Herbal products: Benefits, limits, and applications in chronic liver disease

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 2012, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Del Prete, Anna ^a   Scalera, Antonella ^a   Iadevaia, Maddalena Diana ^a   Miranda, Agnese ^a   Zulli, Claudio ^a   Gaeta, Laura ^a   Tuccillo, Concetta ^a   Federico, Alessandro ^a   Loguercio, Carmelina ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

18BETA GLYCYRRHETIC ACID; 7 O ARYL METHYLQUERCETIN; APEGENIN 7 O BETA D GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; APIGENIN 7 O(6'' O GALLOYL)BETA D GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; ATRACTYLIS GUMMIFERA PLANT EXTRACT; BETAINE; CALLILEPSIS LAUREOLA PLANT EXTRACT; CHAPARRA PLANT EXTRACT; CURCUMIN; GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA EXTRACT; GLYCYRRIZIN; GREATER CELANDINE PLANT EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; KAVA EXTRACT; LUTEOLIN 7 O BETA D GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; LUTEOLIN 7 O(6'' O COUMAROYL)BETA D GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; PHYLLANTUS PLANT EXTRACT; PLANT EXTRACT; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID; QUERCETIN; QUERCETIN DERIVATIVE; SASSAFRAS PLANT EXTRACT; SILYMARIN; TEUCRIUM CHAMAEDRYS PLANT EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALERIAN PLANT EXTRACT;

ACUTE HEPATITIS; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASCITES; AYURVEDA; CATALYSIS; CHOLANGITIS; CHOLESTASIS; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; FATIGUE; FATTY LIVER; FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA; HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; IRRITABILITY; LIVER CANCER; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FIBROSIS; MEDICINAL PLANT; MEDLINE; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYLLANTUS AMARUS; PHYLLANTUS DEBILIS; PHYLLANTUS FRATERNUS; PHYLLANTUS KOZHIKODIANUS; PHYLLANTUS MADERASPATENSIS; PHYLLANTUS URINARIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SODIUM RETENTION; VEIN OCCLUSION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 84877301867     PISSN: 1741427X     EISSN: 17414288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/837939     Document Type: Review

References (180)

1. White C. P., Hirsch G., Patel S., Adams F., Peltekian K. M., Complementary and alternative medicine use by patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2007 21 9 589 595 2-s2.0-35548981685 (Pubitemid 350011443)
2. Thyagarajan S. P., Jayaram S., Gopalakrishnan V., Hari R., Jeyakumar P., Sripathi M. S., Herbal medicines for liver diseases in India. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002 17 3 S370 S376 2-s2.0-0036458498 10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s3.30.x (Pubitemid 35454313)
3. Eisenberg D. M., Davis R. B., Ettner S. L., Appel S., Wilkey S., Van Rompay M., Kessler R. C., Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998 280 18 1569 1575 2-s2.0-0032508952 (Pubitemid 28520643)
4. Rai M. K., Herbal medicines in India: retrospect and prospect. Fitoterapia 1994 65 6 483 491 2-s2.0-0028606350
5. Astin J. A., Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998 279 19 1548 1553 2-s2.0-0032550626 10.1001/jama.279.19.1548 (Pubitemid 28233010)
6. MacIntosh A. M., The Differences Between Natural, Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine 1999 Townsend Letter
7. Deng G. E., Cassileth B. R., Cohen L., Gubili J., Johnstone P. A. S., Kumar N., Vickers A., Abrams D., Rosenthal D., Sagar S., Tripathy D., Ponesse L. A., Integrative oncology practice guidelines. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology 2007 5 2 65 84 2-s2.0-34447578631 10.2310/7200.2007.002 (Pubitemid 47075456)
8. Stickel F., Patsenker E., Schuppan D., Herbal hepatotoxicity. Journal of Hepatology 2005 43 5 901 910 2-s2.0-26244451583 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.08.002 (Pubitemid 41414517)
9. Abebe W., Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2002 27 6 391 401 2-s2.0-0036458013 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00444.x (Pubitemid 35469171)
10. Miller L. G., Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998 158 20 2200 2211 2-s2.0-0032501120 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2200 (Pubitemid 28512494)
11. Levy C., Seeff L. D., Lindor K. D., Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2 11 947 956 2-s2.0-9144237622 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00455-0 (Pubitemid 39539743)
12. Seeff L. B., Lindsay K. L., Bacon B. R., Kresina T. F., Hoofnagle J. H., Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2001 34 3 595 603 2-s2.0-0034865733 10.1053/jhep.2001.27445 (Pubitemid 32786653)
13. Seeff L. B., Curto T. M., Szabo G., Everson G. T., Bonkovsky H. L., Dienstag J. L., Shiftman M. L., Lindsay K. L., Lok A. S. F., Di Bisceglie A. M., Lee W. M., Ghany M. G., Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Hepatology 2008 47 2 605 612 2-s2.0-39549094030 10.1002/hep.22044 (Pubitemid 351280729)
14. Coon J. T., Ernst E., Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review. Journal of Hepatology 2004 40 3 491 500 2-s2.0-1242314799 10.1016/j.jhep.2003.11.014 (Pubitemid 38230852)
15. Bruguera M., Barrera J. M., Ampurdanés S., Forns X., Sánchez Tapias J. M., Use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Medicina Clinica 2004 122 9 334 335 2-s2.0-2442694367 10.1157/13059044 (Pubitemid 38667628)
16. Yang Z. C., Yang S. H., Yang S. S., Chen D. S., A hospital-based study on the use of alternative medicine in patients with chronic liver and gastrointestinal diseases. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2002 30 4 637 643 2-s2.0-0038352246 10.1142/S0192415X02000569 (Pubitemid 41758891)
17. Boots A. W., Wilms L. C., Swennen E. L. R., Kleinjans J. C. S., Bast A., Haenen G. R. M. M., In vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin in healthy volunteers. Nutrition 2008 24 7-8 703 710 2-s2.0-44649099599 10.1016/j.nut.2008.03.023 (Pubitemid 351783378)
18. Terao J., Murota K., Kawai Y., Conjugated quercetin glucuronides as bioactive metabolites and precursors of aglycone in vivo. Food and Function 2011 2 1 11 17 2-s2.0-79952012081 10.1039/c0fo00106f
