ALS genetic modifiers that increase survival of SOD1 mice and are suitable for therapeutic development

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 95, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 133-148

  Riboldi, Giulietta ^a,b   Nizzardo, Monica ^a,b   Simone, Chiara ^a,b   Falcone, Marianna ^a,b   Bresolin, Nereo ^a,b   Comi, Giacomo P ^a,b   Corti, Stefania ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b NONE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Genetic modifiers; Transgenic mouse

Indexed keywords

AXONEMAL DYNEIN; COPPER ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; DYNEIN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; GELATINASE B; NEUROFILAMENT HEAVY SUBUNIT; NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT SUBUNIT; NEUROFILAMENT M PROTEIN; NEUROFILAMENT PROTEIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROTEIN DISULFIDE ISOMERASE; PROTEIN NOGO; PROTEIN NOGO A; PROTEIN NOGO B; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RECOMBINANT SOMATOMEDIN C; RECOMBINANT VASCULOTROPIN; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE 1; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE 2; SNN 0029; SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; X BOX BINDING PROTEIN 1;

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; APOPTOSIS; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CYTOSKELETON; CYTOTOXICITY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DNA MODIFICATION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; ENZYME INHIBITION; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; KARTAGENER SYNDROME; MOTONEURON; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; NERVE CELL LESION; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROFILAMENT; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SURVIVAL; UPREGULATION; WILD TYPE;

EID: 80052030570     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: 18735118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (289)

1. Abramov A.Y., Jacobson J., Wientjes F., Hothersall J., Canevari L., Duchen M.R. Expression and modulation of an NADPH oxidase in mammalian astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:9176-9184.
2. Ackerley S., Grierson A.J., Brownlees J., Thornhill P., Anderton B.H., Leigh P.N., Shaw C.E., Miller C.C.J. Glutamate slows axonal transport of neurofilaments in transfected neurons. J. Cell Biol. 2000, 150:165-175.
3. Ackerley S., Grierson A.J., Banner S., Perkinton M.S., Brownlees J., Byers H.L., Ward M., Thornhill P., Hussain K., Waby J.S., Anderton B.H., Cooper J.D., Dingwall C., Leigh P.N., Shaw C.E., Miller C.C. p38alpha stress activated protein kinase phosphorylates neurofilaments and is associated with neurofilament pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2004, 26(2):354-364.
4. Al-Chalabi A., Andersen P.M., Nilsson P., Chioza B., Andersson J.L., Russ C., Shaw C.E., Powell J.F., Leigh P.N. Deletions of the heavy neurofilament subunit tail in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1999, 8(2):157-164.
5. Allan V.J., Thompson H.M., McNiven M.A. Motoring around the Golgi. Nat. Cell Biol. 2002, 4:E236-E242.
6. Al-Majed A.A., Sayed-Ahmed M.M., Al-Omar F.A., Al-Yahya A.A., Aleisa A.M., Al-Shabanah O.A. Carnitine esters prevent oxidative stress damage and energy depletion following transient forebrain ischaemia in the rat hippocampus. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2006, 33(8):725-733.
7. Atalay B., Bavbek M., Cekinmez M., Ozen O., Nacar A., Karabay G., Gulsen S. Antibodies neutralizing Nogo-A increase pan-cadherin expression and motor recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Spinal Cord 2007, 45(12):780-786.
8. Atkin J.D., Farg M.A., Turner B.J., Tomas D., Lysaght J.A., Nunan J., Rembach A., Nagley P., Beart P.M., Cheema S.S., Horne M.K. Induction of the unfolded protein response in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and association of protein-disulfide isomerase with superoxide dismutase 1. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:30152-30165.
9. Atkin J.D., Farg M.A., Walker A.K., McLean C., Tomas D., Horne M.K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and induction of the unfolded protein response in human sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol. Dis. 2008, 30:400-407.
10. Azzouz M., Ralph G.S., Storkebaum E., Walmsley L.E., Mitrophanous K.A., Kingsman S.M., Carmeliet P., Mazarakis N.D. VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivector prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Nature 2004, 429:413-417.
11. Bandtlow C.E., Dlaska M., Pirker S., Czech T., Baumgartner C., Sperk G. Increased expression of Nogo-A in hippocampal neurons of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 20:195-206.
12. Banfi B., Schrenzel J., Nusse O., Lew D.P., Ligeti E., Krause K.H., Demaurex N. A novel H({thorn}) conductance in eosinophils: unique characteristics and absence in chronic granulomatous disease. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190:183-194.
13. Barbeito A.G., Martinez-Palma L., Vargas M.R., Pehar M., Mañay N., Beckman J.S., Barbeito L., Cassina P. Lead exposure stimulates VEGF expression in the spinal cord and extends survival in a mouse model of ALS. Neurobiol. Dis. 2010, 37(3):574-580.
14. Bartos A., Fialová L., Soukupová J., Kukal J., Malbohan I., Pit'ha J. Elevated intrathecal antibodies against the medium neurofilament subunit in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 2007, 254(1):20-25.
15. Beers D.R., Henkel J.S., Zhao W., Wang J., Appel S.H. CD4{thorn} T cells support glial neuroprotection, slow disease progression, and modify glial morphology in an animal model of inherited ALS. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105:15558-15563.
16. Beery R., Haimsohn M., Wertheim N., Hemi R., Nir U., Karasik A., Kanety H., Geier A. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway by the antiapoptotic agents aurintricarboxylic acid and evans blue. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 147:542-551.
17. Beuche W.Y.M., Mäder M., Maliszewska M., Felgenhauer K., Weber F. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroreport 2000, 11:3419-3422.
18. Borisoff J.F., Chan C.C., Hiebert G.W., Oschipok L., Robertson G.S., Zamboni R., Steeves J.D., Tetzlaff W. Suppression of Rho-kinase activity promotes axonal growth on inhibitory CNS substrates. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2003, 22:405-416.
19. Boucherie C., Schäfer S., Lavand'homme P., Maloteaux J.M., Hermans E. Chimerization of astroglial population in the lumbar spinal cord after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation prolongs survival in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurosci. Res. 2009, 87(9):2034-2046.
20. Boylan K., Yang C., Crook J., Overstreet K., Heckman M., Wang Y., Borchelt D., Shaw G. Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF-H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF-H as a potential ALS biomarker. J. Neurochem. 2009, 111(December (5)):1182-1191.
21. Brettschneider J., Petzold A., Süssmuth S.D., Ludolph A.C., Tumani H. Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS. Neurology 2006, 66(6):852-856.
22. Brown R.H. Superoxide dismutase in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: models for gain of function. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1995, 5:841-846.
23. Busiguina S., Fernandez A.M., Barrios V., Clark R., Tolbert D.L., Berciano J., Torres-Aleman I. Neurodegeneration is associated to changes in serum insulin-like growth factors. Neurobiol. Dis. 2000, 7:657-665.
24. Butovsky O., Talpalar A.E., Ben-Yaakov K., Schwartz M. Activation of microglia by aggregated beta-amyloid or lipopolysaccharide impairs MHC-II expression and renders them cytotoxic whereas IFN-gamma and IL-4 render them protective. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2005, 29(3):381-393.
25. Cafferty W.B., Duffy P., Huebner E., Strittmatter S.M. MAG and OMgp synergize with Nogo-A to restrict axonal growth and neurological recovery after spinal cord trauma. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:6825-6837.
26. Caroni P., Schwab M.E. Antibody against myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS white matter. Neuron 1988, 1:85-96.
27. Cereseto M., Reinés A., Ferrero A., Sifonios L., Rubio M., Wikinski S. Chronic treatment with high doses of corticosterone decreases cytoskeletal proteins in the rat hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 24(12):3354-3364.
28. Chandel N.S., McClintock D.S., Feliciano C.E., Wood T.M., Melendez J.A., Rodriguez A.M., Schumacker P.T. Reactive oxygen species generated at mitochondrial complex III stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha during hypoxia: a mechanism of O2 sensing. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:25130-25138.
29. Chen X.J., Levedakou E.N., Millen K.J., Wollmann R.L., Soliven B., Popko B. Proprioceptive sensory neuropathy in mice with a mutation in the cytoplasmic Dynein heavy chain 1 gene. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27(52):14515-14524.
30. Chen M.S., Huber A.B., Van Der Haar M.E., Frank M., Schnell L., Spillmann A.A., Christ F., Schwab M.E. Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1. Nature 2000, 403:434-439.
31. Chinnakkaruppan A., Das S., Sarkar P.K. Age related and hypothyroidism related changes on the stoichiometry of neurofilament subunits in the developing rat brain. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2009, 27(3):257-261.
