Centrosome dysfunction contributes to chromosome instability, chromoanagenesis, and genome reprograming in cancer

Frontiers in Oncology

Volumn 3 NOV, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Pihan, German A ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Aneuploidy; Centriole; Centrosome; Chromoanagenesis; Chromothripsis; CIN; Micronuclei; Mitosis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TUBULIN; APC PROTEIN; AURORA A KINASE; CENTRIN; CYCLIN B; CYCLIN B1; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 1; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 2; CYCLIN E; KENDRIN; KINESIN 5; MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN 5; NEDD1 PROTEIN; NUCLEOPHOSMIN; PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PERICENTRIN; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 ALPHA; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 GAMMA; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; POLO LIKE KINASE 1; POLO LIKE KINASE 2; POLO LIKE KINASE 4; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53; SAS 4 PROTEIN; SAS 5 PROTEIN; SAS 6 PROTEIN; SYNAPTOPHYSIN; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE E3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANEUPLOIDY; ARTICLE; BIOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL SURVIVAL; CELLULAR PARAMETERS; CENTROSOME DYSFUNCTION; CHROMOANAGENESIS; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; MITOSIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR REPROGRAMMING; PERICENTRIOLAR REGION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84891122759     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2234943X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00277     Document Type: Article

References (371)

1. Weinberg RA. One Renegate Cell. How Cancer Begins. New York: Basic Books (1998).
2. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell (2000) 100:57-70. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9
3. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell (2011) 144:646-74. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
4. Hansemann L. Ueber asymmetrische zelltheilung in epithelkrebsen und deren biologische bedeutung. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med (1890) 119:299-326.
5. Hansemann L. Ueber pathologische Mitosen. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med (1891) 123:356-70.
6. Boveri T. Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren. Jena: Gustav Fisher (1914). p. 1-64.
7. Caspersson T. über den chemischen Aufbau der Strukturen des Zellkerns. Scand Arch Physiol (1936) 73:3-151.
8. Caspersson T, Santesson L. Studies on protein metabolism in the cells of epithelial tumors. Acta Radiol (1942) 46(Suppl):1-105.
9. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology Available from: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org
10. Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, Available from: http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/cgap.html
11. Mitelman F, Johansson B, Mertens F. Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer. (2013). Available at: http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman
12. Andersen JS, Wilkinson CJ, Mayor T, Mortensen P, Nigg EA, Mann M. Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling. Nature (2003) 426:570-4. doi:10.1038/nature02166
13. Müller H, Schmidt D, Dreher F, Herwig R, Ploubidou A, Lange BM. Gene ontology analysis of the centrosome proteomes of Drosophila and human. Commun Integr Biol (2011) 4:308-11. doi:10.4161/cib.4.3.14806
14. Müller H, Schmidt D, Steinbrink S, Mirgorodskaya E, Lehmann V, Habermann K, et al. Proteomic and functional analysis of the mitotic Drosophila centrosome. EMBO J (2010) 29:3344-57. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.210
15. Nogales-Cadenas R, Abascal F, Diez-Perez J, Carazo JM, Pascual-Montano A. CentrosomeDB: a human centrosomal proteins database. Nucleic Acids Res (2009) 37:D175-80. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn815
16. Ren J, Liu Z, Gao X, Jin C, Ye M, Zou H, et al. MiCroKit 3.0: an integrated database of midbody, centrosome and kinetochore. Nucleic Acids Res (2010) 38:D155-60. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp784
17. Azimzadeh J, Bornens M. Structure and duplication of the centrosome. J Cell Sci (2007) 120:2139-42. doi:10.1242/jcs.005231
18. Bornens M. Centrosome composition and microtubule anchoring mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2002) 14:25-34. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(01)00290-3
19. Bornens M. The centrosome in cells and organisms. Science (2012) 335:422-6. doi:10.1126/science.1209037
20. Doxsey S, McCollum D, Theurkauf W. Centrosomes in cellular regulation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (2005) 21:411-34. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120418
21. Luders J, Stearns T. Microtubule-organizing centres: a re-evaluation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2007) 8(161-167):10.1038/nrm2100. doi:10.1038/nrm2100
22. Mahen R, Venkitaraman AR. Pattern formation in centrosome assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2012) 24:14-23. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2011.12.012
23. Meraldi P, Nigg EA. The centrosome cycle. FEBS Lett (2002) 521:9-13. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02865-X
24. Nigg EA, Raff JW. Centrioles, centrosomes, and cilia in health and disease. Cell (2009) 139:663-78. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.036
25. Stearns T, Kirschner M. In vitro reconstitution of centrosome assembly and function: the central role of gamma-tubulin. Cell (1994) 76:623-37. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90503-7
26. Stearns T, Winey M. The cell center at 100. Cell (1997) 91:303-9. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80414-6
27. Bettencourt-Dias M, Glover DM. Centrosome biogenesis and function: centrosomics brings new understanding. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2007) 8:451-63. doi:10.1038/nrm2180
28. Musch A. Microtubule organization and function in epithelial cells. Traffic (2004) 5:1-9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2003.00149.x
29. Scliwa M, Honer B. Microtubules, centrosomes and intermediate filaments in directed cell movement. Trends Cell Biol (1993) 3:377-80. doi:10.1016/0962-8924(93)90086-G
30. Wakida NM, Botvinick EL, Lin J, Berns MW. An intact centrosome is required for the maintenance of polarization during directional cell migration. PLoS One (2010) 5:e15462. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015462
31. Dustin ML. Modular design of immunological synapses and kinapses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2009) 1:a002873. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a002873
32. Hoyer-Fender S. Centriole maturation and transformation to basal body. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2010) 21:142-7. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.07.002
33. O'Connell CB, Khodjakov AL. Cooperative mechanisms of mitotic spindle formation. J Cell Sci (2007) 120:1717-22. doi:10.1242/jcs.03442
34. Rebollo E, Sampaio P, Januschke J, Llamazares S, Varmark H, González C. Functionally unequal centrosomes drive spindle orientation in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neural stem cells. Dev Cell (2007) 12:467-74. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.01.021
35. Rusan NM, Peifer M. A role for a novel centrosome cycle in asymmetric cell division. J Cell Biol (2007) 177:13-20. doi:10.1083/jcb.200612140
36. Yamashita YM, Mahowald AP, Perlin JR, Fuller MT. Asymmetric inheritance of mother versus daughter centrosome in stem cell division. Science (2007) 315:518-21. doi:10.1126/science.1134910
37. Hinchcliffe EH, Miller FJ, Cham M, Khodjakov A, Sluder G. Requirement of a centrosomal activity for cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase. Science (2001) 291:1547-50. doi:10.1126/science.1056866
38. Matsumoto Y, Maller JL. A centrosomal localization signal in cyclin E required for Cdk2-independent S phase entry. Science (2004) 306:885-8. doi:10.1126/science.1103544
39. Ferguson RL, Maller JL. Centrosomal localization of cyclin E-Cdk2 is required for initiation of DNA synthesis. Curr Biol (2010) 20:856-60. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.028
40. Ferguson RL, Pascreau G, Maller JL. The cyclin A centrosomal localization sequence recruits MCM5 and Orc1 to regulate centrosome reduplication. J Cell Sci (2010) 123:2743-9. doi:10.1242/jcs.073098
41. Gavet O, Pines J. Activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 synchronizes events in the nucleus and the cytoplasm at mitosis. J Cell Biol (2010) 189:247-59. doi:10.1083/jcb.200909144
42. Jackman M, Lindon C, Nigg EA, Pines J. Active cyclin B1-Cdk1 first appears on centrosomes in prophase. Nat Cell Biol (2003) 5:143-8. doi:10.1038/ncb918
43. Kramer A, Lukas J, Bartek J. Checking out the centrosome. Cell Cycle (2004) 3:1390-3. doi:10.4161/cc.3.11.1252
44. Krämer A, Mailand N, Lukas C, Syljuåsen RG, Wilkinson CJ, Nigg EA, et al. Centrosome-associated Chk1 prevents premature activation of cyclin-B-Cdk1 kinase. Nat Cell Biol (2004) 6:884-91. doi:10.1038/ncb1165
45. Portier N, Audhya A, Maddox PS, Green RA, Dammermann A, Desai A, et al. A microtubule-independent role for centrosomes and Aurora A in nuclear envelope breakdown. Dev Cell (2007) 12:515-29. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.01.019
46. D'Angiolella V, Esencay M, Pagano M. A cyclin without cyclin-dependent kinases: cyclin F controls genome stability through ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Trends Cell Biol (2013) 23:135-40. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2012.10.011
47. Piel M, Nordberg J, Euteneuer U, Bornens M. Centrosome-dependent exit of cytokinesis in animal cells. Science (2001) 291:1550-3. doi:10.1126/science.1057330
48. Khodjakov A, Rieder CL. Centrosomes enhance the fidelity of cytokinesis in vertebrates and are required for cell cycle progression. J Cell Biol (2001) 153:237-42. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.1.237
49. Keryer G, Witczak O, Delouvée A, Kemmner WA, Rouillard D, Tasken K, et al. Dissociating the centrosomal matrix protein AKAP450 from centrioles impairs centriole duplication and cell cycle progression. Mol Biol Cell (2003) 14:2436-46. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0614
50. Mikule K, Delaval B, Kaldis P, Jurcyzk A, Hergert P, Doxsey S. Loss of centrosome integrity induces p38-p53-p21-dependent G1-S arrest. Nat Cell Biol (2007) 9:160-70. doi:10.1038/ncb1529
51. Bailly E, Pines J, Hunter T, Bornens M. Cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin B1 in human cells: association with a detergent-resistant compartment and with the centrosome. J Cell Sci (1992) 101(Pt 3):529-45.
