Fatty acid detection during food consumption and digestion: Associations with ingestive behavior and obesity

Progress in Lipid Research

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 225-233

  Stewart, Jessica E ^a   Feinle Bisset, Christine ^b   Keast, Russell S J ^a  

^a DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Dietary behavior; Fat; Fat taste; Gastrointestinal tract; Taste sensitivity

Indexed keywords

CD36 ANTIGEN; CHOLECYSTOKININ; FATTY ACID; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; PEPTIDE YY;

BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CHEMORECEPTOR; DIGESTION; EXPOSURE; FAT INTAKE; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION; HUMAN; INTESTINE SECRETION; MOUTH CAVITY; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SATIETY; STOMACH EMPTYING; TASTE; TASTE ACUITY;

ANIMALS; CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS; DIETARY FATS; DIGESTION; EATING; FATTY ACIDS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; HUMANS; OBESITY; SATIATION; TASTE; TASTE PERCEPTION;

EID: 79952702415     PISSN: 01637827     EISSN: 18732194     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.02.002     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. D.W. Haslam, and W.P. James Obesity Lancet 366 2005 1197 1209 (Pubitemid 41393598)
2. K.R. Westerterp Perception, passive overfeeding and energy metabolism Physiol Behav 89 2006 62 65 (Pubitemid 44148654)
3. C. Albertson-Erlanson How palatable food disrupts appetite regulation Pharmacol Toxicol 97 2005 61 73
4. WHO. World Health Organisation: global strategy on diet, physical activity and health; 2003.
5. M. Camilleri, and A.B. Grudell Appetite and obesity: a gastroenterologist's perspective Neurogastroenterol Motil 19 2007 333 341 (Pubitemid 46763506)
6. T.J. Little, M. Horowitz, and C. Feinle-Bisset Modulation by high-fat diets of gastrointestinal function and hormones associated with the regulation of energy intake: implications for the pathophysiology of obesity Am J Clin Nutr 86 2007 531 541 (Pubitemid 47435817)
7. D.E. Cummings, and J. Overduin Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake J Clin Invest 117 2007 13 23 (Pubitemid 46048445)
8. K.L. Feltrin, T.J. Little, J.H. Meyer, M. Horowitz, A.J. Smout, and J. Wishart Effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on appetite, antropyloroduodenal motility, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 in humans vary with their chain length Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287 2004 R524 R533
9. C. Feinle-Bisset, M. Patterson, M.A. Ghatei, S.R. Bloom, and M. Horowitz Fat digestion is required for suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide secretion by intraduodenal lipid Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289 2005 E948 E953
10. R.V. Seimon, K. Lange, T.J. Little, I.M. Brennan, A.N. Pilichiewicz, and K.L. Feltrin Pooled-data analysis identifies pyloric pressures and plasma cholecystokinin concentrations as major determinants of acute energy intake in healthy, lean men Am J Clin Nutr 92 2010 61 68
11. J.E. Blundell, C.L. Lawton, J.R. Cotton, and J.I. Macdiarmid Control of human appetite: implications for the intake of dietary fat Annu Rev Nutr 16 1996 285 319 (Pubitemid 26286856)
12. J.M. Blundell, and J.I. MacDiarmid Fat as a risk factor for overconsumption: satiation, satiety and patterns of eating J Am Diet Assoc 97 1997 63 69
13. B.J. Rolls, S. Kim-Harris, M.W. Fischman, R.W. Foltin, T.H. Moran, and S.A. Stoner Satiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity Am J Clin Nutr 60 1994 476 487 (Pubitemid 24312992)
14. D.P. Speechly, and R. Buffenstein Appetite dysfunction in obese males: evidence for role of hyperinsulinaemia in passive overconsumption with a high fat diet Eur J Clin Nutr 54 2000 225 233 (Pubitemid 30156733)
15. + channels in taste receptor cells: gustatory cues for dietary fat Am J Physiol 272 1997 C1203 C1210
16. D.W. Pittman, K.R. Smith, M.E. Crawley, C.H. Corbin, D.R. Hansen, and K.J. Watson Orosensory detection of fatty acids by obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats: strain and sex differences Chem Senses 33 2008 449 460 (Pubitemid 351858966)