32. Chiò A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Mazzini L., Mora G. Phenotypic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2011, 82(7):740-746. PARALS study group.
33. Choo E.J., Rhee Y.H., Jeong S.J., Lee H.J., Kim H.S., Ko H.S., Kim J.H., Kwon T.R., Jung J.H., Kim J.H., Lee H.J., Lee E.O., Kim D.K., Chen C.Y., Kim S.H. Anethole exerts antimetatstaic activity via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 and AKT/mitogen-activated kinase/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2011, 34:41-46.
34. Clement A.M., Nguyen M.D., Roberts E.A., Garcia M.L., Boillée S., Rule M., McMahon A.P., Doucette W., Siwek D., Ferrante R.J., Brown R.H., Julien J.P., Goldstein L.S., Cleveland D.W. Wild-type nonneuronal cells extend survival of SOD1 mutant motor neurons in ALS mice. Science 2003, 302:113-117.
35. Côté F., Collard J.F., Julien J.P. Progressive neuronopathy in transgenic mice expressing the human neurofilament heavy gene: a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell 1993, 73:35-46.
36. Couillard-Després S., Zhu Q., Wong P.C., Price D.L., Cleveland D.W., Julien J.P. Protective effect of neurofilament heavy gene overexpression in motor neuron disease induced by mutant superoxide dismutase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95(16):9626-9630.
37. Croci L., Barili V., Chia D., Massimino L., van Vugt R., Masserdotti G., Longhi R., Rotwein P., Consalez G.G. Local insulin-like growth factor I expression is essential for Purkinje neuron survival at birth. Cell Death Differ. 2011, 18(1):48-59.
38. Dehmelt L., Nalbant P., Steffen W., Halpain S. A microtubule-based, dynein-dependent force induces local cell protrusions: Implications for neurite initiation. Brain Cell Biol. 2006, 35:39-56.
39. Demestre M., Parkin-Smith G., Petzold A., Pullen A.H. The pro and the active form of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 2005, 159:146-154.
40. Deng Y., Li B., Liu F., Iqbal K., Grundke-Iqbal I., Brandt R., Gong C.X. Regulation between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of neurofilament-M and their dysregulation in Alzheimer disease. FASEB J. 2008, 22(January (1)):138-145.
41. Dewil M., Schurmans C., Starckx S., Opdenakker G., Van Den Bosch L., Robberecht W. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroreport 2005, 16:321-324.
42. Di Giorgio F.P., Carrasco M.A., Siao M.C., Maniatis T., Eggan K. Non-cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cellbased ALS model. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:608-614.
43. Diekmann H., Klinger M., Oertle T., Heinz D., Pogoda H.M., Schwab M.E., Stuermer C.A. Analysis of the reticulon gene family demonstrates the absence of the neurite growth inhibitor Nogo-A in fish. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22(8):1635-1648.
44. Dobrowolny G., Aucello M., Molinaro M., Musarò A. Local expression of mIgf-1 modulates ubiquitin, caspase and CDK5 expression in skeletal muscle of an ALS mouse model. Neurol. Res. 2008, 30(2):131-136.
45. Dobrowolny G., Giacinti C., Pelosi L., Nicoletti C., Winn N., Barberi L., Molinaro M., Rosenthal N., Musarò A. Muscle expression of a local Igf-1 isoform protects motor neurons in an ALS mouse model. J. Cell Biol. 2005, 168(2):193-199.
46. Dodd J., Jessell T.M. Axon guidance and the patterning of neuronal projections in vertebrates. Science 1988, 242:692-699.
47. Dore S., Kar S., Quirion R. Rediscovering an old friend, IGF-I: potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci. 1997, 20:326-331.
48. Duffy P., Schmandke A., Schmandke A., Sigworth J., Narumiya S., Cafferty W.B., Strittmatter S.M. Rho-associated kinase II (ROCKII) limits axonal growth after trauma within the adult mouse spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29(48):15266-15276.
49. Dupuis L., Gonzalez de Aguilar J.L., di Scala F., Rene F., de Tapia M., Pradat P.F., Lacomblez L., Seihlan D., Prinjha R., Walsh F.S., Meininger V., Loeffler J.P. Nogo provides a molecular marker for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol. Dis. 2002, 10:358-365.
50. El-Kadi A.M., Bros-Facer V., Deng W., Philpott A., Stoddart E., Banks G., Jackson G.S., Fisher E.M., Duchen M.R., Greensmith L., Moore A.L., Hafezparast M. The legs at odd angles (Loa) mutation in cytoplasmic dynein ameliorates mitochondrial function in SOD1G93A mouse model for motor neuron disease. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285(24):18627-18639.
51. El-Kadi A.M., Soura V., Hafezparast M. Defective axonal transport in motor neuron disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 2007, 85(12):2557-2566. Review.
52. Escurat M., Djabali K., Gumpel M., Gros F., Portier M.M. Differential expression of two neuronal intermediate filament proteins, peripherin and the low-molecular-mass neurofilament protein (NF-L), during the development of the rat. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10:764-784.
53. Ezzi S.A., Larivière R., Urushitani M., Julien J.P. Neuronal over-expression of chromogranin A accelerates disease onset in a mouse model of ALS. J. Neurochem. 2010, 115(5):1102-1111.
54. Fang L., Teuchert M., Huber-Abel F., Schattauer D., Hendrich C., Dorst J., Zettlmeissel H., Wlaschek M., Scharffetter-Kochanek K., Kapfer T., Tumani H., Ludolph A.C., Brettschneider J. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are elevated in spinal cord and skin in a mouse model of ALS. J. Neurol. Sci. 2010, 15(294(1-2)):51-56.
55. Fernandez A.M., Fernandez S., Carrero P., Garcia-Garcia M., Torres-Aleman I. Calcineurin in reactive astrocytes plays a key role in the interplay between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27(33):8745-8756.
56. Fialová L., Svarcová J., Bartos A., Ridzon P., Malbohan I., Keller O., Rusina R. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibodies against neurofilaments in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 2010, 17(4):562-566.
57. Fiedler M., Horn C., Bandtlow C., Schwab M.E., Skerra A. An engineered IN-1 F(ab) fragment with improved affinity for the Nogo-A axonal growth inhibitor permits immunochemical detection and shows enhanced neutralizing activity. Protein Eng. 2002, 15:931-994.
58. Figlewicz D.A., Krizus A., Martinoli M.G., Meininger V., Dib M., Rouleau G.A., Julien J.-P. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1994, 3:1757-1761.
59. Fouad K., Klusman I., Schwab M.E. Regenerating corticospinal fibers in the Marmoset (Callitrix jacchus) after spinal cord lesion and treatment with the anti- Nogo-A antibody IN-1. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 20:2479-2482.
60. Fournier A.E., Takizawa B.T., Strittmatter S.M. Rho kinase inhibition enhances axonal regeneration in the injured CNS. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:1416-1423.
61. Franklin R.J.M., Hinks G.L., Woodruff R.H., O'Leary M.T. What roles do growth factors play in CNS remyelination?. Prog. Brain Res. 2001, 132:185-193.
62. Franklin R.J.M., Hinks G.L. Understanding CNS remyelination-clues from developmental and regeneration biology. J. Neurosci. Res. 1999, 58:207-213.
63. Frazier A.E., Kiu C., Stojanovski D., Hoogenraad N.J., Ryan M.T. Mitochondrial morphology and distribution in mammalian cells. Biol. Chem. 2006, 387:1551-1558.
64. Funakoshi H., Belluardo N., Arenas E., Yamamoto Y., Casabona A., Persson H., Ibanez C.F. Muscle-derived neurotrophin-4 as an activity-dependent trophic signal for adult motor neurons. Science 1995, 268:1495-1499.
65. Ganesalingam J., An J., Shaw C.E., Shaw G., Lacomis D., Bowser R. Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS. J. Neurochem. 2011 May, 117(3):528-537.
66. Gkogkas C., Middleton S., Kremer A.M., Wardrope C., Hannah M., Gillingwater T.H., Skehel P. VAPB interacts with and modulates the activity of ATF6. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2008, 17:1517-1526.
67. Giess R., Holtmann B., Braga M., Grimm T., Müller-Myhsok B., Toyka K.V., Sendtner M. Early onset of severe familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a SOD-1 mutation: potential impact of CNTF as a candidate modifier gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002, 70:1277-1286.
68. Grandpre T., Li S., Strittmatter S.M. Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration. Nature 2002, 417:547-551.