52. Paintrand M, Moudjou M, Delacroix H, Bornens M. Centrosome organization and centriole architecture: their sensitivity to divalent cations. J Struct Biol (1992) 108:107-28. doi:10.1016/1047-8477(92)90011-X
53. Paoletti A, Bornens M. Organisation and functional regulation of the centrosome in animal cells. Prog Cell Cycle Res (1997) 3:285-99. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5371-7_23
54. Piperno G, Fuller MT. Monoclonal antibodies specific for an acetylated form of alpha-tubulin recognize the antigen in cilia and flagella from a variety of organisms. J Cell Biol (1985) 101:2085-94. doi:10.1083/jcb.101.6.2085
55. Eddé B, Rossier J, Le Caer JP, Desbruyères E, Gros F, Denoulet P. Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin. Science (1990) 247:83-5. doi:10.1126/science.1967194
56. Tanos BE, Yang HJ, Soni R, Wang WJ, MacAluso FP, Asara JM, et al. Centriole distal appendages promote membrane docking, leading to cilia initiation. Genes Dev (2013) 27:163-8. doi:10.1101/gad.207043.112
57. Gould RR, Borisy GG. The pericentriolar material in Chinese hamster ovary cells nucleates microtubule formation. J Cell Biol (1977) 73:601-15. doi:10.1083/jcb.73.3.601
58. Piel M, Meyer P, Khodjakov A, Rieder CL, Bornens M. The respective contributions of the mother and daughter centrioles to centrosome activity and behavior in vertebrate cells. J Cell Biol (2000) 149:317-30. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.2.317
59. Wang P, Pinson X, Archambault V. PP2A-twins is antagonized by greatwall and collaborates with polo for cell cycle progression and centrosome attachment to nuclei in Drosophila embryos. PLoS Genet (2011) 7:e1002227. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002227
60. Gunawardane RN, Lizarraga SB, Wiese C, Wilde A, Zheng Y. Gamma-Tubulin complexes and their role in microtubule nucleation. Curr Top Dev Biol (2000) 49:55-73. doi:10.1016/S0070-2153(99)49004-0
61. Gunawardane RN, Martin OC, Cao K, Zhang L, Dej K, Iwamatsu A, et al. Characterization and reconstitution of Drosophila gamma-tubulin ring complex subunits. J Cell Biol (2000) 151:1513-24. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.7.1513
62. Murphy SM, Preble AM, Patel UK, O'Connell KL, Dias DP, Moritz M, et al. GCP5 and GCP6: two new members of the human gamma-tubulin complex. Mol Biol Cell (2001) 12:3340-52. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.11.3340
63. Guillet V, Knibiehler M, Gregory-Pauron L, Remy MH, Chemin C, Raynaud-Messina B, et al. Crystal structure of gamma-tubulin complex protein GCP4 provides insight into microtubule nucleation. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2011) 18:915-9. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2083
64. Kollman JM, Polka JK, Zelter A, Davis TN, Agard DA. Microtubule nucleating gamma-TuSC assembles structures with 13-fold microtubule-like symmetry. Nature (2010) 466:879-82. doi:10.1038/nature09207
65. Oegema K, Wiese C, Martin OC, Milligan RA, Iwamatsu A, Mitchison TJ, et al. Characterization of two related Drosophila gamma-tubulin complexes that differ in their ability to nucleate microtubules. J Cell Biol (1999) 144:721-33. doi:10.1083/jcb.144.4.721
66. Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Sedat JW, Alberts B, Agard DA. Microtubule nucleation by gamma-tubulin-containing rings in the centrosome. Nature (1995) 378:638-40. doi:10.1038/378638a0
67. Moritz M, Zheng Y, Alberts BM, Oegema K. Recruitment of the gamma-tubulin ring complex to Drosophila salt-stripped centrosome scaffolds. J Cell Biol (1998) 142:775-86. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.3.775
68. Murphy SM, Urbani L, Stearns T. The mammalian gamma-tubulin complex contains homologues of the yeast spindle pole body components spc97p and spc98p. J Cell Biol (1998) 141:663-74. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.3.663
69. Zheng Y, Wong ML, Alberts B, Mitchison T. Nucleation of microtubule assembly by a gamma-tubulin-containing ring complex. Nature (1995) 378:578-83. doi:10.1038/378578a0
70. Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Guenebaut V, Heuser J, Agard DA. Structure of the gamma-tubulin ring complex: a template for microtubule nucleation. Nat Cell Biol (2000) 2:365-70. doi:10.1038/35014058
71. Gunawardane RN, Martin OC, Zheng Y. Characterization of a new gammaTuRC subunit with WD repeats. Mol Biol Cell (2003) 14:1017-26. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-01-0034
72. Haren L, Remy MH, Bazin I, Callebaut I, Wright M, Merdes A. NEDD1-dependent recruitment of the gamma-tubulin ring complex to the centrosome is necessary for centriole duplication and spindle assembly. J Cell Biol (2006) 172:505-15. doi:10.1083/jcb.200510028
73. Luders J, Patel UK, Stearns T. GCP-WD is a gamma-tubulin targeting factor required for centrosomal and chromatin-mediated microtubule nucleation. Nat Cell Biol (2006) 8:137-47. doi:10.1038/ncb1349
74. Teixidó-Travesa N, Villén J, Lacasa C, Bertran MT, Archinti M, Gygi SP, et al. The gammaTuRC revisited: a comparative analysis of interphase and mitotic human gammaTuRC redefines the set of core components and identifies the novel subunit GCP8. Mol Biol Cell (2010) 21:3963-72. doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-05-0408
75. Ma W, Baumann C, Viveiros MM. NEDD1 is crucial for meiotic spindle stability and accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. Dev Biol (2010) 339:439-50. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.009
76. Manning JA, Shalini S, Risk JM, Day CL, Kumar S. A direct interaction with NEDD1 regulates gamma-tubulin recruitment to the centrosome. PLoS One (2010) 5:e9618. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009618
77. Zeng CJ, Lee YR, Liu B. The WD40 repeat protein NEDD1 functions in microtubule organization during cell division in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell (2009) 21:1129-40. doi:10.1105/tpc.109.065953
78. Hutchins JR, Toyoda Y, Hegemann B, Poser I, Hériché JK, Sykora MM, et al. Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (2010) 328:593-9. doi:10.1126/science.1181348
79. Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y. Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex. Mol Biol Cell (2002) 13:3235-45. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112
80. Zimmerman WC, Sillibourne J, Rosa J, Doxsey SJ. Mitosis-specific anchoring of gamma tubulin complexes by pericentrin controls spindle organization and mitotic entry. Mol Biol Cell (2004) 15:3642-57. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-11-0796
81. Fong KW, Choi YK, Rattner JB, Qi RZ. CDK5RAP2 is a pericentriolar protein that functions in centrosomal attachment of the gamma-tubulin ring complex. Mol Biol Cell (2008) 19:115-25. doi:10.1091/mbc.E07-04-0371
82. Izumi N, Fumoto K, Izumi S, Kikuchi A. GSK-3beta regulates proper mitotic spindle formation in cooperation with a component of the gamma-tubulin ring complex, GCP5. J Biol Chem (2008) 283:12981-91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M710282200
83. Uehara R, Nozawa RS, Tomioka A, Petry S, Vale RD, Obuse C, et al. The augmin complex plays a critical role in spindle microtubule generation for mitotic progression and cytokinesis in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 106:6998-7003. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901587106
84. Lawo S, Bashkurov M, Mullin M, Ferreria MG, Kittler R, Habermann B, et al. HAUS, the 8-subunit human Augmin complex, regulates centrosome and spindle integrity. Curr Biol (2009) 19:816-26. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.033
85. Fu J, Glover DM. Structured illumination of the interface between centriole and peri-centriolar material. Open Biol (2012) 2:120104. doi:10.1098/rsob.120104
86. Lawo S, Hasegan M, Gupta GD, Pelletier L. Subdiffraction imaging of centrosomes reveals higher-order organizational features of pericentriolar material. Nat Cell Biol (2012) 14:1148-58. doi:10.1038/ncb2591
87. Mennella V, Keszthelyi B, McDonald KL, Chhun B, Kan F, Rogers GC, et al. Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization. Nat Cell Biol (2012) 14:1159-68. doi:10.1038/ncb2597
88. Dictenberg JB, Zimmerman W, Sparks CA, Young A, Vidair C, Zheng Y, et al. Pericentrin and gamma-tubulin form a protein complex and are organized into a novel lattice at the centrosome. J Cell Biol (1998) 141:163-74. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.1.163
89. Conduit PT, Brunk K, Dobbelaere J, Dix CI, Lucas EP, Raff JW. Centrioles regulate centrosome size by controlling the rate of Cnn incorporation into the PCM. Curr Biol (2010) 20:2178-86. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.011
90. Gopalakrishnan J, Mennella V, Blachon S, Zhai B, Smith AH, Megraw TL, et al. Sas-4 provides a scaffold for cytoplasmic complexes and tethers them in a centrosome. Nat Commun (2011) 2:359. doi:10.1038/ncomms1367
91. O'Connell KF, Maxwell KN, White JG. The spd-2 gene is required for polarization of the anteroposterior axis and formation of the sperm asters in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote. Dev Biol (2000) 222:55-70. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9714
92. Pelletier L, Ozlü N, Hannak E, Cowan C, Habermann B, Ruer M, et al. The Caenorhabditis elegans centrosomal protein SPD-2 is required for both pericentriolar material recruitment and centriole duplication. Curr Biol (2004) 14:863-73. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.04.012
93. Zhu F, Lawo S, Bird A, Pinchev D, Ralph A, Richter C, et al. The mammalian SPD-2 ortholog Cep192 regulates centrosome biogenesis. Curr Biol (2008) 18:136-41. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.055
94. Sonnen KF, Schermelleh L, Leonhardt H, Nigg EA. 3D-structured illumination microscopy provides novel insight into architecture of human centrosomes. Biol Open (2012) 1:965-76. doi:10.1242/bio.20122337
95. Bahtz R, Seidler J, Arnold M, Haselmann-Weiss U, Antony C, Lehmann WD, et al. GCP6 is a substrate of Plk4 and required for centriole duplication. J Cell Sci (2012) 125:486-96. doi:10.1242/jcs.093930
96. Fuller SD, Gowen BE, Reinsch S, Sawyer A, Buendia B, Wepf R, et al. The core of the mammalian centriole contains gamma-tubulin. Curr Biol (1995) 5:1384-93. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00276-4
97. Kleylein-Sohn J, Westendorf J, Le Clech M, Habedanck R, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA. Plk4-induced centriole biogenesis in human cells. Dev Cell (2007) 13:190-202. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.07.002
98. Schmidt TI, Kleylein-Sohn J, Westendorf J, Le Clech M, Lavoie SB, Stierhof YD, et al. Control of centriole length by CPAP and CP110. Curr Biol (2009) 19:1005-11. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.016
99. Mogensen MM, Malik A, Piel M, Bouckson-Castaing V, Bornens M. Microtubule minus-end anchorage at centrosomal and non-centrosomal sites: the role of ninein. J Cell Sci (2000) 113(Pt 17):3013-23.