19. Boots A. W., Haenen G. R. M. M., Bast A., Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008 585 2-3 325 337 2-s2.0-43049176634 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.008
20. Nickel T., Hanssen H., Sisic Z., Pfeiler S., Summo C., Schmauss D., Hoster E., Weis M., Immunoregulatory effects of the flavonol quercetin in vitro and in vivo. European Journal of Nutrition 2011 50 3 163 172 2-s2.0-79959212948 10.1007/s00394-010-0125-8
21. Tang Y., Gao C., Xing M., Li Y., Zhu L., Wang D., Yang X., Liu L., Yao P., Quercetin prevents ethanol-induced yslipidemia and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2012 50 5 1194 1200
22. Schulz H.-U., Schürer M., Bässler D., Weiser D., Investigation of pharmacokinetic data of hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin and the flavonoids quercetin and isorhamnetin revealed from single and multiple oral dose studies with a hypericum extract containing tablet in healthy male volunteers. Arzneimittel-Forschung 2005 55 10 561 568 2-s2.0-27544504385 (Pubitemid 41546100)
23. Oliva J., Bardag-Gorce F., Tillman B., French S. W., Protective effect of quercetin, EGCG, catechin and betaine against oxidative stress induced by ethanol in vitro. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2011 90 3 295 299 2-s2.0-79953264495 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.02.006
24. Liu S., Hou W., Yao P., Zhang B., Sun S., Nüssler A. K., Liu L., Quercetin protects against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes. Toxicology in Vitro 2010 24 2 516 522 2-s2.0-76549135006 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.03.006
25. Raygude K. S., Kandhare A. D., Ghosh P., Ghule A. E., Bodhankar S. L., Evaluation of ameliorative effect of quercetin in experimental model of alcoholic neuropathy in rats. Inflammopharmacology. In press
26. Ambadath V., Venu R. G., Madambath I., Comparative study of the efficacy of ascorbic acid, quercetin, and thiamine for reversing ethanol-induced toxicity. Journal of medicinal food 2010 13 6 1485 1489 2-s2.0-79953004375
27. Kobori M., Masumoto S., Akimoto Y., Oike H., Chronic dietary intake of quercetin alleviates hepatic fat accumulation associated with consumption of a Western-style diet in C57/BL6J mice. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 2011 55 4 530 540 2-s2.0-79953317030 10.1002/mnfr.201000392
28. Jung J. Y., Lim Y., Moon M. S., Kim J. Y., Kwon O., Onion peel extracts ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in high fat diet/streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Nutrition and Metabolism 2011 8, article no. 18 2-s2.0-79953114290 10.1186/1743-7075-8-18
29. Gnoni G. V., Paglialonga G., Siculella L., Quercetin inhibits fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in rat-liver cells. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2009 39 9 761 768 2-s2.0-68349147819 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009. 02167.x
30. Cuevas M. J., Tieppo J., Marroni N. P., Tuñón M. J., González-Gallego J., Suppression of amphiregulin/epidermal growth factor receptor signals contributes to the protective effects of quercetin in cirrhotic rats. Journal of Nutrition 2011 141 7 1299 1305 2-s2.0-79960290467 10.3945/jn.111.140954
31. Park H. R., Yoon H., Kim M. K., Lee S. D., Chong Y., Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 7-O-arylmethylquercetin derivatives against SARS-associated coronavirus (SCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Archives of Pharmacal Research 2012 35 1 77 85
32. Bachmetov L., Gal-Tanamy M., Shapira A., Vorobeychik M., Giterman-Galam T., Sathiyamoorthy P., Golan Goldhirsh A., Benhar I., Tur-Kaspa R., Zemel R., Suppression of hepatitis C virus by the flavonoid quercetin is mediated by inhibition of NS3 protease activity. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 2012 19 2 e81 e88 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01507.x
33. Tian Y., Sun L. M., Liu X. Q., Li B., Wang Q., Dong J. X., Anti-HBV active flavone glucosides from Euphorbia humifusa Willd. Fitoterapia 2010 81 7 799 802 2-s2.0-77956689693 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.012
34. Li J., Huang H., Zhou W., Feng M., Zhou P., Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of Geranium carolinianum L. extracts and identification of the active components. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2008 31 4 743 747 2-s2.0-41849108090 10.1248/bpb.31.743 (Pubitemid 351500496)
35. Maiti K., Mukherjee K., Gantait A., Saha B. P., Mukherjee P. K., Curcumin-phospholipid complex: preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007 330 1-2 155 163 2-s2.0-33846234714 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025 (Pubitemid 46097368)
36. Anand P., Kunnumakkara A. B., Newman R. A., Aggarwal B. B., Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Molecular Pharmaceutics 2007 4 6 807 818 2-s2.0-37549051274 10.1021/mp700113r
37. Rajagopalan R., Sridharana S., Menon V. P., Hepatoprotective role of bis-demethoxy curcumin analog on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase induced by alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid in rats. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 2010 20 5 252 259 2-s2.0-77952804276 10.3109/15376516.2010.482961
38. Bao W., Li K., Rong S., Yao P., Hao L., Ying C., Zhang X., Nussler A., Liu L., Curcumin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatocytes oxidative damage involving heme oxygenase-1 induction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2010 128 2 549 553 2-s2.0-77649189669 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.029
39. Thong-Ngam D., Samuhasaneeto S., Kulaputana O., Suyasunanont D., Klaikeaw N., Curcumin decreased oxidative stress, inhibited nf-k b activation, and improved liver pathology in ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 2009 8 2-s2.0-68949132656 10.1155/2009/981963 981963
40. Zeng C. H., Zeng P., Deng Y. H., Shen N., Peng M. L., Liu Q., Ren H., The effects of curcumin derivative on experimental steatohepatitis. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2011 19 6 454 459
