardowsky J.K., et al. Molecular assessment of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria and their relation to the phenotypic resistance. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2008, 3:271-280.
260. van Hoek A.H., Mayrhofer S., Domig K.J., Aarts H.J. Resistance determinant erm(X) is borne by transposonTn5432 in Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2008, 31:544-548.
261. van Hoek A.H., Mayrhofer S., Domig K.J., Flórez A.B., Ammor M.S., Mayo B., et al. Mosaic tetracycline resistance genes and their flanking regions in Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Lactobacillus johnsonii. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2008, 52:248-252.
262. Vankerckhoven V., Huys G., Vancanneyt M., Vael C., Klare I., Marie-Benedicte M., et al. Biosafety assessment of probiotics used for human consumption: Recommendations from the EU-PROSAFE project. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2008, 19:102-114.
263. Ventura M., Perozzi G. Introduction to the special issue "Probiotic bacteria and human gut microbiota". Genes and Nutrition 2011, 6:203-204.
264. Verraes C., Boxstael S.V., Meervenne E.V., Coillie E.V., Butaye P., Catry B., et al. Antimicrobial resistance in the food chain: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2013, 10:2643-2669.
265. Vescovo M., Morelli L., Bottazzi V., Gasson M.J. Conjugal transfer of broad-host range plasmid pAMβ1 into enteric species of lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1983, 46:753-755.
266. Vignaroli C., Zandri G., Aquilanti L., Pasquaroli S., Biavasco F. Multidrug-resistant enterococci in animal meat and faeces and co-transfer of resistance from an Enterococcus durans to a human Enterococcus faecium. Current Microbiology 2011, 62:1438-1447.
267. Villedieu A., Diaz-Torres M.L., Roberts A.P., Hunt N., McNab R., Spratt D.A., et al. Genetic basis of erythromycin resistance in oral bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2004, 48:2298-2301.
268. Vinderola C.G., Reinheimer J.A. Lactic acid bacteria: A comparative "in vitro" study of probiotic characteristics and biological barrier resistance. Food Research International 2003, 36:895-904.
269. von Wright A. Regulating the safety of Probiotics-The European approach. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005, 11:17-23.
270. Wang H.W., Jaykus L.A., Wang H.H., Schesinger L.S. Commensal bacteria, microbial ecosystems and horizontal gene transmission: adjusting our focus for strategic breakthroughs against antibiotic resistance. Food borne microbes: Shaping the host ecosystems 2009, 267-281. ASM Press, Washington, DC. L.A. Jaykus, H.H. Wang, L.S. Schesinger (Eds.).
271. Wang T.T., Lee B.H. Plasmids in Lactobacillus. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 1997, 17:227-272.
272. Wang H.H., Manuzon M., Lehman M., Wan K., Luo H., Wittum T.E., et al. Food commensal microbes as a potentially important avenue in transmitting antibiotic resistance genes. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2006, 254:226-231.
273. Wang H., Mc Entire J.C., Zhang L., Li X., Doyle M. The transfer of antibiotic resistance from food to humans: Facts, implications and future directions. Revue Scientifique et Technique 2012, 31:249-260.
274. Weese J.S. Microbiologic evaluation of commercial probiotics. JAVMA 2002, 220:794-797.
275. Weese J.S. Evaluation of deficiencies in labelling of commercial probiotics. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 2003, 44:982-983.
276. Weese J.S., Martin H. Assessment of commercial probiotic bacterial contents and label accuracy. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 2011, 52:43-46.
277. Wei Y.X., Zhang Z.Y., Liu C., Malakar P.K., Guo X.K. Safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum JDM301 based on complete genome sequences. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012, 18:479-488.
278. Wells J.M. Immunomodulatory mechanisms of lactobacilli. Microbial Cell Factories 2011, 10:1-17.
279. Witte W. Impact of antibiotic use in animal feeding on resistance of bacterial pathogens in humans. Ciba Foundation Symposium 1997, 207:61-75.
280. Wolfson D. A probiotics primer. Nutrition Science News Online at. http://www.healthwellexchange.com/nutritionsciencenews/nsn_backs/Jun_99/nat_remedies.cfm.
281. Yazdankhah S.P., Sørum H., Oppegaard H. Comparison of genes involved in penicillin resistance in staphylococci of bovine origin. Microbial Drug Resistance 2000, 6:29-36.
282. Yeo S.K., Liong M.T. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and bioconversion of isoflavones by probiotics in soymilk supplemented with prebiotics. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2010, 61:161-181.
283. Yeung P.S.M., Cano R., Tong P.S., Sanders M.E. Comparison of API, 16S rDNA sequencing and fatty acid analysis as methods to speciate commercial probiotic bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 1999, 82:6.
284. Zdolec N., Filipovic I., Cvrtila Fleck Z., Maric A., Jankuloski D., Kozacinski L., et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented sausages and raw cheese. Veterinarski Arhiv 2011, 81:133-141.
285. Zhang Y. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the microbial world. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2007, 82:595-600.
286. Zhao C., Ge B., De Villena J., Sudler R., Yeh E., Zhao S., et al. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, D.C., area. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001, 67:5431-5436.
287. Zhou J.S., Pillidge C.J., Gopal P.K., Gill H.S. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of new probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2005, 98:211-217.
288. Zhou N., Zhang J.X., Fan M.T., Wang J., Guo G., Wei X.Y. Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chinese yogurts. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95:4775-4783.
289. Zoellner S.S., Cruz A.G., Faria J.A.F., Bolini H.M.A., Moura M.R.L., Carvalho L.M.J., et al. Whey beverage with acai pulp as food carrier of probiotic bacteria. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 2009, 64:165-169.
290. Zonenschain D., Rebecchi A., Morelli L. Erythromycin and tetracycline-resistant lactobacilli in Italian fermented dry sausage. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2009, 107:1559-1568.