Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals. I. An overview of gastrointestinal signals that influence food intake

American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Volumn 286, Issue 1 49-1, 2004, Pages

  Woods, Stephen C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adiposity signals; Bombesin; Cholecystokinin; Ghrelin

Indexed keywords

BOMBESIN; CHOLECYSTOKININ; GHRELIN;

EATING HABIT; HUMAN; LEARNING; NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY; NEUROMODULATION; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SATIETY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VAGUS NERVE;

EID: 0347358002     PISSN: 01931857     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2003     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Ahima RS, Saper CB, Flier JS, and Elmquist JK. Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems. Front Neuroendocrinol 21: 263-307, 2000.
2. Ahren B, Mansson S, Gingerich RL, and Havel PJ. Regulation of plasma leptin in mice: influence of age, high-fat diet and fasting. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 273: R113-R120, 1997.
3. Bagdade JD, Bierman EL, and Porte D Jr. The significance of basal insulin levels in the evaluation of the insulin response to glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 46: 1549-1557, 1967.
4. Barrachina MD, Martinez V, Wang L, Wei JY, and Tache Y. Synergistic interaction between leptin and cholecystokinin to reduce short-term food intake in lean mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 10455-10460, 1997.
5. Baskin DG, Figlewicz-Lattemann D, Seeley RJ, Woods SC, Porte D Jr, and Schwartz MW. Insulin and leptin: dual adipodity signals to the brain for the regulation of food intake and body weight. Brain Res 848: 114-123, 1999.
6. Batterham RL, Cowley MA, Small CJ, Herzog H, Cohen MA, Dakin CL, Wren AM, Brynes AE, Low MJ, Ghatei MA, Cone RD, and Bloom SR. Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature 418: 650-654, 2002.
7. Beglinger C, Degen L, Matzinger D, D'Amato M, and Drewe J. Loxiglumide, a CCK-A receptor antagonist, stimulates calorie intake and hunger feelings in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280: R1149-R1154, 2001.
8. Berthoud HR and Powley TL. Vagal afferent innervation of the rat fundic stomach: morphological characterization of the gastric tension receptor. J Comp Neurol 319: 261-276, 1992.
9. Bi S and Moran TH. Actions of CCK in the controls of food intake and body weight: lessons from the CCK-A receptor deficient OLETF rat. Neuropeptides 36: 171-181, 2002.
10. Chance WT, Balasubramaniam A, Zhang FS, Wimalawansa SJ, and Fischer JE. Anorexia following the intrahypothalamic administration of amylin. Brain Res 539: 352-354, 1991.
11. Cone RD, Cowley MA, Butler AA, Fan W, Marks DL, and Low MJ. The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25, Suppl 5: S63-S67, 2001.
12. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriaucinas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ, Bauer TL, and Caro JF. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 334: 292-295, 1996.
13. Corp ES, McQuade J, Moran TH, and Smith GP. Characterization of type A and type B CCK receptor binding sites in rat vagus nerve. Brain Res 623: 161-166, 1993.
14. Cox JE, Perdue GS, and Tyler WJ. Suppression of sucrose intake by continuous near-celiac and intravenous cholecystokinin infusions in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 268: R150-R155, 1995.
15. Crawley JN and Beinfeld MC. Rapid development of tolerance to the behavioural actions of cholecystokinin. Nature 302: 703-706, 1983.
16. Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, and Weigle DS. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 50: 1714-1719, 2001.
17. Date Y, Murakami N, Toshinai K, Matsukura S, Niijima A, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, and Nakazato M. The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 123: 1120-1128, 2002.
18. Davis JD and Smith GP. Learning to sham feed: behavioral adjustments to loss of physiological postingestional stimuli. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 259: R1228-R1235, 1990.
19. Edwards GL, Ladenheim EE, and Ritter RC. Dorsomedial hindbrain participation in cholecystokinin-induced satiety. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 251: R971-R977, 1986.