41. Pungcharoenkul K., Thongnopnua P., Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytotherapy Research 2011 25 11 1721 1726 2-s2.0-79960682580 10.1002/ptr.3608
42. Shin S. K., Ha T. Y., McGregor R. A., Choi M. S., Mol Long-term curcumin administration protects against atherosclerosis via hepatic regulation of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2011 55 12 1829 1840 10.1002/mnfr.201100440
43. Graham A., Curcumin adds spice to the debate: lipid metabolism in liver disease. British Journal of Pharmacology 2009 157 8 1352 1353 2-s2.0-70350341461 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00335.x
44. Vizzutti F., Provenzano A., Galastri S., Milani S., Delogu W., Novo E., Caligiuri A., Zamara E., Arena U., Laffi G., Parola M., Pinzani M., Marra F., Curcumin limits the fibrogenic evolution of experimental steatohepatitis. Laboratory Investigation 2010 90 1 104 115 2-s2.0-73349133313 10.1038/labinvest.2009.112
45. Li J.-M., Li Y.-C., Kong L.-D., Hu Q.-H., Curcumin inhibits hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats. Hepatology 2010 51 5 1555 1566 2-s2.0-77951427605 10.1002/hep.23524
46. Li J.-M., Li Y.-C., Kong L.-D., Hu Q.-H., Erratum: Curcumin inhibits hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats. Hepatology 2010 51 5 1555 1566
47. Seal A., Aykkal R., Babu R. O., Ghosh M., Docking study of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with phytochemicals. Bioinformation 2011 5 10 430 439
48. Zandi K., Ramedani E., Mohammadi K., Tajbakhsh S., Deilami I., Rastian Z., Fouladvand M., Yousefi F., Farshadpour F., Evaluation of antiviral activities of curcumin derivatives against HSV-1 in Vero cell line. Natural Product Communications 2010 5 12 1935 1938 2-s2.0-78751494577
49. Kim K., Kim K. H., Kim H. Y., Cho H. K., Sakamoto N., Cheong J., Curcumin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via suppressing the Akt-SREBP-1 pathway. FEBS Letters 2010 584 4 707 712 2-s2.0-77649270720 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12. 019
50. Rechtman M. M., Har-Noy O., Bar-Yishay I., Fishman S., Adamovich Y., Shaul Y., Halpern Z., Shlomai A., Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1 alpha [FEBS Lett. 584, (2010), 2485-2490]. FEBS Letters 2010 584 11 2485 2490
51. Rechtman M. M., Har-Noy O., Bar-Yishay I., Fishman S., Adamovich Y., Shaul Y., Halpern Z., Shlomai A., Erratum to Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1 alpha [FEBS Lett. 584, (2010), 2485-2490]. FEBS Letters 2010 584 14 3239 2-s2.0-77954176119 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.05.041
52. Javed S., Kohli K., Ali M., Reassessing bioavailability of silymarin. Alternative Medicine Review 2011 16 3 239 249
53. Matveev A. V., Koniaeva E. I., Kurchenko V. P., Shchekatikhina A. S., Hepatoprotective properties of silymarin. Ė ksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroėnterologiia 2011 2 130 135 2-s2.0-79960160987
54. Habib-ur-Rehman M., Mahmood T., Salim T., Afzal N., Ali N., Iqbal J., Tahir M., Khan A., Affect of silymarin on serum levels of ALT and GGT in ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad 2009 21 4 73 75 2-s2.0-79952109248
55. Ruan X., Shen C., Meng Q., Establishment of a methodology for investigating protectants against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010 48 5 1145 1151 2-s2.0-77951621434 10.1016/j.fct.2010. 02.001
56. Song Z., Deaciuc I., Song M., Lee D. Y. W., Liu Y., Ji X., McClain C., Silymarin protects against acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Alcoholism 2006 30 3 407 413 2-s2.0-33644764092 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00063.x (Pubitemid 43341346)
57. Shetty S. N., Mengi S., Vaidya R., Vaidya A. D. B., A study of standardized extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth in experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2010 1 3 203 210 2-s2.0-79952903496 10.4103/0975-9476.72622
58. Loguercio C., Federico A., Trappoliere M., Tuccillo C., Sio I. D., Leva A. D., Niosi M., D'Auria M. V., Capasso R., Blanco C. D. V., Cimino L., De Girolamo V., Marone A., De Stefano C., De Stefano G., Disalvo D., Provenzano B., Esposito P., Simonetti A., Iannece M. D., Pempinello R., Iorio R., Monastra S., Di Pierro M., The effect of a silybin-vitamin E-phospholipid complex on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2007 52 9 2387 2395 2-s2.0-34547839674 10.1007/s10620-006-9703-2 (Pubitemid 47246522)
59. Wagoner J., Negash A., Kane O. J., Martinez L. E., Nahmias Y., Bourne N., Owen D. M., Grove J., Brimacombe C., McKeating J. A., Pécheur E. I., Graf T. N., Oberlies N. H., Lohmann V., Cao F., Tavis J. E., Polyak S. J., Multiple effects of silymarin on the hepatitis C virus lifecycle. Hepatology 2010 51 6 1912 1921 2-s2.0-77950530324 10.1002/hep.23587
60. Ashfaq U. A., Javed T., Rehman S., Nawaz Z., Riazuddin S., Inhibition of HCV 3a core gene through Silymarin and its fractions. Virology Journal 2011 8, article no. 153 2-s2.0-79953238831 10.1186/1743-422X-8-153
61. Morishima C., Shuhart M. C., Wang C. C., Paschal D. M., Apodaca M. C., Liu Y., Sloan D. D., Graf T. N., Oberlies N. H., Lee D. Y. W., Jerome K. R., Polyak S. J., Silymarin inhibits in vitro t-cell proliferation and cytokine production in hepatitis c virus infection. Gastroenterology 2010 138 2 671 e2 2-s2.0-75149191891 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.021
62. Kalantari H., Shahshahan Z., Hejazi S. M., Ghafghazi T., Sebghatolahi V., Effects of silybum marianum on patients with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2011 16 3 287 290 2-s2.0-79955517833
63. Pár A., Roth E., Miseta A., Hegedüs G., Pár G., Hunyady B., Vincze Á., Effects of silymarin supplementation in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. A placebo-controlled double blind study. Orvosi Hetilap 2009 150 2 73 79 2-s2.0-60749103299 10.1556/OH.2009.28517
64. Wu Y. F., Fu S. L., Kao C. H., Yang C. W., Lin C. H., Hsu M. T., Tsai T. F., Chemopreventive effect of silymarin on liver pathology in HBV X protein transgenic mice. Cancer Research 2008 68 6 2033 2042 2-s2.0-40949143283 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2450 (Pubitemid 351416591)