69. Green S.L., Westendorf J.M., Jaffe H., Pant H.C., Cork L.C., Ostrander E.A., Vignaux F., Ferrell J.E. Allelic variants of the canine heavy neurofilament (NFH) subunit and extensive phosphorylation in dogs with motor neuron disease. J. Comp. Pathol. 2005, 132(1):33-50.
70. Gurney M.E., Pu H., Chiu A.Y., Dal Canto M.C., Polchow C.Y., Alexander D.D., Caliendo J., Hentati A., Kwon Y.W., Deng H.X. Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Science 1994, 264:1772-1775.
71. Hadano S., Otomo A., Kunita R., Suzuki-Utsunomiya K., Akatsuka A., Koike M., Aoki M., Uchiyama Y., Itoyama Y., Ikeda J.E. Loss of ALS2/Alsin exacerbates motor dysfunction in a SOD1-expressing mouse ALS model by disturbing endolysosomal trafficking. PLoS One 2010, 5(3):e9805.
72. Hafezparast M., Klocke R., Ruhrberg C., Marquardt A., Ahmad-Annuar A., Bowen S., Lalli G., Witherden A.S., Hummerich H., Nicholson S., Morgan P.J., Oozageer R., Priestley J.V., Averill S., King V.R., Ball S., Peters J., Toda T., Yamamoto A., Hiraoka Y., Augustin M., Korthaus D., Wattler S., Wabnitz P., Dickneite C., Lampel S., Boehme F., Peraus G., Popp A., Rudelius M., Schlegel J., Fuchs H., Hrabe de Angelis M., Schiavo G., Shima D.T., Russ A.P., Stumm G., Martin J.E., Fisher E.M. Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport. Science 2003, 300(5620):808-812.
73. Hall E.D., Oostveen J.A., Gurney M.E. Relationship of microglial and astrocytic activation to disease onset and progression in a transgenic model of familial ALS. Glia 1998, 23:249-256.
74. Harada A., Takei Y., Kanai Y., Tanaka Y., Nonaka S., Hirokawa N. Golgi vesiculation and lysosome dispersion in cells lacking cytoplasmic dynein. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 141:51-59.
75. Harel N.Y., Cudkowicz M.E., Brown R.H., Strittmatter S.M. Serum Nogo-A levels are not elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Biomarkers 2009, 14(6):414-417.
76. Harraz M.M., Marden J.J., Zhou W., Zhang Y., Williams A., Sharov V.S., Nelson K., Luo M., Paulson H., Schöneich C., Engelhardt J.F. SOD1 mutations disrupt redox-sensitive Rac regulation of NADPH oxidase in a familial ALS model. J. Clin. Invest. 2008, 118:659-670.
77. Hasegawa Y., Fujitani M., Hata K., Tohyama M., Yamagishi S., Yamashita T. Promotion of axon regeneration by myelin-associated glycoprotein and Nogo through divergent signals downstream of Gi/G. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:6826-6832.
78. Heatwole C.R., Eichinger K.J., Friedman D.I., Hilbert J.E., Jackson C.E., Logigian E.L., Martens W.B., McDermott M.P., Pandya S.K., Quinn C., Smirnow A.M., Thornton C.A., Moxley R.T. Open-label trial of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1/recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Arch. Neurol. 2011, 68(January (1)):37-44.
79. Helle K.B. The granin family of uniquely acidic proteins of the diffuse neuroendocrine system: comparative and functional aspects. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos Soc. 2004, 79:769-794.
80. Hetz C., Thielen P., Matus S., Nassif M., Court F., Kiffin R., Martinez G., Cuervo A.M., Brown R.H., Glimcher L.H. XBP-1 deficiency in the nervous system protects against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by increasing autophagy. Genes Dev. 2009, 23(19):2294-2306.
81. Hinks G.L., Franklin R.J.M. Distinctive patterns of PDGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-I and TGF-beta1 gene expression during remyelination of experimentally-induced spinal cord demyelination. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 1999, 14:153-168.
82. Hinks G.L., Franklin R.J.M. Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2000, 16:542-556.
83. Hirokawa N., Niwa S., Tanaka Y. Molecular motors in neurons: transport mechanisms and roles in brain function, development, and disease. Neuron 2010, 68(November (4)):610-638.
84. Huber A.B., Weinmann O., Brosamle C., Oertle T., Schwab M.E. Patterns of Nogo mRNA and protein expression in the developing and adult rat and after CNS lesions. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:3553-3567.
85. Hunt D., Coffin R.S., Prinjha R.K., Campbell G., Anderson P.N. Nogo-A expression in the intact and injured nervous system. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2003, 24:1083-1102.
86. Ibanez C.F. Message in a bottle: long-range retrograde signalling in the nervous system. Trends Cell Biol. 2007, 17:519-528.
87. Ibi M., Katsuyama M., Fan C., Iwata K., Nishinaka T., Yokoyama T., Yabe-Nishimura C. NOX1=NADPH oxidase negatively regulates nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006, 40:1785-1795.
88. Ilieva E.V., Ayala V., Jove M., Dalfo E., Cacabelos D., Povedano M., Bellmunt M.J., Ferrer I., Pamplona R., Portero-Otin M. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress interplay in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2007, 130:3111-3123.
89. Jin K., Zhu Y., Sun Y., Mao X.O., Xie L., Greenberg D.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99:11946-11950.
90. Johnson D.A., Andrews G.K., Xu W., Johnson J.A. Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical neuronal cultures derived from transgenic reporter mice. J. Neurochem. 2002, 81:1233-1241.
91. Jokic N., Gonzalez de Aguilar J.L., Pradat P.F., Dupuis L., Echaniz-Laguna A., Muller A., Dubourg O., Seilhean D., Hauw J.J., Loeffler J.P., Meininger V. Nogo expression in muscle correlates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity. Ann. Neurol. 2005, 57:553-556.
92. Jokic N., Gonzalez de Aguilar J.L., Dimou L., Lin S., Fergani A., Ruegg M.A., Schwab M.E., Dupuis L., Loeffler J.P. The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A promotes denervation in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. EMBO Rep. 2006, 7(11):1162-1167.
93. Jucker M. The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Med. 2010, 16(11):1210-1214.
94. Julien J.P. Neurofilaments and motor neuron disease. Trends Cell Biol. 1997, 7(6):243-249.
95. Jung C., Yabe J.T., Shea T.B. C-terminal phosphorylation of the high molecular weight neurofilament subunit correlates with decreased neurofilament axonal transport velocity. Brain Res. 2000, 856:12-19.
96. Kamiya H., Zhang W., Sima A.A. Dynamic changes of neuroskeletal proteins in DRGs underlie impaired axonal maturation and progressive axonal degeneration in type 1 diabetes. Exp. Diabetes Res. 2009, 2009:793281.
97. Karnezis T., Mandemakers W., McQualter J.L., Zheng B., Ho P.P., Jordan K.A., Murray B.M., Barres B., Tessier-Lavigne M., Bernard C.C. The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo A is involved in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7(7):736-744.
98. Kaser A., Lee A.H., Franke A., Glickman J.N., Zeissig S., Tilg H., Nieuwenhuis E.E., Higgins D.E., Schreiber S., Glimcher L.H., Blumberg R.S. XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 2008, 134:743-756.
99. Kaspar B.K., Llado J., Sherkat N., Rothstein J.D., Gage F.H. Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Science 2003, 301:839-842.
100. Kiaei M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. PPAR Res. 2008, 2008:418765.
101. Kiaei M., Kipiani K., Petri S., Choi D.K., Chen J., Calingasan N.Y., Beal M.F. Integrative role of cPLA2 with COX-2 and the effect of non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs in a transgenic mousemodel of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurochem. 2005, 93(2):403-411.
102. Kiaei M., Petri S., Kipiani K., Gardian G., Choi D.K., Chen J., Calingasan N.Y., Schafer P., Muller G.W., Stewart C., Hensley K., Beal M.F. Thalidomide and lenalidomide extend survival in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26(9):2467-2473.
103. Kiaei M., Kipiani K., Calingasan N.Y., Wille E., Chen J., Heissig B., Rafii S., Lorenzl S., Beal M.F. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates TNF-α and FasL expression in neuronal, glial cells and its absence extends life in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp. Neurol. 2007, 205(1):74-81.
104. Kieran D., Hafezparast M., Bohnert S., Dick J.R., Martin J., Schiavo G., Fisher E.M., Greensmith L. A mutation in dynein rescues axonal transport defects and extends the life span of ALS mice. J. Cell Biol. 2005, 169(4):561-567.