20. Elmquist JK, Elias CF, and Saper CB. From lesions to leptin: hypothalamic control of food intake and body weight. Neuron 22: 221-232, 1999.
21. Figlewicz DP, Sipols AJ, Green P, Porte D Jr, and Woods SC. IVT CCK-8 is more effective than IV CCK-8 in decreasing meal size in the baboon. Brain Res Bull 22: 849-852, 1989.
22. Fujimoto K, Cardelli JA, and Tso P. Increased apolipoprotein A-IV in rat mesenteric lymph after lipid meal acts as a physiological signal for satiation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 262: G1002-G1006, 1992.
23. Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K, Shinozaki H, Masuda M, Kawanami T, Takata Y, and AK. An animal model of congenital defect of gene expression of cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 210: 787-796, 1994.
24. Geary N. Glucagon and the control of meal size. In: Satiation. From Gut to Brain, edited by Smith GP. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 164-197.
25. Gibbs J and Smith GP. Cholecystokinin and satiety in rats and rhesus monkeys. Am J Clin Nutr 30: 758-761, 1977.
26. Gibbs J, Young RC, and Smith GP. Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol 84: 488-495, 1973.
27. Grill HJ and Kaplan JM. The neuroanatomical axis for control of energy balance. Front Neuroendocrinol 23: 2-40, 2002.
28. Havel PJ. Mechanisms regulating leptin production: implications for control of energy balance. Am J Clin Nutr 70: 305-306, 1999.
29. Havel PJ, Kasim Karakas S, Mueller W, Johnson PR, Gingerich RL, and Stern JS. Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and adiposity in normal weight and overweight women: effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 4406-4413, 1996.
30. Hewson G, Leighton GE, Hill RG, and Hughes J. The cholecystokinin receptor antagonist L364,718 increases food intake in the rat by attenuation of endogenous cholecystokinin. Br J Pharmacol 93: 79-84, 1988.
31. Kissileff HR, Pi-Sunyer FX, Thornton J, and Smith GP. Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 154-160, 1981.
32. Kopin AS, Mathes WF, McBride EW, Nguyen M, Al-Haider W, Schmitz F, Bonner-Weir S, Kanarek R, and Beinborn M. The cholecystokinin-A receptor mediates inhibition of food intake yet is not essential for the maintenance of body weight. J Clin Invest 103: 383-391, 1999.
33. Ladenheim EE, Wirth KE, and Moran TH. Receptor subtype mediation of feeding suppression by bombesin-like peptides. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54: 705-711, 1996.
34. Langhans W. Metabolic and glucostatic control of feeding. Proc Nutr Soc 55: 497-515, 1996.
35. Larsen PJ, Fledelius C, Knudsen LB, and Tang-Christensen M. Systemic administration of the long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 induces lasting and reversible weight loss in both normal and obese rats. Diabetes 50: 2530-2539, 2001.
36. Lotter EC, Krinsky R, McKay JM, Treneer CM, Porte D Jr, and Woods SC. Somatostatin decreases food intake of rats and baboons. J Comp Physiol Psychol 95: 278-287, 1981.
37. Lutz TA, Del Prete E, and Scharrer E. Reduction of food intake in rats by intraperitoneal injection of low doses of amylin. Physiol Behav 55: 891-895, 1994.
38. Matson CA, Reid DF, Cannon TA, and Ritter RC. Cholecystokinin and leptin act synergistically to reduce body weight. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278: R882-R890, 2000.
39. Matson CA, Wiater MF, Kuijper JL, and Weigle DS. Synergy between leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to control daily caloric intake. Peptides 18: 1275-1278, 1997.
40. Mayer J. Regulation of energy intake and the body weight: the glucostatic and lipostatic hypothesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 63: 14-42, 1955.
41. Mayer J and Thomas DW. Regulation of food intake and obesity. Science 156: 328-337, 1967.
42. Mercer JG and Lawrence CB. Selectivity of cholecystokinin receptor antagonists, MK-329 and L-365,260 for axonally transported CCK binding sites in the rat vagus nerve. Neurosci Lett 137: 229-231, 1992.