17. S.C. Woods Gastrointestinal satiety signals. I: An overview of gastrointestinal signals that influence food intake Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 286 2004 G7 G13
18. A. Chale-Rush, J.R. Burgess, and R.D. Mattes Evidence for human orosensory (taste?) sensitivity to free fatty acids Chem Senses 32 2007 423 431 (Pubitemid 47079418)
19. R.D. Mattes Oral detection of short-, medium-, and long-chain free fatty acids in humans Chem Senses 34 2009 145 150
20. T.A. Gilbertson, L. Liu, I. Kim, C.A. Burks, and D.R. Hansen Fatty acid responses in taste cells from obesity-prone and -resistant rats Physiol Behav 86 2005 681 690 (Pubitemid 41728986)
21. T.A. Gilbertson, L. Liu, D.A. York, and G.A. Bray Dietary fat preferences are inversely correlated with peripheral gustatory fatty acid sensitivity Ann NY Acad Sci 855 1998 165 168 (Pubitemid 29109972)
22. J.E. Stewart, C. Feinle-Bisset, M. Golding, C. Delahunty, P.M. Clifton, and R.S. Keast Oral sensitivity to fatty acids, food consumption and BMI in human subjects Br J Nutr 104 2010 145 152
23. M. Bertino, G.K. Beauchamp, and K. Engelman Long-term reduction in dietary sodium alters the taste of salt Am J Clin Nutr 36 1982 1134 1144 (Pubitemid 13177124)
24. M. Bertino, G.K. Beauchamp, and K. Engelman Increasing dietary salt alters salt taste preference Physiol Behav 38 1986 203 213 (Pubitemid 16028144)
25. N.D. Luscombe-Marsh, A.J. Smeets, and M.S. Westerterp-Plantenga Taste sensitivity for monosodium glutamate and an increased liking of dietary protein Br J Nutr 99 2008 904 908 (Pubitemid 351351647)
26. J.A. Anliker, L. Bartoshuk, A.M. Ferris, and L.D. Hooks Children's food preferences and genetic sensitivity to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) Am J Clin Nutr 54 1991 316 320 (Pubitemid 21898936)
27. M.E. Dinehart, J.E. Hayes, L.M. Bartoshuk, S.L. Lanier, and V.B. Duffy Bitter taste markers explain variability in vegetable sweetness, bitterness, and intake Physiol Behav 87 2006 304 313 (Pubitemid 43191978)
28. M.J. Hall, L.M. Bartoshuk, W.S. Cain, and J.C. Stevens PTC taste blindness and the taste of caffeine Nature 253 1975 442 443
29. A. Drewnowski, S.A. Henderson, C.S. Hann, W.A. Berg, and M.T. Ruffin Genetic taste markers and preferences for vegetables and fruit of female breast care patients J Am Diet Assoc 100 2000 191 197
30. A. Drewnowski, S.A. Henderson, A. Levine, and C. Hann Taste and food preferences as predictors of dietary practices in young women Public Health Nutr 2 1999 513 519 (Pubitemid 30002866)
31. P.M. Wise, J.L. Hansen, D.R. Reed, and P.A. Breslin Twin study of the heritability of recognition thresholds for sour and salty taste Chem Senses 32 2007 749 754 (Pubitemid 47578173)
32. M.Y. Pepino, S. Finkbeiner, G.K. Beauchamp, and J.A. Mennella Obese women have lower monosodium glutamate taste sensitivity and prefer higher concentrations than do normal-weight women Obesity (Silver Spring) 18 2010 959 965
33. G.A. Bray, S. Paeratakul, and B.M. Popkin Dietary fat and obesity: a review of animal, clinical and epidemiological studies Physiol Behav 83 2004 549 555 (Pubitemid 40038504)
34. H. Berthoud Interactions between the "cognitive" and "metabolic" brain in the control of food intake Physiol Behav 91 2007 486 498 (Pubitemid 47247781)
35. H.R. Berthoud Vagal and hormonal gut-brain communication: from satiation to satisfaction Neurogastroenterol Motil 20 Suppl. 1 2008 64 72
36. R. Barbera, M. Peracchi, F. Brighenti, B. Cesana, P.A. Bianchi, and G. Basilisco Sensations induced by medium and long chain triglycerides: role of gastric tone and hormones Gut 46 2000 32 36 (Pubitemid 30307673)
37. P. Boulby, R. Moore, P. Gowland, and R.C. Spiller Fat delays emptying but increases forward and backward antral flow as assessed by flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging Neurogastroenterol Motil 11 1999 27 36 (Pubitemid 29084234)