100. Guarguaglini G, Duncan PI, Stierhof YD, Holmström T, Duensing S, Nigg EA. The forkhead-associated domain protein Cep170 interacts with Polo-like kinase 1 and serves as a marker for mature centrioles. Mol Biol Cell (2005) 16:1095-107. doi:10.1091/mbc.E04-10-0939
101. Graser S, Stierhof YD, Lavoie SB, Gassner OS, Lamla S, Le Clech M, et al. Cep164, a novel centriole appendage protein required for primary cilium formation. J Cell Biol (2007) 179:321-30. doi:10.1083/jcb.200707181
102. Bobinnec Y, Khodjakov A, Mir LM, Rieder CL, Eddé B, Bornens M. Centriole disassembly in vivo and its effect on centrosome structure and function in vertebrate cells. J Cell Biol (1998) 143:1575-89. doi:10.1083/jcb.143.6.1575
103. Kirkham M, Muller-Reichert T, Oegema K, Grill S, Hyman AA. SAS-4 is a C. elegans centriolar protein that controls centrosome size. Cell (2003) 112:575-87. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00117-X
104. Leidel S, Gonczy P. SAS-4 is essential for centrosome duplication in C elegans and is recruited to daughter centrioles once per cell cycle. Dev Cell (2003) 4:431-9. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00062-5
105. Gopalakrishnan J, Chim YC, Ha A, Basiri ML, Lerit DA, Rusan NM, et al. Tubulin nucleotide status controls Sas-4-dependent pericentriolar material recruitment. Nat Cell Biol (2012) 14:865-73. doi:10.1038/ncb2527
106. Kitagawa D, Kohlmaier G, Keller D, Strnad P, Balestra FR, Flückiger I, et al. Spindle positioning in human cells relies on proper centriole formation and on the microcephaly proteins CPAP and STIL. J Cell Sci (2011) 124:3884-93. doi:10.1242/jcs.089888
107. Kohlmaier G, Loncarek J, Meng X, McEwen BF, Mogensen MM, Spektor A, et al. Overly long centrioles and defective cell division upon excess of the SAS-4-related protein CPAP. Curr Biol (2009) 19:1012-8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.018
108. Bettencourt-Dias M, Glover DM. SnapShot: centriole biogenesis. Cell (2009) 136(188-188):e181. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.035
109. Hinchcliffe EH, Li C, Thompson EA, Maller JL, Sluder G. Requirement of Cdk2-cyclin E activity for repeated centrosome reproduction in Xenopus egg extracts. Science (1999) 283:851-4. doi:10.1126/science.283.5403.851
110. Lacey KR, Jackson PK, Stearns T. Cyclin-dependent kinase control of centrosome duplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 96:2817-22. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.2817
111. Matsumoto Y, Hayashi K, Nishida E. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) is required for centrosome duplication in mammalian cells. Curr Biol (1999) 9:429-32. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80191-2
112. Meraldi P, Lukas J, Fry AM, Bartek J, Nigg EA. Centrosome duplication in mammalian somatic cells requires E2F and Cdk2-cyclin A. Nat Cell Biol (1999) 1:88-93. doi:10.1038/10054
113. Blow JJ, Dutta A. Preventing re-replication of chromosomal DNA. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2005) 6:476-86. doi:10.1038/nrm1663
114. DePamphilis ML, Blow JJ, Ghosh S, Saha T, Noguchi K, Vassilev A. Regulating the licensing of DNA replication origins in metazoa. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2006) 18:231-9. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2006.04.001
115. Tsou MF, Stearns T. Mechanism limiting centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. Nature (2006) 442:947-51. doi:10.1038/nature04985
116. Tsou MF, Stearns T. Controlling centrosome number: licenses and blocks. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2006) 18:74-8. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.12.008
117. Wong C, Stearns T. Centrosome number is controlled by a centrosome-intrinsic block to reduplication. Nat Cell Biol (2003) 5:539-44. doi:10.1038/ncb993
118. Tsou MF, Wang WJ, George KA, Uryu K, Stearns T, Jallepalli PV. Polo kinase and separase regulate the mitotic licensing of centriole duplication in human cells. Dev Cell (2009) 17:344-54. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.07.015
119. Stemmann O, Zou H, Gerber SA, Gygi SP, Kirschner MW. Dual inhibition of sister chromatid separation at metaphase. Cell (2001) 107:715-26. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00603-1
120. Zou H, McGarry TJ, Bernal T, Kirschner MW. Identification of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis. Science (1999) 285:418-22. doi:10.1126/science.285.5426.418
121. Nakamura A, Arai H, Fujita N. Centrosomal Aki1 and cohesin function in separase-regulated centriole disengagement. J Cell Biol (2009) 187:607-14. doi:10.1083/jcb.200906019
122. Schockel L, Mockel M, Mayer B, Boos D, Stemmann O. Cleavage of cohesin rings coordinates the separation of centrioles and chromatids. Nat Cell Biol (2011) 13:966-72. doi:10.1038/ncb2280
123. Oliveira RA, Nasmyth K. Cohesin cleavage is insufficient for centriole disengagement in Drosophila. Curr Biol (2013) 23:R601-3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.003
124. Lee K, Rhee K. Separase-dependent cleavage of pericentrin B is necessary and sufficient for centriole disengagement during mitosis. Cell Cycle (2012) 11:2476-85. doi:10.4161/cc.20878
125. Matsuo K, Ohsumi K, Iwabuchi M, Kawamata T, Ono Y, Takahashi M. Kendrin is a novel substrate for separase involved in the licensing of centriole duplication. Curr Biol (2012) 22:915-21. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.048
126. Cha H, Hancock C, Dangi S, Maiguel D, Carrier F, Shapiro P. Phosphorylation regulates nucleophosmin targeting to the centrosome during mitosis as detected by cross-reactive phosphorylation-specific MKK1/MKK2 antibodies. Biochem J (2004) 378:857-65. doi:10.1042/BJ20031173
127. Krause A, Hoffmann I. Polo-like kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation of NPM/B23 on serine 4 triggers centriole duplication. PLoS One (2010) 5:e9849. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009849
128. Ma Z, Kanai M, Kawamura K, Kaibuchi K, Ye K, Fukasawa K. Interaction between ROCK II and nucleophosmin/B23 in the regulation of centrosome duplication ñø. Mol Cell Biol (2006) 26:9016-34. doi:10.1128/MCB.01383-06
129. Okuda M. The role of nucleophosmin in centrosome duplication. Oncogene (2002) 21:6170-4. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205708
130. Okuda M, Horn HF, Tarapore P, Tokuyama Y, Smulian AG, Chan PK, et al. Nucleophosmin/B23 is a target of CDK2/cyclin E in centrosome duplication. Cell (2000) 103:127-40. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00093-3
131. Reboutier D, Troadec MB, Cremet JY, Fukasawa K, Prigent C. Nucleophosmin/B23 activates Aurora A at the centrosome through phosphorylation of serine 89. J Cell Biol (2012) 197:19-26. doi:10.1083/jcb.201107134
132. Fisk HA, Mattison CP, Winey M. Human Mps1 protein kinase is required for centrosome duplication and normal mitotic progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 100:14875-80. doi:10.1073/pnas.2434156100
133. Fisk HA, Winey M. The mouse Mps1p-like kinase regulates centrosome duplication. Cell (2001) 106:95-104. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00411-1
134. Kasbek C, Yang CH, Fisk HA. Mps1 as a link between centrosomes and genomic instability. Environ Mol Mutagen (2009) 50:654-65. doi:10.1002/em.20476
135. Kasbek C, Yang CH, Fisk HA. Antizyme restrains centrosome amplification by regulating the accumulation of Mps1 at centrosomes. Mol Biol Cell (2010) 21:3878-89. doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-04-0281
136. Kasbek C, Yang CH, Yusof AM, Chapman HM, Winey M, Fisk HA. Preventing the degradation of mps1 at centrosomes is sufficient to cause centrosome reduplication in human cells. Mol Biol Cell (2007) 18:4457-69. doi:10.1091/mbc.E07-03-0283
137. Pike AN, Fisk HA. Centriole assembly and the role of Mps1: defensible or dispensable? Cell Div (2011) 6:9. doi:10.1186/1747-1028-6-9
138. Stucke VM, Sillje HH, Arnaud L, Nigg EA. Human Mps1 kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint but not for centrosome duplication. EMBO J (2002) 21:1723-32. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.7.1723
139. Yang CH, Kasbek C, Majumder S, Yusof AM, Fisk HA. Mps1 phosphorylation sites regulate the function of centrin 2 in centriole assembly. Mol Biol Cell (2010) 21:4361-72. doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-04-0298
140. Brownlee CW, Rogers GC. Show me your license, please: deregulation of centriole duplication mechanisms that promote amplification. Cell Mol Life Sci (2013) 70:1021-34. doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1102-6
141. Wang W, Budhu A, Forgues M, Wang XW. Temporal and spatial control of nucleophosmin by the Ran-Crm1 complex in centrosome duplication. Nat Cell Biol (2005) 7:823-30. doi:10.1038/ncb1282
142. Grisendi S, Bernardi R, Rossi M, Cheng K, Khandker L, Manova K, et al. Role of nucleophosmin in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Nature (2005) 437:147-53. doi:10.1038/nature03915
143. Shinmura K, Tarapore P, Tokuyama Y, George KR, Fukasawa K. Characterization of centrosomal association of nucleophosmin/B23 linked to Crm1 activity. FEBS Lett (2005) 579:6621-34. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.057
144. Zatsepina OV, Rousselet A, Chan PK, Olson MO, Jordan EG, Bornens M. The nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 redistributes in part to the spindle poles during mitosis. J Cell Sci (1999) 112(Pt 4):455-66.