105. Kikuchi H., Almer G., Yamashita S., Guegan C., Nagai M., Xu Z., Sosunov A.A., McKhann G.M., Przedborski S. Spinal cord endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with a microsomal accumulation of mutant superoxide dismutase-1 in an ALS model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:6025-6030.
106. Kilic E., ElAli A., Kilic U., Guo Z., Ugur M., Uslu U., Bassetti C.L., Schwab M.E., Hermann D.M. Role of Nogo-A in neuronal survival in the reperfused ischemic brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2010, 30(5):969-984.
107. Kim J.E., Li S., GrandPré T., Qiu D., Strittmatter S.M. Axon regeneration in young adult mice lacking Nogo-A/B. Neuron 2003, 38(2):187-199.
108. Kobayashi M., Yamamoto M. Molecular mechanisms activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway of antioxidant gene regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005, 7:385-394.
109. Komoly S., Hudson L.D., Webster H.D., Bondy C.A. Insulin-like growth factor I gene expression is induced in astrocytes during experimental demyelination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89:1894-1898.
110. Kraft A.D., Johnson D.A., Johnson J.A. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant response element activation by tert-butylhydroquinone and sulforaphane occurring preferentially in astrocytes conditions neurons against oxidative insult. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:1101-1112.
111. Kuhle J., Regeniter A., Leppert D., Mehling M., Kappos L., Lindberg R.L., Petzold A. A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the neurofilament heavy chain protein. J. Neuroimmunol. 2010, 220(1-2):114-119.
112. Kuner R., Groom A.J., Müller G., Kornau H.C., Stefovska V., Bresink I., Hartmann B., Tschauner K., Waibel S., Ludolph A.C., Ikonomidou C., Seeburg P.H., Turski L. Mechanisms of disease: motoneuron disease aggravated by transgenic expression of a functionally modified AMPA receptor subunit. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2005, 1053:269-286.
113. Lafeber F.P., Beukelman C.J., van den Worm E., van Roy J.L., Vianen M.E., van Roon J.A., van Dijk H., Bijlsma J.W. Apocynin, a plant-derived, cartilage-saving drug, might be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999, 38:1088-1093.
114. Lai C., Lin X., Chandran J., Shim H., Yang W.J., Cai H. The G59S mutation in p150(glued) causes dysfunction of dynactin in mice. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27(51):13982-13990.
115. Laird F.M., Farah M.H., Ackerley S., Hoke A., Maragakis N., Rothstein J.D., Griffin J., Price D.L., Martin L.J., Wong P.C. Motor neuron disease occurring in a mutant dynactin mouse model is characterized by defects in vesicular trafficking. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28(9):1997-2005.
116. Lambrechts D., Storkebaum E., Morimoto M., Del-Favero J., Desmet F., Marklund S.L., Wyns S., Thijs V., Andersson J., van Marion I., Al-Chalabi A., Bornes S., Musson R., Hansen V., Beckman L., Adolfsson R., Pall H.S., Prats H., Vermeire S., Rutgeerts P., Katayama S., Awata T., Leigh N., Lang-Lazdunski L., Dewerchin M., Shaw C., Moons L., Vlietinck R., Morrison K.E., Robberecht W., Van Broeckhoven C., Collen D., Andersen P.M., Carmeliet P. VEGF is a modifier of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice and humans and protects motoneurons against ischemic death. Nat. Genet. 2003, 34:383-394.
117. LaMonte B.H., Wallace K.E., Holloway B.A., Shelly S.S., Ascaño J., Tokito M., Van Winkle T., Howland D.S., Holzbaur E.L. Disruption of dynein/dynactin inhibits axonal transport in motor neurons causing late-onset progressive degeneration. Neuron 2002, 34(5):715-727.
118. Lariviere R.C., Julien J.P. Functions of intermediate filaments in neuronal development and disease. J. Neurobiol. 2004, 58:131-148.
119. Lee M.K., Marszalek J.R., Cleveland D.W. A mutant neurofilament subunit causes massive, selective motor neuron death: implications for the pathogenesis of human motor neuron disease. Neuron 1994, 13:975-988.
120. Lee W.H., Wang G.M., Lo T., Triarhou L.C., Ghetti B. Altered IGFBP5 gene expression in the cerebellar external germinal layer of weaver mutant mice. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 1995, 30(2):259-268.
121. Lee J.M., Calkins M.J., Chan K., Kan Y.W., Johnson J.A. Identification of the NF-E2-related factor-2- dependent genes conferring protection against oxidative stress in primary cortical astrocytes using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:12029-12038.
122. Lee A.H., Chu G.C., Iwakoshi N.N., Glimcher L.H. XBP-1 is required for biogenesis of cellular secretory machinery of exocrine glands. EMBO J. 2005, 24:4368-4380.
123. Lee A.H., Scapa E.F., Cohen D.E., Glimcher L.H. Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by the transcription factor XBP1. Science 2008, 320:1492-1496.
124. Lee J.K., Geoffroy C.G., Chan A.F., Tolentino K.E., Crawford M.J., Leal M.A., Kang B., Zheng B. Assessing spinal axon regeneration and sprouting in Nogo-, MAG-, and OMgp-deficient mice. Neuron 2010, 66(5):663-670.
125. Lee S., Sunil N., Tejada J.M., Shea T.B. Differential roles of kinesin and dynein in translocation of neurofilaments into axonal neurites. J. Cell Sci. 2011, 124(April (Pt 7)):1022-1031.
126. Lefebvre S., Mushynski W.E. Calcium binding to untreated and dephosphorylated porcine neurofilaments. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987, 145:1006-1011.
127. Lefebvre S., Mushynski W.E. Characterization of the cation-binding properties of porcine neurofilaments. Biochemistry 1988, 27:8503-8508.
128. Leterrier J.F., Maher A., Eyer J., Gou J.P., Haddad K., Pouplard-Berthelaix A. Naftidrofuryl, a putative activator of neuron survival, stimulates the expression of neurofilament heavy subunit in cultivated spinal cord neurons from chicken. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994, 200:504-512.
129. Levy J.R., Holzbaur E.L. Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin function and dysfunction in motor neurons. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2006, 24:103-111.
130. Li B., Xu W., Luo C., Gozal D., Liu R. VEGF-induced activation of the PI3-K/Akt pathway reduces mutant SOD1-mediated motor neuron cell death. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2003, 111:155-164.
131. Li S., Strittmatter S.M. Delayed systemic Nogo-66 receptor antagonist promotes recovery from spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:4219-4227.
132. Liang X., Wang Q., Shi J., Lokteva L., Breyer R.M., Montine T.J., Andreasson K. The prostaglandin EP2 receptor accelerates disease progression and inflammation in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 2008, 64:304-314.
133. Lino M.M., Schneider C., Caroni P. Accumulation of SOD1 mutants in postnatal motoneurons does not cause motoneuron pathology or motoneuron disease. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:4825-4832.
134. Liu X., Yao D.-L., Bondy C.A., Brenner M., Hudson L.D., Zhou J., Webster H.D. Astrocytes express insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its binding protein, IGFBP-2, during demyelination induced by experimental autoimmune allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 1994, 5:418-430.
135. Liu Q., Kang J.H., Zheng R.L. NADPH oxidase produces reactive oxygen species and maintains survival of rat astrocytes. Cell Biochem. Funct. 2005, 23:93-100.
136. Liu L.Y., Zheng H., Xiao H.L., She Z.J., Zhao S.M., Chen Z.L., Zhou G.M. Comparison of blood-nerve barrier disruption and matrix metalloprotease-9 expression in injured central and peripheral nerves in mice. Neurosci. Lett. 2008, 434(2):155-159.
137. Lobsiger C.S., Garcia M.L., Ward C.M., Cleveland D.W. Altered axonal architecture by removal of the heavily phosphorylated neurofilament tail domains strongly slows superoxide dismutase 1 mutant-mediated ALS. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102(29):10351-10356.
138. Lorenzl S., De Pasquale G., Segal A.Z., Beal M.F. Dysregulation of the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in the early phase of cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2003, 34:e37-e38. (author reply e37-38).
139. Lorenzl S., Narr S., Angele B., Krell H.W., Gregorio J., Kiaei M., Pfister H.W., Beal M.F. The matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor Ro 26-2853 extends survival in transgenic ALS mice. Exp. Neurol. 2006, 2006(1):166-171.
140. Lorenzl S., Narr S., Angele B., Krell H.W., Gregorio J., Kiaei M., Pfister H.W., Beal M.F. The matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor Ro 28-2653 [correction of Ro 26-2853] extends survival in transgenic ALS mice. Exp. Neurol. 2006, 200:166-171.