38. K.L. Feltrin, T.J. Little, J.H. Meyer, M. Horowitz, T. Rades, and J. Wishart Comparative effects of intraduodenal infusions of lauric and oleic acids on antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma cholecystokinin and peptide YY, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men Am J Clin Nutr 87 2008 1181 1187 (Pubitemid 351679756)
39. C.W. le Roux, R.L. Batterham, S.J. Aylwin, M. Patterson, C.M. Borg, and K.J. Wynne Attenuated peptide YY release in obese subjects is associated with reduced satiety Endocrinology 147 2006 3 8 (Pubitemid 43004254)
40. S.J. French, B. Murray, R.D. Rumsey, R. Fadzlin, and N.W. Read Adaptation to high-fat diets: effects on eating behaviour and plasma cholecystokinin Br J Nutr 73 1995 179 189
41. C. Verdich, S. Toubro, B. Buemann, J. Lysgard Madsen, J. Juul Holst, and A. Astrup The role of postprandial releases of insulin and incretin hormones in meal-induced satiety - effect of obesity and weight reduction Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25 2001 1206 1214 (Pubitemid 32721544)
42. T.K. Gallagher, J.G. Geoghegan, A.W. Baird, and D.C. Winter Implications of altered gastrointestinal motility in obesity Obes Surg 17 2007 1399 1407 (Pubitemid 351339477)
43. M. Horowitz, P.J. Collins, D.J. Cook, P.E. Harding, and D.J. Shearman Abnormalities of gastric emptying in obese patients Int J Obes 7 1983 415 421 (Pubitemid 13020973)
44. J. Xing, and J.D. Chen Alterations of gastrointestinal motility in obesity Obes Res 12 2004 1723 1732 (Pubitemid 41133019)
45. K.M. Cunningham, J. Daly, M. Horowitz, and N.W. Read Gastrointestinal adaptation to diets of differing fat composition in human volunteers Gut 32 1991 483 486
46. J.E. Blundell, and J.I. MacDiarmid Fat as a risk factor for overconsumption: satiation, satiety, and patterns of eating J Am Diet Assoc 97 1997 S63 S69
47. J. McLaughlin Long-chain fatty acid sensing in the gastrointestinal tract Biochem Soc Trans 35 2007 1199 1202 (Pubitemid 350206460)
48. S. Miyauchi, A. Hirasawa, A. Ichimura, T. Hara, and G. Tsujimoto New frontiers in gut nutrient sensor research: free fatty acid sensing in the gastrointestinal tract J Pharmacol Sci 112 2010 19 24
49. E. Rozengurt Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. I: Bitter taste receptors and alpha-gustducin in the mammalian gut Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 291 2006 G171 G177
50. C. Sternini Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. IV: Functional implications of bitter taste receptors in gastrointestinal chemosensing Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292 2007 G457 G461
51. C. Sternini, L. Anselmi, and E. Rozengurt Enteroendocrine cells: a site of 'taste' in gastrointestinal chemosensing Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 15 2008 73 78
52. S.V. Wu, N. Rozengurt, M. Yang, S.H. Young, J. Sinnett-Smith, and E. Rozengurt Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 2002 2392 2397 (Pubitemid 34169071)
53. M.S. Huda, J.P. Wilding, and J.H. Pinkney Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite Obes Rev 7 2006 163 182
54. A.A.-E.C. Lindqvist Fat digestion and its role in appetite regulation and energy balance - the importance of enterostatin and tetrahydrolipstatin Curr Med Chem 3 2003 157 175
55. J.M. Poothullil Oral satiation and regulation of intake Physiol Behav 57 1995 349 352
56. N.A. Khan, and P. Besnard Oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids: new insights into the fat taste transduction Biochim Biophys Acta 1791 2009 149 155
57. J. Chandrashekar, M.A. Hoon, N.J. Ryba, and C.S. Zuker The receptors and cells for mammalian taste Nature 444 2006 288 294 (Pubitemid 44764097)
58. T. Fukuwatari, T. Kawada, M. Tsuruta, T. Hiraoka, T. Iwanaga, and E. Sugimoto Expression of the putative membrane fatty acid transporter (FAT) in taste buds of the circumvallate papillae FEBS Lett. 414 1997 461 464 (Pubitemid 27389417)
59. Simons PJ, Kummer JA, Luiken JJ, Boon L. Apical CD36 immunolocalization in human and porcine taste buds from circumvallate and foliate papillae. Acta Histochem 2010. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2010.08.006.