145. Hanashiro K, Brancaccio M, Fukasawa K. Activated ROCK II by-passes the requirement of the CDK2 activity for centrosome duplication and amplification. Oncogene (2011) 30:2188-97. doi:10.1038/onc.2010.607
146. Zhang H, Shi X, Paddon H, Hampong M, Dai W, Pelech S. B23/nucleophosmin serine 4 phosphorylation mediates mitotic functions of polo-like kinase 1. J Biol Chem (2004) 279:35726-34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403264200
147. Cizmecioglu O, Warnke S, Arnold M, Duensing S, Hoffmann I. Plk2 regulated centriole duplication is dependent on its localization to the centrioles and a functional polo-box domain. Cell Cycle (2008) 7:3548-55. doi:10.4161/cc.7.22.7071
148. Warnke S, Kemmler S, Hames RS, Tsai HL, Hoffmann-Rohrer U, Fry AM, et al. Polo-like kinase-2 is required for centriole duplication in mammalian cells. Curr Biol (2004) 14:1200-7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.059
149. Fisk HA, Winey M. Spindle regulation: Mps1 flies into new areas. Curr Biol (2004) 14:R1058-60. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.047
150. Zhang M, Pickart CM, Coffino P. Determinants of proteasome recognition of ornithine decarboxylase, a ubiquitin-independent substrate. EMBO J (2003) 22:1488-96. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg158
151. Mangold U, Hayakawa H, Coughlin M, Munger K, Zetter BR. Antizyme, a mediator of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation and its inhibitor localize to centrosomes and modulate centriole amplification. Oncogene (2008) 27:604-13. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210685
152. Cui Y, Cheng X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Li S, Wang C, et al. Degradation of the human mitotic checkpoint kinase Mps1 is cell cycle-regulated by APC-cCdc20 and APC-cCdh1 ubiquitin ligases. J Biol Chem (2010) 285:32988-98. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.140905
153. Loncarek J, Hergert P, Khodjakov A. Centriole reduplication during prolonged interphase requires procentriole maturation governed by Plk1. Curr Biol (2010) 20:1277-82. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.05.050
154. Wang WJ, Soni RK, Uryu K, Tsou MF. The conversion of centrioles to centrosomes: essential coupling of duplication with segregation. J Cell Biol (2011) 193:727-39. doi:10.1083/jcb.201101109
155. Bettencourt-Dias M, Rodrigues-Martins A, Carpenter L, Riparbelli M, Lehmann L, Gatt MK, et al. SAK/PLK4 is required for centriole duplication and flagella development. Curr Biol (2005) 15:2199-207. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.042
156. Brownlee CW, Klebba JE, Buster DW, Rogers GC. The Protein Phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit Twins stabilizes Plk4 to induce centriole amplification. J Cell Biol (2011) 195:231-43. doi:10.1083/jcb.201107086
157. Habedanck R, Stierhof YD, Wilkinson CJ, Nigg EA. The Polo kinase Plk4 functions in centriole duplication. Nat Cell Biol (2005) 7:1140-6. doi:10.1038/ncb1320
158. Holland AJ, Lan W, Niessen S, Hoover H, Cleveland DW. Polo-like kinase 4 kinase activity limits centrosome overduplication by autoregulating its own stability. J Cell Biol (2010) 188:191-8. doi:10.1083/jcb.200911102
159. Rogers GC, Rusan NM, Roberts DM, Peifer M, Rogers SL. The SCF Slimb ubiquitin ligase regulates Plk4/Sak levels to block centriole reduplication. J Cell Biol (2009) 184:225-39. doi:10.1083/jcb.200808049
160. Cunha-Ferreira I, Rodrigues-Martins A, Bento I, Riparbelli M, Zhang W, Laue E, et al. The SCF/Slimb ubiquitin ligase limits centrosome amplification through degradation of SAK/PLK4. Curr Biol (2009) 19:43-9. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.037
161. Guderian G, Westendorf J, Uldschmid A, Nigg EA. Plk4 trans-autophosphorylation regulates centriole number by controlling betaTrCP-mediated degradation. J Cell Sci (2010) 123:2163-9. doi:10.1242/jcs.068502
162. Sillibourne JE, Tack F, Vloemans N, Boeckx A, Thambirajah S, Bonnet P, et al. Autophosphorylation of polo-like kinase 4 and its role in centriole duplication. Mol Biol Cell (2010) 21:547-61. doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-06-0505
163. Delattre M, Canard C, Gonczy P. Sequential protein recruitment in C. elegans centriole formation. Curr Biol (2006) 16:1844-9. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.059
164. Sonnen KF, Gabryjonczyk AM, Anselm E, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA. Human Cep192 and Cep152 cooperate in Plk4 recruitment and centriole duplication. J Cell Sci (2013) 126:3223-33. doi:10.1242/jcs.129502
165. Holland AJ, Fachinetti D, Zhu Q, Bauer M, Verma IM, Nigg EA, et al. The autoregulated instability of Polo-like kinase 4 limits centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. Genes Dev (2012) 26:2684-9. doi:10.1101/gad.207027.112
166. Avidor-Reiss T, Gopalakrishnan J. Building a centriole. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2013) 25:72-7. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2012.10.016
167. Brito DA, Gouveia SM, Bettencourt-Dias M. Deconstructing the centriole: structure and number control. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2012) 24:4-13. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2012.01.003
168. Sluder G, Khodjakov A. Centriole duplication: analogue control in a digital age. Cell Biol Int (2010) 34:1239-45. doi:10.1042/CBI20100612
169. Strnad P, Gonczy P. Mechanisms of procentriole formation. Trends Cell Biol (2008) 18:389-96. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2008.06.004
170. Fry AM, Mayor T, Meraldi P, Stierhof YD, Tanaka K, Nigg EA. C-Nap1, a novel centrosomal coiled-coil protein and candidate substrate of the cell cycle-regulated protein kinase Nek2. J Cell Biol (1998) 141:1563-74. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.7.1563
171. Gonczy P. Towards a molecular architecture of centriole assembly. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2012) 13:425-35. doi:10.1038/nrm3373
172. Pelletier L, O'Toole E, Schwager A, Hyman AA, Muller-Reichert T. Centriole assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature (2006) 444:619-23. doi:10.1038/nature05318
173. Cizmecioglu O, Arnold M, Bahtz R, Settele F, Ehret L, Haselmann-Weiss U, et al. Cep152 acts as a scaffold for recruitment of Plk4 and CPAP to the centrosome. J Cell Biol (2010) 191:731-9. doi:10.1083/jcb.201007107
174. Dzhindzhev NS, Yu QD, Weiskopf K, Tzolovsky G, Cunha-Ferreira I, Riparbelli M, et al. Asterless is a scaffold for the onset of centriole assembly. Nature (2010) 467:714-8. doi:10.1038/nature09445
175. Hatch EM, Kulukian A, Holland AJ, Cleveland DW, Stearns T. Cep152 interacts with Plk4 and is required for centriole duplication. J Cell Biol (2010) 191:721-9. doi:10.1083/jcb.201006049
176. Blachon S, Gopalakrishnan J, Omori Y, Polyanovsky A, Church A, Nicastro D, et al. Drosophila asterless and vertebrate Cep152 Are orthologs essential for centriole duplication. Genetics (2008) 180:2081-94. doi:10.1534/genetics.108.095141
177. Puklowski A, Homsi Y, Keller D, May M, Chauhan S, Kossatz U, et al. The SCF-FBXW5 E3-ubiquitin ligase is regulated by PLK4 and targets HsSAS-6 to control centrosome duplication. Nat Cell Biol (2011) 13:1004-9. doi:10.1038/ncb2282
178. Culver BP, Meehl JB, Giddings TH Jr., Winey M. The two SAS-6 homologs in Tetrahymena thermophila have distinct functions in basal body assembly. Mol Biol Cell (2009) 20:1865-77. doi:10.1091/mbc.E08-08-0838
179. Nakazawa Y, Hiraki M, Kamiya R, Hirono M. SAS-6 is a cartwheel protein that establishes the 9-fold symmetry of the centriole. Curr Biol (2007) 17:2169-74. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.046
180. Strnad P, Leidel S, Vinogradova T, Euteneuer U, Khodjakov A, Gönczy P. Regulated HsSAS-6 levels ensure formation of a single procentriole per centriole during the centrosome duplication cycle. Dev Cell (2007) 13:203-13. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.07.004
181. Kitagawa D, Vakonakis I, Olieric N, Hilbert M, Keller D, Olieric V, et al. Structural basis of the 9-fold symmetry of centrioles. Cell (2011) 144:364-75. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.008
182. van Breugel M, Hirono M, Andreeva A, Yanagisawa HA, Yamaguchi S, Nakazawa Y, et al. Structures of SAS-6 suggest its organization in centrioles. Science (2011) 331:1196-9. doi:10.1126/science.1199325
183. Gopalakrishnan J, Guichard P, Smith AH, Schwarz H, Agard DA, Marco S, et al. Self-assembling SAS-6 multimer is a core centriole building block. J Biol Chem (2010) 285:8759-70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.092627
184. Kitagawa D, Busso C, Fluckiger I, Gonczy P. Phosphorylation of SAS-6 by ZYG-1 is critical for centriole formation in C. elegans embryos. Dev Cell (2009) 17:900-7. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.11.002
185. Delattre M, Leidel S, Wani K, Baumer K, Bamat J, Schnabel H, et al. Centriolar SAS-5 is required for centrosome duplication in C. elegans. Nat Cell Biol (2004) 6:656-64. doi:10.1038/ncb1146
186. Hiraki M, Nakazawa Y, Kamiya R, Hirono M. Bld10p constitutes the cartwheel-spoke tip and stabilizes the 9-fold symmetry of the centriole. Curr Biol (2007) 17:1778-83. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.021
187. Stevens NR, Dobbelaere J, Brunk K, Franz A, Raff JW. Drosophila Ana2 is a conserved centriole duplication factor. J Cell Biol (2010) 188:313-23. doi:10.1083/jcb.200910016