65. Purohit V., Abdelmalek M. F., Barve S., Benevenga N. J., Halsted C. H., Kaplowitz N., Kharbanda K. K., Liu Q. Y., Lu S. C., McClain C. J., Swanson C., Zakhari S., Role of S-adenosylmethionine, folate, and betaine in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: summary of a symposium. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007 86 1 14 24 2-s2.0-34447259792 (Pubitemid 47041588)
66. Wang Z., Yao T., Song Z., Involvement and mechanism of DGAT2 upregulation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Lipid Research 2010 51 11 3158 3165 2-s2.0-78149347693 10.1194/jlr.M007948
67. Kharbanda K. K., Todero S. L., King A. L., Osna N. A., McVicker B. L., Tuma D. J., Wisecarver J. L., Bailey S. M., Betaine treatment attenuates chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and alterations to the mitochondrial respiratory chain proteome. International Journal of Hepatology 2012 2012 10 962183 10.1155/2012/962183
68. Dolganiuc A., Bakis G., Kodys K., Mandrekar P., Szabo G., Acute ethanol treatment modulates Toll-like receptor-4 association with lipid rafts. Alcoholism 2006 30 1 76 85 2-s2.0-33644784883 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00003.x (Pubitemid 43341399)
69. Mukherjee S., Betaine and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: back to the future? World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011 17 32 3663 3664
70. Kathirvel E., Morgan K., Nandgiri G., Sandoval B. C., Caudill M. A., Bottiglieri T., French S. W., Morgan T. R., Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: a potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine. American Journal of Physiology 2010 299 5 G1068 G1077 2-s2.0-78149479415 10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2010
71. Wang Z., Yao T., Pini M., Zhou Z., Fantuzzi G., Song Z., Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: a mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. American Journal of Physiology 2010 298 5 G634 G642 2-s2.0-77951468032 10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2009
72. Song Z., Deaciuc I., Zhou Z., Song M., Chen T., Hill D., McClain C. J., Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in beneficial effects of betaine on high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis. American Journal of Physiology 2007 293 4 G894 G902 2-s2.0-35349024283 10.1152/ajpgi.00133.2007 (Pubitemid 47610419)
73. Duong F. H. T., Christen V., Filipowicz M., Heim M. H., S-adenosylmethionine and betaine correct hepatitis C virus induced inhibition of interferon signaling in vitro. Hepatology 2006 43 4 796 806 2-s2.0-33645984234 10.1002/hep.21116
74. Graf D., Haselow K., Münks I., Bode J. G., Häussinger D., Inhibition of interferon- alpha -induced signaling by hyperosmolarity and hydrophobic bile acids. Biological Chemistry 2010 391 10 1175 1187 2-s2.0-78049359382 10.1515/BC.2010.108
75. Duong F. H. T., Christen V., Filipowicz M., Heim M. H., S-adenosylmethionine and betaine correct hepatitis C virus induced inhibition of interferon signaling in vitro. Hepatology 2006 43 4 796 806 2-s2.0-33645984234 10.1002/hep.21116
76. Roblin X., Pofelski J., Zarski J. P., Steatosis, chronic hepatitis virus C infection and homocysteine. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 2007 31 4 415 420 2-s2.0-34248172346 10.1016/S0399-8320(07)89402-4 (Pubitemid 46706829)
77. Li Y.-J., Chen J., Li Y., Li Q., Zheng Y.-F., Fu Y., Li P., Screening and characterization of natural antioxidants in four Glycyrrhiza species by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2011 1218 45 8181 8191 2-s2.0-80054679809 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.030
78. Gwak G. Y., Moon T. G., Lee D. H., Yoo B. C., Glycyrrhizin attenuates HMGB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the p38-dependent mitochondrial pathway. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012 18 7 679 684
79. Stickel F., Schuppan D., Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Digestive and Liver Disease 2007 39 4 293 304 2-s2.0-33947282103 10.1016/j.dld.2006.11.004 (Pubitemid 46432239)
80. Levy C., Seeff L. D., Lindor K. D., Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2 11 947 956 2-s2.0-9144237622 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00455-0 (Pubitemid 39539743)
81. Shibata S., A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice. Yakugaku Zasshi 2000 120 10 849 862 2-s2.0-0033785922
82. Makino T., Ohtake N., Watanabe A., Tsuchiya N., Imamura S., Lizuka S., Inoue M., Mizukami H., Down-regulation of a hepatic transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 is involved in alteration of pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin and its metabolites in a rat model of chronic liver injury. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2008 36 7 1438 1443 2-s2.0-46449125861 10.1124/dmd.108.021089 (Pubitemid 351929327)
83. Van Rossum T. G. J., Vulto A. G., De Man R. A., Brouwer J. T., Schalm S. W., Glycyrrhizin as a potential treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998 12 3 199 205 2-s2.0-0031895898 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00309.x (Pubitemid 28160013)
84. Mabuchi A., Wake K., Marlini M., Watanabe H., Wheatley A. M., Protection by glycyrrhizin against warm ischemia-reperfusioninduced cellular injury and derangement of the microcirculatory blood flow in the rat liver. Microcirculation 2009 16 4 364 376 2-s2.0-67650308879 10.1080/10739680902796917
85. Ogiku M., Kono H., Hara M., Tsuchiya M., Fujii H., Glycyrrhizin prevents liver injury by inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 production by Kupffer cells after ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2011 339 1 93 98
86. Schröfelbauer B., Raffetseder J., Hauner M., Wolkerstorfer A., Ernst W., Szolar O. H. J., Glycyrrhizin, the main active compound in liquorice, attenuates pro-inflammatory responses by interfering with membrane-dependent receptor signalling. Biochemical Journal 2009 421 3 473 482 2-s2.0-69249228693 10.1042/BJ20082416