60. N. Abumrad CD36 may determine our desire for dietary fats J Clin Invest 115 2005 2955 2967
61. F. Laugerette, P. Passilly-Degrace, B. Patris, I. Niot, M. Febbraio, and J.P. Montmayeur CD36 involvement in orosensory detection of dietary lipids, spontaneous fat preference, and digestive secretions J Clin Invest 115 2005 3177 3184 (Pubitemid 41567582)
62. F. Laugerette, P. Passilly-Degrace, B. Patris, I. Niot, M. Febbraio, and J.P. Montmayeur Do we taste fat? Biochimie 89 2006 265 269 (Pubitemid 46172510)
63. D. Gaillard, F. Laugerette, N. Darcel, A. El-Yassimi, P. Passilly-Degrace, and A. Hichami The gustatory pathway is involved in CD36-mediated orosensory perception of long-chain fatty acids in the mouse FASEB J 22 2008 1458 1468 (Pubitemid 351656786)
64. T.A. Gilbertson, S. Damak, and R.F. Margolskee The molecular physiology of taste transduction Curr Opin Neurobiol 10 2000 519 527 (Pubitemid 30614514)
65. S. Matsumura, A. Eguchi, T. Mizushige, N. Kitabayashi, S. Tsuzuki, and K. Inoue Colocalization of GPR120 with phospholipase-Cbeta2 and alpha-gustducin in the taste bud cells in mice Neurosci Lett 450 2009 186 190
66. S. Matsumura, T. Mizushige, T. Yoneda, T. Iwanaga, S. Tsuzuki, and K. Inoue GPR expression in the rat taste bud relating to fatty acid sensing Biomed Res 28 2007 49 55 (Pubitemid 46488375)
67. D.K. Covington, C.A. Briscoe, A.J. Brown, and C.K. Jayawickreme The G-protein-coupled receptor 40 family (GPR40-GPR43) and its role in nutrient sensing Biochem Soc Trans 34 2006 770 773 (Pubitemid 44796417)
68. D.R. Hansen, L. McKenna, B.P. Shah, and T.A. Gilbertson Expression of fatty acid-activated G protein coupled receptors in chemosensory cells Chem Senses 31 2006 489
69. A. Hirasawa, K. Tsumaya, T. Awaji, S. Katsuma, T. Adachi, and M. Yamada Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120 Nat Med 11 2005 90 94 (Pubitemid 40215843)
70. A. Hirasawa, T. Hara, S. Katsuma, T. Adachi, and G. Tsujimoto Free fatty acid receptors and drug discovery Biol Pharm Bull 31 2008 1847 1851
71. K.L. Feltrin, M. Patterson, M.A. Ghatei, S.R. Bloom, J.H. Meyer, and M. Horowitz Effect of fatty acid chain length on suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of PYY, GLP-2 and PP secretion in healthy men Peptides 27 2006 1638 1643 (Pubitemid 43866285)
72. +-dependent mechanism in the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1 J Physiol 513 Pt. 1 1998 11 18 (Pubitemid 28528562)
73. C. Cherbut, L. Ferrier, C. Roze, Y. Anini, H. Blottiere, and G. Lecannu Short-chain fatty acids modify colonic motility through nerves and polypeptide YY release in the rat Am J Physiol 275 1998 G1415 G1422
74. S. Edfalk, P. Steneberg, and H. Edlund Gpr40 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells and mediates free fatty acid stimulation of incretin secretion Diabetes 57 2008 2280 2287
75. I. Niot, H. Poirier, T.T. Tran, and P. Besnard Intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids: evidence and uncertainties Prog Lipid Res 48 2009 101 115
76. R.D. Mattes Is there a fatty acid taste? Annu Rev Nutr 29 2009 305 327
77. S.J. DeNigris, M. Hamosh, D.K. Kasbekar, T.C. Lee, and P. Hamosh Lingual and gastric lipases: species differences in the origin of prepancreatic digestive lipases and in the localization of gastric lipase Biochim Biophys Acta 959 1988 38 45 (Pubitemid 18052966)
78. M. Hamosh, H.L. Klaeveman, R.O. Wolf, and R.O. Scow Pharyngeal lipase and digestion of dietary triglyceride in man J Clin Invest 55 1975 908 913
79. A.I. Spielman, S. D'Abundo, R.B. Field, and H. Schmale Protein analysis of human von Ebner saliva and a method for its collection from the foliate papillae J Dent Res 72 1993 1331 1335
80. R.S. Keast, and J. Roper A complex relationship among chemical concentration, detection threshold, and suprathreshold intensity of bitter compounds Chem Senses 32 2007 245 253 (Pubitemid 46585582)