43. Miesner J, Smith GP, Gibbs J, and Tyrka A. Intravenous infusion of CCKA-receptor antagonist increases food intake in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 262: R216-R219, 1992.
44. Moran TH, Ameglio PJ, Peyton HJ, Schwartz GJ, and McHugh PR. Blockade of type A, but not type B, CCK receptors postpones satiety in rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 265: R620-R624, 1993.
45. Moran TH, Baldessarini AR, Salorio CF, Lowery T, and Schwartz GJ. Vagal afferent and efferent contributions to the inhibition of food intake by cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 272: R1245-R1251, 1997.
46. Moran TH, Katz LF, Plata-Salaman CR, and Schwartz GJ. Disordered food intake and obesity in rats lacking cholecystokinin A receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 274: R618-R625, 1998.
47. Moran TH, Ladenheim EE, and Schwartz GJ. Within-meal gut feedback signaling. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25, Suppl 5: S39-S41, 2001.
48. Moran TH and Schwartz GJ. Neurobiology of cholecystokinin. Crit Rev Neurobiol 9: 1-28, 1994.
49. Moran TH, Shnayder L, Hostetler AM, and McHugh PR. Pylorectomy reduces the satiety action of cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 255: R1059-R1063, 1988.
50. Muurahainenn N, Kissileff HR, Derogatis AJ, and Pi-Sunyer FX. Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on food intake and gastric emptying in man. Physiol Behav 44: 644-649, 1988.
51. Naslund E, Barkeling B, King N, Gutniak M, Blundell JE, Holst JJ, Rossner S, and Hellstrom PM. Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23: 304-311, 1999.
52. Niswender KD and Schwartz MW. Insulin and leptin revisited: adiposity signals with overlapping physiological and intracellular signaling capabilities. Front Neuroendocrinol 24: 1-10, 2003.
53. Obici S, Feng Z, Morgan K, Stein D, Karkanias G, and Rossetti L. Central administration of oleic acid inhibits glucose production and food intake. Diabetes 51: 271-275, 2002.
54. Okada S, York DA, Bray GA, and Erlanson-Albertsson C. Enterostatin (Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg), the activation peptide of procolipase, selectively reduces fat intake. Physiol Behav 49: 1185-1189, 1991.
55. Polonsky KS, Given E, and Carter V. Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects. J Clin Invest 81: 442-448, 1988.
56. Reidelberger RD and O'Rourke MF. Potent cholecystokinin antagonist L-364,718 stimulates food intake in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 257: R1512-R1518, 1989.
57. Richardson RD, Omachi K, Kermani R, and Woods SC. Intraventricular insulin potentiates the anorexic effect of corticotropin releasing hormone in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R1321-R1326, 2002.
58. Riedy CA, Chavez M, Figlewicz DP, and Woods SC. Central insulin enhances sensitivity to cholecystokinin. Physiol Behav 58: 755-760, 1995.
59. Rinaman L, Hoffman GE, Dohanics J, Le WW, Stricker EM, and Verbalis JG. Cholecystokinin activates catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal medulla that innervate the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats. J Comp Neurol 360: 246-256, 1995.
60. Rushing PA and Gibbs J. Prolongation of intermeal interval by gastrin-releasing peptide depends upon time of delivery. Peptides 19: 1439-1442, 1998.
61. Rushing PA, Henderson RP, and Gibbs J. Prolongation of the postprandial intermeal interval by gastrin-releasing peptide 1-27 in spontaneously feeding rats. Peptides 19: 175-177, 1998.
62. Rushing PA, Lutz TA, Seeley RJ, and Woods SC. Amylin and insulin interact to reduce food intake in rats. Horm Metab Res 32: 62-65, 2000.