141. Lu L., Zheng L., Viera L., Suswam E., Li Y., Li X., Estévez A.G., King P.H. Mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis destabilizes vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and downregulates its expression. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27(30):7929-7938.
142. Lunn J.S., Sakowski S.A., Kim B., Rosenberg A.A., Feldman E.L. Vascular endothelial growth factor prevents G93A-SOD1-induced motor neuron degeneration. Dev. Neurobiol. 2009, 69(13):871-884.
143. Lv J., Xu R.X., Jiang X.D., Lu X., Ke Y.Q., Cai Y.Q., Du M.X., Hu C., Zou Y.X., Qin L.S., Zeng Y.J. Passive immunization with LINGO-1 polyclonal antiserum afforded neuroprotection and promoted functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010, 17(4):270-278.
144. Madeo F., Eisenberg T., Kroemer G. Autophagy for the avoidance of neurodegeneration. Genes Dev. 2009, 23(19):2253-2259.
145. Mao W., Iwai C., Keng P.C., Vulapalli R., Liang C.S. Norepinephrine-induced oxidative stress causes PC-12 cell apoptosis by both endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial intrinsic pathway: inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase survival pathway. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 2006, 290(5):C1373-C1384.
146. Marden J.J., Harraz M.M., Williams A.J., Nelson K., Luo M., Paulson H., Engelhardt J.F. Redox modifier genes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117(10):2913-2919.
147. Marksteiner J., Lechner T., Kaufmann W.A., Gurka P., Humpel C., Nowakowski C., Maier H., Jellinger K.A. Distribution of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus and its changes in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2000, 100:205-212.
148. Mason J.L., Jones J.J., Taniike M., Morell P., Suzuki K., Matsushima G.K. Mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis precedes IGF-I production and oligodendrocyte progenitor accumulation and differentiation during demyelination/remyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 2000, 61:251-262.
149. Mason J.L., Ye P., Suzuki K., D'Ercole A.J., Matsushima G.K. Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis during primary demyelination. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:5703-5708.
150. Matsuzaki H., Tamatani M., Yamaguchi A., Namikawa K., Kiyama H., Vitek M.P., Mitsuda N., Tohyama M. Vascular endothelial growth factor rescues hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced toxicity: signal transduction cascades. FASEB J. 2001, 15:1218-1220.
151. McDonald C.L., Bandtlow C., Reindl M. Targeting the Nogo receptor complex in diseases of the central nervous system. Curr. Med. Chem. 2011, 18(2):234-244.
152. Meissner F., Molawi K., Zychlinsky A. Mutant superoxide dismutase 1-induced IL-1beta accelerates ALS pathogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107(29):13046-13050.
153. Mendonça D.M., Martins S.C., Higashi R., Muscara M.N., Neto V.M., Chimelli L., Martinez A.M. Neurofilament heavy subunit in cerebrospinal fluid: a biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011, 12(March (2)):144-147.
154. Mi S., Lee X., Shao Z., Thill G., Ji B., Relton J., Levesque M., Allaire N., Perrin S., Sands B., Crowell T., Cate R.L., McCoy J.M., Pepinsky R.B. LINGO-1 is a component of the Nogo-66 receptor/p75 signaling complex. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:221-228.
155. Min K.J., Pyo H.K., Yang M.S., Ji K.A., Jou I., Joe E.H. Gangliosides activate microglia via protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase. Glia 2004, 48:197-206.
156. Minghetti L. Role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2005, 18(June (3)):315-321. Review.
157. Monnier P.P., Sierra A., Schwab J.M., Henke-Fahle S., Mueller B.K. The Rho/ROCK pathway mediates neurite growth-inhibitory activity associated with the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the CNS glial scar. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2003, 22:319-330.
158. Musarò A., Rosenthal N. The role of local insulin-like growth factor-1 isoforms in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. Curr. Genomics 2002, 3:149-162.
159. Musset B., Cherny V.V., Morgan D., Decoursey T.E. The intimate and mysterious relationship between proton channels and NADPH oxidase. FEBS Lett. 2009, 583:7-12.
160. Nagai M., Re D.B., Nagata T., Chalazonitis A., Jessell T.M., Wichterle H., Przedborski S. Astrocytes expressing ALSlinked mutated SOD1 release factors selectively toxic to motor neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:615-622.
161. Nagano S., Satoh M., Sumi H., Fujimura H., Tohyama C., Yanagihara T., Sakoda S. Reduction of metallothioneins promotes the disease expression of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice in a dose-dependent manner. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 13:1363-1370.
162. Neff N.T., Prevette D., Houenou L.J., Lewis M.E., Glicksman M.A., Yin Q.W., Oppenheim R.W. Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival. J Neurobiol 1993, 24:1578-1588.
163. Ness J.K., Wood T.L. Insulin-like growth factor I, but not neurotrophin-3, sustains Akt activation and provides long-term protection of immature oligodendrocytes from glutamate-mediated apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2002, 20:476-488.
164. Neumann H., Schweigreiter R., Yamashita T., Rosenkranz K., Wekerle H., Barde Y.A. Tumor necrosis factor inhibits neurite outgrowth and branching of hippocampal neurons by a rho-dependent mechanism. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:854-862.
165. Niederost B., Oertle T., Fritsche J., McKinney R.A., Bandtlow C.E. Nogo-A and myelin-associated glycoprotein mediate neurite growth inhibition by antagonistic regulation of RhoA and Rac1. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:10368-10376.
166. Nishimura M., Tomimoto H., Suenaga T., Nakamura S., Namba Y., Ikeda K., Akiguchi I., Kimura J. Synaptophysin and chromogranin A immunoreactivities of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease brains. Brain Res. 1994, 634:339-344.
167. Nishitoh H., Kadowaki H., Nagai A., Maruyama T., Yokota T., Fukutomi H., Noguchi T., Matsuzawa A., Takeda K., Ichijo H. ALS-linked mutant SOD1 induces ER stress- and ASK1-dependent motor neuron death by targeting Derlin-1. Genes Dev. 2008, 22:1451-1464.
168. Nixon R.A., Shea T.B. Dynamics of neuronal intermediate filaments: a developmental perspective. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 1992, 22:81-91.
169. Nixon R.A., Paskevich P.A., Sihag R., Thayer C. Phosphorylation n carboxy terminus domains of neurofilament proteins in retinal ganglion cell neurons in vivo: influences on regional neurofilament spacing, and axon caliber. J. Cell Biol. 1994, 126:1031-1046.
170. Novak G., Kim D., Seeman P., Tallerico T. Schizophrenia and Nogo: elevated mRNA in cortex, and high prevalence of a homozygous CAA insert. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002, 107:183-189.
171. Motil J., Chan W.K., Dubey M., Chaudhury P., Pimenta A., Chylinski T.M., Ortiz D.T., Shea T.B. Dynein mediates retrograde neurofilament transport within axons and anterograde delivery of NFs from perikarya into axons: regulation by multiple phosphorylation events. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006, 63:266-286.
172. Oblinger M.M., Wong J., Parysek L.M. Axotomy-induced changes in the expression of a type III neuronal intermediate filament gene. J. Neurosci. 1989, 9:3766-3775.
173. Oertle T., van der Haar M.E., Bandtlow C.E., Robeva A., Burfeind P., Buss A., Huber A.B., Simonen M., Schnell L., Brösamle C., Kaupmann K., Vallon R., Schwab M.E. Nogo-A inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading with three discrete regions. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:5393-5406.
174. O'Leary M.T., Hinks G.L., Charlton H.M., Franklin R.J. Increasing local levels of IGF-I mRNA expression using adenoviral vectors does not alter oligodendrocyte remyelination in the CNS of aged rats. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2002, 19(1):32-42.
175. Oosthuyse B., Moons L., Storkebaum E., Beck H., Nuyens D., Brusselmans K., Van Dorpe J., Hellings P., Gorselink M., Heymans S., Theilmeier G., Dewerchin M., Laudenbach V., Vermylen P., Raat H., Acker T., Vleminckx V., Van Den Bosch L., Cashman N., Fujisawa H., Drost M.R., Sciot R., Bruyninckx F., Hicklin D.J., Ince C., Gressens P., Lupu F., Plate K.H., Robberecht W., Herbert J.M., Collen D., Carmeliet P. Deletion of the hypoxia-response element in the vascular endothelial growth factor promoter causes degeneration. Nat. Genet. 2001, 28:131-138.