81. Y. Che Man, M.H. Moh, and F.R. Van der Voort Determination of free fatty acids in crude palm oil and refined-bleached-deodorised palm olein using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy J Am Oil Chem Soc 76 1999 485 490
82. D.A. Forss Odor and flavor compounds from lipids Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids 13 1972 177 258
83. M. Tsuruta, T. Kawada, T. Fukuwatari, and T. Fushiki The orosensory recognition of long-chain fatty acids in rats Physiol Behav 66 1999 285 288 (Pubitemid 29206520)
84. T. Fukuwatari, K. Shibata, K. Iguchi, T. Saeki, A. Iwata, and K. Tani Role of gustation in the recognition of oleate and triolein in anosmic rats Physiol Behav 78 2003 579 583 (Pubitemid 36628084)
85. S. Mindell, G.P. Smith, and D. Greenberg Corn oil and mineral oil stimulate sham feeding in rats Physiol Behav 48 1990 283 287 (Pubitemid 20270241)
86. T.A. Gilbertson Gustatory mechanisms for the detection of fat Curr Opin Neurobiol 8 1998 447 452 (Pubitemid 28431732)
87. A. Ichimura, A. Hirasawa, T. Hara, and G. Tsujimoto Free fatty acid receptors act as nutrient sensors to regulate energy homeostasis Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 89 2009 82 88
88. J.A. Nasser, H.R. Kissileff, C.N. Boozer, C.J. Chou, and F.X. Pi-Sunyer PROP taster status and oral fatty acid perception Eat Behav 2 2001 237 245
89. Kamphuis MMJW. The role of Linoleic acid perception in the etiology of obesity. PhD Thesis. Amsterdam: University of Maastricht; 2003.
90. K.L. Keller, L. Steinmann, R.J. Nurse, and B.J. Tepper Genetic taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil influences food preference and reported intake in preschool children Appetite 38 2002 3 12 (Pubitemid 34412105)
91. D.J. Mela Bitter taste intensity: the effect of tastant and thiourea taster status Chem Senses 14 1989 131 135 (Pubitemid 19179578)
92. O. Lugaz, A.M. Pillias, and A. Faurion A new specific ageusia: some humans cannot taste l-glutamate Chem Senses 27 2002 105 115 (Pubitemid 34223959)
93. R.D. Mattes The taste of fat elevates postprandial triacylglycerol Physiol Behav 74 2001 343 348 (Pubitemid 33070408)
94. R.D. Mattes Oral exposure to butter, but not fat replacers elevates postprandial triacylglycerol concentration in humans J Nutr 131 2001 1491 1496 (Pubitemid 32422972)
95. M. Wojdemann, O. Olsen, P. Norregaard, B. Sternby, and J.F. Rehfeld Gastric lipase secretion after sham feeding and cholinergic blockade Dig Dis Sci 42 1997 1070 1075 (Pubitemid 27239802)
96. M.D. Robertson, K.G. Jackson, C.M. Williams, B.A. Fielding, and K.N. Frayn Prolonged effects of modified sham feeding on energy substrate mobilization Am J Clin Nutr 73 2001 111 117 (Pubitemid 32016824)
97. O. Wisen, H. Bjorvell, P. Cantor, C. Johansson, and E. Theodorsson Plasma concentrations of regulatory peptides in obesity following modified sham feeding (MSF) and a liquid test meal Regul Pept 39 1992 43 54
98. R.C. Jauregui, R.D. Mattes, and E.J. Parks Dynamics of fat absorption and effect of sham feeding on postprandial lipema Gastroenterology 139 5 2010 1538 1548
99. L. Degen, D. Matzinger, J. Drewe, S. Nissle, H. Maecke, and H. Lengsfeld Role of free fatty acids in regulating gastric emptying and gallbladder contraction Digestion 74 2006 131 139 (Pubitemid 46622781)
100. R. Heddle, P.J. Collins, J. Dent, M. Horowitz, N.W. Read, and B. Chatterton Motor mechanisms associated with slowing of the gastric emptying of a solid meal by an intraduodenal lipid infusion J Gastroenterol Hepatol 4 1989 437 447 (Pubitemid 19246069)
101. H.R. Kissileff, J.C. Carretta, A. Geliebter, and F.X. Pi-Sunyer Cholecystokinin and stomach distension combine to reduce food intake in humans Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285 2003 R992 R998