63. Salter JM. Metabolic effects of glucagon in the Wistar rat. Am J Clin Nutr 8: 535-539, 1960.
64. Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR, and Moran TH. Gastric loads and cholecystokinin synergistically stimulate rat gastric vagal afferents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 265: R872-R876, 1993.
65. Schwartz GJ and Moran TH. Sub-diaphragmatic vagal afferent integration of meal-related gastrointestinal signals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 20: 47-56, 1996.
66. Schwartz GJ, Moran TH, White WO, and Ladenheim EE. Relationships between gastric motility and gastric vagal afferent responses to CCK and GRP in rats differ. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 272: R1726-R1733, 1997.
67. Schwartz GJ, Tougas G, and Moran TH. Integration of vagal afferent responses to duodenal loads and exogenous CCK in rats. Peptides 16: 707-711, 1995.
68. Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte DJ, Seeley RJ, and Baskin DG. Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature 404: 661-671, 2000.
69. Shargill NS, Tsuji S, Bray GA, and Erlanson-Albertsson C. Enterostatin suppresses food intake following injection into the third ventricle of rats. Brain Res 544: 137-140, 1991.
70. Smith GP and Gibbs J. The development and proof of the cholecystokinin hypothesis of satiety. In: Multiple Cholecystokinin Receptors in the CNS, edited by Dourish CT, Cooper SJ, Iversen SD, and Iversen LL. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 166-182.
71. Smith GP and Gibbs J. The satiating effects of cholecystokinin and bombesin-like peptides. In: Satiation. From Gut to Brain, edited by Smith GP. New York: Oxford, 1998, p. 97-125.
72. Smith GP, Jerome C, Cushin BJ, Eterno R, and Simansky KJ. Abdominal vagotomy blocks the satiety effect of cholecystokinin in the rat. Science 213: 1036-1037, 1981.
73. Smith GP, Jerome C, and Norgren R. Afferent axons in abdominal vagus mediate satiety effect of cholecystokinin in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 249: R638-R641, 1985.
74. Stein LJ and Woods SC. Gastrin releasing peptide reduces meal size in rats. Peptides 3: 833-835, 1982.
75. Stuckey JA, Gibbs J, and Smith GP. Neural disconnection of gut from brain blocks bombesin-induced satiety. Peptides 6: 1249-1252, 1985.
76. Thaw AK, Smith JC, and Gibbs J. Mammalian bombesin-like peptides extend the intermeal interval in freely feeding rats. Physiol Behav 64: 425-428, 1998.
77. Tschöp M, Smiley DL, and Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407: 908-913, 2000.
78. West DB, Fey D, and Woods SC. Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 246: R776-R787, 1984.
79. West DB, Greenwood MR, Marshall KA, and Woods SC. Lithium chloride, cholecystokinin and meal patterns: evidence that cholecystokinin suppresses meal size in rats without causing malaise. Appetite 8: 221-227, 1987.
80. Woods SC. The eating paradox: how we tolerate food. Psychol Rev 98: 488-505, 1991.
81. Woods SC, Decke E, and Vasselli JR. Metabolic hormones and regulation of body weight. Psychol Rev 81: 26-43, 1974.
82. Woods SC and Gibbs J. The regulation of food intake by peptides. Ann NY Acad Sci 575: 236-243, 1989.
83. Woods SC, Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, and Seeley RJ. Food intake and the regulation of body weight. Annu Rev Psychol 51: 255-277, 2000.
84. Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte DJ, and Schwartz MW. Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. Science 280: 1378-1383, 1998.
85. Woods SC and Strubbe JH. The psychobiology of meals. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 1: 141-155, 1994.
86. Wren AM, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, Brynes AE, Frost GS, Murphy KG, Dhillo WS, Ghatei MA, and Bloom SR. Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5992, 2001.
87. Wren AM, Small CJ, Abbott CR, Dhillo WS, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, Batterham RL, Taheri S, Stanley SA, Ghatei MA, and Bloom SR. Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes 50: 2540-2547, 2001.