176. Oppenheim R.W., Yin Q.W., Prevette D., Yan Q. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rescues developing avian motoneurons from cell death. Nature (Lond.) 1992, 360(6406):755-757.
177. Park S.-W., Yi J.-H., Miranpuri G., Satriotomo I., Bowen K., Resnick D.K., Vemuganti R. Thiazolidinedione class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists prevents neuronal damage, motor dysfunction, myelin loss, neuropathic pain, and inflammation after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2007, 320(3):1002-1012.
178. Pawate S., Shen Q., Fan F., Bhat N.R. Redox regulation of glial inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide and interferongamma. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 77:540-551.
179. Platt C.I., Krekoski C.A., Ward R.V., Edwards D.R., Gavrilovic J. Extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases in sciatic nerve. J. Neurosci. Res. 2003, 74:417-429.
180. Pradat P.F., Bruneteau G., Gonzalez de Aguilar J.L., Dupuis L., Jokic N., Salachas F., Le Forestier N., Echaniz-Laguna A., Dubourg O., Hauw J.J., Tranchant C., Loeffler J.P., Meininger V. Muscle Nogo-A expression is a prognostic marker in lower motor neuron syndromes. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 62(1):15-20.
181. Puls I., Jonnakuty C., LaMonte B.H., Holzbaur E.L., Tokito M., Mann E., Floeter M.K., Bidus K., Drayna D., Oh S.J., Brown R.H., Ludlow C.L., Fischbeck K.H. Mutant dynactin in motor neuron disease. Nat. Genet. 2003, 33(4):455-456.
182. Puls I., Oh S.J., Sumner C.J., Wallace K.E., Floeter M.K., Mann E.A., Kennedy W.R., Wendelschafer-Crabb G., Vortmeyer A., Powers R., Finnegan K., Holzbaur E.L., Fischbeck K.H., Ludlow C.L. Distal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy caused by dynactin mutation. Ann. Neurol. 2005, 57(5):687-694.
183. Puttaparthi K., Gitomer W.L., Krishnan U., Son M., Rajendran B., Elliott J.L. Disease progression in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is dependent on both neuronal and non-neuronal zinc binding proteins. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:8790-8796.
184. Qi Z., Tang D., Zhu X., Fujita D.J., Wang J.H. Association of neurofilament proteins with neuronal Cdk5 activator. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 27:2329-2335.
185. Rajagopalan S., Meng X.P., Ramasamy S., Harrison D.G., Galis Z.S. Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J. Clin. Invest. 1996, 98:2572-2579.
186. 2-dependent ERK1/2 activation. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:14264-14270.
187. Rangon C.M., Haik S., Faucheux B.A., Metz-Boutigue M.H., Fierville F., Fuchs J.P., Hauw J.J., Aunis D. Different chromogranin immunoreactivity between prion and a-beta amyloid plaque. Neuroreport 2003, 14:755-758.
188. Reimold A.M., Iwakoshi N.N., Manis J., Vallabhajosyula P., Szomolanyi Tsuda E., Gravallese E.M., Friend D., Grusby M.J., Alt F., Glimcher L.H. Plasma cell differentiation requires the transcription factor XBP-1. Nature 2001, 412:300-307.
189. Reindl M., Khantane S., Ehling R., Schanda K., Lutterotti A., Brinkhoff C., Oertle T., Schwab M.E., Deisenhammer F., Berger T., Bandtlow C.E. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to Nogo-A in patients with multiple sclerosis and acute neurological disorders. J. Neuroimmunol. 2003, 145:139-147.
190. Reijn T.S., Abdo W.F., Schelhaas H.J., Verbeek M.M. CSF neurofilament protein analysis in the differential diagnosis of ALS. J. Neurol. 2009, 256(April (4)):615-619.
191. Ripps M.E., Huntley G.W., Hof P.R., Morrison J.H., Gordon J.W. Transgenic mice expressing an altered murine superoxide dismutase gene provide an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92(3):689-693.
192. Robertson J., Beaulieu J.-M., Doroudchi M.M., Durham H.D., Julien J.-P., Mushynski W.E. Apoptotic death of neurons exhibiting peripherin aggregates is mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-a. J. Cell Biol. 2001, 155:217-226.
193. Robertson J., Doroudchi M.M., Nguyen M.D., Durham H.D., Strong M.J., Shaw G., Julien J.P., Mushynski W.E. A neurotoxic peripherin splice variant in a mouse model of ALS. J. Cell Biol. 2003, 160(6):939-949.
194. Romanic A.M., Madri J.A. Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases in the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 1994, 4:145-156.
195. Ron D., Walter P. Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2007, 8:519-529.
196. Rosengren L.E., Karlsson J.E., Karlsson J.O., Persson L.I., Wikkelsø C. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases have increased levels of neurofilament protein in CSF. J. Neurochem. 1996, 67(November (5)):2013-2018.
197. Rothenberg M.L., Nelson A.R., hande K.R. New drugs on the horizon: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Oncologist 1998, 3:271-274.
198. Rouleau G.A., Clark A.W., Rooke K., Pramatarova A., Krizus A., Suchowersky O., Julien J.-P., Figlewicz D. SOD1 mutation is associated with accumulation of neurofilaments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1996, 39:128-131.
199. Saari H., Sorsa T., Lindy O., Suomalainen K., Halinen S., Konttinen Y.T. Reactive oxygen species as regulators of human neutrophil and fibroblast interstitial collagenases. Int. J. Tissue React. 1992, 14:113-120.
200. Saatman K.E., Contreras P.C., Smith D.H., Raghupathi R., McDermott K.L., Fernandez S.C., Sanderson K.L., Voddi M., McIntosh T.K. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) improves both neurological motor and cognitive outcome following experimental brain injury. Exp. Neurol. 1997, 147:418-427.
201. Sanchez I., Hassinger L., Sihag R.K., Cleveland D.W., Mohan P., Nixon R.A. Local control of neurofilament accumulation during radial growth of myelinating axons in vivo. Selective role of site-specific phosphorylation. J. Cell Biol. 2000, 151:1013-1024.
202. Sastre M., Dewachter I., Rossner S., Bogdanovic N., Rosen E., Borghgraef P., Evert B.O., Dumitrescu-Ozimek L., Thal D.R., Landreth G., Walter J., Klockgether T., van L.F., Heneka M.T. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs repress beta-secretase gene promoter activity by the activation of PPARgamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:443-448.
203. Schiffer D., Cordera S., Giordana M.T., Attanasio A., Pezzulo T. Synaptic vesicle proteins, synaptophysin and chromogranin A in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1995, 129(Suppl):68-74.
204. Schoser B.G., Blottner D. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in denervated human muscle. Neuroreport 1999, 10:2795-2797.
205. Schrenzel J., Serrander L., Banfi B., Nusse O., Fouyouzi R., Lew D.P., Demaurex N., Krause K.H. Electron currents generated by the human phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Nature 1998, 392:734-737.
206. Schrott-Fischer A., Bitsche M., Humpel C., Walcher C., Maier H., Jellinger K., Rabl W., Glueckert R., Marksteiner J. Chromogranin peptides in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Regul. Pept. 2009, 152:13-21.
207. Schweigreiter R., Bandtlow C.E. Nogo in the injured spinal cord. J. Neurotrauma 2006, 23(3-4):384-396. Review.
208. Seeds N.W., Siconolfi L.B., Haffke S.P. Neuronal extracellular proteases facilitate cell migration, axonal growth, and pathfinding. Cell Tissue Res. 1997, 290:367-370.
209. Sendtner M., Holtmann B., Kolbeck R., Thoenen H., Barde Y.A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the death of motoneurons in newborn rats after nerve section. Nature (Lond.) 1992, 360(6406):757-759.
210. Shaw P.J., Williams R. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers of ALS. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Motor Neuron. Disord. 2000, (June (Suppl. 2)):S61-S67.
211. Shen W.H., Yin Y., Broussard S.R., McCusker R.H., Freund G.G., Dantzer R., Kelley K.W. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits cyclin A expression and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation triggered by insulin-like growth factor-I induction of new E2F-1 synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279(9):7438-7446.
212. Shen W.H., Zhou J.H., Broussard S.R., Johnson R.W., Dantzer R., Kelley K.W. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits insulin-like growth factor I-induced hematopoietic cell survival and proliferation. Endocrinology 2004, 145:3101-3105.
213. Shih A.Y., Johnson D.A., Wong G., Kraft A.D., Jiang L., Erb H., Johnson J.A., Murphy T.H. Coordinate regulation of glutathione biosynthesis and release by Nrf2-expressing glia potently protects neurons from oxidative stress. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:3394-3406.