87. Wang C. Y., Kao T. C., Lo W. H., Yen G. C., Glycyrrhizic acid and 18 β -glycyrrhetinic acid modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by suppression of NF- B through PI3K p110 δ and p110 γ inhibitions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011 59 14 7726 7733 2-s2.0-79960605124 10.1021/jf2013265
88. Thiyagarajan P., Chandrasekaran C. V., Deepak H. B., Agarwal A., Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents. Inflammopharmacology 2011 19 4 235 241 2-s2.0-79960236561 10.1007/s10787-011-0080-x
89. Li X. L., Zhou A. G., Evaluation of the immunity activity of glycyrrhizin in AR mice. Molecules 2012 17 1 716 727
90. Tang B., Qiao H., Meng F., Sun X., Glycyrrhizin attenuates endotoxin-induced acute liver injury after partial hepatectomy in rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2007 40 12 1637 1646 2-s2.0-38349188607
91. Hua H., Liang Z., Li W., Meng Y., Li X., Zhang Z., Lu C., Meng J., Shan F., Phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by purified Glycyrrhizin (GL). International Immunopharmacology 2012 12 3 518 525
92. Yoshikawa M., Matsui Y., Kawamoto H., Umemoto N., Oku K., Koizumi M., Yamao J., Kuriyama S., Nakano H., Hozumi N., Ishizaka S., Fukui H., Effects of glycyrrhizin on immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1997 12 3 243 248 2-s2.0-8244257362 (Pubitemid 27157999)
93. Zhang Y., Isobe K., Iwamoto T., Nakashima I., Bidirectional control by glycyrrhizin of the growth response of lymphocytes stimulated through a receptor-bypassed pathway. Immunology Letters 1992 32 2 147 152 2-s2.0-0026539482 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90107-Y
94. Kimura M., Watanabe H., Abo T., Selective activation of extrathymic T cells in the liver by glycyrrhizin. Biotherapy 1992 5 3 167 172 2-s2.0-0026782883 10.1007/BF02171049
95. Tsuruoka N., Abe K., Wake K., Takata M., Hatta A., Sato T., Inoue H., Hepatic protection by glycyrrhizin and inhibition of iNOS expression in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Inflammation Research 2009 58 9 593 599 2-s2.0-68449099405 10.1007/s00011-009-0024-8
96. Fiore C., Eisenhut M., Krausse R., Ragazzi E., Pellati D., Armanini D., Bielenberg J., Antiviral effects of Glycyrrhiza species. Phytotherapy Research 2008 22 2 141 148 2-s2.0-40549129738 10.1002/ptr.2295 (Pubitemid 351363230)
97. Shiki Y., Shirai K., Saito Y., Yoshida S., Mori Y., Wakashin M., Effect of glycyrrhizin on lysis of hepatocyte membranes induced by anti-liver cell membrane antibody. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1992 7 1 12 16 2-s2.0-0026595072
98. Harada S., The broad anti-viral agent glycyrrhizin directly modulates the fluidity of plasma membrane and HIV-1 envelope. Biochemical Journal 2005 392 1 191 199 2-s2.0-28044459176 10.1042/BJ20051069 (Pubitemid 41689415)
99. Dhiman R. K., Chawla Y. K., Herbal medicines for liver diseases. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2005 50 10 1807 1812 2-s2.0-26244435620 10.1007/s10620-005-2942-9 (Pubitemid 41413894)
100. Ashfaq U. A., Masoud M. S., Nawaz Z., Riazuddin S., Glycyrrhizin as antiviral agent against Hepatitis C Virus. Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 112 2-s2.0-79960561234 10.1186/1479-5876-9-112
101. Orlent H., Hansen B. E., Willems M., Brouwer J. T., Huber R., Kullak-Ublick G. A., Gerken G., Zeuzem S., Nevens F., Tielemans W. C. M., Zondervan P. E., Lagging M., Westin J., Schalm S. W., Biochemical and histological effects of 26 weeks of glycyrrhizin treatment in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized phase II trial. Journal of Hepatology 2006 45 4 539 546 2-s2.0-33748120825 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.05.015 (Pubitemid 44316866)
102. Takahara T., Watanabe A., Shiraki K., Effects of glycyrrhizin on hepatitis B surface antigen: a biochemical and morphological study. Journal of Hepatology 1994 21 4 601 609 2-s2.0-0028019606 10.1016/S0168-8278(94)80108-8 (Pubitemid 24324037)
103. Romero M. R., Efferth T., Serrano M. A., Castaño B., MacIas R. I. R., Briz O., Marin J. J. G., Effect of artemisinin/artesunate as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus production in an «in vitro» replicative system. Antiviral Research 2005 68 2 75 83 2-s2.0-27644565158 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005. 07.005 (Pubitemid 41565521)
104. Ikeda K., Arase Y., Kobayashi M., Saitoh S., Someya T., Hosaka T., Sezaki H., Akuta N., Suzuki Y., Suzuki F., Kumada H., A long-term glycyrrhizin injection therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate in patients with interferon-resistant active chronic hepatitis C: a cohort study of 1249 patients. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2006 51 3 603 609 2-s2.0-33645894965 10.1007/s10620-006-3177-0
105. Veldt B. J., Hansen B. E., Ikeda K., Verhey E., Suzuki H., Schalm S. W., Long-term clinical outcome and effect of glycyrrhizin in 1093 chronic hepatitis C patients with non-response or relapse to interferon. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2006 41 9 1087 1094 2-s2.0-34248996254 10.1080/ 00365520600641365
106. Qu Y., Chen W. H., Zong L., Xu M. Y., Lu L. G., 18 alpha -Glycyrrhizin induces apoptosis and suppresses activation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Medical Science Monitor 2012 18 1 BR24 BR32
107. Moro T., Shimoyama Y., Kushida M., Hong Y. Y., Nakao S., Higashiyama R., Sugioka Y., Inoue H., Okazaki I., Inagaki Y., Glycyrrhizin and its metabolite inhibit Smad3-mediated type I collagen gene transcription and suppress experimental murine liver fibrosis. Life Sciences 2008 83 15-16 531 539 2-s2.0-52149106655 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.023
108. Korenaga M., Hidaka I., Nishina S., Sakai A., Shinozaki A., Gondo T., Furutani T., Kawano H., Sakaida I., Hino K., A glycyrrhizin-containing preparation reduces hepatic steatosis induced by hepatitis C virus protein and iron in mice. Liver International 2011 31 4 552 560 2-s2.0-79952465186 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02469.x