102. H.R. Kissileff, F.X. Pi-Sunyer, J. Thornton, and G.P. Smith C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man Am J Clin Nutr 34 1981 154 160 (Pubitemid 11186304)
103. O.B. Chaudhri, V. Salem, K.G. Murphy, and S.R. Bloom Gastrointestinal satiety signals Annu Rev Physiol 70 2008 239 255 (Pubitemid 351738179)
104. T.E. Adrian, G.L. Ferri, A.J. Bacarese-Hamilton, H.S. Fuessl, J.M. Polak, and S.R. Bloom Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY Gastroenterology 89 1985 1070 1077 (Pubitemid 16231572)
105. R.L. Batterham, M.A. Cowley, C.J. Small, H. Herzog, M.A. Cohen, and C.L. Dakin Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake Nature 418 2002 650 654
106. L. Degen, S. Oesch, M. Casanova, S. Graf, S. Ketterer, and J. Drewe Effect of peptide YY3-36 on food intake in humans Gastroenterology 129 2005 1430 1436 (Pubitemid 41597385)
107. C. Beglinger, and L. Degen Gastrointestinal satiety signals in humans - physiologic roles for GLP-1 and PYY? Physiol Behav 89 2006 460 464 (Pubitemid 44634573)
108. C. Feinle, D. O'Donovan, S. Doran, J.M. Andrews, J. Wishart, and I. Chapman Effects of fat digestion on appetite, APD motility, and gut hormones in response to duodenal fat infusion in humans Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284 2003 G798 G807
109. A. Drewnowski Energy density, palatability, and satiety: implications for weight control Nutr Rev 56 1998 347 353 (Pubitemid 29023050)
110. J.E. Blundell, V.J. Burley, J.R. Cotton, and C.L. Lawton Dietary fat and the control of energy intake: evaluating the effects of fat on meal size and postmeal satiety Am J Clin Nutr 57 1993 772S 777S (discussion 7S-8S)
111. L. Lissner, D.A. Levitsky, B.J. Strupp, H.J. Kalkwarf, and D.A. Roe Dietary fat and the regulation of energy intake in human subjects Am J Clin Nutr 46 1987 886 892 (Pubitemid 18032736)
112. D.M. Savastano, and M. Covasa Adaptation to a high-fat diet leads to hyperphagia and diminished sensitivity to cholecystokinin in rats J Nutr 135 2005 1953 1959 (Pubitemid 41099755)
113. A.M. Torregrossa, and G.P. Smith Two effects of high-fat diets on the satiating potency of cholecystokinin-8 Physiol Behav 78 2003 19 25 (Pubitemid 36110548)
114. G. Paulino, C. Barbier de la Serre, T.A. Knotts, P.J. Oort, J.W. Newman, and S.H. Adams Increased expression of receptors for orexigenic factors in nodose ganglion of diet-induced obese rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296 2009 E898 E 903
115. T.D. Swartz, F.A. Duca, and M. Covasa Differential feeding behavior and neuronal responses to CCK in obesity-prone and -resistant rats Brain Res 1308 2010 79 86
116. M. Covasa, and R.C. Ritter Adaptation to high-fat diet reduces inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK and intestinal oleate Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278 2000 R166 R170
117. M. Covasa, J. Grahn, and R.C. Ritter High fat maintenance diet attenuates hindbrain neuronal response to CCK Regul Pept 86 2000 83 88 (Pubitemid 30003964)
118. M. Liu, L. Shen, Y. Liu, S.C. Woods, R.J. Seeley, and D. D'Alessio Obesity induced by a high-fat diet downregulates apolipoprotein A-IV gene expression in rat hypothalamus Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287 2004 E366 E370
119. M. Covasa, and R.C. Ritter Reduced sensitivity to the satiation effect of intestinal oleate in rats adapted to high-fat diet Am J Physiol 277 1999 R279 R285
120. A.B. Thomson, M. Keelan, and G.E. Wild Nutrients and intestinal adaptation Clin Invest Med 19 1996 331 345 (Pubitemid 26354111)
121. N.J. Brown, R.D. Rumsey, and N.W. Read Gastrointestinal adaptation to enhanced small intestinal lipid exposure Gut 35 1994 1409 1412 (Pubitemid 24310902)
122. K.A. Boyd, D.G. O'Donovan, S. Doran, J. Wishart, I.M. Chapman, and M. Horowitz High-fat diet effects on gut motility, hormone, and appetite responses to duodenal lipid in healthy men Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284 2003 G188 G196