214. Shubayev V.I., Myers R.R. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes nerve growth factor-induced neurite elongation but not new sprout formation in vitro. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 77(2):229-239.
215. Simonen M., Pedersen V., Weinmann O., Schnell L., Buss A., Ledermann B., Christ F., Sansig G., van der Putten H., Schwab M.E. Systemic deletion of the myelin-associated outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A improves regenerative and plastic responses after spinal cord injury. Neuron 2003, 38(2):201-211.
216. Skvortsova V., Shadrina M., Slominsky P., Levitsky G., Kondratieva E., Zherebtsova A., Levitskaya N., Alekhin A., Serdyuk A., Limborska S. Analysis of heavy neurofilament subunit gene polymorphism in Russian patients with sporadic motor neuron disease (MND). Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2004, 12(3):241-244.
217. Son M., Puttaparthi K., Kawamata H., Rajendran B., Boyer P.J., Manfredi G., Elliott J.L. Overexpression of CCS in G93A-SOD1 mice leads to accelerated neurological deficits with severe mitochondrial pathology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007, 104:6072-6077.
218. Sondell M., Sundler F., Kanje M. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a neurotrophic factor which stimulates axonal outgrowth through the flk-1 receptor. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000, 12:4243-4254.
219. Sorce S., Krause K.H. NOX enzymes in the central nervous system: from signalling to disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009, 11(10):2481-2504. Review.
220. Sorenson E.J., Windbank A.J., Mandrekar J.N., Bamlet W.R., Appel S.H., Armon C., Barkhaus P.E., Bosch P., Boylan K., David W.S., Feldman E., Glass J., Gutmann L., Katz J., King W., Luciano C.A., McCluskey L.F., Nash S., Newman D.S., Pascuzzi R.M., Pioro E., Sams L.J., Scelsa S., Simpson E.P., Subramony S.H., Tiryaki E., Thornton C.A. Subcutaneous IGF-1 is not beneficial in 2-year ALS trial. Neurology 2008, 71(November (22)):1770-1775.
221. Spillmann A.A., Amberger V.R., Schab M.E. High-molecular-weight protein of human central nervous system myelin inhibits neurite outgrowth: an effect which can be neutralized by the monoclonal antibody IN-1. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1997, 9:549-555.
222. Stein S.A., Kirkpatrick L.L., Shanklin D.R., Adams P.M., Brady S.T. Hypothyroidism reduces the rate of slow component A (SCa) axonal transport and the amount of transported tubulin in the hyt/hyt mouse optic nerve. J. Neurosci. Res. 1991, 28(1):121-133.
223. Steinacker P., Hawlik A., Lehnert S., Jahn O., Meier S., Görz E., Braunstein K.E., Krzovska M., Schwalenstöcker B., Jesse S., Pröpper C., Böckers T., Ludolph A., Otto M. Neuroprotective function of cellular prion protein in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 2010, 176(3):1409-1420.
224. Stolk J., Hiltermann T.J., Dijkman J.H., Verhoeven A.J. Characteristics of the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils by apocynin, a methoxysubstituted catechol. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1994, 11:95-102.
225. Storini C., Rossi E., Marrella V., Distaso M., Veerhuis R., Vergani C., Bergamaschini L., De Simoni M.G. C1 inhibitor protects against brain ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of cell recruitment and inflammation. Neurobiol. Dis. 2005, 19(1-2):10-17.
226. Storkebaum E., Lambrechts D., Dewerchin M., Moreno-Murciano M.P., Appelmans S., Oh H., Van Damme P., Rutten B., Man W.Y., De Mol M., Wyns S., Manka D., Vermeulen K., Van Den Bosch L., Mertens N., Schmitz C., Robberecht W., Conway E.M., Collen D., Moons L., Carmeliet P. Treatment of motoneuron degeneration by intracerebroventricular delivery of VEGF in a rat model of ALS. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:85-92.
227. Ström A.L., Shi P., Zhang F., Gal J., Kilty R., Hayward L.J., Zhu H. Interaction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase with the dynein-dynactin complex contributes to inclusion formation. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283(33):22795-22805.
228. Strom A.L., Gal J., Shi P., Kasarskis E.J., Hayward L.J., Zhu H. Retrograde axonal transport and motor neuron disease. J. Neurochem. 2008, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05393.x.
229. Strong M.J., Leystra-Lantz C., Ge W.W. Intermediate filament steady-state mRNA levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004, 316(2):317-322.
230. Strong M.J., Strong W.L., Jaffe H., Traggert B., Sopper M.M., Pant H.C. Phosphorylation state of the native high molecular-weight neurofilament subunit protein from cervical spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurochem. 2001, 76(5):1315-1325.
231. Sun Y., Jin K., Xie L., Childs J., Mao X.O., Logvinova A., Greenberg D.A. VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 111:1843-1851.
232. Susalka S.J., Pfister K.K. Cytoplasmic dynein subunit heterogeneity: implications for axonal transport. J. Neurocytol. 2000, 29:819-829.
233. Suzuki H., Kanekura K., Levine T.P., Kohno K., Olkkonen V.M., Aiso S., Matsuoka M. ALS-linked P56S-VAPB, an aggregated loss-of-function mutant of VAPB, predisposes motor neurons to ER stress-related death by inducing aggregation of co-expressed wild-type VAPB. J. Neurochem. 2009, 108:973-985.
234. Taupenot L., Harper K.L., O'Connor D.T. The chromogranin-secretogranin family. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 348:1134-1149.
235. Teng F.Y., Tang B.L. Nogo signaling and non-physical injury-induced nervous system pathology. J. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 79(3):273-278.
236. Teuchert M., Fischer D., Schwalenstoecker B., Habisch H.J., Böckers T.M., Ludolph A.C. A dynein mutation attenuates motor neuron degeneration in SOD1(G93A) mice. Exp. Neurol. 2006, 198(1):271-274.
237. Teuling E., van Dis V., Wulf P.S., Haasdijk E.D., Akhmanova A., Hoogenraad C.C., Jaarsma D. A novel mouse model with impaired dynein/dynactin function develops amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like features in motor neurons and improves lifespan in SOD1-ALS mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2008, 17(18):2849-2862.
238. Torres-Aleman I. Serum growth factors and neuroprotective surveillance: focus on IGF-1. Mol. Neurobiol 2000, 21:153-160.
239. Tu P.H., Gurney M.E., Julien J.P., Lee V.M., Trojanowski J.Q. Oxidative stress, mutant SOD1, and neurofilament pathology in transgenic mouse models of human motor neuron disease. Lab. Invest. 1997, 76(April (4)):441-456. Review. Erratum in: Lab Invest. 76(6):followi.
240. Turner B.J., Talbot K. Transgenics, toxicity and therapeutics in rodent models of mutant SOD1-mediated familial ALS. Prog. Neurobiol. 2008, 85(1):94-134.
241. Turner B.J., Parkinson N.J., Davies K.E., Talbot K. Survival motor neuron deficiency enhances progression in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Neurobiol. Dis. 2009, 34(3):511-517.
242. Urushitani M., Sik A., Sakurai T., Nukina N., Takahashi R., Julien J.P. Chromogranin-mediated secretion of mutant superoxide dismutase proteins linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:108-118.
243. Van Damme P., Braeken D., Callewaert G., Robberecht W., Van Den Bosch L. GluR2 deficiency accelerates motor neuron degeneration in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2005, 64:605-612.
244. Van Damme P., Bogaert E., Dewil M., Hersmus N., Kiraly D., Scheveneels W., Bockx I., Braeken D., Verpoorten N., Verhoeven K., Timmerman V., Herijgers P., Callewaert G., Carmeliet P., Van Den Bosch L., Robberecht W. Astrocytes regulate GluR2 expression in motor neurons and their vulnerability to excitotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007, 104:14825-14830.
245. Van Den Bosch L., Storkebaum E., Vleminckx V., Moons L., Vanopdenbosch L., Scheveneels W., Carmeliet P., Robberecht W. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on motor neuron degeneration. Neurobiol. Dis. 2004, 17(1):21-28.
246. Vande Velde C., Cleveland D.W. VEGF: multitasking in ALS. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:5-7.
247. Vargas M.R., Johnson D.A., Sirkis D.W., Messing A., Johnson J.A. Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects against neurodegeneration in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28(50):13574-13581.
248. Venters H.D., Tang Q., Liu Q., VanHoy R.W., Dantzer R., Kelley K.W. A new mechanism of neurodegeneration: a proinflammatory cytokine inhibits receptor signaling by a survival peptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96:9879-9884.