188. Stevens NR, Roque H, Raff JW. DSas-6 and Ana2 coassemble into tubules to promote centriole duplication and engagement. Dev Cell (2010) 19:913-9. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.11.010
189. Arquint C, Sonnen KF, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA. Cell-cycle-regulated expression of STIL controls centriole number in human cells. J Cell Sci (2012) 125:1342-52. doi:10.1242/jcs.099887
190. Tang CJ, Lin SY, Hsu WB, Lin YN, Wu CT, Lin YC, et al. The human microcephaly protein STIL interacts with CPAP and is required for procentriole formation. EMBO J (2011) 30:4790-804. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.378
191. Vulprecht J, Vulprecht J, David A, Tibelius A, Castiel A, Konotop G, et al. STIL is required for centriole duplication in human cells. J Cell Sci (2012) 125:1353-62. doi:10.1242/jcs.104109
192. Guichard P, Chretien D, Marco S, Tassin AM. Procentriole assembly revealed by cryo-electron tomography. EMBO J (2010) 29:1565-72. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.45
193. Dupuis-Williams P, Fleury-Aubusson A, de Loubresse NG, Geoffroy H, Vayssié L, Galvani A, et al. Functional role of epsilon-tubulin in the assembly of the centriolar microtubule scaffold. J Cell Biol (2002) 158:1183-93. doi:10.1083/jcb.200205028
194. Dutcher SK, Morrissette NS, Preble AM, Rackley C, Stanga J. Epsilon-tubulin is an essential component of the centriole. Mol Biol Cell (2002) 13:3859-69. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0205
195. Chang J, Cizmecioglu O, Hoffmann I, Rhee K. PLK2 phosphorylation is critical for CPAP function in procentriole formation during the centrosome cycle. EMBO J (2010) 29:2395-406. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.118
196. Azimzadeh J, Hergert P, Delouvée A, Euteneuer U, Formstecher E, Khodjakov A, et al. hPOC5 is a centrin-binding protein required for assembly of full-length centrioles. J Cell Biol (2009) 185:101-14. doi:10.1083/jcb.200808082
197. Tang CJ, Fu RH, Wu KS, Hsu WB, Tang TK. CPAP is a cell-cycle regulated protein that controls centriole length. Nat Cell Biol (2009) 11:825-31. doi:10.1038/ncb1889
198. Keller LC, Geimer S, Romijn E, Yates J 3rd, Zamora I, Marshall WF. Molecular architecture of the centriole proteome: the conserved WD40 domain protein POC1 is required for centriole duplication and length control. Mol Biol Cell (2009) 20:1150-66. doi:10.1091/mbc.E08-06-0619
199. Li J, D'Angiolella V, Seeley ES, Kim S, Kobayashi T, Fu W, et al. USP33 regulates centrosome biogenesis via deubiquitination of the centriolar protein CP110. Nature (2013) 495:255-9. doi:10.1038/nature11941
200. Chen Z, Indjeian VB, McManus M, Wang L, Dynlacht BD. CP110, a cell cycle-dependent CDK substrate, regulates centrosome duplication in human cells. Dev Cell (2002) 3:339-50. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00258-7
201. Spektor A, Tsang WY, Khoo D, Dynlacht BD. Cep97 and CP110 suppress a cilia assembly program. Cell (2007) 130:678-90. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.027
202. Berdnik D, Knoblich JA. Drosophila Aurora-A is required for centrosome maturation and actin-dependent asymmetric protein localization during mitosis. Curr Biol (2002) 12:640-7. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00766-2
203. Hannak E, Kirkham M, Hyman AA, Oegema K. Aurora-A kinase is required for centrosome maturation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol (2001) 155:1109-16. doi:10.1083/jcb.200108051
204. Lane HA, Nigg EA. Antibody microinjection reveals an essential role for human polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in the functional maturation of mitotic centrosomes. J Cell Biol (1996) 135:1701-13. doi:10.1083/jcb.135.6.1701
205. Song D, Zhukov TA, Markov O, Qian W, Tockman MS. A new method for lung cancer prognosis via centrosome image feature analysis. Anal Quant Cytol Histol (2012) 34:180-8.
206. Wu ZQ, Liu X. Role for Plk1 phosphorylation of Hbo1 in regulation of replication licensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 105:1919-24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712063105
207. Bornens M, Paintrand M, Berges J, Marty MC, Karsenti E. Structural and chemical characterization of isolated centrosomes. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton (1987) 8:238-49. doi:10.1002/cm.970080305
208. Fletcher L, Cerniglia GJ, Yen TJ, Muschel RJ. Live cell imaging reveals distinct roles in cell cycle regulation for Nek2A and Nek2B. Biochim Biophys Acta (2005) 1744:89-92. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.01.007
209. Bahe S, Stierhof YD, Wilkinson CJ, Leiss F, Nigg EA. Rootletin forms centriole-associated filaments and functions in centrosome cohesion. J Cell Biol (2005) 171:27-33. doi:10.1083/jcb.200504107
210. Yang J, Adamian M, Li T. Rootletin interacts with C-Nap1 and may function as a physical linker between the pair of centrioles/basal bodies in cells. Mol Biol Cell (2006) 17:1033-40. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-10-0943
211. Yang J, Li T. Focus on molecules: rootletin. Exp Eye Res (2006) 83:1-2. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.10.013
212. Faragher AJ, Fry AM. Nek2A kinase stimulates centrosome disjunction and is required for formation of bipolar mitotic spindles. Mol Biol Cell (2003) 14:2876-89. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-02-0108
213. Graser S, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA. Cep68 and Cep215 (Cdk5rap2) are required for centrosome cohesion. J Cell Sci (2007) 120:4321-31. doi:10.1242/jcs.020248
214. Fry AM, Arnaud L, Nigg EA. Activity of the human centrosomal kinase, Nek2, depends on an unusual leucine zipper dimerization motif. J Biol Chem (1999) 274:16304-10. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.23.16304
215. Mi J, Guo C, Brautigan DL, Larner JM. Protein phosphatase-1alpha regulates centrosome splitting through Nek2. Cancer Res (2007) 67:1082-9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3071
216. Eto M, Elliott E, Prickett TD, Brautigan DL. Inhibitor-2 regulates protein phosphatase-1 complexed with NimA-related kinase to induce centrosome separation. J Biol Chem (2002) 277:44013-20. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208035200
217. Macurek L, Lindqvist A, Lim D, Lampson MA, Klompmaker R, Freire R, et al. Polo-like kinase-1 is activated by Aurora A to promote checkpoint recovery. Nature (2008) 455:119-23. doi:10.1038/nature07185
218. Seki A, Coppinger JA, Du H, Jang CY, Yates JR 3rd, Fang G. Plk1-and beta-TrCP-dependent degradation of Bora controls mitotic progression. J Cell Biol (2008) 181:65-78. doi:10.1083/jcb.200712027
219. Seki A, Coppinger JA, Jang CY, Yates JR, Fang G. Bora and the kinase Aurora A cooperatively activate the kinase Plk1 and control mitotic entry. Science (2008) 320:1655-8. doi:10.1126/science.1157425
220. Helps NR, Luo X, Barker HM, Cohen PT. NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2), a cell-cycle-regulated protein kinase localized to centrosomes, is complexed to protein phosphatase 1. Biochem J (2000) 349:509-18. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3490509
221. Mardin BR, Lange C, Baxter JE, Hardy T, Scholz SR, Fry AM, et al. Components of the Hippo pathway cooperate with Nek2 kinase to regulate centrosome disjunction. Nat Cell Biol (2010) 12:1166-76. doi:10.1038/ncb2120
222. Pugacheva EN, Golemis EA. The focal adhesion scaffolding protein HEF1 regulates activation of the Aurora-A and Nek2 kinases at the centrosome. Nat Cell Biol (2005) 7:937-46. doi:10.1038/ncb1309
223. Matsuo K, Nishimura T, Hayakawa A, Ono Y, Takahashi M. Involvement of a centrosomal protein kendrin in the maintenance of centrosome cohesion by modulating Nek2A kinase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 398:217-23. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.063
224. Haren L, Stearns T, Luders J. Plk1-dependent recruitment of gamma-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes involves multiple PCM components. PLoS One (2009) 4:e5976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005976
225. Rosenblatt J. Spindle assembly: asters part their separate ways. Nat Cell Biol (2005) 7:219-22. doi:10.1038/ncb0305-219
226. Sharp DJ, Yu KR, Sisson JC, Sullivan W, Scholey JM. Antagonistic microtubule-sliding motors position mitotic centrosomes in Drosophila early embryos. Nat Cell Biol (1999) 1:51-4. doi:10.1038/9025
227. Tanenbaum ME, Macurek L, Galjart N, Medema RH. Dynein, Lis1 and CLIP-170 counteract Eg5-dependent centrosome separation during bipolar spindle assembly. EMBO J (2008) 27:3235-45. doi:10.1038/emboj.2008.242
228. Tanenbaum ME, Medema RH. Mechanisms of centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly. Dev Cell (2010) 19:797-806. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.11.011
229. Woodcock SA, Rushton HJ, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Myant K, White GR, Blyth K, et al. Tiam1-Rac signaling counteracts Eg5 during bipolar spindle assembly to facilitate chromosome congression. Curr Biol (2010) 20:669-75. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.033
230. Cole DG, Saxton WM, Sheehan KB, Scholey JMA. "Slow" homotetrameric kinesin-related motor protein purified from Drosophila embryos. J Biol Chem (1994) 269:22913-6.