123. K.E. Castiglione, N.W. Read, and S.J. French Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282 2002 R366 R371
124. S.F. Leibowitz, J. Alexander, J.T. Dourmashkin, J.O. Hill, E.C. Gayles, and G.Q. Chang Phenotypic profile of SWR/J and A/J mice compared to control strains: possible mechanisms underlying resistance to obesity on a high-fat diet Brain Res 1047 2005 137 147 (Pubitemid 40799309)
125. J.E. Blundell, R.J. Stubbs, C. Golding, F. Croden, R. Alam, and S. Whybrow Resistance and susceptibility to weight gain: individual variability in response to a high-fat diet Physiol Behav 86 2005 614 622 (Pubitemid 41728979)
126. A. Drewnowski, S.A. Henderson, and A.B. Shore Taste responses to naringin, a flavonoid, and the acceptance of grapefruit juice are related to genetic sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil Am J Clin Nutr 66 1997 391 397 (Pubitemid 27360339)
127. D. Reed, R.D. Mattes, and G.K. Beauchamp Behavioral modulation of the path from genotype to obesity phenotype 1999 John Libbey London
128. A. Astrup, B. Buemann, P. Western, S. Toubro, A. Raben, and N.J. Christensen Obesity as an adaptation to a high-fat diet: evidence from a cross-sectional study Am J Clin Nutr 59 1994 350 355
129. T.D. Swartz, A. Hajnal, and M. Covasa Altered orosensory sensitivity to oils in CCK-1 receptor deficient rats Physiol Behav 99 2010 109 117
130. Stewart JE, Seimon RV Keast RSJ, Clifton PC, Feinle-Bisset C. Marked differences in gustatory and gastrointestinal sensitivity to oleic acid between lean and obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 2011. doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.007583.
131. B. Baranowska, M. Radzikowska, E. Wasilewska-Dziubinska, K. Roguski, and M. Borowiec Disturbed release of gastrointestinal peptides in anorexia nervosa and in obesity Diabetes Obes Metab 2 2000 99 103 (Pubitemid 33072164)
132. A.L. Hirschberg, S. Naessén, M. Stridsberg, B. Byström, and J. Holtet Impaired cholecystokinin secretion and disturbed appettite regulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Gynecol. Endocrinol. 19 2004 79 87 (Pubitemid 39331408)
133. M.G. Butler, M.G. Carlson, D.E. Schmidt, I.D. Feurer, and T. Thompson Plasma cholecystokinin levels in Prader-Willi syndrome and obese subjects Am J Med Genet 95 2000 67 70
134. S.D. Mittelman, K. Klier, S. Braun, C. Azen, M.E. Geffner, and T.A. Buchanan Obese adolescents show impaired meal responses of the appetite-regulating hormones ghrelin and PYY Obesity (Silver Spring) 18 2010 918 925
135. A.N. Pilichiewicz, P. Papadopoulos, I.M. Brennan, T.J. Little, J.H. Meyer, and J.M. Wishart Load-dependent effects of duodenal lipid on antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma CCK and PYY, and energy intake in healthy men Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293 2007 R2170 R2178
136. J.P. Duggan, and D.A. Booth Obesity, overeating, and rapid gastric emptying in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions Science 231 1986 609 611 (Pubitemid 16088945)
137. S.J. French, B. Murray, R.D. Rumsey, C.P. Sepple, and N.W. Read Preliminary studies on the gastrointestinal responses to fatty meals in obese people Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 17 1993 295 300 (Pubitemid 23133363)
138. M. Horowitz, P.J. Collins, and D.J. Shearman Effect of increasing the caloric/osmotic content of the liquid component of a mixed solid and liquid meal on gastric emptying in obese subjects Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 40 1986 51 56 (Pubitemid 16212579)
139. S. Delgado-Aros, F. Cremonini, J.E. Castillo, H.J. Chial, D.D. Burton, and I. Ferber Independent influences of body mass and gastric volumes on satiation in humans Gastroenterology 126 2004 432 440 (Pubitemid 38182300)