249. Vincenti M.P., Brinckerhoff C.E. Signal transduction and cell-type specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression: can MMPs be good for you?. J. Cell Physiol. 2007, 213:355-364.
250. Wang X., Chun S.J., Treolar H., Vartanina T., Greer C.A., Strittmarrer S.M. Localization of Nogo-A and Nogo-66 receptor proteins at sites of axon-myelin and synaptic contact. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:5505-5515.
251. Wang Y., Kilic E., Kilic U., Weber B., Bassetti C.L., Marti H.H., Hermann D.M. VEGF overexpression induces post-ischaemic neuroprotection, but facilitates haemodynamic steal phenomena. Brain 2005, 128:52-63.
252. Wang Y., Mao X.O., Xie L., Banwait S., Marti H.H., Greenberg D.A., Jin K. Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression delays neurodegeneration and prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27(2):304-307.
253. Wang Y., Jin K., Mao X.O., Xie L., Banwait S., Marti H.H., Greenberg D.A. VEGF-overexpressing transgenic mice show enhanced post-ischemic neurogenesis and neuromigration. J. Neurosci. Res. 2007, 85(4):740-747.
254. Wang J., Wang L., Zhao H., Chan S.O. Localization of an axon growth inhibitory molecule Nogo and its receptor in the spinal cord of mouse embryos. Brain Res. 2010, 1306:8-17.
255. Wataya T., Nunomura A., Smith M.A., Siedlak S.L., Harris P.L., Shimohama S., Szweda L.I., Kaminski M.A., Avila J., Price D.L., Cleveland D.W., Sayre L.M., Perry G. High molecular weight neurofilament proteins are physiological substrates of adduction by the lipid peroxidation product hydroxynonenal. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277(7):4644-4648.
256. Weydt P., Weiss M.D., Moller T., Carter G.T. Neuro-inflammation as a therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 2002, 3:1720-1724.
257. Weydt P., Yuen E.C., Ransom B.R., Moller T. Increased cytotoxic potential of microglia from ALS-transgenic mice. Glia 2004, 48:179-182.
258. White L.A., Reeben M., Saarma M., Whittemore S.R. Transcriptional regulation of neurofilament expression by protein kinase A. J. Neurosci. Res. 1997, 47:242-252.
259. Wojcik S., Engel W.K., Askanas V. Increased expression of Noga-A in ALS muscle biopsies is not unique for this disease. Acta Myol. 2006, 25(3):116-118.
260. Wong J., Oblinger M.M. Changes in neurofilament gene expression occur after axotomy of dorsal root ganglion neurons: an in situ hybridization study. Metab. Brain Dis. 1987, 2:291-303.
261. Wong J., Oblinger M.M. Differential regulation of peripherin and neurofilament gene expression in regenerating rat DRG neurons. J. Neurosci. Res. 1990, 27:332-341.
262. Wong P.C., Pardo C.A., Borchelt D.R., Lee M.K., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Sisodia S.S., Cleveland D.W., Price D.L. An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria. Neuron 1995, 14:1105-1116.
263. Wong N.K., He B.P., Strong M.J. Characterization of neuronal intermediate filament protein expression in cervical spinal motor neurons in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2000, 59(11):972-982.
264. Woolf C.J. No Nogo: now where to go?. Neuron 2003, 38(2):153-156. Review.
265. Woolf C.J., Bloechlinger S. Neuroscience. It takes more than two to Nogo. Science 2002, 297:1132-1134.
266. Wootz H., Enjin A., Wallén-Mackenzie A., Lindholm D., Kullander K. Reduced VGLUT2 expression increases motor neuron viability in Sod1(G93A) mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 2010, 37(1):58-66.
267. Wu D.C., Re D.B., Nagai M., Ischiropoulos H., Przedborski S. The inflammatory NADPH oxidase enzyme modulates motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:12132-12137.
268. Xie K., Wei D., Shi Q., Huang S. Constitutive and inducible expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004, 15:297-324.
269. Xu Z., Cork L.C., Griffin J.W., Cleveland D.W. Increased expression of neurofilament subunit NF-L produces morphological alterations that resemble the pathology of human motor neuron disease. Cell 1993, 73(1):23-33.
270. Yabe J.S., Chylinski T., Wang F.-S., Pimenta A., Kattar S.D., Linsley M.-D., Chan W.K.-H., Shea T.B. Neurofilaments consist of distinct populations that can be distinguished by c-terminal phosphorylation, bundling and axonal transport rates in axonal neurites. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:2195-2205.
271. Yamamoto M., Suzuki S.O., Himeno M. The effects of dynein inhibition on the autophagic pathway in glioma cells. Neuropathology 2010, 30:1-6.
272. Yamashita T., Tucker K.L., Barde Y.A. Neurotrophin binding to the p75 receptor modulates Rho activity and axonal outgrowth. Neuron 1999, 24:585-593.
273. Yamashita T., Higuchi H., Tohyama M. The p75 receptor transduces the signal from myelin-associated glycoprotein to Rho. J. Cell Biol. 2002, 157:565-570.
274. Yamashita S., Migita A., Hayashi K., Hirahara T., Kimura E., Maeda Y., Hirano T., Uchino M. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with Kartagener syndrome. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. 2010, 11(4):402-404.
275. Yan Q., Elliott J., Snider W.D. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rescues spinal motor neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. Nature (Lond.) 1992, 360:753-755.
276. Yang Y.S., Harel N.Y., Strittmatter S.M. Reticulon-4A (Nogo-A) redistributes protein disulfide isomerase to protect mice from SOD1-dependent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29(44):13850-13859.
277. Yao W., Zhong J., Yu J., Warner T., Bozic T., Ye P., D'Ercole A.J., Hock J.M., Lee W.H. IGF-I improved bone mineral density and body composition of weaver mutant mice. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 2008, 18(6):517-525.
278. Yuan Q., Wu W., So K.F., Cheung A.L., Prevette D.M., Oppenheim R.W. Effects of neurotrophic factors on motoneuron survival following axonal injury in newborn rats. Neuroreport 2000, 11(10):2237-2241.
279. Zetterberg H., Jacobsson J., Rosengren L., Blennow K., Andersen P.M. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in myotrophic lateral sclerosis: impact of SOD1 genotype. Eur. J. Neurol. 2007, 14:1329-1333.
280. Zetterstrom P., Graffmo K.S., Andersen P.M., Brannstrom T., Marklund S.L. Proteins that bind to misfolded mutant superoxide dismutase-1 in spinal cords from transgenic ALS model mice. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, (April).
281. Zhang H.J., Zhao W., Venkataraman S., Robbins M.E., Buettner G.R., Kregel K.C., Oberley L.W. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells involves reactive oxygen species. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:20919-20926.
282. Zhang F., Strom A.L., Fukada K., Lee S., Hayward L.J., Zhu H. Interaction between familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutants and the dynein complex: implications of retrograde axonal transport in ALS. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:16691-16699.
283. Zhang Y., Chan M.M., Andrews M.C., Mori T.A., Croft K.D., McKenzie K.U., Schyvens C.G., Whitworth J.A. Apocynin but not allopurinol prevents and reverses adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced hypertension in the rat. Am. J. Hypertens. 2005, 18:910-916.
284. Zhao J., Matthies D.S., Botzolakis E.J., Macdonald R.L., Blakely R.D., Hedera P. Hereditary spastic paraplegia-associated mutations in the NIPA1 gene and its Caenorhabditis elegans homolog trigger neural degeneration in vitro and in vivo through a gain-of-function mechanism. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28(51):13938-13951.
285. Zheng B., Ho C., Li S., Keirstead H., Steward O., Tessier-Lavigne M. Lack of enhanced spinal regeneration in Nogo-deficient mice. Neuron 2003, 38(2):213-224.
286. Zheng C., Nennesmo I., Fadeel B., Henter J.I. Vascular endothelial growth factor prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of ALS. Ann. Neurol. 2004, 56:564-567.
287. Zhong J., Deng J., Ghetti B., Lee W.H. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor I activity contributes to the premature apoptosis of cerebellar granule neuron in weaver mutant mice: in vitro analysis. J. Neurosci. Res. 2002, 70(1):36-45.
288. Zhou J., Wang H., Xiong Y., Li Z., Feng Y., Chen J. Puerarin attenuates glutamate-induced neurofilament axonal transport impairment. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010, 132(1):150-156.
289. Zhu Y., Jin K., Mao X.O., Greenberg D.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes proliferation of cortical neuron precursors by regulating E2F expression. FASEB J. 2003, 17:186-193.