231. Sawin KE, Mitchison TJ, Wordeman LG. Evidence for kinesin-related proteins in the mitotic apparatus using peptide antibodies. J Cell Sci (1992) 101(Pt 2):303-13.
232. Kapoor TM, Mayer TU, Coughlin ML, Mitchison TJ. Probing spindle assembly mechanisms with monastrol, a small molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin, Eg5. J Cell Biol (2000) 150:975-88. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.5.975
233. Whitehead CM, Rattner JB. Expanding the role of HsEg5 within the mitotic and post-mitotic phases of the cell cycle. J Cell Sci (1998) 111(Pt 17):2551-61.
234. Sawin KE, Mitchison TJ. Mutations in the kinesin-like protein Eg5 disrupting localization to the mitotic spindle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 92:4289-93. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4289
235. Bertran MT, Sdelci S, Regué L, Avruch J, Caelles C, Roig J. Nek9 is a Plk1-activated kinase that controls early centrosome separation through Nek6/7 and Eg5. EMBO J (2011) 30:2634-47. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.179
236. Mardin BR, Agircan FG, Lange C, Schiebel E. Plk1 controls the Nek2A-PP1gamma antagonism in centrosome disjunction. Curr Biol (2011) 21:1145-51. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.047
237. Smith E, Hégarat N, Vesely C, Roseboom I, Larch C, Streicher H, et al. Differential control of Eg5-dependent centrosome separation by Plk1 and Cdk1. EMBO J (2011) 30:2233-45. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.120
238. Blangy A, Lane HA, d'Hérin P, Harper M, Kress M, Nigg EA. Phosphorylation by p34cdc2 regulates spindle association of human Eg5, a kinesin-related motor essential for bipolar spindle formation in vivo. Cell (1995) 83:1159-69. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90142-6
239. Mardin BR, Schiebel E. Breaking the ties that bind: new advances in centrosome biology. J Cell Biol (2012) 197:11-8. doi:10.1083/jcb.201108006
240. Kaseda K, McAinsh AD, Cross RA. Dual pathway spindle assembly increases both the speed and the fidelity of mitosis. Biol Open (2012) 1:12-8. doi:10.1242/bio.2011012
241. Aubin JE, Osborn M, Weber K. Variations in the distribution and migration of centriole duplexes in mitotic PtK2 cells studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. J Cell Sci (1980) 43:177-94.
242. Rattner JB, Berns MW. Centriole behavior in early mitosis of rat kangaroo cells (PTK2). Chromosoma (1976) 54:387-95. doi:10.1007/BF00292817
243. Rosenblatt J, Cramer LP, Baum B, McGee KM. Myosin II-dependent cortical movement is required for centrosome separation and positioning during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell (2004) 117:361-72. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00341-1
244. Toso A, Winter JR, Garrod AJ, Amaro AC, Meraldi P, McAinsh AD. Kinetochore-generated pushing forces separate centrosomes during bipolar spindle assembly. J Cell Biol (2009) 184:365-72. doi:10.1083/jcb.200809055
245. Waters JC, Cole RW, Rieder CL. The force-producing mechanism for centrosome separation during spindle formation in vertebrates is intrinsic to each aster. J Cell Biol (1993) 122:361-72. doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.361
246. Whitehead CM, Winkfein RJ, Rattner JB. The relationship of HsEg5 and the actin cytoskeleton to centrosome separation. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton (1996) 35:298-308. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1996)35:4<298::AID-CM3>3.0.CO;2-3
247. Silkworth WT, Nardi IK, Paul R, Mogilner A, Cimini D. Timing of centrosome separation is important for accurate chromosome segregation. Mol Biol Cell (2012) 23:401-11. doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0095
248. Landry JJM, Pyl PT, Rausch T, Zichner T, Tekkedil MM, Stütz AM, et al. The genomic and transcriptomic landscape of a HeLa cell line. G3 (2013) 3(8):1213-24. doi:10.1534/g3.113.005777
249. Boveri T. Ergebnisse Uber die Konstitution der Chromatischen Substanz des Zellkerns. Jena: Gustav Fischer (1904).
250. Lingle WL, Lutz WH, Ingle JN, Maihle NJ, Salisbury JL. Centrosome hypertrophy in human breast tumors: implications for genomic stability and cell polarity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 95:2950-5. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.2950
251. Pihan GA, Purohit A, Wallace J, Knecht H, Woda B, Quesenberry P, et al. Centrosome defects and genetic instability in malignant tumors. Cancer Res (1998) 58:3974-85.
252. Carroll PE, Okuda M, Horn HF, Biddinger P, Stambrook PJ, Gleich LL, et al. Centrosome hyperamplification in human cancer: chromosome instability induced by p53 mutation and/or Mdm2 overexpression. Oncogene (1999) 18:1935-44. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202515
253. Duensing S, Lee LY, Duensing A, Basile J, Piboonniyom S, Gonzalez S, et al. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate to induce mitotic defects and genomic instability by uncoupling centrosome duplication from the cell division cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2000) 97:10002-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.170093297
254. Ghadimi BM, Sackett DL, Difilippantonio MJ, Schröck E, Neumann T, Jauho A, et al. Centrosome amplification and instability occurs exclusively in aneuploid, but not in diploid colorectal cancer cell lines, and correlates with numerical chromosomal aberrations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2000) 27:183-90. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(200002)27:2<183::AID-GCC10>3.0.CO;2-P
255. Gustafson LM, Gleich LL, Fukasawa K, Chadwell J, Miller MA, Stambrook PJ, et al. Centrosome hyperamplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a potential phenotypic marker of tumor aggressiveness. Laryngoscope (2000) 110:1798-801. doi:10.1097/00005537-200011000-00004
256. Kuo KK, Sato N, Mizumoto K, Maehara N, Yonemasu H, Ker CG, et al. Centrosome abnormalities in human carcinomas of the gallbladder and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatology (2000) 31:59-64. doi:10.1002/hep.510310112
257. Lingle WL, Salisbury JL. Altered centrosome structure is associated with abnormal mitoses in human breast tumors. Am J Pathol (1999) 155:1941-51. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65513-7
258. Neben K, Giesecke C, Schweizer S, Ho AD, Kramer A. Centrosome aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia are correlated with cytogenetic risk profile. Blood (2003) 101:289-91. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1188
259. Roshani L, Fujioka K, Auer G, Kjellman M, Lagercrantz S, Larsson C. Aberrations of centrosomes in adrenocortical tumors. Int J Oncol (2002) 20:1161-5.
260. Sato N, Mizumoto K, Nakamura M, Nakamura K, Kusumoto M, Niiyama H, et al. Centrosome abnormalities in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res (1999) 5:963-70.
261. Sato N, Mizumoto K, Nakamura M, Tanaka M. Radiation-induced centrosome overduplication and multiple mitotic spindles in human tumor cells. Exp Cell Res (2000) 255:321-6. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4797
262. Skyldberg B, Fujioka K, Hellström AC, Sylvén L, Moberger B, Auer G. Human papillomavirus infection, centrosome aberration, and genetic stability in cervical lesions. Mod Pathol (2001) 14:279-84. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880303
263. Weber RG, Bridger JM, Benner A, Weisenberger D, Ehemann V, Reifenberger G, et al. Centrosome amplification as a possible mechanism for numerical chromosome aberrations in cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumors with TP53 mutations. Cytogenet Cell Genet (1998) 83:266-9. doi:10.1159/000015168
264. Chan JY. A clinical overview of centrosome amplification in human cancers. Int J Biol Sci (2011) 7:1122-44. doi:10.7150/ijbs.7.1122
265. Chandhok NS, Pellman D. A little CIN may cost a lot: revisiting aneuploidy and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev (2009) 19:74-81. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.12.004
266. Holland AJ, Cleveland DW. Boveri revisited: chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2009) 10:478-87. doi:10.1038/nrm2718
267. Ricke RM, van Ree JH, van Deursen JM. Whole chromosome instability and cancer: a complex relationship. Trends Genet (2008) 24:457-66. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.07.002
268. Thompson SL, Bakhoum SF, Compton DA. Mechanisms of chromosomal instability. Curr Biol (2010) 20:R285-95. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.034
269. Lingle WL, Barrett SL, Negron VC, D'Assoro AB, Boeneman K, Liu W, et al. Centrosome amplification drives chromosomal instability in breast tumor development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 99:1978-83. doi:10.1073/pnas.032479999
270. Pihan GA, Wallace J, Zhou Y, Doxsey SJ. Centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability occur together in pre-invasive carcinomas. Cancer Res (2003) 63:1398-404.