109. Wu X., Zhang L., Gurley E., Studer E., Shang J., Wang T., Wang C., Yan M., Jiang Z., Hylemon P. B., Sanyal A. J., Pandak W. M., Zhou H., Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by 18 β -glycyrrhetinic acid through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways. Hepatology 2008 47 6 1905 1915 2-s2.0-46249130838 10.1002/hep.22239 (Pubitemid 351945558)
110. Kuttan G., Pratheeshkumar P., Manu K. A., Kuttan R., Inhibition of tumor progression by naturally occurring terpenoids. Pharmaceutical Biology 2011 49 10 995 1007
111. Koike K., Expression of junB is markedly stimulated by glycyrrhizin in a human hepatoma cell line. Oncology Reports 2011 25 3 609 617 2-s2.0-79551586203 10.3892/or.2011.1137
112. Zhao M. X., Ji L. N., Mao Z. W., β -Cyclodextrin/glycyrrhizic acid functionalised quantum dots selectively enter hepatic cells and induce apoptosis. Chemistry 2012 18 6 1650 1658
113. Patel J. R., Tripathi P., Sharma V., Chauhan N. S., Dixit V. K., Phyllanthus amarus: ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011 138 2 286 313
114. Levy C., Seeff L. D., Lindor K. D., Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2 11 947 956 2-s2.0-9144237622 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00455-0 (Pubitemid 39539743)
115. Srirama R., Senthilkumar U., Sreejayan N., Ravikanth G., Gurumurthy B. R., Shivanna M. B., Sanjappa M., Ganeshaiah K. N., Uma Shaanker R., Assessing species admixtures in raw drug trade of Phyllanthus, a hepato-protective plant using molecular tools. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2010 130 2 208 215 2-s2.0-77954959719 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.042
116. Unander D. W., Webster G. L., Blumberg B. S., Usage and bioassays in phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)-IV: clustering of antiviral uses and other effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1995 45 1 1 18 2-s2.0-0028980458 10.1016/0378-8741(94)01189-7
117. Krithika R., Verma R. J., Mitigation of carbon tetrachloride-induced damage by Phyllanthus amarus in liver of mice. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2009 66 4 439 444 2-s2.0-69849103597
118. Faremi T. Y., Suru S. M., Fafunso M. A., Obioha U. E., Hepatoprotective potentials of Phyllanthus amarus against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2008 46 8 2658 2664 2-s2.0-47149100287 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.022
119. Pramyothin P., Ngamtin C., Poungshompoo S., Chaichantipyuth C., Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn. extract in ethanol treated rats: in vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007 114 2 169 173 2-s2.0-35148826032 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.037 (Pubitemid 47539833)
120. Surya Narayanan B., Latha P., Rukkumani R., Protective effects of Phyllanthus amarus on fibrotic markers during alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced toxicity. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 2011 21 1 48 52 2-s2.0-78650450155 10.3109/15376516.2010.529189
121. Naaz F., Javed S., Abdin M. Z., Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007 113 3 503 509 2-s2.0-34548390945 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.017 (Pubitemid 47361573)
122. Yadav N. P., Pal A., Shanker K., Bawankule D. U., Gupta A. K., Darokar M. P., Khanuja S. P. S., Synergistic effect of silymarin and standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Rattus norvegicus. Phytomedicine 2008 15 12 1053 1061 2-s2.0-56249119140 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.08. 002
123. Chouhan H. S., Singh S. K., Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Phyllanthus simplex. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011 137 3 1337 1344
124. Sarg T., Ghani A. A., Zayed R., El-Sayed M., Antihepatotoxic activity of Phyllanthus atropurpureus cultivated in Egypt. Z Naturforsch C 2011 66 9-10 447 452
125. Jain N. K., Singhai A. K., Protective effects of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels leaf extracts on acetaminophen and thioacetamide induced hepatic injuries in Wistar rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 4 6 470 474 2-s2.0-79960244555 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60128-4
126. Jain N. K., Lodhi S., Jain A., Nahata A., Singhai A. K., Effects of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute oxidative damage in livers of rats and mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 2011 9 1 49 56 2-s2.0-79251480094 10.3736/jcim20110109
127. Gopi S., Setty O. H., Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against bromobenzene induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver mitochondria. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010 48 8-9 2170 2175 2-s2.0-77955057882 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.024
128. Shivananjappa M. M., Joshi M. K., Influence of aqueous extract of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) on growth and antioxidant defense system of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2011 5 9 1711 1721 2-s2.0-79957648445
129. Fang S. H., Rao Y. K., Tzeng Y. M., Anti-oxidant and inflammatory mediator's growth inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2008 116 2 333 340 2-s2.0-39149103059 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.040
130. Sharma S. K., Arogya S. M., Bhaskarmurthy D. H., Agarwal A., Velusami C. C., Hepatoprotective activity of the Phyllanthus species on tert -butyl hydroperoxide (t -BH)-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2011 7 27 229 233
131. Poompachee K., Chudapongse N., Comparison of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Phyllanthus virgatus and Phyllanthus amarus extracts. Medical Principles and Practice 2012 21 1 24 29
132. Shivashankara A. R., Azmidah A., Haniadka R., Rai M. P., Arora R., Baliga M. S., Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations. Food Funct 2012 3 2 101 109
133. Damodara Reddy V., Padmavathi P., Gopi S., Paramahamsa M., Varadacharyulu N. C., protective effect of emblica officinalis against alcohol-induced hepatic injury by ameliorating oxidative stress in rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2010 1 6 2-s2.0-77956444518 10.1007/s12291-010-0058-2