271. Nigg EA. Centrosome aberrations: cause or consequence of cancer progression? Nat Rev Cancer (2002) 2:815-25. doi:10.1038/nrc924
272. Storchova Z, Pellman D. From polyploidy to aneuploidy, genome instability and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2004) 5:45-54. doi:10.1038/nrm1276
273. Magnani I, Novielli C, Fontana L, Tabano S, Rovina D, Moroni RF, et al. Differential signature of the centrosomal MARK4 isoforms in glioma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) (2011) 34:319-38. doi:10.3233/ACP-2011-0031
274. Miyachika Y, Yamamoto Y, Matsumoto H, Nishijima J, Kawai Y, Nagao K, et al. Centrosome amplification in bladder washing cytology specimens is a useful prognostic biomarker for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Genet (2013) 206:12-8. doi:10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.11.004
275. Bakhoum SF, Compton DA. Chromosomal instability and cancer: a complex relationship with therapeutic potential. J Clin Invest (2012) 122:1138-43. doi:10.1172/JCI59954
276. Galimberti F, Thompson SL, Ravi S, Compton DA, Dmitrovsky E. Anaphase catastrophe is a target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 17:1218-22. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1178
277. Korzeniewski N, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S. The centrosome as potential target for cancer therapy and prevention. Expert Opin Ther Targets (2013) 17:43-52. doi:10.1517/14728222.2013.731396
278. Pihan GA, Doxsey SJ. The mitotic machinery as a source of genetic instability in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol (1999) 9:289-302. doi:10.1006/scbi.1999.0131
279. Yamamoto Y, Misumi T, Eguchi S, Chochi Y, Kitahara S, Nakao M, et al. Centrosome amplification as a putative prognostic biomarker for the classification of urothelial carcinomas. Hum Pathol (2011) 42:1923-30. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2011.02.013
280. Chretien D, Buendia B, Fuller SD, Karsenti E. Reconstruction of the centrosome cycle from cryoelectron micrographs. J Struct Biol (1997) 120:117-33. doi:10.1006/jsbi.1997.3928
281. de Harven E. Early observations of centrioles and mitotic spindle fibers by transmission electron microscopy. Biol Cell (1994) 80:107-9. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(94)90028-0
282. Rieder CL, Borisy GG. The centrosome cycle in PtK2 cells: asymmetric distribution and structural changes in the pericentriolar material. Biol Cell (1982) 44:117-32.
283. Rieder CL, Faruki S, Khodjakov A. The centrosome in vertebrates: more than a microtubule-organizing center. Trends Cell Biol (2001) 11:413-9. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(01)02085-2
284. D'Assoro AB, Lingle WL, Salisbury JL. Centrosome amplification and the development of cancer. Oncogene (2002) 21:6146-53. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205772
285. Fukasawa K, Choi T, Kuriyama R, Rulong S, Vande Woude GF. Abnormal centrosome amplification in the absence of p53. Science (1996) 271:1744-7. doi:10.1126/science.271.5256.1744
286. Salisbury JL, D'Assoro AB, Lingle WL. Centrosome amplification and the origin of chromosomal instability in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia (2004) 9:275-83. doi:10.1023/B:JOMG.0000048774.27697.30
287. Chiba S, Okuda M, Mussman JG, Fukasawa K. Genomic convergence and suppression of centrosome hyperamplification in primary p53-/-cells in prolonged culture. Exp Cell Res (2000) 258:310-21. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4916
288. Mussman JG, Horn HF, Carroll PE, Okuda M, Tarapore P, Donehower LA, et al. Synergistic induction of centrosome hyperamplification by loss of p53 and cyclin E overexpression. Oncogene (2000) 19:1635-46. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203460
289. Khodjakov A, Rieder CL, Sluder G, Cassels G, Sibon O, Wang CL. De novo formation of centrosomes in vertebrate cells arrested during S phase. J Cell Biol (2002) 158:1171-81. doi:10.1083/jcb.200205102
290. La Terra S, English CN, Hergert P, McEwen BF, Sluder G, Khodjakov A. The de novo centriole assembly pathway in HeLa cells: cell cycle progression and centriole assembly/maturation. J Cell Biol (2005) 168:713-22. doi:10.1083/jcb.200411126
291. Fujiwara T, Bandi M, Nitta M, Ivanova EV, Bronson RT, Pellman D. Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells. Nature (2005) 437:1043-7. doi:10.1038/nature04217
292. Meraldi P, Honda R, Nigg EA. Aurora-A overexpression reveals tetraploidization as a major route to centrosome amplification in p53-/-cells. EMBO J (2002) 21:483-92. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.4.483
293. Hu T, Miller CM, Ridder GM, Aardema MJ. Characterization of p53 in Chinese hamster cell lines CHO-K1, CHO-WBL, and CHL: implications for genotoxicity testing. Mutat Res (1999) 426:51-62. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00077-9
294. Ganem NJ, Storchova Z, Pellman D. Tetraploidy, aneuploidy and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev (2007) 17:157-62. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2007.02.011
295. Duensing S, Duensing A, Crum CP, Munger K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein-induced abnormal centrosome synthesis is an early event in the evolving malignant phenotype. Cancer Res (2001) 61:2356-60.
296. Tarapore P, Horn HF, Tokuyama Y, Fukasawa K. Direct regulation of the centrosome duplication cycle by the p53-p21Waf1/Cip1 pathway. Oncogene (2001) 20:3173-84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204424
297. Dutertre S, Hamard-Peron E, Cremet JY, Thomas Y, Prigent C. The absence of p53 aggravates polyploidy and centrosome number abnormality induced by Aurora-C overexpression. Cell Cycle (2005) 4:1783-7. doi:10.4161/cc.4.12.2172
298. Andreassen PR, Lohez OD, Lacroix FB, Margolis RL. Tetraploid state induces p53-dependent arrest of nontransformed mammalian cells in G1. Mol Biol Cell (2001) 12:1315-28. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.5.1315
299. Khan SH, Wahl GM. p53 and pRb prevent rereplication in response to microtubule inhibitors by mediating a reversible G1 arrest. Cancer Res (1998) 58:396-401.
300. Lanni JS, Jacks T. Characterization of the p53-dependent postmitotic checkpoint following spindle disruption. Mol Cell Biol (1998) 18:1055-64.
301. Shackney SE, Smith CA, Miller BW, Burholt DR, Murtha K, Giles HR, et al. Model for the genetic evolution of human solid tumors. Cancer Res (1989) 49:3344-54.
302. Leidel S, Delattre M, Cerutti L, Baumer K, Gonczy P. SAS-6 defines a protein family required for centrosome duplication in C. elegans and in human cells. Nat Cell Biol (2005) 7:115-25. doi:10.1038/ncb1220
303. Peel N, Stevens NR, Basto R, Raff JW. Overexpressing centriole-replication proteins in vivo induces centriole overduplication and de novo formation. Curr Biol (2007) 17:834-43. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.036
304. Ko MA, Rosario CO, Hudson JW, Kulkarni S, Pollett A, Dennis JW, et al. Plk4 haploinsufficiency causes mitotic infidelity and carcinogenesis. Nat Genet (2005) 37:883-8. doi:10.1038/ng1605
305. Pellegrino R, Calvisi DF, Ladu S, Ehemann V, Staniscia T, Evert M, et al. Oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of polo-like kinases in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (2010) 51:857-68. doi:10.1002/hep.23467
306. Marshall WF, Vucica Y, Rosenbaum JL. Kinetics and regulation of de novo centriole assembly. Implications for the mechanism of centriole duplication. Curr Biol (2001) 11:308-17. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00094-X
307. Palazzo RE, Vaisberg E, Cole RW, Rieder CL. Centriole duplication in lysates of Spisula solidissima oocytes. Science (1992) 256:219-21. doi:10.1126/science.1566068
308. Kallenbach RJ, Mazia D. Origin and maturation of centrioles in association with the nuclear envelope in hypertonic-stressed sea urchin eggs. Eur J Cell Biol (1982) 28:68-76.
309. Balczon R, West K. The identification of mammalian centrosomal antigens using human autoimmune anticentrosome antisera. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton (1991) 20:121-35. doi:10.1002/cm.970200205
310. Maniotis A, Schliwa M. Microsurgical removal of centrosomes blocks cell reproduction and centriole generation in BSC-1 cells. Cell (1991) 67:495-504. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90524-3
311. Prosser SL, Straatman KR, Fry AM. Molecular dissection of the centrosome overduplication pathway in S-phase-arrested cells. Mol Cell Biol (2009) 29:1760-73. doi:10.1128/MCB.01124-08
312. Barenz F, Mayilo D, Gruss OJ. Centriolar satellites: busy orbits around the centrosome. Eur J Cell Biol (2011) 90:983-9. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.07.007
313. Kubo A, Sasaki H, Yuba-Kubo A, Tsukita S, Shiina N. Centriolar satellites: molecular characterization, ATP-dependent movement toward centrioles and possible involvement in ciliogenesis. J Cell Biol (1999) 147:969-80. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.5.969
314. Lopes CA, Prosser SL, Romio L, Hirst RA, O'Callaghan C, Woolf AS, et al. Centriolar satellites are assembly points for proteins implicated in human ciliopathies, including oral-facial-digital syndrome 1. J Cell Sci (2011) 124:600-12. doi:10.1242/jcs.077156
315. Dammermann A, Merdes A. Assembly of centrosomal proteins and microtubule organization depends on PCM-1. J Cell Biol (2002) 159:255-66. doi:10.1083/jcb.200204023
316. Hames RS, Crookes RE, Straatman KR, Merdes A, Hayes MJ, Faragher AJ, et al. Dynamic recruitment of Nek2 kinase to the centrosome involves microtubules, PCM-1, and localized proteasomal degradation. Mol Biol Cell (2005) 16:1711-24. doi:10.1091/mbc.E04-08-0688
317. Loffler H, Fechter A, Liu FY, Poppelreuther S, Kramer A. DNA damage-induced centrosome amplification occurs via excessive formation of centriolar satellites. Oncogene (2013) 32:2963-72. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.310
318. Kleylein-Sohn J, Pöllinger B, Ohmer M, Hofmann F, Nigg EA, Hemmings BA, et al. Acentrosomal spindle organization renders cancer cells dependent on the kinesin HSET. J Cell Sci (2012) 125:5391-402. doi:10.1242/jcs.107474
319. Prosser SL, Samant MD, Baxter JE, Morrison CG, Fry AM. Oscillation of APC/C activity during cell cycle arrest promotes centrosome amplification. J Cell Sci (2012) 125:5353-68. doi:10.1242/jcs.106096
320. Ma HT, Tsang YH, Marxer M, Poon RY. Cyclin A2-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 cooperates with the PLK1-SCFbeta-TrCP1-EMI1-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome axis to promote genome reduplication in the absence of mitosis. Mol Cell Biol (2009) 29:6500-14. doi:10.1128/MCB.00669-09
321. Brinkley BR, Cox SM, Pepper DA, Wible L, Brenner SL, Pardue RL. Tubulin assembly sites and the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured mammalian cells. J Cell Biol (1981) 90:554-62. doi:10.1083/jcb.90.3.554
322. Pihan GA, Purohit A, Wallace J, Malhotra R, Liotta L, Doxsey SJ. Centrosome defects can account for cellular and genetic changes that characterize prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res (2001) 61:2212-9.
323. Ring D, Hubble R, Kirschner M. Mitosis in a cell with multiple centrioles. J Cell Biol (1982) 94:549-56. doi:10.1083/jcb.94.3.549
324. Salisbury JL, Whitehead CM, Lingle WL, Barrett SL. Centrosomes and cancer. Biol Cell (1999) 91:451-60. doi:10.1111/j.1768-322X.1999.tb01100.x
325. Sharp GA, Osborn M, Weber K. Ultrastructure of multiple microtubule initiation sites in mouse neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Sci (1981) 47:1-24.
326. Gisselsson D, Håkanson U, Stoller P, Marti D, Jin Y, Rosengren AH, et al. When the genome plays dice: circumvention of the spindle assembly checkpoint and near-random chromosome segregation in multipolar cancer cell mitoses. PLoS One (2008) 3:e1871. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001871
327. Vitale I, Galluzzi L, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Mitotic catastrophe: a mechanism for avoiding genomic instability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2011) 12:385-92. doi:10.1038/nrm3115
328. Varmark H, Sparks CA, Nordberg JJ, Koppetsch BS, Theurkauf WE. DNA damage-induced cell death is enhanced by progression through mitosis. Cell Cycle (2009) 8:2951-63. doi:10.4161/cc.8.18.9539
329. Brinkley BR. Managing the centrosome numbers game: from chaos to stability in cancer cell division. Trends Cell Biol (2001) 11:18-21. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01872-9
330. Castedo M, Perfettini JL, Roumier T, Andreau K, Medema R, Kroemer G. Cell death by mitotic catastrophe: a molecular definition. Oncogene (2004) 23:2825-37. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207528
331. Vakifahmetoglu H, Olsson M, Tamm C, Heidari N, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. DNA damage induces two distinct modes of cell death in ovarian carcinomas. Cell Death Differ (2008) 15:555-66. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402286
332. Ganem NJ, Godinho SA, Pellman D. A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability. Nature (2009) 460:278-82. doi:10.1038/nature08136
333. Weaver BA, Cleveland DW. Aneuploidy: instigator and inhibitor of tumorigenesis. Cancer Res (2007) 67:10103-5. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2266
334. Weaver BA, Silk AD, Montagna C, Verdier-Pinard P, Cleveland DW. Aneuploidy acts both oncogenically and as a tumor suppressor. Cancer Cell (2007) 11:25-36. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.12.003
335. Baca SC, Prandi D, Lawrence MS, Mosquera JM, Romanel A, Drier Y, et al. Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes. Cell (2013) 153:666-77. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.021
336. Heng HH, Stevens JB, Bremer SW, Liu G, Abdallah BY, Ye CJ. Evolutionary mechanisms and diversity in cancer. Adv Cancer Res (2011) 112:217-53. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-387688-1.00008-9
337. Malhotra A, Lindberg M, Faust GG, Leibowitz ML, Clark RA, Layer RM, et al. Breakpoint profiling of 64 cancer genomes reveals numerous complex rearrangements spawned by homology-independent mechanisms. Genome Res (2013) 23:762-76. doi:10.1101/gr.143677.112
338. Navin N, Kendall J, Troge J, Andrews P, Rodgers L, McIndoo J, et al. Tumour evolution inferred by single-cell sequencing. Nature (2011) 472:90-4. doi:10.1038/nature09807
339. Shen MM. Chromoplexy: a new category of complex rearrangements in the cancer genome. Cancer Cell (2013) 23:567-9. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.025
340. Kwon M, Godinho SA, Chandhok NS, Ganem NJ, Azioune A, Thery M, et al. Mechanisms to suppress multipolar divisions in cancer cells with extra centrosomes. Genes Dev (2008) 22:2189-203. doi:10.1101/gad.1700908
341. Quintyne NJ, Reing JE, Hoffelder DR, Gollin SM, Saunders WS. Spindle multipolarity is prevented by centrosomal clustering. Science (2005) 307:127-9. doi:10.1126/science.1104905
342. Silkworth WT, Nardi IK, Scholl LM, Cimini D. Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells. PLoS One (2009) 4:e6564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006564
343. Krzywicka-Racka A, Sluder G. Repeated cleavage failure does not establish centrosome amplification in untransformed human cells. J Cell Biol (2011) 194:199-207. doi:10.1083/jcb.201101073
344. Uetake Y, Sluder G. Cell cycle progression after cleavage failure: mammalian somatic cells do not possess a "tetraploidy checkpoint". J Cell Biol (2004) 165:609-15. doi:10.1083/jcb.200403014
345. Musacchio A. Spindle assembly checkpoint: the third decade. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (2011) 366:3595-604. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0072
346. Sluder G, Thompson EA, Miller FJ, Hayes J, Rieder CL. The checkpoint control for anaphase onset does not monitor excess numbers of spindle poles or bipolar spindle symmetry. J Cell Sci (1997) 110(Pt 4):421-9.
347. Nicklas RB, Ward SC, Gorbsky GJ. Kinetochore chemistry is sensitive to tension and may link mitotic forces to a cell cycle checkpoint. J Cell Biol (1995) 130:929-39. doi:10.1083/jcb.130.4.929
348. Tan AL, Rida PC, Surana U. Essential tension and constructive destruction: the spindle checkpoint and its regulatory links with mitotic exit. Biochem J (2005) 386:1-13. doi:10.1042/BJ20041415
349. Basto R, Brunk K, Vinadogrova T, Peel N, Franz A, Khodjakov A, et al. Centrosome amplification can initiate tumorigenesis in flies. Cell (2008) 133:1032-42. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.05.039
350. Leber B, Maier B, Fuchs F, Chi J, Riffel P, Anderhub S, et al. Proteins required for centrosome clustering in cancer cells. Sci Transl Med (2010) 2:33ra38. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000915
351. Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature (1997) 386:623-7. doi:10.1038/386623a0
352. Heim S, Mitelman F. Cancer Cytogenetics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss (1995).
353. McGranahan N, Burrell RA, Endesfelder D, Novelli MR, Swanton C. Cancer chromosomal instability: therapeutic and diagnostic challenges. EMBO Rep (2012) 13:528-38. doi:10.1038/embor.2012.61
354. Bakhoum SF, Genovese G, Compton DA. Deviant kinetochore microtubule dynamics underlie chromosomal instability. Curr Biol (2009) 19:1937-42. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.055
355. Cimini D, Howell B, Maddox P, Khodjakov A, Degrassi F, Salmon ED. Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy in mitotic mammalian tissue cells. J Cell Biol (2001) 153:517-27. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.3.517
356. Cahill DP, Lengauer C, Yu J, Riggins GJ, Willson JK, Markowitz SD, et al. Mutations of mitotic checkpoint genes in human cancers. Nature (1998) 392:300-3. doi:10.1038/32688
357. Musacchio A, Salmon ED. The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2007) 8:379-93. doi:10.1038/nrm2163
358. Yao Y, Dai W. Shugoshins function as a guardian for chromosomal stability in nuclear division. Cell Cycle (2012) 11:2631-42. doi:10.4161/cc.20633
359. Li J, Wang J, Jiao H, Liao J, Xu X. Cytokinesis and cancer: polo loves ROCK'n' Rho(A). J Genet Genomics (2010) 37:159-72. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60034-5
360. Sagona AP, Stenmark H. Cytokinesis and cancer. FEBS Lett (2010) 584:2652-61. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.044
361. Rieder CL. Mitosis in vertebrates: the G2/M and M/A transitions and their associated checkpoints. Chromosome Res (2011) 19:291-306. doi:10.1007/s10577-010-9178-z
362. Forment JV, Kaidi A, Jackson SP. Chromothripsis and cancer: causes and consequences of chromosome shattering. Nat Rev Cancer (2012) 12:663-70. doi:10.1038/nrc3352
363. Korbel JO, Campbell PJ. Criteria for inference of chromothripsis in cancer genomes. Cell (2013) 152:1226-36. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.023
364. Gordon DJ, Resio B, Pellman D. Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet (2012) 13:189-203. doi:10.1038/nrg3123
365. Holland AJ, Cleveland DW. Losing balance: the origin and impact of aneuploidy in cancer. EMBO Rep (2012) 13:501-14. doi:10.1038/embor.2012.55
366. Gisselsson D. Chromosome instability in cancer: how, when, and why? Adv Cancer Res (2003) 87:1-29. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(03)87293-7
367. Holland AJ, Cleveland DW. Chromoanagenesis and cancer: mechanisms and consequences of localized, complex chromosomal rearrangements. Nat Med (2012) 18:1630-8. doi:10.1038/nm.2988
368. Stephens PJ, Greenman CD, Fu B, Yang F, Bignell GR, Mudie LJ, et al. Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development. Cell (2011) 144:27-40. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.055
369. Kloosterman WP, Hoogstraat M, Paling O, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Renkens I, Vermaat JS, et al. Chromothripsis is a common mechanism driving genomic rearrangements in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Genome Biol (2011) 12:R103. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-10-r103
370. Tubio JM, Estivill X. Cancer: when catastrophe strikes a cell. Nature (2011) 470:476-7. doi:10.1038/470476a
371. Rausch T, Jones DT, Zapatka M, Stütz AM, Zichner T, Weischenfeldt J, et al. Genome sequencing of pediatric medulloblastoma links catastrophic DNA rearrangements with TP53 mutations. Cell (2012) 148:59-71. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.013