134. Reddy V. D., Padmavathi P., Paramahamsa M., Varadacharyulua N. C., Amelioration of alcohol-induced oxidative stress by Emblica officinalis (Amla) in rats. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2010 47 1 20 25 2-s2.0-77954292272
135. Damodara Reddy V., Padmavathi P., Varadacharyulu N. C., Emblica officinalis protects against alcohol-induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. Journal of Medicinal Food 2009 12 2 327 333 2-s2.0-67649556146 10.1089/jmf.2007.0694
136. Chirdchupunseree H., Pramyothin P., Protective activity of phyllanthin in ethanol-treated primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2010 128 1 172 176 2-s2.0-76749140815 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01. 003
137. Thamlikitkul V., Wasuwat S., Kanchanapee P., Efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus for eradication of hepatitis b virus in chronic carriers. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 1991 74 9 381 385 2-s2.0-0026316801
138. Cui X., Wang Y., Kokudo N., Fang D., Tang W., Traditional Chinese medicine and related active compounds against hepatitis B virus infection. Bioscience trends 2010 4 2 39 47 2-s2.0-77956893733
139. Lee C. D., Ott M., Thyagarajan S. P., Shafritz D. A., Burk R. D., Gupta S., Phyllanthus amarus down-regulates hepatitis B virus mRNA transcription and replication. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1996 26 12 1069 1076 2-s2.0-0030456226 (Pubitemid 27023523)
140. Xiang Y. F., Ju H. Q., Li S., Zhang Y. J., Yang C. R., Wang Y. F., Effects of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl- β -D-glucose from P. emblica on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in HepG2.2.15 cell culture. Virologica Sinica 2010 25 5 375 380 2-s2.0-78249266942 10.1007/s12250-010-3144-y
141. Xia Y., Luo H., Liu J. P., Gluud C., Phyllanthus species for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 2011 4 CD008960 2-s2.0-79955650806
142. Ravikumar Y. S., Ray U., Nandhitha M., Perween A., Raja Naika H., Khanna N., Das S., Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by herbal extract: phyllanthus amarus as potent natural source. Virus Research 2011 158 1-2 89 97 2-s2.0-79956326437 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.03.014
143. Huang S. T., Pang J. H. S., Yang R. C., Anti-cancer effects of Phyllanthus urinaria and relevant mechanisms. Chang Gung Medical Journal 2010 33 5 477 487 2-s2.0-78249282258
144. Baliga M. S., Dsouza J. J., Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), a wonder berry in the treatment and prevention of cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2011 20 3 225 239 2-s2.0-79955063822 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32834473f4
145. Ngamkitidechakul C., Jaijoy K., Hansakul P., Soonthornchareonnon N., Sireeratawong S., Antitumour effects of Phyllanthus emblica L.: induction of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of in vivo tumour promotion and in vitro invasion of human cancer cells. Phytotherapy Research 2010 24 9 1405 1413 2-s2.0-77957269314 10.1002/ptr.3127
146. Chudapongse N., Kamkhunthod M., Poompachee K., Effects of Phyllanthus urinaria extract on HepG2 cell viability and oxidative phosphorylation by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2010 130 2 315 319 2-s2.0-77954952356 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.010
147. Zhong Z. G., Wu D. P., Huang J. L., Liang H., Pan Z. H., Zhang W. Y., Lu H. M., Progallin A isolated from the acetic ether part of the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica L. induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 cells by up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011 133 2 765 772 2-s2.0-78651389656 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.001
148. Sultana S., Ahmed S., Jahangir T., Emblica officinalis and hepatocarcinogenesis: a chemopreventive study in Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2008 118 1 1 6 2-s2.0-44149108886 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.021
149. Dhiman R. K., Chawla Y. K., Herbal medicines for liver diseases. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2005 50 10 1807 1812 2-s2.0-26244435620 10.1007/s10620-005-2942-9 (Pubitemid 41413894)
150. Vidyashankar S., Patki P. S., Liv.52 attenuate copper induced toxicity by inhibiting glutathione depletion and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in HepG2 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010 48 7 1863 1868 2-s2.0-77953538383 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.024
151. Vidyashankar S., K Mitra S., Nandakumar K. S., Liv.52 protects HepG2 cells from oxidative damage induced by tert -butyl hydroperoxide. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2010 333 1-2 41 48 2-s2.0-73449087616 10.1007/s11010-009- 0202-6
152. Mitra S. K., Varma S. R., Godavarthi A., Nandakumar K. S., Liv.52 regulates ethanol induced PPAR γ and TNF alpha expression in HepG2 cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2008 315 1-2 9 15 2-s2.0-46749113398 10.1007/s11010-008-9782-9
153. Girish C., Koner B. C., Jayanthi S., Rao K. R., Rajesh B., Pradhan S. C., Hepatoprotective activity of six polyherbal formulations in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2009 129 5 569 578 2-s2.0-70349085432
154. Eesha B. R., Mohanbabu A. V., Meena K. K., babu S., Vijay M., Lalit M., Rajput R., Hepatoprotective activity of Terminalia paniculata against paracetamol induced hepatocellular damage in Wistar albino rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 4 6 466 469 2-s2.0-79960243653 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60127-2
155. Stickel F., Schuppan D., Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Digestive and Liver Disease 2007 39 4 293 304 2-s2.0-33947282103 10.1016/j.dld.2006.11.004 (Pubitemid 46432239)
156. Fallah Huseini H., Alavian S. M., Heshmat R., Heydari M. R., Abolmaali K., The efficacy of Liv-52 on liver cirrhotic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled first approach. Phytomedicine 2005 12 9 619 624 2-s2.0-23844486788 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.10.003 (Pubitemid 41169807)
157. Okuno M., Kojima S., Moriwaki H., Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: concept, progress and perspectives. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2001 16 12 1329 1335 2-s2.0-0035702637 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001. 02634.x (Pubitemid 34107398)
158. Ma S., Jiao B., Liu X., Yi H., Kong D., Gao L., Zhao G., Yang Y., Liu X., Approach to radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2010 36 2 157 163 2-s2.0-77950614243 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.11.008
159. Oka H., Yamamoto S., Kuroki T., Prospective study of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with Sho-saiko-to (TJ9). Cancer 1995 76 743 749
160. Sagar S. M., Wong R. K., Chinese medicine and biomodulation in cancer patients-part one. Current Oncology 2008 15 1 42 48 2-s2.0-51649120358 10.3747/co.2008.197
161. Hsiao W. L. W., Liu L., The role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in cancer therapy from TCM theory to mechanistic insights. Planta Medica 2010 76 11 1118 1131 2-s2.0-77955058763 10.1055/s-0030-1250186
162. Chiu J., Yau T., Epstein R. J., Complications of traditional Chinese/herbal medicines (TCM)-a guide for perplexed oncologists and other cancer caregivers. Supportive Care in Cancer 2009 17 3 231 240 2-s2.0-59449105535 10.1007/s00520-008-0526-x
163. Efferth T., Li P. C. H., Konkimalla V. S. B., Kaina B., From traditional Chinese medicine to rational cancer therapy. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2007 13 8 353 361 2-s2.0-34547179813 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.07.001 (Pubitemid 47126989)
164. Wargovich M. J., Nutrition and cancer: the herbal revolution. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 1999 2 5 421 424 2-s2.0-0033183642 10.1097/00075197-199909000-00011 (Pubitemid 129631904)
165. Lin Y. C., Chen H. W., Kuo Y. C., Chang Y. F., Lee Y. J., Hwang J. J., Therapeutic efficacy evaluation of curcumin on human oral squamous cell carcinoma xenograft using multimodalities of molecular imaging. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2010 38 2 343 358 2-s2.0-77951691444 10.1142/ S0192415X10007890
166. Johnson J. J., Mukhtar H., Curcumin for chemoprevention of colon cancer. Cancer Letters 2007 255 2 170 181 2-s2.0-34547948369 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03. 005 (Pubitemid 47268637)
167. Su C. C., Yang J. S., Lu C. C., Chiang J. H., Wu C. L., Lin J. J., Lai K. C., Hsia T. C., Lu H. F., Fan M. J., Chung J. G., Curcumin inhibits human lung large cell carcinoma cancer tumour growth in a murine xenograft model. Phytotherapy Research 2010 24 2 189 192 2-s2.0-75849134942 10.1002/ptr.2905
168. Van Rossum T. G. J., Vulto A. G., Hop W. C. J., Brouwer J. T., Niesters H. G. M., Schalm S. W., Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1999 14 11 1093 1099 2-s2.0-0032753750 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02008.x
169. Chang Y. F., Chi N. W., Wang J. J., Reactive oxygen species production is involved in quercetin-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Nutrition and Cancer 2006 55 2 201 209 2-s2.0-33750892350 10.1207/s15327914nc5502-12 (Pubitemid 44719635)
170. Shi M., Wang F. S., Wu Z. Z., Synergetic anticancer effect of combined quercetin and recombinant adenoviral vector expressing human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003 9 1 73 78 2-s2.0-0037439174 (Pubitemid 36131282)
171. Sharma A., Bhat M. K., Enhancement of carboplatin- and quercetin-induced cell death by roscovitine is Akt dependent and p53 independent in hepatoma cells. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2011 10 4 NP4 N14
172. Chang Y. F., Chi N. W., Wang J. J., Reactive oxygen species production is involved in quercetin-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Nutrition and Cancer 2006 55 2 201 209 2-s2.0-33750892350 10.1207/s15327914nc5502-12 (Pubitemid 44719635)
173. Chang Y. F., Hsu Y. C., Hung H. F., Lee H. J., Lui W. Y., Chi C. W., Wang J. J., Quercetin induces oxidative stress and potentiates the apoptotic action of 2-methoxyestradiol in human hepatoma cells. Nutrition and Cancer 2009 61 5 735 745 2-s2.0-70449625689 10.1080/01635580902825571
174. Ihantola-Vormisto A., Summanen J., Kankaanranta H., Vuorela H., Asmawi Z. M., Moilanen E., Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from leaves of Phyllanthus emblica. Planta Medica 1997 63 6 518 524 2-s2.0-0031454191 10.1055/s-2006-957754 (Pubitemid 28035446)
175. Zhang Y. J., Nagao T., Tanaka T., Yang C. R., Okabe H., Kouno I., Antiproliferative activity of the main constituents from Phyllanthus emblica. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2004 27 2 251 255 2-s2.0-3543151359 10.1248/bpb.27.251 (Pubitemid 41694712)
176. Pinmai K., Chunlaratthanabhorn S., Ngamkitidechakul C., Soonthornchareon N., Hahnvajanawong C., Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents: doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008 14 10 1491 1497 2-s2.0-41549142713 10.3748/wjg.14.1491 (Pubitemid 351460160)
177. Coon J. T., Ernst E., Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review. Journal of Hepatology 2004 40 3 491 500 2-s2.0-1242314799 10.1016/j.jhep.2003.11.014 (Pubitemid 38230852)
178. Estes J. D., Stolpman D., Olyaei A., Corless C. L., Ham J. M., Schwartz J. M., Orloff S. L., Stock P. G., Danto L. A., Johansen K. H., Shackleton C. R., Collins J. C., Marks W. H., Hart M., High prevalence of potentially hepatotoxic herbal supplement use in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Archives of Surgery 2003 138 8 852 858 2-s2.0-0041530157 10.1001/archsurg.138.8.852 (Pubitemid 36960946)
179. Shaw D., Leon C., Kolev S., Murray V., Traditional remedies and food supplements. A 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Safety 1997 17 5 342 356 2-s2.0-0030700627 (Pubitemid 27496853)
180. Schuppan D., Jia J. I. D., Brinkhaus B., Hahn E. G., Herbal products for liver diseases: a therapeutic challenge for the new millennium. Hepatology 1999 30 4 1099 1104 2-s2.0-0032875149 10.1002/hep.510300437 (Pubitemid 29458302)